Observation Field Guide Total Lunar Eclipse

Home , Billy (crater), Boscovich (crater), Campanus (crater), Censorinus (crater), Euclides (crater), Flamsteed (crater)

OBSERVATION FIELD GUIDE

FOR the TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE OF FEBRUARY 21th, 2008

PREPARED BY

ALBERTO MARTOS AND MARIA CECILIA SCALIA

TRANSLATED BY

MANUEL CASTILLO

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USE OF THIS OBSERVATION FIELD GUIDE

This Field Guide has been designed to follow all the phenomena expected to happen during the observation of the eclipse event. With this guide we try to present a variety of observation activities to those amateurs who answered our invitation to observe coordinately the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 21th, 2008. For this purpose, the guide puts forward all the practical information required to perform the activities proposed in the Manual for the Observation, available only in Spanish in http://www.cielosur.com/eclipse-luna- febrero20y21-2008-guia-observacion.php. Here, all the descriptive information has been scrapped in order to produce a handy operational resource.

With this idea in mind, all the information has been combined following the eclipse timeline. Thus, those observers interested in taking part in all the activities must follow all the timeline steps to cover sequentially all the observation events. In order to reference activities that are very different, some steps have been unified or mixed. Those observers interested only in some of the activities can follow the timeline skipping the steps that are not applicable. In order to discriminate the different activites, each step is referenced with their associated activity number.

A priori, this Field Guide is addressed to observers familiarized with the phenomena, with the astronomical equipment and its operation and with the associated problems. However, we believe that the Manual for the Observation can be used by everybody interested, as a help to understand in detail the contents of this Observation Field Guide.

Following, the content of the eight proposed activities is compiled together with the required table of data. The same order, table and figure numbers used in the Manual for the Observation has been maintained here.

The table XVI shows the whole timeline of the activities to be performed in a chronological way. Therefore, they are mixed. It can convince someone without experience, despite that the activities are not exceptionally difficult (appart from monitoring the Lunar Transient Phenomena), they involve certain degree of discipline and serious work during a extended time periode. As in other real time tasks, both aspects are present, high dynamic and stressed moments (parcial eclipse phases) and quiet and relaxed moments (eclipse totality). It must be considered in order to don’t miss anything previously intended.

ADDITIONAL NOTE ON TIMING: In all the steps of the activities, a blank rectangle has been introduced to write in the measured times. It is recommended to use a GPS as a time reference provider for the Universal Time. So, all the observers can be synchronised within one second. If a chronometer is used, please, verify that it is synchronised within one second with a GPS or your national broadcasted time signals.

It is quite difficult to record the time of an event during its telescopic observation. In order to deal with this inconvenient, it is recommended to use a voice recorder analogic or digital (PC, movile, etc). Shortly before the event, a sound mark with the identification and the time of the event to come is recorded. In the exact moment of the event, another sound mark is recorded. Later, the interval between the two marks can be measured with an accuracy better than 1 second.

A chronometer with alarm is recommended also to have some device to warning that a specific observation moment is coming up.

PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

1st activity: Timing of the ocultation of Regulus. NOTE: Only for SouthAmerica.

TABLE IX REGULUS OCULTATION VISIBILITY FROM SOUTH AMERICA

Ocult. Regulus Emers. Regulus City T. U. Elev. T. U. Elev. Asunción (Guatemala) - - - - Asunción (Forguay) 22:22:15 0,3º 23:21:00 13º Bogotá - - - - Brasilia 22:13:45 9,6º 23:18:00 24º Buenos Aires 22:43:30 1,5º 23:29:30 12º Caracas - - - - Kingston - - - - La Habana - - - - La Paz 22:09:30 -10º 23:05:00 12º Lima - - - - Managua - - - - México - - - - MonteVIDEO 22:46:15 4º 23:29:45 12º Panamá - - - - Puerto Príncipe - - - - Quito - - - - San José of Costa Rica - - - - San Juan of Pto. Rico - - - - San Salvador - - - - Santiago of Chile 22:35:50 -9,5º 19:22:30 0,1º Santo Domingo - - - - Tegucigalpa - - - -

2nd activity: Lunar Paralax measurement.

TABLE X LUNAR HEIGHT DURING THE LUNAR PARALAX MEASUREMENT Asunción (Guatemala) 13,6º La Paz 28,0º San José Costa Rica 19,1º Asunción (Forguay) 32,6º Lima 21,4º San Juan Puerto Rico 37,4º Bogotá 28,3º Managua 17,5º San Salvador 14,8º Brasilia 45,5 México 06,1º Santiago 18,4º Buenos Aires 26,7º MonteVIDEO 27,6º S. Domingo 33,8º Caracas 36,3º Panamá 23,6º Tegucigalpa 16,8º Kingston 27,1º Puerto Príncipe 31,4º La Habana 22,1º Quito 23,0º

3rd activity: Video Sequence

4th activity: Timing of the Eclipse Contacts

TABLE IV TIMING OF THE ECLIPSE CONTACTS Contact Universal Time First Penumbra Contact 00:36:18 First Umbra Contact 01:43:00 Start of Totality 03:00:48 Eclipse Maximum 03:25:42 End of Totality 03:50:36 Last Umbra Contact 05:08:24 Lastst Penumbra Contact 06:15:18

TABLE XI DANJON SCALE Category Lunar Aspect 0 Very Dark. Nearly invisible after the start of totality. 1 Presents a gray or brown colour with very few visible features. 2 Presents a red-brown colour, with the borders brigther than the center 3 Presents a brick red colour witha yellowish border. 4 Presents a brilliant orange colour with a possible bluish border.

