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Home , Basil of Ostrog, Budva, Budva Riviera, Clock Tower (Podgorica), Court Church (Cetinje), Dado (painter)

MULTICULTURAL MULTICULTURAL HERITAGE HERITAGE

www..travel www.montenegro.travel become one of the most interesting places in the . Despite its small territory, which may be Montenegro crossed in a two day walk, it contains many examples of the heritage of the Eastern and the Western Being positioned between the East and the West, Montenegro has inherited pagan, Illyrian, Hellen- Christian civilizations and the Islamic world. All these different worlds have managed to find harmony istic, Roman, Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Islamic influences. Its territory has been inhabited for in Montenegro, and have not changed to this day. Even during the great battles in the Balkans in the more than 180,000 years. Its historical remains date back to the archaeological findings in the Crvena 20th century, this harmony of different worlds was not disturbed. cave, which was the first discovered habitat of prehistoric man on the territory of Montenegro. The influences and remains continue through the rich cultural heritage of the countries and the people Montenegro is not only unusual for its civilization; it is also unusual as a political phenomenon in mod- who lived and created their lives here. ern European history. Although it is the smallest Balkan country, it was the first one to gain independ- ence from the and the first one to found its independent state. This liberation happened Towards the end of the 2nd century BC, Montenegro became part of the , and after at the beginning of the 18th century. One of its most important families became its at that time. its division into Eastern and the Western Empires, it became part of the Eastern Roman Empire, later It was the Petrović Njegoš family, which ruled over Montenegro for more than two centuries. No other named Byzantium. Towards the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 7th centuries, Slavic tribes dynasty in the Balkans lasted this long. The rulers from the Petrović Njegoš family established political started to inhabit the territory of Montenegro. They were the ancestors of the people living in Mon- relations with all the great World Powers – first with (1711), then with (1715) and with tenegro today. In the 9th century the Slavic tribes founded their own state, independent from Byzan- towards the end of the 18th century. tium. Independent Montenegro became a principality in the middle of the 19th century. The Principality of During the , not only was the independent state founded, but also a varied and significant Montenegro was recognized by all world powers at the time – Russia, Austria and France, and the Prince cultural heritage: architectural monuments belonging to the great stylistic epochs (Pre-Romanesque, of Montenegro was received with the highest of honours by the Russian Tsar Nicholas I, the Austrian Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance…), and literary-historical and religious works which followed Emperor Franz Joseph and the French Emperor III. The Principality of Montenegro was of- the modern spirit of the times, and also a way of urban life corresponding to the European tradition. ficially recognized by all great world powers at the Congress of in 1878. After becoming recog- Towards the end of the 15th century, a printing house was started, the first among the South-Slavic nized worldwide, it established official diplomatic relations with many European countries and the USA. countries. During the middle Ages, religious institutions of both the main Christian Churches were Its leader at the time was Prince Nikola Petrović Njegoš, who was the ruler of Montenegro from 1860 to founded on the territory of Montenegro- the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox, and both are active 1910. He took the title of king in 1910 and Montenegro became a kingdom. King Nikola was a European today. The best proof of the harmony of differences that has existed for centuries in Montenegro is in his ideas: he attended primary school in , and then he studied at Louis the Great Lyceum in the phenomenon of churches with two altars – one for the Orthodox Christians and the other for the . He was called “the European father-in-law” because he was connected to the Savoy, the Romanov Catholics. Such churches exist in many places where members of the different Christian faiths live. and the Battenberg through his daughters’ marriages. The took part in the First World War on the side of Triple Entente, and the Like the majority of the Balkan states, Montenegro was also in a tragic position – it lost its inde- war took a great toll in human life and the country was largely devastated. After the First World War, pendence and it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire, which lasted for a Montenegro was no longer an independent country because it became part of the Kingdom of , long time, left Montenegro with another tradition – Islam, so there are many monuments of Islamic and Slovenes () which was founded in1918. Its independence was re-established in architecture and traces of diversified cultural creativity. Since the Ottoman period, Montenegro has 2006, when the majority of its citizens voted for independence in a referendum.

HISTORY LINE

The oldest 990. 1166. 1252. 1494. trace of art – Lipci Prince Vladimir as the The Romanesque art The Monastery of Our The Renaissance heritage Baroque architecture and sovereign of St Tryphon Cathedral Lady’s Assumption in The first printed book appeared painting – , Moraæa (Moraæa Monastery) named “Oktoih, the first voice” Our Lady of the Rocks

1183 - 1186. the district The contemporary of prefect of Raçka Stefan Christianity the Old 1484. Nemanja conquered town of Bar – an olive The Monastery The Oriental heritage Duklja tree over 2000 years old of was built The Husein pasha mosque

8th century BC 6th century BC Year zero 1st century 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century

The remains of the 1089. The capital from the 1493. St cult Roman culture- Duklja The pope Clement III issued a middle Ages, the town The printing bull which raised the bishopric of house of of Duklja (Bar) to the rank of the Crnojeviœ family archbishopric started working Sacral Christian tradition – Monastery From the ancient times until today - The town of The Byzantine cultural 1482. The intersection of influence – a St Elias Cetinje became the civilizations from Moraæa Monastery capital of Montenegro An exhibit from a prehistoric site The birth of a nation / Boljevića, Tološi ( Museum) The art from the period of the Naron Conven- tribes, and the powerful state of the Queen tus, Prevalis and the first centuries of Duklja . Contemporary coins with the names of left trace at the following localities: Crvena the client kings Apollonius, Dirahij and Bala- Stijena near Petrović, Odmut in Komarnica jos are strong testimonials to her power. Her Canyon, Špilja above Perast, Beran Krš power was crushed by the Romans when they near , the rocks of Bioča in Morača established Illyricum, which was later divided Canyon, Mališina Cave and Medena Rock in into two provinces: and . Ćehotina Canyon. The drawings on the rock at Lipci The written began The best place to view the great number of near show deer and dogs, and also hunters. Judging by the through contact with the , who ruled exhibits found on prehistoric sites and the and the geometrical decorations, we over the beauty of the Adriatic coast from the Hellenic habitats is by visiting the museum can conclude that they originate from Silver jewellery from the site of Gostilj, 5th century B. C, and the Greeks. Through collections in all of the coastal towns in the 8th century B. C. It is assumed from the 3rd and the 4th century B. C. (Podgorica Museum) Hecataeus of Miletus (around the year 500 B. Montenegro, but they can also be found in that the rock was a popular place – a C. ) and also through Pseudo-Scylax a little Cetinje, Podgorica, Berane, , and sanctuary under the open sky. later, we have information about the Illyrian others.

Tumul in Vukovići Place, , Podgorica

Golden jewellery – earrings and rings with gems made of glass paste. The jewellery was probably made in Tarantine workshops, from the Hellenistic period, from the 1st to the 2nd century B.C. (Budva Museum)

1697. 1845. 1878. In 2006. Metropolitan Danilo, The Mausoleum on Montenegro was recognized internationally 1910. www.montenegro.travel On 21st May Montenegro reestablished the founder of Lovœen was built in The Montenegro was independence by referendum, and its Petroviœ dynasty Zetski dom, the principal proclaimed kingdom international legal subjectivity was and royal theatre was built confirmed by joining the United Nations

1784. 1834. 1918. Metropolitan The first primary Montenegro joined Petar Petroviœ school and the first the Kingdom of Njegoç came printing house were 1851. 1914. Serbs, Croats to power founded in Cetinje Petar II Petroviœ Njegoç died Montenegro entered the and Slovenes Prince Danilo came to power First World War (Yugoslavia)

17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 21st century

1711. 1847. 1852. 1886. 1905. The Blue Chapel - the last The establishing of ’’’’, Montenegro Montenegro The first earthly dwelling of the Lady political relations between written by Petar Petroviœ was signed the Montenegrin of Philerme Montenegro and Russia Njegoç was printed in proclaimed Concordat was principality with the enacted Vatican 1860. Prince Nikola 1867. 1910. came to power King Nikola’s Palace was The House of the Government built, which is a museum was built – an art and history 1838. today museum today Pero Poæek Biljarda was built – the first royal residence Øuriœ

A beautiful example of a Roman sculpture from the 1st century is the Golden traces of Roman culture realistically shaped head of the Emperor Domitian found in . It bears the characteristics of sculpture of the Flavius type. The most significant findings Komin (Pljevlja) diatreta is a goblet made of transparent colourless glass and a cobalt- belonging to Roman culture are blue web. The inscription on it is of the same colour: VIVAS PANELLENI BONA. those in Duklja (), an It dates back to the 4th and the 5th century BC, and it comes from a famous workshop in urban complex from the time of Cologne. It is one of five diatretas in the world that are preserved to this day. Roman domination, that is the 1st century A.D. It is located on the confluence of the rivers Zeta and Morača, and it was named Amforiskos, Duklja, the after the Illyrian tribe Docleati. middle of the 2nd century B.C. By the middle of the century it had become a municipium. After the division of the Roman Empire, this municipium became The remains of Roman civilisation in Risan which is the oldest settle- the capital of the newly founded ment in the Boka Kotorska. Apart from the God Hypnos, the mosaics province Prevalis. In the 4th on the floor are in geometrical patterns with stylised floral decoration. and the 5th centuries it became a target for barbarians. At the beginning of the 5th century it was devastated by the Goths, and at the beginning of the 6th it was further damaged in an earth- quake. It was finally destroyed by the .

The city had great public build- ings: a triumphal arch, three temples (one for the Goddess Roma and the others for the Goddess Diana), a city bath – a thermae, a palace, two early Christian basilicas and a smaller pre-Romanesque church in the shape of a cross.