5th activity: Timing the Lunar features inmersión on the Earth Shadow

TABLE XII IMMERSION AND EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW Immersion Name Emersion Name 01:48 Grimaldi 04:06 Grimaldi 01:49 Aristarchus 04:07 Billy 01:54 Kepler 04:07 Tycho 01:56 Billy 04:09 Campanus 02:00 PYTHEAS 04:19 Kepler 02:02 Copernicus 04:22 Aristarchus 02:03 Timocharis 04:27 Copernicus 02:05 Plato 04:30 Pytheas 02:11 Campanus 04:36 Timocharis 02:14 Aristoteles 04:42 Dionysius 02:15 Eudoxus 04:42 Manilius 02:16 Manilius 04:44 Plato 02:20 Menelaus 04:46 Menelaus 02:24 Dionysius 04:47 Goclenius 02:24 Plinius 04:49 Plinius 02:27 Tycho 04:51 Eudoxus 02:34 Proclus 04:52 Aristoteles 02:38 Taruntius 04:53 Langrenus 02:42 Goclenius 04:55 Taruntius 02:48 Langrenus 04:59 Proclus 6th activity: Timing of ocultation of stars by the Moon

TABLE XIII OCULTATION OF STARS BY THE MOON MADRID BUENOS AIRES U.T. Nº - Star Mag O/E D U.T Nº - Star Mag O/E D 01:59:30 1-GSC 840 185 8,6 O 1 02:19:15 1-GSC 840 185 8,6 E 1 02:26:10 2-GSC 833 1091 10 O 1 03:00:30 3-GSC 840 963 10 E 1 03:02:15 4-GSC 840 869 9,5 E 1 03:08:30 5-GSC 840 944 10 E 1 03:27:10 2-GSC 833 1091 10 E 1 03:30:30 6-GSC 837 442 9,9 O 1 03:55:30 7-GSC 837 82 9,8 O 3 04:12:45 8-GSC 837 606 9,4 O 3 04:24:45 9-GSC 837 40 8,8 O 3 04:32:50 6-GSC 837 442 9,9 E 1 04:37:25 7-GSC 837 82 9,8 E 2 04:50:30 8-GSC 837 606 9,4 E 3 04:56:30 10-GSC 837 143 9,8 R 3

7th activity: Timing of Lunar features Emersion from the Earth Shadow See TABLE XII

8th activity: Monitoring of Lunar Transient Phenomena

TABLE XIV LUNAR FORMATIONS ACTIVE DURING ECLIPSES Lunar Formation Date TLP 10 DIC 1685 Soil Redening Plato 17 AGO 1970 Pulsation 05 DIC 1881 White Spot over orange surface 12 JUL 1889 Brightning surrounded by the penumbra 23 MAY 1891 Brightening of circus and associated area Aristarchus 27 DIC 1898 Brightening 19 FEB 1905 Bright White Spot 04 AGO 1906 Brightening 07 OCT 1949 Brightening 25 FEB 1964 Brightening 04 OCT 1884 Bright White Spot lika 2nd mag. Star 08 ENE 1898 Darkening of all the area Tycho 15 AGO 1905 Brightening 01 ABR 1912 Bright white spot affecting shape 07 NOV 1919 Only visible the radiation crossing Longomontanus. Proclus 03 JUL 1898 Redening Dionysius 08 ENE 1917 Bright spot in the umbra inmersión Grimaldi 25 JUN 1964 White trail in the western Limb TABLE XV ELGER SCALE OF ALBEDOS Albedo Toponym 0,0 Dark Shadows. 1,0 Darker Points of Grimaldi and Riccioli. 1,5 Interior of Boscovich, Billy and Zupus. 2,0 Soils of Endymion, Le Monier, Julius Caesar, Crüger and Fourier. 2,5 Interior of Azout, Vitruvius, Pitatus, Hippalus and Marius. 3,0 Interior of Taruntius, Plinius, Teophilus, Parrot, Flamsteed and Mercator. 3,5 Interior of Hansen, Archimedes and Mersenius. 4,0 Interior of Manilius, Ptolemaeus and Guericke. 4,5 Surface around Aristillus and Sinus Medii. 5,0 Walls of Arago, Lansberg, Bullialdus and surfaces surrounding Kepler and Aristarchus. 5,5 Walls of Picard, Timocharis and radiations of Copernicus. 6,0 Walls of Macrobius, Kant, Bessel, Mösting and Flamsteed. 6,5 Walls of Langrenus and Theaetetus 7,0 Soils of Theon, Ariadaeus, Bode B, Wichmann and Kepler. 7,5 Soils of Uckert, Hortensius and Euclides. 8,0 Walls of Godin, Bode and Copernicus. 8,5 Walls of Proclus, Bode A and Hipparchus C. 9,0 Soil of Censorinus, Dionysius, Mösting A and Mersenius B and C. 9,5 Interior of Aristarchus and La Pérouse. 10,0 Central Peak of Aristarchus.

TABLE XVI TIMELINE of EVENTS U.T. EVENT O/E HEMIS FIGURE TELESCOPE CAMERA 22:43:30 Regulus O S 5 Whatever DSLR 23:29:30 Regulus E S 6 Whatever DSLR 00:36:18 First Contact - N-S 160-161 Medium Focal DSLR 01:00:00 Paralax Measurement - N-S 7-8 Short Focal DSLR 01:40:00 VIDEO Start - N-S - Medium Focal DSLR 01:43:00 Second Contact - N-S 162-163 Medium Focal DSLR 01:48:00 GRIMALDI O N-S 14-15 Large Aperture DSLR 01:49:00 ARISTARCHUS O N-S 16-17 Large Aperture DSLR 01:54:00 KEPLER O N-S 18-19 Large Aperture DSLR 01:56:00 BILLY O N-S 20-21 Large Aperture DSLR 01:59:30 GSC 840 185 (8,6) O S 52 Large Aperture DSLR 02:00:00 PYTHEAS O N-S 22-23 Large Aperture DSLR 02:02:00 COPERNICUS O N-S 24-25 Large Aperture DSLR 02:03:00 TIMOCHARIS O N-S 26-27 Large Aperture DSLR 02:05:00 PLATO O N-S 28-29 Large Aperture DSLR 02:11:00 CAMPANUS O N-S 30-31 Large Aperture DSLR 02:14:00 ARISTOTELES O N-S 32-33 Large Aperture DSLR 02:15:00 EUDOXUS O N-S 34-35 Large Aperture DSLR 02:16:00 MANILIUS O N-S 36-37 Large Aperture DSLR 02:19:15 GSC 840 185 (8,6) E S 53 Large Aperture DSLR 02:20:00 MENELAUS O N-S 38-39 Large Aperture DSLR 02:24:00 DIONYSIUS-PLINIUS O N-S 40-41 Large Aperture DSLR 02:26:10 GSC 833 1091 (10) O N 57 Large Aperture DSLR 02:27:00 TYCHO O N-S 42-43 Large Aperture DSLR 02:34:00 PROCLUS O N-S 44-45 Large Aperture DSLR 02:38:00 TARUNTIUS O N-S 46-47 Large Aperture DSLR 02:42:00 GOCLENIUS O N-S 48-49 Large Aperture DSLR 02:48:00 LANGRENUS O N-S 50-51 Large Aperture DSLR 03:00:30 GSC 840 963 (10) E S 54 Large Aperture DSLR 03:00:48 Third Contact - N-S 164-165 Medium Focal DSLR 03:02:15 GSC 840 869 (9,5) E S 55 Large Aperture DSLR 03:08:30 GSC 840 944 (10) E S 56 Large Aperture DSLR 03:10:00 LTP Monitoring - N-S - Large Aperture Web 03:25:42 Eclipse Maximum - N-S 166-167 Medium Focal DSLR (to be continued)

TIMELINE of EVENTS (continuation) U.T EVENT O/E HEM FIGURE TELESCOPE CAMERA 03:25:42 Eclipse Maximum - N-S 166-167 Binoculars DSLR 03:27:10 GSC 833 1091 (10) E N 58 Large Aperture DSLR 03:30:30 GSC 837 442 (9,9) O N 59 Large Aperture DSLR 03:50:36 Fourth Contact N-S 168-169 Medium Focal DSLR 03:55:30 GSC 837 82 (9.8) O N 60 Large Aperture DSLR 04:06:00 GRIMALDI E N-S 66-67 Large Aperture DSLR 04:07:00 BILLY-TYCHO E N-S 68-69 Large Aperture DSLR 04:09:00 CAMPANUS E N-S 70-71 Large Aperture DSLR 04:12:45 GSC 837 606 (9,4) O N 61 Large Aperture DSLR 04:19:00 KEPLER E N-S 72-73 Large Aperture DSLR 04:22:00 ARISTARCHUS E N-S 74-75 Large Aperture DSLR 04:24:45 GSC 837 40 (9,8) O N 62 Large Aperture DSLR 04:27:00 COPERNICUS E N-S 76-77 Large Aperture DSLR 04:30:00 PYTHEAS E N-S 78-79 Large Aperture DSLR 04:32:50 GSC 837 442 (9,9) E N 63 Large Aperture DSLR 04:36:00 TIMOCHARIS E N-S 80-81 Large Aperture DSLR 04:37:25 GSC 837 82 (9,8) E N 64 Large Aperture DSLR 04:42:00 DIONYSIUS-MANILIUS E N-S 82-83 Large Aperture DSLR 04:44:00 PLATO E N-S 84-85 Large Aperture DSLR 04:46:00 MENELAUS E N-S 86-87 Large Aperture DSLR 04:47:00 GOCLENIUS E N-S 88-89 Large Aperture DSLR 04:49:00 PLINIUS E N-S 90-91 Large Aperture DSLR 04:50:30 GSC 837 606 (9,4) E N 65 Large Aperture DSLR 04:51:00 EUDOXUS E N-S 92-93 Large Aperture DSLR 04:52:00 ARISTOTELES E N-S 94-95 Large Aperture DSLR 04:53:00 LANGRENUS E N-S 96-97 Large Aperture DSLR 04:55:00 TARUNTIUS E N-S 98-99 Large Aperture DSLR 04:56:30 GSC 837 143 (9,8) R N 66 Large Aperture DSLR 04:59:00 PROCLUS E N-S 100-101 Large Aperture DSLR 05:08:24 Fifth Contact - N-S 170-171 Medium Focal DSLR 05:10:00 LTP Monitoring - N-S 119 Large Aperture Web 05:30:00 LTP Monitoring - N-S 119 Large Aperture Web 06:15:18 Sixth Contact. Final. - N-S 172-173 Medium Focal DSLR

TIMING OF THE REGULUS OCULTATION BY THE MOON

NOTE: Only for South America.

Proposed equipment: Large Aperture Telescope Médium Focal Telescope DSLR Camera PC GPS Chronometer with alarm Voice Recorder

ESTIMATED TIME: 22:43:30

FIRST ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION: Large Aperture Telescope with short eyepiece (250x) and polarized filters Medium Focal Length Telescope with a DSLR camera attached to the primary focus: Frame the whole Moon disk. DSLR Camera controlled by a PC.

ACTIVITY:

BEFORE THE FIRST CONTACT WITH REGULUS:

22:30:00 Verify the focus of the camera. Mars and Sirius can be two good targets before the moonrise.

22:32:45 Moonrise in Buenos Aires.

22:40:00 Visual Observation of the star with the Large Aperture Telescope with high magnification. Move the Moon out of the field of view to avoid observer blindness. Once the moon is out, take off the polarizers.

22:42:00 Record activity mark in the voice recorder (if available). (“Immersion of Regulus”).

Figure 5. (Zenith up).

22:43:30 During the contact of the star with the western limb of the Moon, shot a sequence of fast pictures with the camera attached to the medium focal telescope until the star is completely disappeared.

22:43:30 Record the time of the immersion. Record signal in the voice recorder (if available).

22:44:00 Set chronometer alarm at 23:28:00, two minutes before the Emersion of Regulus.

Interval until next step...... 43,5 minutes. Simulation of the ocultation of Regulus seen from Buenos Aires.

Figure 5.- Ocultation of Regulus. Position angle: 156 degrees.

Measured Time

TIMING OF EMERSION OF REGULUS BEHIND THE MOON

ESTIMATED TIME: 23:29:30

FIRST ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP

Before the Emersion of REGULUS:

23:27:30 Once the alarm rings, start observation of the eastern limb the Moon.

Figure 6. (Zenith up).

23:28:00 Record activity mark in the voice recorder (if available). (“Emersion of Regulus”).

23:29:30 Upon the star becoming visible in the limb, shot a second sequence of pictures until the star is seforted of the limb.

23:29:30 Record the time of the immersion. Record signal in the voice recorder and stop it (if available).

23:30:00 Save the captured pictures in a specific PC folder properly labelled.

END OF THE ACTIVITY.

Interval until next step...... 120 minutes.

Simulation of the Emersion of Regulus seen from Buenos Aires.

Figure 6.- Emersion of Regulus. Position Angle 16 degrees.

Measured Time

TIMING OF THE ECLIPSE CONTACTS

FIRST CONTACT WITH THE PENUMBRA

FOURTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP

No planned activity

Opcionally:

00:36:00 Start the voice recorder (if available).

00:36:18 Capture a picture and record the time. Record the time and the identification of the event (“First Contact with the penumbra) in the voice recorder, if available.

00:36:30 Stop the voice recorder (if available).

Figure 160.- First Contact with the penumbra from Madrid.

Figure 161.- First Contact with the penumbra from Buenos Aires.

MEASUREMENT OF THE LUNAR PARALAX

Proposed equipment: Short Focal Telescope or Teleobjective Medium Focal Telescope DSLR Camera PC GPS Chronometer with alarm Voice Recorder

EXACT TIME: 01:00:00

SECOND ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION: Short Focal Telescope or Teleobjective, with the DSLR camera attached to the primary focus Camera controlled from the PC. GPS or Chronometer with Universal Time.