Valuable ceramic and glass pots, jewellery, weapons and money have been found in the necropo- lis. It is also assumed that the famous Cup from Podgorica was found in Duklja. Traces of Ro- man civilization are also found in Risan, the oldest settlement in Steœci the Boka Kotorska Bay. It is pos- sible to experience the richness A cross-shaped fibula made of The remains of a culture and the evi- of the items from this period in bronze, a silver heart-shaped dent beauty of the inscriptions made the National Museum of Monte- pendant, a silver jointed fibula on stone blocks by the Bogomiles. negro in Cetinje, in the Museum (1st – 2nd century), a silver Their inscriptions are concise de- of the city of Podgorica, the ring with a red rock (2nd – 4th scriptions of the special way of life collection of stone monuments in century), Komini they led. the Museum, in the Budva In Montenegro, they are most often Museum, the Pljevlja Museum, found in the western mountain area, and so on. on the slopes of Durmitor, Piva, Golija, that were the hiding places of the Bogomiles from their persecutors. The stećci were made in the period from the 12th to the 14th century. A golden pendant, Komini necropolis 1, 1st to 2nd century Duklja (Doclea) was the most significant and the largest urban center founded at the time of the domi- nance of the Romans in Montenegro. The town was founded during the first decade of the 1st century A.D. at the confluence of the rivers Zeta and Morača near Podgorica. It has been a part of World Archeol- ogy since the beginning of the 19th century. www.montenegro.travel The treasure of Byzantine mysticism St Peter’s Church in St Peter’s Church in Bijelo This manuscript is thought Polje, from the 12th century, to be one of the most beauti- “The Raven feeds the prophet Elias” – A fresco from the 13th century, Morača Monastery has been the centre of the ful Cyrillic manuscripts. It diocese since 1254. A Gospel was written on a parchment was written for its patron, the with its initials and miniatures prince of Hum, Miroslav, and painted with vivid colours and it is called Miroslav’s Gospel. gilding.

Moraæa Monastery It was built in 1252 in typical Byzantine style. The frescoes were painted at the same time and the cycle of St Elias on the right A facsimile of Miroslav’s Gospel part of the altar was created. The most famous fresco from the cycle is “The Raven feeds the prophet Elias“. In the rest of the Miroslav’s Gospel scenes on the right part of the altar, the masters of Morača dis- Miroslav’s Gospel is a manuscript from the last quarter of the 12th played their excellence, their sense for sophisticated use of color, century, most probably made in Peter’s Church in Bijelo the lighty emphasised movement, each figure‘s individuality in Polje, for Miroslav, the Prince of Hum. The coloring, especially its shaping. Therefore it is rightly seen as one of the precursors the use of gold, the size of the initial letters and the artistic of the Renaissance. The iconostasis in Morača is one of the most treatment of human, zoomorphic and floral decoration have the beautiful in Southeastern . distinctive features of contemporary Romanesque and Benedictine miniatures from Southern . In the iconographic treatment of the , the influences of Byzantine art are visible. Besides this strong Romanesque influence, which can also be found in the architectural decoration of the reliefs, the miniatures and the paint- ing of the frescoes, another important characteristic is the strong mark of autochthony, which later culminated in the small part of the altar dedicated to Saint Elijah in Morača monastery. The cross of Saint Vladimir of Duklja The legend of Vladimir and Kosara This cross has been kept for The oldest and the most Vladislav decided to destroy centuries as the greatest relic beautiful love story in Mon- him. He lured Vladimir of the Androvići fraternity. tenegrin history is related to to Prespa, sending him a Each year, on Holy Trinity Vladimir, the Prince of Duk- wooden cross as a guarantee Day, it is carried to the top lja. During a war with the of his safety, and then he of mount Rumija, where, Bulgarian Emperor Samuel, killed him. Because Vladi- according to legend, there he was imprisoned in the mir’s cult started to spread, was a church dedicated to the year 998 at the court in Pre- Vladislav allowed Kosara to Madonna. After the church spa. The merciful Emperor’s transport Vladimir’s remains was destroyed, the cross was daughter Kosara went to see to Duklja. In the Prečista found in the remains. The the slaves in the cellar of the Krajinska monastery on the procession which carries the cross respects the custom that During the first centuries of Ottoman domination of Monte- court every day and she fell lake of Skadar, Vladimir each member of the proces- negro, two views of art existed at the same time – the western in love with the beautiful was buried with the wooden sion should bring one stone influence and its baroque area on the coast, and the Byzantine man from Duklja who re- cross. Here, Kosara spent with them, because they iconography and zoographical shaping in orthodox churches and ceived bread and water from her remaining days as a nun believe that the church will monasteries, mostly in the hinderland. Frescoes, icons and wood her. The Emperor’s daughter under the name of Teodora rebuild itself, once there are engravings were the principal artistic outlets of those zoographs persuaded her father to allow and was buried next to her enough stones. and artisans. The paintings on the older buildings which were her to marry the famous pris- husband. The cult of the first Members of the procession damaged by time and vandals have been restored. The richly - oner. Prince Vladimir, when saint from Duklja quickly include people from three graved altars exhibit the standard Byzantine iconography placed back home, became very spread to the neighboring faiths: Orthodox, Catholic there by the painters. They started signing their work, as was the popular with the people and lands – , , and Muslim. case in the coastal area. so Samuel’s heir, Emperor , and beyond. The Saint Peter of Cetinje monument in Podgorica Oktoih, the first voice The Monastery at Cetinje Oktoih, the first voice, was the first printed book from the Printing House of Djuradj Crnojević, printed in January 1494. The monastery was first It was the historically the It is a work which represents the highest achievements of 15th erected by the Crnojevići Metropolitan See of Zeta. century printing. It is decorated with renaissance initials and family in 1482 on Ćipur (the Many stone jewels from the small flags. Out of a relatively large number of copies, 105 space between the Billiard Temple of Ivanbeg were built were preserved. The great number of surviving copies demon- House and the Court) above into the walls and chambers strates the importance of the multiplication of religious books the Cetinja River, whose of the second Monastery on and their spread in conquered areas, where both national and water disappear into the abyss the site, which was built by religious consciousness was endangered. of Cetinje. The Ottomans Prince Danilo from 1701 destroyed it in 1692. It had to 1704. Since then, it has elements of renaissance archi- become the home of Monte- tecture, and one clue of what negrin spirituality, and many it looked like can be found on religious and artistic trea- one engraving in Oktoih. sures.

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Saint Peter of Cetinje Djuro Čajnićanin’s cross, made for the metropolitan Saint Peter of Cetinje, who became the Episcope and the ruler Rufim Boljević of Montenegro at the end of the 18th century, was not canon- - The Monastery in Cetinje ized because of his martyrdom or religious zeal, miracle work- ing or super-human achievements. He was, in fact, the most respected leader of his people and the creator of the modern state Divoç’s Gospel of Montenegro. He was the first in line in war and showed the Divoš’s Gospel is a manuscript, meaning of courage and self-sacrifice. Therefore, his sainthood made around 1350 on the orders is of human origin, and that is why he is the most significant of the Bosnian nobleman Divoš figure in the history of Montenegro and , to whom Tihoradić, in the Manojlo he dedicated his life. He reconciled the different tribes, and his scriptorium. It was discovered in victory over Napoleon’s army in the Boka Kotorska Bay brought 1960 in Saint Nicholas Church him glory as one of the most important European rulers of his in Podvrh near Bijelo Polje. The time. He lived as a monk in the Monastery at Cetinje, where his gospel is decorated with min- remains can still be found today. They are exhibited to the public iatures, initials and little flags on July 12, each year. He created the first legal symbol called the which represent a symbiosis of “Stega”, which had six points, and it was used by the noblemen imaginary floral and zoomorphic to swear to live in peace with each other and protect the country. elements and human characters. He is the most important representative of Montenegrin episto- This remarkably significant lary literature. collection of motifs of medieval The Italian Queen, , daughter of King enlightened art is a combina- Nikola, much loved by the Italian people, will probably be tion of Byzantine ornaments and canonized. In this way, most probably, the Petrović dynasty will Romanesque imaginary beings. have, along with Saint Peter of Cetinje, the Blessed Elena of Sa- It is kept in the treasury of the voy. This is a unique example in the European history of saints Monastery in Cetinje with several and ruling dynasties. other important manuscripts. www.montenegro.travel Interior of the Trinity monastery The initial location of the mon- The Trinity astery was at the source of Piva River. It was moved to its cur- monastery rent location thanks to thorough in Pljevlja architectural and conservational work (1970-1982), when it was Along with the numerous ar- carefully taken apart and then cheological sites in Pljevlja and rebuilt along with its paintings the surrounding area (Gotovuča, (in their original condition) on Kozina, Komine), the Trinity the new site. monastery is of great importance. The church was built at the end It is located above the source of of the 16th century, and it had the Breznica River. The monas- three naves. It was painted at tery was first mentioned in written the beginning of 17th cen- form in 1537. Since the middle tury by the craft of the most of the 19th century, there has significant Byzantine artists of been a school in the monastery. this area (the priest Strahinja The cellar and the narthex of the from Budimlje and Kozma the monastery were painted by the painter, who also painted the priest Strahinja from Budimlje remarkable icons on the richly between 1592 and 1595. In the engraved altar partition). rich treasury of the monastery, a The monastery has a treasury valuable collection of manuscripts with many church religious and books are kept. items and liturgy books. Saint Nicholas Church in Nikoljac

The Saint Nicholas Church in Nikoljac has preserved original frescoes and icons, and iconostasis (all from the 13th century). The door was made in the workshop of the famous family of painters, the Lazovići from Bijelo Polje. The church has a rich treasury with many relics and a library with manuscripts and books. The Saint Nicholas Church in Podvrh served as a scriptorium, where, most probably, the Divoš Gospel manuscript was made. The iconostasis in the church was displayed as a part of the exhibi- tion “Art in Yugoslavia since Prehistoric Times” in Sarajevo and Paris.