ACTIVITY:

Before the measurement.

00:30:00 If used, verify that the Chronometer is synchronized at one second accuracy with the GPS.

00:31:00 Set the chronometer alarm 10 seconds before the estimated time of mesurement (00:59:50).

00:32:00 In the Short Focal Telescope (or Teleobjective): Frame the Moon and the stars Regulus (mag. 1,4) and 31 Leonis (mag. 4,4).

00:33:00 Verify focus and frame. Align the longer distance parallel to the longer size of the frame (portrait). Remove the test pictures.

Close to the event time.

00:55:00 Start the voice recorder (if available).

00:59:00 Verify the frame and check if a re-framing is required.

00:59:50 Upon the alarm ring, countdown ten seconds and shot the camera at the exact time.

01:00:00 Record the time of the shot in the voice recorder (if available) and stop it.

01:01:00 Save the picture in a separated folder of the PC. Set the chronometer alarm at 02:15:00.

END OF THE ACTIVITY.

Interval until next step...... 14 minutes.

Figure 7.- The Moon seen from Buenos Aires, at the paralax measurement time.

Figure 8.- The Moon seen from Madrid, at the paralax measurement time.

INITIATION OF THE VIDEO SEQUENCE

Proposed equipment: Medium Focal Telescope Short Focal Telescope One or two DSLR cameras GPS and/or Chronometer

EXACT TIME: 01:40:00

THIRD ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION: Telescope of medium focal lenght with a DSLR camera attached tothe primary focus Telescope of Short focal lenght with a DSLR camera attached tothe primary focus (for a second video sequence) Both cameras controlled by a PC. Chronometer with the Universal Time. Alarm at 01:43:00

PREVIOUS ACTIVITIES: 01:15:00 Once the alarm rings, focus the cameras by means of test exposures.

01:20:00 Ajust the exposure until the image is enought bright but without saturation. It is suggested to test 320 and 400 ASA.

Telescope of medium focal length. 01:25:00 Frame the Moon and rotate the camera until the Moon rotation axis is parallel to the larger dimension of the frame. Put the Moon in the center of the field of view. These two adjustments are very important.

Telescope of short focal lenght (or teleobjetivo mounted in an equatorial mount).

01:25:00 Frame the Moon and rotate the camera until the Moon rotation axis is parallel to the shorter dimension of the frame. Put the Moon in the center of the field of view. These two adjustments are very important.

01:28:00 Remove the test exposures. Set the chronometer alartm at 01:39:00.

BEFORE THE CAPTURES: 01:30:00 Configure Control SW of the camera to shut with automatically with an INTERVAL of 20 seconds.

For Canon Eos: 5-1) Open the Remote Shutter in the control SW 5-2) Open the Tools Menu 5-3) In the emerging window select: Delay Adjustment...... 00 min 00 seg Tom. p. interv. c. Temp...... 00 min 20 seg Captures ...... 800 (to be continued) (continuation) MEDIUM ANGULAR VIDEO: 01:40:00 Start the photographic sequence with the medium angular camera, as synchronised as possible (a minute before the alarm has been activated). This sequence must not be interrupted despite any error or perturbation.

LARGE ANGULAR VIDEO: 01:40:00 Start the photographic sequence with the alrgeangular camera, as synchronised as possible (a minute before the alarm has been activated). This sequence must not be interrupted despite any error or perturbation.

01:42:00 Ajust gradually the exposures in the two cameras, tryint to obtain brigth pictures witout saturation.

EVENTUAL END of the ACTIVITY.

NOTE: Teh end of this ACTIVITY will be at 05:10:00.

VIDEO Frame with Large Angular

VIDEO Frame with the Medium Angular

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes.

TIMING OF THE ECLIPSE CONTACTS

FIRST CONTACT WITH THE UMBRA

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Telescope of focal media; Binoculars; Chronometer with alarm GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 01:43:00

FOURTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION Large Aperture Telescope with DSLR Camera with shutter cable. Auxiliar telescope with a medium power eyepiece (200x). Binoculars of 8x50.

ACTIVITY This ACTIVITY starts inmediatelly after the initiation of the video sequence. Put the shutter cable of the camera in mode CONTINUOUS; Point the Telescopes to the eastern limb of the Moon;

01:42:00 Start the voice recorder and record and indentification of the event (“FIRST CONTACT with the umbra”) and the time.

01:42:45 Start the continuous capture while it is monitored the eastern limb of the Moon;

01:43:00 Once the umbra is visible, record a time mark, stop the photographic sequence and stop the voice recorder.

01:44:00 Set the chronometer alarm at 01:47:00.

NOTE: From now, the chronomenter must be used only or the timing Ocultation of Craters and stars activities.

EVENTUAL END of the ACTIVITY.

NOTE: This activity continues at 02:59:00.

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 4 minutes.

Figure 162.- FIRST CONTACT with the umbra from Madrid – altitud 55,4º.

Figure 163.- First Contact with the umbra from Buenos Aires – height 33,1º.

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

GRIMALDI

Category Diameter Depth Cuenca 430 Km 2000 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 01:48:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION Large Aperture Telescope with a low magnificationcon (100x) and polarizers. Chronometer with alarm. Optional picture if an aditional telescope and a camera are available.

ACTIVITY

01:47:00 Once the alarm rings, monitor the Grimaldi basin (see figures 14 and 15). Start the voice recorder (if available) and record the time.

01:48:00 Timing of the arrival of the umbra to the two borders and calculation of the average. At the ocultation of the basin record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes.

Figure 14.- Ocultation of Grimaldi seen from the North Hemisphere (01:48:00).

Figure 15.- Ocultation of Grimaldi seen seen from the South Hemisphere (01:48:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

ARISTARCHUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 40 Km 3000 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 01:49:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 01:48:00 Monitor Aristarchus Crater (see figures 16y 17).

01:49:00 At the ocultation of the crater, record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

01:50:00 Set the chronometer alarm at 01:53:00

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 3 minutes.

Figure 16.- Ocultation of Aristarchus seen from the North Hemisphere (01:49:00).

Figure 17.- Ocultation of Aristarchus seen from the South Hemisphere (01:49:00). TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

KEPLER

Category Diameter Depth Crater 32 Km 2570 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 01:54:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 01:53:00 Once the alarm rings, monitor the Crater Kepler (see figures 18 and 19).