The cellar of the monastery where the cycles of Great holidays, Christ’s sufferings and Christ’s miracles are represented. Events from the Iconostasis in the Saint Nicholas life of Saint John the Baptist and other saints are also painted. The frescoes in the cellar were painted by Greek and local artists in 1605/6. monastery in Nikoljac, Bijelo Polje Interior of Savina monastery Savina monastery Praskvica monastery The Savina monastery is located east of Herceg Novi, in an exot- ic grove. It is a complex, which consists of two churches and the The Praskvica monastery was built in the mountains above Sveti monastery’s lodgings. The small Assumption of Mary Church Stefan and Miločer. It was named after a spring whose water was built in 1030, and rebuilt in the 14th century. It is important, tasted of peach (praskva). According to legend, it was founded among other things, because of the frescoes which represent the in the 11th century. The frescoes inside the Trinity church were Great Holidays and Christ’s life. They were painted by the fa- painted in 1680/81, by the painter Radul and his disciple, Dimitri- mous Kotor painter Lovro Dobričević. They are characterized by je. The Saint Nicholas Church was originally built by Balša III in a symbiosis of both Byzantine and Gothich stylistic expression. 1413/1414, but it has been completely altered by later additions. The large church is also dedicated to the Assumption of Mary, and it was built from 1777 to 1799. It was constructed by Nikola Foretić of Korčula. There has a baroque bell-tower which stands out above the church, with wreaths, openings, rosettas and a bal- ustrade. In the rich treasury of the monastery, there are Russian icons, Italo-Creten icons, treaties, framed gospels, a cross made of crystal and fitted in silver and a portrait of the young Peter the Great, brought from Russia in 1831.

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A fresco from Praskvica monastery Dobrilovina monastery

The Dobrilovina monastery was first mentioned in 1592. It is located near , on one of the last free wide spaces by the Tara river. As a symbol of literacy and resistance, it was constantly attacked by the forces of the Ottoman Empire. It was often damaged, but was always repaired. Today, the frescoes represent- ing the Apostles and the Sav- iour in the dome’s calotte are partially preserved. There are plastic ornaments, vines and rosettes in shallow relief. The temple was restored in 1989, when new lodgings were built. www.montenegro.travel Our Lady of Philerme

Three great Christian holy items

Relics In Cetinje, three important relics are kept: the icon of the and cults Our Lady of Philerme, the hand of Saint John the Baptist and a fragment of the Holy Saint Basil the Ostrog monastery, 17th century, Cross. Miracle Worker built in a cliff above the Zeta The relics arrived in Mon- tenegro after centuries of – Ostrog monastery travel, from Jerusalem, where, according to legend, the icon Ostrog monastery is the most had been painted by the Apos- important center of religious tle Luke. It passed through pilgrimage in Montenegro Rhodes and Malta, where it – the sanctuary of Saint Basil belonged to the Chevaliers of Ostrog. The monastery is a of Malta, who received it meeting place for members of from the Turkish Sultan as three different faiths: Ortho- a sign of gratitude. The icon dox, Catholic and Muslim. then arrived in the Russian It was erected by Saint Basil Empire as a gift to the Czar in 1666 beneath the Ostrog from the Grand Master of pillars. According to legend, the Knights Hospitallier, at Saint Basil’s body was found the end of the 18th century. seven years after his death, During the October Revolu- and had not decomposed at all. tion, the Russian Government The coffin with his remains transported it to the west, to has ever since been kept in The Copenhagen and Berlin, and it Presentation of the Blessed was finally given as a present Virgin Mary Church in the Up- to the Karadjordjević family, per monastery, which is tucked where the icon, along with into a natural cave environ- the hand of Saint John the ment. The impressive image Baptist and the fragment of of the monastery in the steep the Holy Cross was kept at the cliffs is a memorable sight. court of the King Aleksandar The Lower monastery with the Karadjordjević. Trinity church, built in 1824, In 1941, when he was flee- The Blue Chapel – the display where Fragment of the lodgings and a seminary, is ing Yugoslavia, King Petar the icon of Our Lady of Philerme is kept. Holy Cross also a sanctuary for pilgrims. II, together with the patriarch Gavrilo Dožić, left it to the Ostrog monastery for safe- keeping. Our Lady of Philerme is ex- hibited in a specially designed display in the National Gal- lery. The hand of Saint John the Baptist and the fragment of the Holy Cross are kept in the treasury of the monastery. This is how, by God’s will, the three relics came to Montene- gro. Oriental heritage www.montenegro.travel Husein-pasha’s Mosque After the Ottoman conquest, various oriental influences appeared, especially in the conquered areas (in towns which were found- Husein-pasha’s Mosque was erected by Husein-pasha Boljanić ed or shaped at the time). In the towns, apart from the universal symbol – the mosque, many other sacral objects were built, as between 1573 and 1594. It is the most beautiful sacral monu- well as examples of secular architecture, such as: clock towers, public baths, bridges, forts, and so on. ment of Islamic architecture in Montenegro with one of the tall- Among the rich collection remaining, these influences are most visible in the hand-written books, clothes and furniture. est minarets in the country. The interior of the mosque and the front are luxuriously painted with ornaments, floral motifs and quotations from the Qur’an. Inside the mosque, various old manuscripts and books in and Turkish are displayed. The most significant one is the hand-written Qur’an (16th century), whose Arabic scripture is decorated with gilt miniatures.

The Redÿepagiœi tower in Plav

This tower is without doubt one of the most interesting examples of residential-defensive architecture in Montenegro. Most probably, it was erected in 1671. According to legend, it originates from the 15th century, and it was built by the descen- dant of Ali-beg Redžepagić to defend Plav from the attacks of the Albanian tribes. Originally, the first two floors had thick walls with observation posts and loop-holes. The third floor – the belvedere, made out of fir-wood, was constructed later.

Quran 16th century,

The in Podgorica

The clock tower from the 18th century, like a lighthouse from the past, displays the image of Podgorica from the period of Ottoman rule

Dome of Husein-pasha’s Mosque in Pljevlja, painted with Persian and Arabic frescoes The coastal cities, treasures of civilization Kotor Saint Luke’s Church, 12th century Kotor is mentioned in written sources as early as the third century BC, as a Greek colony. Livy, Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy all mentioned it as Acruvium. The name Kotor was derived from its later names such as: Decadaron, Decatera, Catarum, Catera and Cathara. Today it is an integral urban entity, a city surrounded by walls, with examples of architecture and decoration belonging to every great Mediterranean stylistic period. Apart from the numerous sacral monuments and examples of exte- rior decoration (even on family houses), there are various palaces, also containing characteristic elements of the great stylistic peri- ods. There is no street in this Mediterranean city where you cannot come across at least one of the hundreds of jewels of Kotor. The medieval architecture and the numerous cultural heritage monuments have made Kotor a part of the UNESCO World Heri- tage List.

The interior of Saint Tryphon Cathedral Saint Tryphon Cathedral

The Saint Tryphon Cathedral was built in 1166, first as a Ro- A window in Kotor manesque basilica with three naves, a dome in the middle and – a detail from the A detail from the ciborium from the Saint Tryphon Cathedral two bell-towers by the western façade. The look of the cathedral gothic façade of the was altered in the reconstructions after various earthquakes in Drago palace, 15th the 16th century, when the interior was given its renaissance-ba- century roque form and lost its dome. After an earthquake (1667), it lost its Romanesque bell-towers, and after the reconstruction, the Medieval town walls cathedral was given its baroque campaniles. After a long period of damage and later reconstruction, the cathedral today bears its original appearance. From the initial paintings (14th century), fragments have been preserved, in the apse and on the top of the arches between the naves. In its rich vault, there are valuable examples of furniture and artwork (easel painting, relics and vo- tive objects and the work of Kotor’s jewelers). Remains of the frescoes in Saint Tryphon Cathedral Perast Our Lady of the Silver votive tablet from the collection in the Our Lady of the Rocks Church Perast is a town facing the tablets and votive embroidery today holds the Perast City cause of this, he was thrown Rocks Church sea at the foot of Sv. Ilija hill. made by a woman from Perast, Museum, was built according from the balcony, so that this Our Lady of the Rocks is the patroness of sailors It is the oldest human settle- Jacinta Mijović Kunić. She to the design of the Venetian building would remain unsur- and fishermen. The church was built in 1630 on ment in the Boka Kotorska worked on the embroidery for architect Giovanni Battista passed. the artificial island made from the stones placed bay, confirmed by the various more than twenty years, wait- Fonte. Legend has it that he Perast has all the characteris- around the rock in the sea, where, according to archeological findings from ing for her loved one to return was executed after the suc- tics of a typical Mediterranean legend, fishermen from Perast found an icon of the , Illyrian, Roman from the sea. Eventually, she cessfully completed task, urban setting: public buildings Our Lady with the Child. The marble altar was and early-Christian periods. became blind. Apart from silk, because he replied positively (Churches, chapels, palaces, made in 1796, by Antonio Capellano, a sculptor According to legend, on July silver and gold threads, she to Bujović’s question as to archbishop’s residence, town from Genoa. It has an icon of the Our Lady of 22, 1452, two fishermen also used her own hair in the whether he could construct a hall, court…) and the typical the Rocks on it, the work of Lovro Dobričević, brothers found an icon of the making of the embroidery. more beautiful building. Be- layout of a coastal settlement. from the 15th century. Madonna on a rock (škrpjel) in In the 17th and 18th century, The walls and the ceiling are covered by canvas the bay in front of Perast. Ever thanks to the efforts of Tripo paintings by Tripo Kokolja, the great baroque since that day, the inhabitants Kokolja, the seafarer Marko painter. of Perast have increased the Martinović taught a number The church also owns a vast collection of vo- surface of the rock, by adding of Russian Boyars the skills tive tablets, with engraved representations of stones to it, and by sinking old of seafaring. They were sent ships protected by the Lady of the Rocks. In the sailing boats. In 1630, they by Peter the Great, on the church’s treasury, there are also exhibits collect- erected the Our Lady of the recommendation of the rulers ed in the area of Perast and its surroundings. On Rocks (Gospa od Škrpjela) of . This was the golden the other small island, the natural one, there is Church on the newly created age of construction in Perast, a Benedictine monastery from the 12th century island. The famous baroque when the palaces of Zmajevići and the Perast cemetery. painter, Tripo Kokolja painted were built, also known as the the paintings in the church at Bishop’s Palace in 1670, and the end of the 17th century. the palaces of Balovići and Blessed Ozana of Kotor Inside the church, there is Smekije. a collection of silver votive The Bujovići Palace, which Blessed Ozana of Kotor was was a skillful embroiderer. a Montenegrin shepherdess All the money she earned who moved to Kotor and serving the Kotor nobility of devoted her life to prayer, the 17th century, she gave to penitence and good deeds. the poor. She is often consid- She spent 44 years living in ered as an apostle of Christian the same room. unity and as the founder of She was respected as a saint the ecumenical movement. by the local people even Her remains are kept in the when she was alive, and she Blessed Ozana Church (Sveta was canonized in 1927. She Marija Kolegijata) in Kotor.