01:54:00 At the ocultation of the crater, record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 1 minute.

Figure 18.- Ocultation of Kepler seen from the North Hemisphere (01:54:00).

Figure 19.- Ocultation of Kepler seen from the South Hemisphere (01:54:00). TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

BILLY

Category Diameter Depth Crater 46 Km 1210 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 01:56:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 01:55:00 Monitor Crater Billy (see figures 20 and 21).

01:56:00 At the ocultation of the crater, record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 2 minutes for the South Hemisphere. 3 minutes for the North Hemisphere.

Figure 20.- Immersion of Billy seen from the North Hemisphere (01:56:00).

Figure 21.- Immersion of Billy seen from the South Hemisphere (01:56:00).

TIMING OF THE OCULTATION OF STARS BY THE MOON FROM BUENOS AIRES

GSC 840 185

Mv = 8,6

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 01:59:30

SIXTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION from Buenos Aires (from other sites, see note). Large Aperture Telescope with a medium power magnification (200x) without polarizers. Chronometer with alarm Optional picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

ACTIVITY IN BUENOS AIRES:

ATENTION: the Ocultation of Crater Pytheas will be produced inmediatelly after the end of this activity.

01:59:00 Monitor the star GSC 840 185 in the North of the Moon (see figure 52). Record time. If a camera and a telescope is available, capture test exposures to estimate the shutter velocity required to image. Saturate the Moon if necessary. Otehr tescopes are taken good pictures.

01:59:30 Take a fast sequence of pictures during the contact and ocultation of the star with the limb of the Moon.

01:59:45 At the star ocultation, record the identifying the event (“Ocultation star 1”).

01:59:45 ATENTION: Inmediate Ocultation of Crater Pytheas!.

EVENTUAL END of the ACTIVITY FROM BUENOS AIRES.

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes.

Figure 52.- Ocultation of GSC 840 185 (Mv = 8,6). A. P. 48º. Seen from Buenos Aires. South up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the ocultation is visible from other Southamerica sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

PYTHEAS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 20 Km 2530 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:00:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 01:59:50 Monitor Crater Pytheas (figures 22 and 23).

02:00:00 At the ocultation of the crater, record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 1 minute.

Figure 22.- Ocultation of Pytheas seen from the North Hemisphere (02:00:00).

Figure 23.- Ocultation of Pytheas seen from the South Hemisphere (02:00:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

COPERNICUS

Category Diameter Depth Impact 93 Km 3760 m Ring

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:02:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:01:00 Monitor Impact Ring Copernicus (figures 24 and 25).

02:02:00 Timing the arrival of the umbra to both borders and calculate the average time. At the ocultation of the impact ring record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes.

Figure 24.- Ocultation of Copernicus seen from the North Hemisphere (02:02:00).

Figure 25.- Ocultation of Copernicus seen from the South Hemisphere (02:02:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

TIMOCHARIS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 34 Km 2750 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:03:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:02:30 Monitor Crater Timocharis (figures 26 and 27).

02:03:00 At the ocultation of the crater, record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 1 minute.

Figure 26.- Ocultation of Timocharis seen from the North Hemisphere (02:03:00).

Figure 27.- Ocultation of Timocharis seen from the South Hemisphere (02:03:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

PLATO

Category Diameter Depth Llanura 101 Km 1000 m amurallada

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:05:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:04:00 Vigilar the Plato walled basin (figures 28 and 29).

02:05:00 Timing the arrival of the umbra to both borders and calculate the average time. At the ocultation of the basin record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

02:06:00 Set the chronometer alarm at 02:10:00.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 4 minutes.

Figure 28.- Ocultation of Plato seen from the North Hemisphere (02:05:00).

Figure 29.- Ocultation of Plato seen from the South Hemisphere (02:05:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

CAMPANUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 48 Km 2080 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:11:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:10:00 Once the alarm rings, monitor the Crater Campanus (figures 30 and 31).

02:11:00 At the ocultation of the crater, record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 2 minutes.

Figure 30.- Ocultation of Campanus seen from the North Hemisphere (02:11:00).

Figure 31.- Ocultation of Campanus seen from the South Hemisphere (02:11:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

ARISTOTELES

Category Diameter Depth Circus 87 Km 3700 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:14:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:13:00 Once the alarm rings, monitor the Circus Aristoteles (figures 32 and 33).

02:14:00 Timing the arrival of the umbra to both borders and calculate the average time. At the ocultation of the circus record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes.

Figure 32.- Ocultation of Aristoteles seen from the North Hemisphere (02:14:00).

Figure 33.- Ocultation of Aristoteles seen from the South Hemisphere (02:14:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

EUDOXUS

Category Diameter Depth Circus 67 Km 3350 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:15:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:14:30 Monitor Circus Eudoxus (figures 34 and 35).

02:15:00 Timing the arrival of the umbra to both borders and calculate the average time. At the ocultation of the circus record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes.

Figure 34.- Ocultation of Eudoxus seen from the North Hemisphere (02:15:00).

Figure 35.- Ocultation of Eudoxus seen from the South Hemisphere (02:15:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

MANILIUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 39 Km 3050 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:16:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:15:30 Monitor Crater Manilius (figures 36 and 37).

02:16:00 At the ocultation of the crater, record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 2 minutes for the South Hemisphere. 3 minutes for the North Hemisphere.

Figure 36.- Ocultation of Manilius seen from the North Hemisphere (02:16:00).

Figure 37.- Ocultation of Manilius seen from the South Hemisphere (02:16:00).

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF STARS FROM THE MOON FROM BUENOS AIRES

GSC 840 185

Mv = 8,6

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:19:15

ACTIVITY IN BUENOS AIRES:

02:18:00 Monitor limb North of the Moon, where the star must appear (see figure 62).

02:19:15 At the star emersion record time identifying the event (“Emersion star 1”) and take a picture with the camera.

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM BUENOS AIRES

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes.

Figure 62.- Emersion of the star GSC 840 185 (Mv = 8,6). A. P. 22º. Seen from Buenos Aires. South up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the Emersion is visible from other Southamerica sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

MENELAUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 27 Km 3010 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:20:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:19:15 Monitor Crater Menelaus (figures 38 and 39).

02:20:00 At the ocultation of the crater, record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 3 minutes.

Figure 38.- Ocultation of Menelaus seen from the North Hemisphere (02:20:00).

Figure 39.- Ocultation of Menelaus seen from the South Hemisphere (02:20:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

DIONYSIUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 18 Km 2700 m

PLINIUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 43 Km 2320 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:24:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:23:00 Vigilar the Craters Dionysius and Plinius (figures 40 and 41).

02:24:00 At the ocultation of the crater, record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available. NOTE: If the ocultation is not simultaneous, record the times of each event separately.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time for Dionysius

Measured Time for Plinius

Interval until next step...... 1 minute for the South Hemisphere; 2 minutes for the North Hemisphere.

Figure 40.- Ocultation of Dionysius and Plinius seen from the North Hemisphere (02:24:00).

Figure 41.- Ocultation of and Plinius seen from the South Hemisphere (02:24:00). TIMING OF THE OCULTATION OF STARS BY THE MOON FROM MADRID

GSC 833 1091

Mv = 10

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:26:10

SIXTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION from Madrid (from other sites, see note). Large Aperture Telescope with a medium power magnification (200x) without polarizers. Chronometer with alarm Optional picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

ACTIVITY IN MADRID :

ATENTION: the Ocultation of Circus Tycho ocurrirá inmediatemente OFspués of acabar esta ACTIVITY.

02:25:00 Monitor the star GSC 833 1091 in the SSO of the Moon (see figure 57). Record time. If a camera and a telescope is available, capture test exposures to estimate the shutter velocity required to image. Saturate the Moon if necessary. Otehr tescopes are taken good pictures.

01:59:30 Take a fast sequence of pictures during the contact and ocultation of the star with the limb of the Moon.

02:26:00 Take a fast sequence of pictures during the contact and ocultation of the star with the limb of the Moon.

02:26:10 At the star ocultation, record the identifying the event (“Ocultation star 2”).

02:26:30 ATENTION: Ocultation of Circus Tycho inmediate.

EVENTUAL END of the ACTIVITY FROM MADRID.

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes.

Figure 57.- Ocultation of the star GSC 833 1091 (Mv = 10). A. P. = 157º. Seen from Madrid. North up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the ocultation is visible from other Western Europe sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

TYCHO

Category Diameter Depth Circus 85 Km 4850 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:27:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:26:00 Monitor Circus Tycho (figures 42 and 43).

02:27:00 Timing the arrival of the umbra to both borders and calculate the average time. At the ocultation of the circus record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

02:28:00 Set the chronometer alarm at 02:33:00.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 5 minutes.

Figure 42.- Ocultation of Tycho seen from the North Hemisphere (02:27:00).

Figure 43.- Ocultation of Tycho seen from the South Hemisphere (02:27:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

PROCLUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 28 Km 2400 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:34:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:33:00 Monitor Crater Proclus (figures 44 and 45).

02:34:00 At the ocultation of the crater, record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 3 minutes.

Figure 44.- Ocultation of Proclus seen from the North Hemisphere (02:34:00).

Figure 45.- Ocultation of Proclus seen from the South Hemisphere (02:34:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

TARUNTIUS

Category Diameter Depth Circus 56 Km 1150 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:38:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:37:00 Monitor Circus Taruntius (figures 46 and 47).

02:38:00 Timing the arrival of the umbra to both borders and calculate the average time. At the ocultation of the circus record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 3 minutes.

Figure 46.- Ocultation of Taruntius seen from the North Hemisphere (02:38:00).

Figure 47.- Ocultation of Taruntius seen from the South Hemisphere (02:38:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

GOCLENIUS

Category Diameter Depth Circus 54x72 Km 1500 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:42:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:41:00 Monitor Circus Goclenius (figures 48 and 49).

02:42:00 Timing the arrival of the umbra to both borders and calculate the average time. At the ocultation of the circus record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 5 minutes.

Figure 48.- Ocultation of Goclenius seen from the North Hemisphere (02:42:00).

Figure 49.- Ocultation of Goclenius seen from the South Hemisphere (02:42:00).

TIMING OF THE IMMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES IN THE EARTH SHADOW

LANGRENUS

Category Diameter Depth Circus 132 Km 2600 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 02:48:00

FIFTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 02:47:00 Once the alarm rings, Monitor Circus Langrenus (figures 50 and 51).

02:48:00 Timing the arrival of the umbra to both borders and calculate the average time. At the ocultation of the circus record the time and the identification of the event in the voice recorder if available. Take a picture if a camera and a telescope are available.

02:49:00 Set chronometer alarm at 02:59:00.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

END OF THE ACTIVITY.

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 10 minutes for the South Hemisphere; 12 minutes for the North Hemisphere.

Figure 50.- Ocultation of Langrenus seen from the North Hemisphere (02:48:00).

Figure 51.- Ocultation of Langrenus seen from the South Hemisphere (02:48:00). TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF STARS FROM THE MOON FROM BUENOS AIRES

GSC 840 963

Mv = 10

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 03:00:30

SIXTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION From Buenos Aires (from other sites, see note). Large Aperture Telescope with a medium power magnification (200x) without polarizers. Chronometer with alarm Optional picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

ACTIVITY IN BUENOS AIRES:

ATENTION: The THIRD CONTACT will be produced 10 segundos after the end of this ACTIVITY.

02:59:00 Monitor limb SE of the Moon, where the star must appear (see figure 54).

03:00:30 At the star emersion record time identifying the event (“Emersion star 3”) and take a picture with the camera.

00:00:38 TOTALITY START inmediate.

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM BUENOS AIRES

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes.

Figure 54.- Emersion of the star GSC 840 963 (Mv = 10). A. P. 268º. Seen from Buenos Aires. South up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the Emersion is visible from other Southamerica sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE ECLIPSE CONTACTS

TOTALITY START

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) Binoculars DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 03:00:48

FOURTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION Large Aperture Telescope acoplado a Camera DSLR con cable disfordor. Auxiliar telescope with a medium power eyepiece (200x). Binoculars of 8x50.

ACTIVITY Put the shutter cable of the camera in mode CONTINUOUS; Point the Telescopes to the limb SW of the Moon;

03:00:40 Record the event identification (“TOTALITY START”) an a time record

03:00:45 Start the continuous capture while it is monitored the limb SE of the Moon;

03:00:48 Once the illuminated Moon disk dissapears completely, record a time mark and stop the sequence of picture.

EVENTUAL END of the ACTIVITY.

NOTE: This activity continues at 03:25:00.

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes for the South Hemisphere. 9 minutes for the North Hemisphere.

Figure 164.- TOTALITY START from Madrid.

Figure 165.- TOTALITY START from Buenos Aires.