Details from the Church Museum in Perast

Bujovića Palace, which holds the Perast City Museum

Interior of the church The Clock Tower in Nativity of the Virgin Mary Buća Lukovića tower – today the Cultural Center Herceg Novi Herceg Novi, 17th century Church - , Herceg Novi is a city with lush old city center belong to the agriculture, cattle breeding, and Tivat, 18th century exotic vegetation – a botani- cultural heritage of the second olive growing, and there is also cal garden with palm trees and millennium and contain rich an exhibition of icons, mostly eucalyptuses, cypresses, treasuries. by old Kotor painters. agaves, magnolias and mimosa, The city museum is one of the Saint Paraskeva Church in brought to the place by the richest institutions of its kind Mrkovi used to have Herceg Novi captains and sail- in Montenegro. In its botanical both a Catholic and an Ortho- ors from their long voyages. collection, there are over 100 dox altar. The inside of the Today, it is a city of writers and species of Mediterranean and church was painted in 1704, artists. subtropical flowers, as well by Dimitrije Daskal, a painter According to historical sources, as different species of agaves, from Boka Kotorska Bay. The it is around six centuries old. cactuses, aloe, and many oth- parish church in the village of In the centre of the ers. Podi, dating from the end of are buildings from different ep- There is also an impressive the 14th century, is one of the ochs: the Clock Tower (1667), archeological collection with most beautiful monuments of the Kanli Tower (1483), the objects from prehistoric times religious architecture in the Španjola Fortress (1538) and from the area of the city and its entire coastal region. the Forte Mare Fortress (1687). surroundings. In the ethno- Island, with its for- Now, these are all summer logical collection, there are am- tress from the time of Austro- stages for traditional film, mu- phora, old boats and examples Hungarian rule, is also near sic and theater festivals. of folk art, and the tools used in Herceg Novi. The distinguishing feature of the old town are the stairways Archangel Michael Church, 19th century (skaline), which are often very long, difficult to climb and a valuable means of recreation and exercise. Most of the churches in the

Kanli Tower, 15th century

Tivat Saint Roch’s Church – Donja Lastva Although it is considered the youngest town in Boka Kotorska Tivat, 19th century Bay, Tivat has a rich heritage from its archeological sites, most importantly , with the remains of the Benedictine mon- astery of Saint Michael. In the medieval times, the nobility from the Boka Kotorska Bay used to have their summer residences in Tivat. One of the most beautiful buildings is the Buća Lukovića tower, which holds the city’s cultural institutions today. Today, Tivat is a place for recreational sailors, who are present in ever increasing numbers. The interior of Saint Anthony’s Church, 19th century Saint Vitus Church – Gornja Lastva, Tivat, 18th century Saint John’s Church (7th century) and Santa Maria Church (9th century) www.montenegro.travel Budva Ulcinj Old Town walls Ulcinj was founded sometime From 1571 to 1576, the famous Budva is one of the oldest between the 5th and 4th cen- Spanish writer, Miguel de Cer- cities in the coastal region tury BC. Various archeological vantes Saavedra was incarcer- of Montenegro. According findings confirm the presence of ated in the Cita di Dolcino. He to legend, it was founded by Greek architecture, such as the named his heroine Dulcinea after , son of the Phoenician remains of the Cyclops’ walls Ulcinj. Even today, the market king, Agenor. After he was and a stone altar dedicated to the where slaves were sold is called cast out from Thebes, he ar- goddess Artemis. Slaves’ Square or Cervantes’ rived in an ox-cart at the place The oldest mentioned Square. Pirates asked for the on the coast where he founded in Livy’s writings was named largest possible ransom to liber- Budva. Colchinium, and Constantine ate Cervantes, thinking that he Judging by the archeological Porphyrogenitus mentioned it as belonged to the nobility. After remains, the city was founded Helcynio. The name Ulcinj was his family managed to collect in the 6th century BC, and the first found in Papal documents enough money for the ransom, current town walls were built from the 9th century. In the he left Ulcinj after five years. in the 15th century. In the city second half of the 14th century, During the time of Turkish domi- center, a Roman, and a Greek it became a part of the Kingdom nation, Ulcinj became a shelter necropolis have been discov- of Zeta, and in 1396 it became for pirates, and it stayed so, until ered, rich with artifacts – gold the capital of the Balšić family, its liberation and annexation to and silver jewelry, various whose castle still dominates the Montenegro in 1880. glass containers and ceramic old town and is an important The archeological and ethnologi- vases. The lacrimaria from part of the collection of authen- cal exhibits of the rich cultural Budva are especially interest- tic medieval architecture in heritage of the city can be seen ing. They are glass cups used Montenegro. At the end of the in the City Museum, located in to store tears, originating from 17th century , the interpreter of the Old Town. the Roman period from the Talmud, Sabataj Cevi lived in the In the consciousness of con- end of the 3rd century to the city, after converting to Islam, temporary visitors, Ulcinj is re- end of the 5th century. under the name of Mehmed Ef- garded as the easternmost West, The architecture and the spirit fendi. and as the westernmost East. of a characteristic Mediter- ranean city – narrow streets, Balšići Tower, Old Town, Ulcinj, 14th century A view of Ulcinj from the Old Town small squares and sacral monuments: Saint John’s Church from the 7th century, the church of the Benedictine monastery Santa Maria in Punta, from the year 840, and The Holy Trinity Church, all make a single urban treasure and form the stage for many traditional cultural and artistic festivities – Budva, the City of Theatre.

Medieval town walls in Budva Bar The oldest written document wells… Today it is a collec- about Bar, under the name Ani- tion of the remnants and ruins baris, connects this town with of architectural monuments the Greeks. During Roman and stone sculptures of various rule it is mentioned under the styles. A significant part of the name of Antibarum. According Old Town has been restored to some historians, the name and today it is almost attached Bar comes from the Avars and to the new town of Bar. according to others it comes Bar is an important cultural from , the town in Italy. center by tradition. Our first At the end of the 9th century literary work and a work of the town was mentioned for historical importance, the Priest the first time in Slavic docu- Dukljanin’s Chronicle, in the ments under the name of Bar. 12th century was written here. Starting from 1042, the year of The content of this chronicle the victory of Duklja over the is divided into several parts, Byzantine army, near Bar, the and among them the last two town became one of the most bear special importance – The important centers of Duklja and Legend about St Vladimir and then later of Zeta. During king The Duklja Chronicle of the Bodin’s rule, the bishopric of 11th and the 12th centuries. Bar became an archbishopric In addition to its rich cultural in 1089. and ethnographic heritage and The Old town of Bar’s tur- its complex intertwining of bulent history was reflected cultures and religions, Bar is in its architecture – inside its also developing today into a walls there were 240 buildings, center of contemporary art and streets, squares, flights of stairs, cultural events. The walls of the Old town of Bar dating from the middle Ages

The entrance gate to The Old town of Bar

Bar trikonhos

The church (from the 6th century) which is in the center of Bar The Old Olive which is as old as Christianity is a natural monument protected by law since 1963. in the Topolica borough, contains fragments of pre-Roman- It is over 2,000 years old and it is considered to be the oldest tree in Europe. The tree is 10 m in esque decorative stone sculpture and a necropolis. circumference. Legend says that families who had quarreled used to gather together around the olive tree and be reconciled there. Žabljak Crnojevića, a fortified town from the 15th century Ÿabljak Crnojeviœa The Balçiœa Monasteries Žabljak Crnojevića is an impor- tant town-fortress dating from on Skadar Lake the Middle Ages. It was men- tioned for the first time in the The Balšić Dynasty left Mother. It is assumed that the Moračnik Monastery, 15th century 10th century (during the rule of sacral monuments on the older one – a trikonhos with the Vojislavljević dynasty). It islands Starčevo, Bečka and a central dome with a bell was the capital of the Crnojević Moračnik on Skadar lake, tower and a distaff – was built dynasty. In 1478 it was oc- which were famous for at the end of the 14th cen- cupied by the Turks and they their important scriptorium tury. The smaller church was ruled over it until the Congress activities. The oldest monas- built by Jelena Balšić as her of Berlin and the international tery with a church dedicated mausoleum in 1440. Beška recognition of Montenegro. to the resurrection of the Monastery was also known as The most important archi- Holy Mother was built on an important centre of copy- tectural monuments are Ivan Starčevo between 1376 and ing. The famous “Šestodnev Crnojević’s Castle and St 1378. According to legend, its starca Nikona Jerusalimca“ George’s Church. Today construction was connected was written in 1439/40 in its the town is deserted. In the to the life of an old martyr scriptorium, as well as the architectural remains there is Makarije after whom the Gorica’s Almanac in 1441/42. a visible Venetian influence island was initially given the The monastery on Moračnik from the rule of the Crnojević name Starčeva Gorica (The with a smallish trikonhos family and also some orien- Old Man’s Forest), and only church devoted to the Holy tal elements. Today Žabljak later Starčevo. The monastery Mother was mentioned for the Crnojevića is a tourist attrac- Beška Monastery, 15th century Lesendro church is a smallish one-nave first time in 1417. The church tion. building, and apart from it has a central dome, a narthex Lesendro is a fortress on a small island on Skadar Lake. It used to be a strategic location and there- there are residences and ancil- which was added later and fore the reason for many clashes between the Turkish and Montenegrin armies. Today the island is lary facilities. It is surrounded an open portico. There is a connected to the mainland. by a high wall. In front of the residence, a dining room and The view from Lesendro Fortress church there is also the grave a five-floor tower. The monas- of a famous printer from Pod- tery is surrounded by a stone gorica, Božidar Vuković. wall. Icons were painted in all of the churches, and Starčevo The monastery on Beška Monastery has returned to life has an older church devoted after the reconstruction of its to St George and a younger residence. one devoted to the Holy

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Grmožur Fortress, 19th century CETINJE – the old capital of Montenegro The State Museum Cetinje, the city – museum – Diplomatic Salon Cetinje was the capital of Montenegro established by the The collection of monuments The remains of Crnojevića construction by Ivan Crnojević and buildings or items in the Monastery can be found on the of a Monastery and a Castle in national museums’ treasur- so-called Ćipur, between the 1482. He preserved these sanc- ies: the State Museum (King Monastery of Cetinje, Biljarda tuaries of Montenegrin state- Nikola’s Castle), Njegoš’s Mu- and King Nikola’s Court. building and spirituality in the seum (Biljarda), The Museum It was constructed by Ivan hills of Cetinje. In the Church of Ethnography (Serbian Em- Crnojević in 1484 as the resi- of the Holy Mother of Cetinje bassy), The Museum of Mon- dence of the Zeta Metropoli- Monastery the holy remains tenegrin History (Government tanate. Today, on one part of of St Peter of Cetinje are kept. House), The Art Museum of its remains there is the Court Apart from religious relics of Montenegro (the Government Church (Dvorska crkva) built the greatest significance- the House), the Blue Castle, The by King Nikola. King Nikola right hand of John the Baptist Court Archive, the library. In and Queen Milena’s remains The Ethnographic Museum – Traditional attire and fragments of the Holy this complex there is also the were buried here after having Cross, in the monastery trea- Relief of Montenegro, Dado been brought from San Remo sury there are also handwritten Cetinje – Njegoç Street Atelier and Njegoš birthplace to Cetinje in 1989. books, incunabulum, crosses, in Njeguši. panagias and priests’ and bish- The monument to Bishop ops’ vestments. The oldest buildings belong- Danilo Petrović on the orders ing to the rich architectural of the Italian Queen Jelena, The Residences and embassies heritage of Cetinje are Vlaška King Nikola’s daughter, was of the leading world pow- Church, Crnojevića Monastery built on Orlov Krš. This was ers from the end of the 19th and . once one of the fortifications and the beginning of the 20th of Ivan Crnojević. centuries were later turned into cultural institutions, educa- tional buildings and museums containing the most important relics and artifacts found in Montenegro. In addition to the numerous museums and the great collection of the cultural treasures of Montene- gro, Cetinje is the only city in Europe that is included in the territory of two national parks – Lovćen and Skadar Lake.

The French Embassy (19th century)

The on Ćipur bears the coats of arms of Ivan Crnjević’ and the last king of Montenegro, Nikola and his wife Queen Milena Lovœen The Mausoleum of Petar II monumental statue of Njegoš Petrović Njegoš on Lovćen which is 3.74m tall inside. The was built and designed by the remains of the great Monte- sculptor Ivan Meštrović in negrin poet and sovereign are 1947 on Jezerski Peak (1657 placed in a separately deco- m high). It is 37 m long, 15.5 rated crypt. The mausoleum m wide and 11m high. It is complex is finished with a built of granite, with two cary- threshing floor (gumno) which atids of Montenegrin women has a view of the sea, Skadar in folk costumes, placed at Lake and the mountainous the entrance. There is also a interior of Montenegro. www.montenegro.travel King Nikola with his family

Contemporary art Pero Poček -“The threshing” King Nikola was one of the most in Podgorica, in the Modern Gallery prolific Montenegrin writers, but he in Budva, in the Gallery “Josip Bepo held in special esteem the visual arts. Benković” in Herceg Novi, among During his reign, the Montenegrin others. Among the institutions of court became a favorite place of special importance for the develop- many foreign artists, such as Jaroslav ment of Montenegrin culture today, Čermak, Teodor Valerio, Ežen Ronža, a special place belongs to The Royal Vlaho Bukovac, Celestin Medović, Theatre, the Zeta Centre and The Paja Jovanović, Ivan Rendić and Central National Library in Cetinje, in others who came there to create. The the building formerly of the Legate of King financially supported Montene- The and the build- grin young men while they studied ing that was the French Embassy. at European art academies. The most Details from a important among them were the The most important center of cultural performance of The Royal family of Montenegro impressionists Pero Poček and Đoko development in the country today is “A dream about Popović who helped incorporate Podgorica. The dynamic life of its Saint Peter Nikola, the Prince – King of Montenegro suc- Nikolayevich Romanov, and Anastasija – Stana, Montenegrin painting into contem- visual arts is developed through The of Cetinje” ceeded to the throne as a twenty-year-old. He who married the Duke of Leuchtenberg, Đorđe porary European artistic trends. The Center of Contemporary Art, based in had nine daughters and three sons with his wife, Maksimilijanović Romanovski. After divorce, tradition of educating our young talent the former residence of the Monte- Princess – Queen Milena. For a while the king Anastasia married again to the Grand Duke abroad continued after the country negrin Prince Mirko, in an exhibition intended to build a monastery on the island of of Russia Nicholas Nikolayevich Romanov. of Montenegro ceased to exist. They hall belonging to the Association of Grmožur on Skadar Lake for his daughters, the Jelena (Helena) became the Queen of Italy by mostly went to Paris, and came back Artists of Montenegro. Apart from princesses of Montenegro. On the other hand marrying Victor Emmanuel the Third. Ana was with a great reputation. Among them this, many art collections belonging their beauty, charm and education brought married to Franz Joseph, the Prince of Bat- were , Milo Milunović, to the nonaligned countries and the them to the attention of many courts, so in turn tenberg. Princesses Ksenija and Vjera did not Risto Stijović. A similar thing hap- Montenegrin art collection from the they all became leading ladies and important get married, Marija died as a fourteen-year-old pened after the Second World War 20th century are kept at the Court in persons in European royal courts by marriage. pupil in Russia, and Princess Sofija died as when Montenegrin visual art became Cetinje. This gave King Nikola the title of the European a three-month –old baby. King Nikola’s son, the leading cultural activity here with father-in-law. Danilo the Second was married to the Duch- the artists like Dado, Vojo Stanić, Filo, The best reflection of the contempo- ess of -Strelitz, Augusta Jutta, and Dimitrije Popović. rary arts in Podgorica is The National Theatre of Montenegro (CNP) which First Princess Ljubica (also known as Zorka) who was renamed Milica Jutta after converting The queen of Italy, Elena of The best collection of Montenegrin was founded in 1953. Apart from married Petar Karađorđević the First, who to Orthodox Christianity. Petar was married Savoy – daughter of king Nikola later became king of (the Kingdom of to Violet Wegner (who was named Ljubica visual art can be found in The Mu- current theatrical events, this modern Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). After her, two Wegner after converting to Orthodox Christian- seum of Montenegrin Art in Cetinje, building also offers a rich musical Dado Đurić princesses went to the Russian court: Milica, ity) and Mirko married a Serbian noblewoman in The Centre for Contemporary Art repertoire. –“The mischievous who married the Grand Prince of Russia, Peter Natalija Konstantinović. girls” www.montenegro.travel The intertwining of various cultures The village of , Crnica, Bar and an authentic folk tradition

The interior of an old Montenegrin house

Architecture, the culture of everyday life, household fur- niture, folk costumes, jewelry, weapons, decorations…are part of the precious ethno- graphic heritage. This heritage is witness to the centuries long coexistence of various cultures on the territory of Montenegro. A threshing floor, called a guvno or gumno

A Guvno is a circular piece of land covered in rocks and sur- rounded by a low wall. It was used for agriculture during the season of working in the fields or during threshing, and outside the season it had a social role. That secondary, social signifi- cance of the gumno is in one part of Montenegro reflected in the function of the agora, a place for community meetings and sometimes of key events such as the taking of the oath by an army before a battle, social gatherings, funeral rituals, etc. Sometimes people went to the gumno to sing and dance in win- ter especially under the moonlight in the coastal area.

The architecture can mostly be divided into three zones, depending on the material used. The buildings made of stone, of the so-called marine type, were constructed on the coastal zone and in the hinterland. As for the con- tinental part, the left bank of the was dominated by log-cabins and the right side was dominated by various types of houses: log-houses, “bonducara”, and other stone buildings. The best presentation of Montenegrin folk art can be found in The Mu- seum of Ethnography of Montenegro, The State Museum on Cetinje and The Marine Museum in Kotor. There are also museums that have ethno- Olive mill graphic collections with elements of the material and spiritual culture from this land. Katun

Distaff and wooden vessels A special part of Montenegrin national expression are the cer- emonial folk costumes of both On the other side, an inevitable men and women. They were part of women’s folk costumes home-made in workrooms were woven belts, jakićari and and were made of textile with čemeri, forged or made using various decorations, mostly filigree techniques. They were imported. They were always made in goldsmiths’ shops in treated as valuable objects Kotor and Skadar. There are a throughout a lifetime, just like few other special types of folk the weapons which formed an costumes in Montenegro: the important part of them. In this old costumes, Boka costumes country always threatened by (similar to the Montenegrin invasion, a country fortified type), šestanska (the neigh- for war, weapons were always bourhood of Skadar Lake), the a symbol of life and a symbol Muslim type and the Malisor of freedom, and their beauty type. was often taken as a sign of dignity.

Part of the male and female festive Montenegrin folk costumes Montenegrin folk costumes a red džamadan with or belt for carrying weapons long silk skirt, a light-green are luxurious, elegant and rich without sleeves, light-green and a long silk belt – trombo- corset, stockings and opanak. A dolman, a part of the in golden threads. They were fur pullover (gunj) or a dark los. A cap with a black edge On their heads girls wore a cap A chest Muslim female traditional attire made of imported materials green dolman and a bright red (deravija) and a red patch (te- with golden embroidery and and treated as family treasure. richly decorated tassel. Over pelak) was decorated with the women wore a multicolored “Djupeleta” – Albanian female attire Men’s costumes consisted the fur pullover called a gunj, Montenegrin coat of arms with or a black scarf. Around their A Muslim female hat of a white shirt, wide blue men used to wear a sleeveless golden threads, the owner’s waist they wore a silvered or pants, blue long stockings, jacket called a jelek with or initials or other symbols. a gilded belt – ćemer, mostly overshoes, opanak (Balkan without silver buttons. Around Women’s clothes consisted made in the form of filigree. moccasins made of leather), the waist they wore a leather of a silk embroidered shirt, a A female belt (“cemer”)

Old Montenegrin Part of the personal www.montenegro.travel Montenegrin weapons weapons In the museum collections of Mon- tenegro there are plenty of examples of weapons taken as war-booty from various battles against the Turks. The favorite weapons of Montenegrin soldiers were long rifles – džeferdari, guns – kubure and long knives – jatagani. Apart from those from the Ottoman Empire, these weapons were also made in workrooms on the Coast and in . Guns or small rifles, as they were sometimes called, were specially decorated mostly with silver filigree. Among the guns used, the most valuable were the so-called ledenice (icicles) which were made in Coastal workrooms. Members of the chivalry carried long knives – jata- Silver buttons – part of the attire gani and sabers. Traditional celebrations, , Façinada The Fašinada is a traditional Rocks Church is placed. Ac- Theatre under the open sky... celebration in Perast which is cording to custom, the boats are held every year on July 22 as a decorated with greenery and remembrance of the year 1452 filled with rocks and they start and the day when The Icon of from the east side of Perast, Our Lady was found on the and following a centuries’ old sea rocks. Believers, especially protocol: the priest, the mayor older men, bring old stones and the honorable citizens are in their boats and throw them in the first boat. The believers into the sea to fortify the island sing the old songs from Perast which occupies a surface of – the bugarštice. The Fašinada three thousand square meters ends with the throwing of the and where the Our Lady of the stones into the sea.