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF STARS FROM THE MOON FROM BUENOS AIRES

GSC 840 869

Mv = 9,5

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 03:02:15

ACTIVITY IN BUENOS AIRES:

03:01:00 Monitor the western limb of the moon around the area where the star must appear (see figure 55).

03:02:00 At the star emersion record time identifying the event (“Emersion star 4”) and take a picture with the camera.

03:03:00 Set chronometer alarm at 03:07:00

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM BUENOS AIRES

Interval until next step...... 4 minutes.

Figure 55.- Emersion of the star GSC 840 869 (Mv = 9,5). A. P. 284º. Seen from Buenos Aires. South up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the Emersion is visible from other Southamerica sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF STARS FROM THE MOON FROM BUENOS AIRES

GSC 840 944

Mv = 10

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 03:08:30

ACTIVITY IN BUENOS AIRES:

03:07:00 Once the alarm rings, monitor the western limb of the Moon around the area where the star must appear (see figure 56).

03:08:30 At the star emersion record time identifying the event (“Emersion star 5”) and take a picture with the camera.

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM BUENOS AIRES

Interval until next step...... 1 minute.

Figure 56.- Emersion of the star GSC 840 944 (Mv = 10). A. P. 290º. Seen from Buenos Aires. South up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the Emersion is visible from other Southamerica sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

LTP MONITORING

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Binoscope or a filter wheel Red Filter (Wratten #25) and Blue Filter (Wratten #38); Camera DSLR; Camera web.

INTERVAL: 03:10:00 - 03:20:00

EIGTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION: Large Aperture Telescope with an attached binoscope and with two identical medium power eyepieces (200x). Red filter (Wratten #25) in one ocular and Blue filter (Wratten #38) in the other.

ACTIVITY Only for very experienced observers.

03:10:00 Start visual exploration by blinking eye observation of Aristarchus, Proclus, Plato, Tycho, Dionysius and Grimaldi (see following pictures from both hemispheres);.

03:11:00 Set chronometer alarm at 03:24:00;

In case of discovery or suspect of a LTP by darkening take a picture. Look for a confirmation by other observers.

In case of discovery or suspect of a LTP by color change, take video (aprox. 500 frames AVI) with a webcam configured for color capture.

03:20:00 Record the time and the result (“Positive” or “Negative”). Stop the voice recorder.

Interval until next step...... 4 minutes.

NORTH HEMISPHERE

Plato Proclus Dionysius

Tycho

Aristarchus Grimaldi

SOUTH HEMISPHERE

Plato Proclus Dionysius

Tycho

Aristarchus Grimaldi TIMING OF THE ECLIPSE CONTACTS

ECLIPSE MAXIMUM

Proposed Equipment. Binoculars 8x50. GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder. Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available)

ESTIMATED TIME: 03:25:42

FOURTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION Binoculars of 8x50.

ACTIVITY

03:24:00 Using the Binoculars, estimate the brighness of the Moon in the Danjon Scale (TABLE XI)

03:25:30 Record the event identification (“Maximum of the eclipse”) and the time.

03:25:42 Record brightness estimation.

EVENTUAL END of the ACTIVITY.

NOTE: This activity continues at 03:50:36.

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes for the North Hemisphere. 24 minutes for the South Hemisphere.

Figure 166.- Maximum Eclipse from Madrid.

Figure 167.- Maximum Eclipse from Buenos Aires. TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF STARS FROM THE MOON FROM MADRID

GSC 833 1091

Mv = 10

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder

ESTIMATED TIME: 03:27:10

ACTIVITY IN MADRID :

03:26:00 Monitor the western limb of the moon around the area where the star must appear (see figure 58).

03:27:10 At the star emersion record time identifying the event (“Emersion star 2”) and take a picture with the camera.

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM MADRID

Interval until next step...... 2 minutes.

Figure 58.- Emersion of the star GSC 833 1091 (Mv = 10). A. P. 275º. Seen from Madrid. North up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the Emersion is visible from other Western Europe sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE OCULTATION OF STARS BY THE MOON FROM MADRID

GSC 837 442

Mv = 9,9

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 03:30:30

ACTIVITY IN MADRID :

03:29:00 Monitor the star GSC 837 442 in the SW of the Moon (see figure 59). Record Time.

03:30:30 When the star dissapears, record the time identifying the event (“Ocultation star 6”) and take a picture with the camera.

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM MADRID

Interval until next step...... 19 minutes.

Figure 59.- Ocultation of the star GSC 837 442 (Mv = 9,9). A. P. 146º. Seen from Madrid. North up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the ocultation is visible from other Western Europe sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE ECLIPSE

TOTALITY END

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) Binoculars DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 03:50:36

FOURTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION Large Aperture Telescope acoplado a Camera DSLR con cable disfordor. Auxiliar telescope with a medium power eyepiece (200x). Binoculars of 8x50.

ACTIVITY Put the shutter cable of the camera in mode CONTINUOUS; Point the Telescopes to the limb SW of the Moon;

03:49:00 Record the event identification (“En of the totality”) an a time record

03:50:00 Start the continuous capture while the limb SE of the Moon is monitored (figures 168 and 169);

03:50:36 Once the disk of the Moon exit from the umbra, record a time mark and stop the photographic sequence.

EVENTUAL END of the ACTIVITY.

NOTE: This activity continues at 03:25:00.

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 3 minutes for the North Hemisphere. 14 minutes for the South Hemisphere.

Figure 168.- Totality End from Madrid.

Figure 169.- Totality End from Buenos Aires. TIMING OF THE OCULTATION OF STARS BY THE MOON FROM MADRID

GSC 837 82

Mv = 9,8

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 03:55:30

ACTIVITY IN MADRID :

03:54:00 Monitor the star GSC 837 82 in the SSO of the Moon (see figure 60). Grabar una marca of tiempo.

03:55:30 When the star dissapears, record the time identifying the event (“Ocultation star 7”) and take a picture with the camera.

03:56:00 Set chronometer alarm at 04:05:00.

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM MADRID

Interval until next step...... 9 minutes.

Figure 60.- Ocultation of the star GSC 837 82 (Mv = 9,8). A. P. 175º. Seen from Madrid. North up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the ocultation is visible from other Western Europe sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

GRIMALDI

Category Diameter Depth Cuenca 430 Km 2000 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:06:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:05:00 Once the alarm rings, monitor the Emersion point of the Grimaldi basin (figures 66 and 67).

04:06:00 Timing the umbra exit of both borders and calculate the average. A the Emersion of the cuenca Grimaldi, record the time identifying the event (“Grimaldi”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes.