The Rolling Stones’ concert in Boka Marine Wheel Dance 2007 at the - Budva Boka Marine, the organized old fashioned weapons. This principal layer of the wheel marine brotherhood, is dance has all the elements of dance is ritual and sacral. The mentioned for the first time Middle Ages symbolism. It second one is newer, secular in documents from the 14th was originally performed on and it was founded under century, and its oldest Statute February 3, the day of the pa- the influence of the life of existing today is from the tron saint of the town, St Val- the sailors. Only men dance. 15th century. With the help of entine. Today, according to a The figures are connected to these kinds of brotherhoods new Boka Marine Statute, the wedding dances and fertility the cities in the Mediterra- day of celebration is the date rituals. Its ancient symbolism nean protected the interests of of the announcement of the is the renewal of life, going their people and helped each oldest existing Statute, June down into the darkness and other in feudal communes 26 1463. The dance consists stepping out again into the in the Middle Ages. The of a number of figures which light. The dance is performed Boka Marine wheel dance is have all the characteristics of on the square, in front of St performed to this day; people ancient symbolism and history. Valentine’s Cathedral. wear traditional costumes with The first, the oldest and the

Bokeljska Noć (The Boka Night) is they are dedicated to this saint, held every August on the coast of the of Kotor and a Kotor. People join in a procession saint whose relics are kept in the and compete with each other in the Cathedral. This celebration consists beauty of their boats for the prize of of church choirs, local town music, Bokeljska Noć. The walk starts at the Boka marine and folkdance Muo and ends with the announce- groups. ment of the winner and fireworks above the town walls. The summer Camellia days take place in March celebration lasts until dawn. in Stoliv near Kotor in honor of this flower. Apart from Stoliv, other Carnivals are held during February, places near Kotor organize flower and they begin with fancy dress exhibitions, art exhibitions and balls in all the bigger places on the theatrical performances. Boka Kotorska Bay. The central part of the procession is the Carni- Shooting a Rooster is connected to val, a figure which is destroyed by the repelling of a Turkish invasion being set on fire to atone for all the of Perast in 1654. The competi- evils of the previous year. tion of shooting a rooster on an anchored board placed around 300 The Celebrations of St Valentine meters away from the coast takes are also religious in character, and place every March 13. www.montenegro.travel Modern gallery HUSEIN – PAÇA’S MOSQUE MUSEUM TOUR GUIDE Address: Cara Dušana Street 15, Address: Vuka Kneževića Street 4 THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Stari grad (The Old Town) 84 210 Pljevlja OF MONTENEGRO 85310 Budva Tel. 089 32 35 09, 069 08 64 49 Address: Novice Cerovića Street 7 Tel. 086 45 13 43 Visits are organized by telephone 81250 Cetinje Open to visitors in winter from 8 Free Entrance Tel: 086 23 03 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. and from 4 p.m. to HOMECOUNTRY MUSE- Open to visitors every day from 9 7 p.m.; on Saturdays from 4 p.m. UMS AND ART GALLERY a.m. to 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.; closed on Sundays; in Josip Bepo Benkoviœ Ticket price: 3€ for each museum, CONTEMPORARY summer from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. and HERCEG NOVI 1.50€ for pupils and students; ART CENTER CULTURE CENTER from 4 p.m. to 12 p.m. joint ticket is 5€ Address: Petrovića Court, Address: Muzej – Mirka Free Entrance Kruševac bb Home country Museum Komnenovića Street No. 9 The Museum of the 81000 Podgorica Address: Vaka Đurovića without THE COLLECTION OF 85340 Herceg Novi The Museum of Njegoç Tel: 088 32 24 85 History of Montenegro Tel: 081 22 50 43 number STONE MONUMENTS THE CENTER FOR Address: King Nikola Open for visitors in winter from 9 Address: Novice Cerovića Street Open to visitors from 9 a.m. to 2 81 410 Danilovgrad Address: Stari grad 313 CULTURAL ACTIVITIES Square, Biljarda a.m. to 6 p.m.; closed on Sundays; 7, Government House p.m. and from 4 p.m. to 9 p.m.; On Tel. 081 81 26 29 85330 Kotor Vojislav Bulatoviœ Strunjo, 81250 Cetinje Open in summer from 9 a.m. to 81250 Cetinje Saturdays from 3 p.m. to 9 p.m. Open to visits every day from 8 Open to visitors BIJELO POLJE Tel: 086 23 03 10 8 p.m. Tel: 086 23 03 10 Closed on Sundays a.m. to 3 p.m. Ticket price: 1.5€; for children The home country museum Open to visitors every day from 9 Gallery – Marka Vojnovića No.4 Open to visitors every day from Entrance Free 0.50€; group tickets 1€ Address: Radnička Street bb a.m. to 5 p.m. Gallery Center Tel: 088 32 40 51 THE CULTURE 9a.m. to 5 p.m. CENTER OF BAR 84000 Bijelo Polje Ticket price: 3€; 1.50€ for pupils Address: Njegoševa 2 ST VALENTINE’S Open to visitors in winter from 9 Ticket price: 3€; 1.50€ for pupils Tel/fax: 084 43 17 22 and students 81000 Podgorica CATHEDRAL a.m. to 6 p.m.; closed on Sundays; The home country Museum and students Address: Šetalište kralja Nikole Open to visitors from 8 a.m. to Tel: 081 66 54 09 Address: Stari grad 336 open in summer from 9 a.m. to 85000 Bar 4 p.m.; closed on Saturdays and Njegoç`s House of Open to visitors from 9 a.m. to 2 85330 Kotor 8 p.m. Tel: 085 31 40 79 Sundays Birth on Njeguçi p.m. and from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. on Tel: 082 32 23 15 Ticket price: 1.50€, free for chil- Open to visitors every day from Ticket price: 1€, for children Address: Njeguši Saturdays from 3 p.m. to 9 p.m.; Open to visitors: from April 1 dren and for the pupils from local 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. and from 6 p.m. 0.50€ Open to visitors every day from 9 Closed on Sundays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.; from June 1 schools to 8 p.m. In the museum collection there a.m. to 5 p.m. Entrance Free MARINE MUSEUM from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. THE CULTURE Ticket price: 1€, for children 0.50€ are the chosen works of paint- The Museum of Marko Address: Bokeljska mornarica Ticket price: 1€; free for children CENTER TIVAT ers from the Bijelo Polje family, The Art Museum Miljanov on Square No. 391 THE CULTURE Lazović. Museum collection and gallery of Montenegro Address: Medun 85330 Kotor GOSPA OD ÇKRPJELA CENTER IN ULCINJ Address: Nikole Đurkovića No. 10 Address: Novice Cerovića Street Tel: 081 24 25 43 Tel: 082 30 47 20 Address: Our Lady of the Rocks The home country museum POLIMSKI MUSEUM, Tivat 7, Government House Open only for pre-arranged visits Open to visits from October 15 to Island - 85336 Perast Address: Stari grad BERANE Tel: 082 67 45 91 81250 Cetinje Ticket price: 1€, for children May 15 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Tel: 069 01 36 78 85360 Ulcinj Address: Miloša Maličića 3 Open to visitors from 8 a.m. to 1 Tel/fax: 086 23 03 10 0.50€, for groups of children (On Saturdays, Sundays and state Open to visitors every day from 7 Tel: 085 42 14 19 84300 Berane p.m. and from Open to visitors every day from 9 (more than 20) 0.20€ holidays from 9 a.m. to 12 a.m.); a.m. to 7 p.m. Open to visitors in summer from Tel: 087 23 42 76 The Museum 4 p.m. to 9 p.m.; open on Sat- a.m. to 5 p.m. From May 15 to July 1 and from Ticket price: 1€ (without trans- 7 a.m. to 12 a.m. and from 3 p.m. Open to visitors: of King Nikola MUSEUMS AND urdays from 9 a.m. to 12 a.m.; Ticket price: 3€; 1.50€ for pupils September 1 to October 15 from 8 port) to 8 p.m.; in winter from 7 a.m. Ticket price: Address: King Nikola Square, closed on Sundays; in summer and students GALLERIES OF a.m. to 6 p.m. to 2 p.m. King Nikola I Court from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 7 PODGORICA, PODGORICA (On Saturdays, Sundays and state ST NICHOLAS Ticket price: 1€ 81250 Cetinje Address: Street holidays from 9 a.m. to 12 a.m.); CHURCH IN PERAST p.m. to 12 p.m. every day. pIVA MONASTERY Tel: 086 23 05 55 No. 4 From July1 to August 31 open Address: Saint Nicholas Square Free Entrance Address: Plužine Open to visitors every day from 9 81000 Podgorica every day from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. 85336 Perast 81435 Plužine a.m. to 5 p.m. Tel: 081 24 25 43 and from 6 p.m. to 11 p.m. Tel: 082 32 23 15 Tel/fax: 083 27 19 16 Ticket price: 3€; 1.50€ for pupils Open to visitors from 12 a.m. to Ticket price: 2€, group ticket (15 Open to visitors every day from 8 and students Open to visitors: permanently The Museum of 8 p.m., Saturdays and Sundays persons) and children 1€ a.m. to 6 p.m. Free entrance Ethnography from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.; closed on Ticket price: 0.50€ THE MONASTERY of Montenegro Mondays AT CETINJE THE HOMECOUNTRY Address: King Nikola Square, Ticket price: 1€, for children MUSEUM OF PLJEVLJA Address: The Monastery at building of the former Serbian 0.50€ for groups of children Cetinje treasury Address: 13 July Square embassy (more than 20) 0.20€ 81250 Cetinje 84210 Pljevlja 81250 Cetinje Tel: 086 23 10 21 Tel: 089 32 20 02 Tel/fax: 086 23 03 10 THE MUSEUMS, Open to visitors every day from 8 Does not have a permanent exhi- Open to visitors every day from 9 GALLERIES AND a.m. to 6 p.m. bition, during thematic exhibitions a.m. to 5 p.m. KOTOR MUSEUMS THE LIBRARY OF BUDVA Ticket price: 2€ Open to visitors from 11 a.m. to 2 Ticket price: 3€; 1.50€ for pupils The museum of the town of Perast Address: I Petrovića Street 11 p.m. and from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. Stari grad (The Old Town) and students Address: Marka Martinovića Free Entrance THE HOMECOUNTRY THE NATURAL MUSEUM 85310 Budva Coast bb MUSEUM Ganiœa tower, The Relief Map Address: Duke Bećir beg’s Square Tel. 086 45 33 08 HOLY TRINITY MUSEUM THE CULTURE 85336 Perast ROŸAJE of Montenegro Osmanagića Street 16 Open to visitors in winter from NEAR PLJEVLJA CENTER OF NIKÇIŒ Tel: 082 37 35 19 SAVINA MONASTERY Address: King Nikola Square 81000 Podgorica Open for visitors in winter from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.; on Saturdays Address: The Holy Trinity Mon- Home country museum Address: Manastirska Street 21 Address: Trg IX crnogorske 81250 Cetinje Tel: 081 63 31 84 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., from April to the and Sundays from 10 a.m. to 5 astery treasury Address: Trg Šaka Petrovića 85340 Herceg Novi brigade bb Tel/fax: 086 23 03 10 Does not have a permanent end of October from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m.; during the summer season 84210 Pljevlja Street without number Tel: 088 34 53 00 84310 Rožaje Open to visitors every day from 9 exhibition p.m. from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.; closed on Tel: 089 32 50 25 81400 Nikšić Open to visitors every day from 6 Tel: 067 50 39 15 a.m. to 5 p.m. Open from 9 a.m. to 12 a.m.; Ticket price: 2€; group tick- Mondays Visits are organized through a Tel: 083 21 29 68 a.m. to 8 p.m. Does not have a permanent Ticket price: 3€; 1.50€ for pupils Closed on Saturdays and Sundays ets 1.50€; for children 1€ Ticket price: 1.50€, group tickets telephone call in advance, Open for visitors: Ticket price: Free entrance exhibition and students Entrance Free 1€, tickets for children 0.50€ Ticket price: 0.50€ THE CALENDAR OF CULTURAL, PJESMA MEDITERANA (THE SONG OF THE MEDITERRANEAN) The international pop festival which takes place in Budva. It promotes and presents, the latest GASTRONOMIC AND TRADITIONAL EVENTS June pop trends, the new music stars, “star” nights and summer hits.

y Entertainment, sports and cultural events in winter centers Žabljak, Kolašin, Nikšić –Vučje, BOKA NAVY DAY in Kotor Bijelo Polje, Cetinje Like the majority of organizations dating from the middle Ages, the Boka Navy has kept its tradition, legends and the memory of the days of glory and social gatherings. The legend says

Januar that sailors from Kotor were there on January 13 in the year 809 when the ship carrying Saint Valentine’s relics anchored in the town and that they then danced for the first time their famous

y THE CELEBRATION OF MIMOSA dance (The Saint Valentine’s wheel dance) The celebration in honor of the first spring flower, mimosa, takes place in Herceg Novi, , Baošići, Đenovići and Kumbor. It includes; a fishing festival, masked balls, carnivals, literary THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL FOLKLORE FESTIVAL in Budva evenings, exhibitions of paintings, flower exhibitions, mimosa picking, sports tournaments and The Festival has around 400 participants. It starts with a procession by folklore troupes from ebruar

F visits to other towns. around ten European countries. During the festival night, all the ensembles demonstrate their skills, the richness of their clothes and the folk dances from their countries. MASKED BALLS AND CARNIVALS There are carnivals in February in Kotor, Tivat and Herceg Novi for both children and adults. THE CITY SUMMERS OF CULTURE in TIVAT, BAR, ULCINJ, The traditional festivals of Boka cuisine, musical concerts, theatrical performances and the final PODGORICA, DANILOVGRAD, BERANE, NIKŠIĆ processions with the burning of the “” Within these summer events many exhibitions are held, book promotions, theatrical performanc- es, pop concerts and folklore festivals. „BOKELJSKA NIGHT“ The traditional yearly celebration of the “Boka Navy”. An entertaining night of dancing, THE CONTEMPORARY MONTENEGRIN SCULPTURE EXHIBITION in Danilovgrad playing music and other cultural activities. The art colony in Danilovgrad, a settlement on the Bjelopavlićka plain has for a number of years been the central gathering point of Montenegrin sculptors and the place to be for people who follow the latest trends in modern art. CAMELLIA DAYS in Boka In honor of this flower a flower exhibition is held, a camellia ball with the choosing of the lady

arch of camellia in Stoliv… M

y SUNČANE SKALE in Herceg Novi The International pop festival which takes place on the summer stage Kanli Tower. It lasts for three evenings: the first evening – The „PRINCE’S Jul PRIZES“(the awards for the best entries of the previous year), the second night - „THE NEW STARS“(a competition of new and young singers) and the third night - „THE SUMMER HAPS (April Theatrical Festival in Herceg Novi) SONG“(a competition for famous singers and songwriters from this country and abroad)

ril April Theatrical Festival in Herceg Novi, a festival which was founded as a Festival of amateur

Ap theatre 11 years ago, and today it also includes professional theatre from countries in the region. THE INTERNATIONAL FASHION FESTIVAL in Kotor A three-day-long fashion week with fashion shows by famous designers from around the world

BUDVA GRAD TEATAR (BUDVA TOWN THEATRE) The most important summer arts festival. Theatrical performances, concerts of classical music, ballet, choir evenings, book and poetry evenings, painting exhibitions – an international festivals

y THE SPRING NIGHT UNDER MASKS – A carnival ON THE that takes place in July and August. a The state competition of majorettes and the grand Carnival start with the Abrum, an invitation M to the masking and the carnival. The celebration ends with fireworks, a musical concert and DAYS OF MUSIC in Herceg Novi celebrations on the streets of the Old Town of Budva. The international children’s festival takes The international festival of music, one of the oldest festivals in Montenegro, it has been taking place on the last day of the Carnival. place in Herceg Novi since 1983. At the beginning it was a classical music festival where young musicians presented their work from the whole of former Yugoslavia. The Festival has flourished SHOOTING A ROOSTER in the last 4 years. The festival’s director is BORIS KRALJEVIĆ, a famous pianist and teacher This is a traditional celebration of the liberation of Perast from the Turks in 1654 in both a fes- of music. tive and symbolic way. According to custom, a floating rooster is put at a distance from the coast as the symbol of the fight against the enemy – which attacked the town in that year. By CHILDREN’S THEATER FESTIVAL in Kotor tradition the first ones to shoot at the rooster are sailors from the Boka Navy. The one who shoots A festival of children’s puppet-shows and performances from home and abroad. It has been tak- the rooster gets the winner’s sash and a little barrel of red wine to share with the others. ing place for the last 15 years.

ŽUĆENICA FEST in Tivat A gastronomic festival in Tivat with Boka food. Dishes are pre- pared with the herb žućenica (wild lettuce). The central event is called „Pjat od žućenice“(“A THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL MUSIC AND ART FESTIVAL dish with žućenica”) which takes place in May when women from Tivat prepare the old and – ARS ET MUSICA ANTIQUA in Kotor and Perast invent new recipes of dishes with žućenica. In the evening there is a celebration and a tasting of A festival of classical music which is organized by the NGO Kotor art. It starts in the middle of the dishes. July and lasts until the middle of August. www.montenegro.travel August July THE INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL OF TAMBURITZA ORCHESTRAS An international gatheringofarttroupeswith arichconcertprogram. FOLKLORE FESTIVAL inCetinje program consistsoftwoevenings. A traditional,folk singing-groupfestivalthathasbeentakingplaceformany years. The festival’s THE INTERNATIONAL SINGING-GROUP FESTIVAL inPerast in different locationsintheOld Town therearealsomanyeducationalprograms. It gatherstogethereminentmusiciansfromallovertheworld andapartfromaseriesofconcerts A classicalmusicfestivalwhichstartsinthemiddleifJulyandlastsuntilof August. Kotor such asRambo Amadeus and Vlatko Stefanovski. famous guitarists,buteveryyearanewformofplayingclassical musicisincluded,withguests already consideredtobewell-organized andwell-attended. This isaclassicalmusic festivalby The guitarsummerfestivalinHercegNovihasbeentaking placeforthelastthreeyearsanditis GUITAR SUMMERFESTIVAL inHerceg Novi name THE HERCEGNOVIFILMFESTIVAL tions, mostlythoseofname,andduringthelastfewyearsithasbeentakingplaceunderasimple GOSLAVIA, atthebeginningofninthdecadelastcenturyithashadmanytransforma Tower for21years.Itwasfoundedin1987as THE FESTIVAL OFFILMDIRECTIONIN YU- An internationalmoviefestivalwhichhasbeentakingplaceontheSummerstageofKanli MOVIE FESTIVAL INHERCEGNOVI This eventcomesfromanold Venetian custom. boat’s decoration. After announcingthewinnercelebrationcontinuesontownsquares. mination andfireworks. A jurymarkstheimagination,artisticvalueandmessageofeach Bokeljska noćinwhichdecoratedboatssailalongtheportofKotorfollowedbyreflectors,illu BOKELJSKA NOĆinKotor through DonjaLastva. A MassforthepeopleofLastovoandentireBoka. Religious andtraditionaleventsoftheCatholiccommunity;carryingStRoch’ LASTOVSKE FEŠTE– THE FESTIVAL OF ST ROCHin Tivat After theprocessioncarnivalmovestoOld Town andlastsuntilmorning. August. The summercarnivalisinternationalincharacteranditvisitedbyover30,000people. A traditionaleventinKotortakingplaceonthelastweekendofJulyoratbeginning THE INTERNATIONAL SUMMERCARNIVAL inKotor G book nightsandconcerts. tival hasbeenpresentedincludingthefollowing:theatricalperformances,visualartsexhibitions, A theatrical,poetryandvisualartsfestival.From 1988duringJulyand August amultimediafes BARSKI LJETOPIS (THE CHRONICLEOF BAR) diversity. Itdisplaysthetheatricaltraditionof„Mediterranean“culturalheritage. A festivalwhichpromotesandfostersMediterranean expression,thewayoflifeandtheatrical MEDITERRANEAN THEATRE FESTIVAL “PURGATORIJE” in Tivat island. Inthisprocession,whichtakesplaceduringsunset,onlymentakepart. izes theisland’s origin. The localpeoplecarrystonesintheirboatsandthrowthemaroundthe A ritualprocessionofboatsaroundtheOurLady oftheRocksIslandnearPerast,whichsymbol THE FAŠINADA inPerast An internationalclassicalmusicevent. The festivalisdesignedasacompetitioninthreecatego teach youngtalent. ries, thenthereisaseriesofconcertsandfinallyareseminarsinwhichfamousguitarists uitar ART S art - DonBranko’s daysofmusicinKotor ummer

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December November October September Locations: HercegNovi,Kotor, Budva,Podgorica,Bar, Nikšić,Kolašin squares. The traditionalNewyearcelebrationswithconcertsbyfamousstarsandfireworksontown NEW YEAR CELEBRATIONS ON TOWN SQUARES Crmnicko wine. Entertainment andtraditionaleventsareheldinhonorofSkadarLake,itsfishthefamous WINE AND BLEAK(UKLJEVA) FESTIVAL in The exhibitionalsocontainsfolkcostumesandaculturalprogram. A festivaldedicatedtoolives–inwhicholiveoilandcitrusfruitsmanufacturersgathertogether. MASLINIJADA (OLIVEFESTIVAL) inBar Middle Ages –traditionaldishesarepresented An eventwhichbringsbackthememoryofgreatestMarketplaceinregionduring RIJEKA MARKET PLACE preparing dessertswithchestnuts. A Traditional gastronomiceventinwhichwomenfromKotorandStolivpresenttheirskills CHESTNUT FESTIVAL inStoliv groups fromMontenegroandtheregion. teau andlittlesquaresintheOld Town withthesoundsofmusicBudva,featuringsinging A traditionalfolkcelebrationwithfishandwine onthefirstSaturdayofOctobermainpla DAY OF ŠIRUNinBudva this institutionmakesitapartoftheEuropeanandworldartcolonyfamily with ofvariouspoeticaltypesandgenerationshavebeenguests. For morethan thirty years inthe Art colony in Danilovgrad, many authorsfromhome and abroad THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUMOF SCULPTORS inDanilovgrad FIAT –FESTIVAL OF INTERNATIONAL ALTERNATIVE THEATER inPodgorica

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The Internationalcharacterof . - DIRECTORY

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Montenegro Ministry of Tourism and Environment Tel: +382(0)20 446 341, E-mail: [email protected]; www.mrt.gov.me Being positioned between the East and the West, Montenegro has inherited pagan, Illyrian, Hellen- IMPRESSUM istic, Roman, Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Islamic infl uences. Its territory has been inhabited for CTU – Tourism Association of Montenegro more than 180,000 years. Its historical remains date back to the archaeological fi ndings in the Crvena Montenegro - Multicultural Heritage Tel: +382(0) 33 774 054; E- mail: [email protected];www.ctu-montenegro.org Stijena cave, which was the fi rst discovered habitat of prehistoric man on the territory of Montenegro. LOCAL TOURISM ORGANISATIONS The infl uences and remains continue through the rich cultural heritage of the countries and the people Publisher: who lived and created their lives here. National Tourism Budva Kolašin Pljevlja Organization of Montenegro Tel: +382 (0) 33 402 814 Tel/fax: +382 (0) 20 864 254 Tel: +382 (0) 52 300 192,300 194 Fax: +382 (0) 33 402 550 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Towards the end of the 2nd century BC, Montenegro became part of the Roman Empire, and after Director: its division into Eastern and the Western Empires, it became part of the Eastern Roman Empire, later E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.kolasin.travel Website: www.pljevlja.travel Saça Radoviœ Website: www.budva.travel named Byzantium. Towards the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 7th centuries, Slavic tribes Kotor Rožaje started to inhabit the territory of Montenegro. They were the ancestors of the people living in Mon- Profesional assistant: Bar Tel/Fax: +382 (0) 32 322 886 Tel: +382 (0) 51 270 158 Ÿivko Andrijaçeviœ Tel: +382 (0) 30 311 633 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] tenegro today. In the 9th century the Slavic tribes founded their own state, independent from Byzan- Mladen Lompar tium. Fax: +382 (0) 30 311 969 Website: www.kotor.travel Website: www.rozaje.travel E-mail: [email protected] Design and prepress : Website: www.bar.travel Mojkovac Šavnik During the Middle Ages, not only was the independent state founded, but also a varied and signifi cant Agencija MAPA, Podgorica Tel/fax: +382 (0) 50 472 428 Tel: +382 (0) 40 266 127, 266 066 +382(0) 20 664-282 Berane E-mail:[email protected] Fax: +382 (0) 40 266 231 cultural heritage: architectural monuments belonging to the great stylistic epochs (Pre-Romanesque, +382(0) 20 664-283 Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance…), and literary-historical and religious works which followed Tel: +382 (0) 51 236 664 Website: www.mojkovac.travel E-mail: [email protected] www.mapa.co.me E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.savnik.travel the modern spirit of the times, and also a way of urban life corresponding to the European tradition. [email protected] Website: www.berane.travel Nikšić Towards the end of the 15th century, a printing house was started, the fi rst among the South-Slavic Tel: +382 (0) 40 213 262 Tivat countries. During the middle Ages, religious institutions of both the main Christian Churches were Cetinje Fax: +382 (0) 40 212 511 Tel: +382 (0) 32 671 324 founded on the territory of Montenegro- the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox, and both are active Tel: +382 (0) 41 230 250 E-mail: [email protected] Fax.: +382 (0) 32 671 323 Fax: +382 (0) 41 230 253 Website: www.niksic.travel E-mail: [email protected] Photography: today. The best proof of the harmony of differences that has existed for centuries in Montenegro is E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.tivat.travel Lazar Pejoviœ the phenomenon of churches with two altars – one for the Orthodox Christians and the other for the Website: www.cetinje .travel Plužine Stevan Kordiœ Fax: +382 (0) 40 270 069 Ulcinj Catholics. Such churches exist in many places where members of the different Christian faiths live. Vladimir Popoviœ Danilovgrad Tel: +382 (0) 40 270 068 Tel/Fax: +382 (0) 30 412 333 Duçko Miljaniœ Tel:+382 (0) 20 816 015 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] (Vojo Radonjiœ) Like the majority of the Balkan states, Montenegro was also in a tragic position – it lost its independ- Fax: +382 (0) 20 816 016 Website: www.pluzine.travel Website: www.ulcinj.travel Nenad Vitomiroviœ ence and it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire, which lasted for a long E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.danilovgrad.travel Podgorica Žabljak time, left Montenegro with another tradition – Islam, so there are many monuments of Islamic archi- Printed by: tecture and traces of diversifi ed cultural creativity. Since the Ottoman period, Montenegro has Tel: +382 (0) 20 667 536 Tel:+382 (0) 52 361 802 Grafotisak & DPC - Podgorica Herceg Novi Fax: +382 (0) 20 667 535 E-mail:[email protected] Tel: +382 (0) 31 350 820 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.zabljak.travel Fax: +382 (0) 31 350 840 Website: www.podgorica.travel HISTORY LINE E-mail: [email protected] Regional tourism organisation of Website: www.hercegnovi.travel Bijelo Polje Bjelasica & Komovi Tel: +382 (0) 50 431 109 Tel: +382 (0) 20 865 110 The oldest 990. 1166. www.bijelopoljemontenegro.travel www.bjelasica-komovi.co.me trace of art – Lipci Prince Vladimir as the The Romanesque art sovereign of Duklja St Tryphon Cathedral STRATEGIC PARTNERS:

1183 - 1186. the district Divlja ljepota The contemporary of prefect of Raçka Stefan Christianity the Old Nemanja conquered town of Bar – an olive Duklja tree over 2000 years old NACIONALNA TURISTIÆKA ORGANIZACIJA 8th century BC 6th century BC Year zero 1st century 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century CRNE GORE The remains of the 1089. 81000 Podgorica, Bul. Svetog Petra Cetinjskog 130 Roman culture- Duklja The pope Clement III issued a Tel: +382 (0) 77 100 001 bull which raised the bishopric Fax: +382 (0) 77 100 009 of Duklja (Bar) to the rank of the E-mail: [email protected] archbishopric www.montenegro.travel

From the ancient times until MONTENEGRO NATIONAL TOURIST OFFICES today - The town of Budva The Byzantine cultural Friedensstr. 7, D-60311 am Main Kranjčevićeva 13,Sarajevo, BIH Kralja Petra 32 Resljeva cesta 40 Tel. + 49 (0)69 2424 6212; + 49 (0)69 2424 6228 infl uence – a St Elias fresco Tel: +387 (33) 259 785 11000 Beograd,Srbija SI-1000 ,Slovenija www.montenegro.travel Fax + 49(0)69 2424 6225 from Moraæa Monastery Fax: +387 (33) 259 786 Tel. +381( 0) 113 283 627 Tel. +386 59 090 451 [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. +381 (0) 113 283 932 Fax. +386 59 090 454 [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.montenegro.travel MULTICULTURAL MULTICULTURAL HERITAGE HERITAGE

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