Figure 66.- Emersion of Grimaldi seen from the North Hemisphere (04:06:00).

Figure 67.- Emersion of Grimaldi seen from the South Hemisphere (04:06:00).

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

BILLY

Category Diameter Depth Crater 46 Km 1210 m

TYCHO

Category Diameter Depth Circus 85 Km 4850 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:07:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:06:00 Monitor emersion area of Circus Tycho and Crater Billy (figures 68 and 69).

04:07:00 At the emersion of Crater Billy and Circus Tycho (in a double emersion, the bisection by the umbra shall be recorded), record the time identifying the event (“Billy and Tycho”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

NOTE: If the ocultation is not simultaneous, the the times of each event separately. .

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 1 minute.

Figure 68.- Emersion of Billy and Ticho seen from the North Hemisphere (04:07:00).

Figure 69.- Emersion of Billy and Ticho seen from the South Hemisphere (04:07:00). TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

CAMPANUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 48 Km 2080 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:09:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:08:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Crater Campanus (figures 70 and 71).

04:09:00 At the emersion of Crater Campanus, record the time identifying the event (“Campanus”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 2 minutes for the North Hemisphere. 9 minutes for the South Hemisphere.

Figure 70.- Emersion of Campanus seen from the North Hemisphere (04:09:00).

Figure 71.- Emersion of Campanus seen from the South Hemisphere (04:09:00). TIMING OF THE OCULTATION OF STARS BY THE MOON FROM MADRID

GSC 837 606

Mv = 9,4

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:12:45

ACTIVITY IN MADRID :

04:11:00 Monitor the star GSC 837 606 in the South of the Moon (see figure 61). Record time.

04:12:45 When the star dissapears, record the time identifying the event (“Ocultation star 8”) and take a picture with the camera (if available).

04.14:00 Set chronometer alarm at 04:18:00.

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM MADRID

Interval until next step...... 4 minutes.

Figure 61.- Ocultation of the star GSC 837 606 (Mv = 9,4). A. P. 178º. Seen from Madrid. North up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the ocultation is visible from other Western Europe sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

KEPLER

Category Diameter Depth Crater 32 Km 2570 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:19:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:18:00 Once the alarm rings, Monitor point of Emersion of Crater Kepler (figures 72 and 73). Record Time.

04:09:00 At the emersion of Crater Kepler, record the time identifying the event (“Kepler”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 2 minutes.

Figure 72.- Emersion of Kepler seen from the North Hemisphere (04:19:00).

Figure 73.- Emersion of Kepler seen from the South Hemisphere (04:19:00). TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

ARISTARCHUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 40 Km 3000 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:22:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:21:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Crater Aristarchus (figures 74 and 75). Record Time.

04:22:00 At the emersion of Crater Aristarchus, record the time identifying the event (“Aristarchus”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 1 minute for the North Hemisphere. 4 minutes for the South Hemisphere.

Figure 74.- Emersion of Aristarchus seen from the North Hemisphere (04:22:00).

Figure 75.- Emersion of Aristarchus seen from the South Hemisphere (04:22:00). TIMING OF THE OCULTATION OF STARS BY THE MOON FROM MADRID

GSC 837 40

Mv = 9,8

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:24:45

ACTIVITY IN MADRID :

04:23:00 Monitor the star GSC 837 40 in the Oeste of the Moon (see figure 61). Record time.

04:24:45 When the star dissapears, record the time identifying the event (“Ocultation star 9”) and take a picture with the camera (if available).

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM MADRID

Interval until next step...... 1 minute.

Figure 61.- Ocultation of the star GSC 837 40 (Mv = 8,8). A. P. 114º. Seen from Madrid. North up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the ocultation is visible from other Western Europe sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

COPERNICUS

Category Diameter Depth Impact 93 Km 3760 m Ring

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:27:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:26:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Impact Ring Copernicus (figures 76 and 77). Record Time.

04:27:00 At the emersion of Crater Aristarchus, record the time identifying the event (“Aristarchus”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 2 minutes.

Figure 76.- Emersion of Copernicus seen from the North Hemisphere (04:27:00).

Figure 77.- Emersion of Copernicus seen from the South Hemisphere (04:27:00). TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

PYTHEAS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 20 Km 2530 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:30:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:29:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Crater PYTHEAS (figures 78 and 79). Record Time.

04:30:00 At the emersion of Crater PYTHEAS, record the time identifying the event (“PYTHEAS”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 1 minute for the North Hemisphere; ...... 5 minutes for the South Hemisphere.

Figure 78.- Emersion of PYTHEAS seen from the North Hemisphere (04:30:00).

Figure 79.- Emersion of Pytheas seen from the South Hemisphere (04:30:00). TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF STARS FROM THE MOON FROM MADRID

GSC 837 442

Mv = 9,9

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:32:50

ACTIVITY IN MADRID :

04:31:00 Monitor the western limb of the moon around the area where the star must appear (see figure 63).

04:32:50 At the star emersion record time identifying the event (“Emersion star 6”) and take a picture with the camera.

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM MADRID

Interval until next step...... 2 minutes.

Figure 63.- Emersion of the star GSC 837 442 (Mv = 9,9). A. P. 288º. Seen from Madrid. North up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the Emersion is visible from other Western Europe sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

TIMOCHARIS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 34 Km 3110 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:36:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:35:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Crater Timocharis (figures 80 and 81). Record Time.

04:36:00 At the emersion of Crater Timocharis, record the time identifying the event (“Timocharis”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minute for the North Hemisphere; ...... 5 minutes for the South Hemisphere.

Figure 80.- Emersion of Timocharis seen from the North Hemisphere (04:36:00).

Figure 81.- Emersion of Timocharis seen from the South Hemisphere (04:36:00).

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF STARS FROM THE MOON FROM MADRID

GSC 837 82

Mv = 9,8

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:37:25

ACTIVITY IN MADRID :

04:36:00 Monitor limb SE of the Moon, where the star must appear (see figure 64).

03:37:25 At the star emersion record time identifying the event (“Emersion star 7”) and take a picture with the camera.

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM MADRID

Interval until next step...... 3 minutes.

Figure 64.- Emersion of the star GSC 837 82 (Mv = 9,8). A. P. 254º. Seen from Madrid. North up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the Emersion is visible from other Western Europe sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

DIONYSIUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 18 Km 2700 m

MANILIUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 39 Km 3050 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:42:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:41:00 Monitor the area of Emersion of the Craters Dionysius and Manilius (figures 82 and 83).

04:42:00 At the Emersion of the Craters Dionysius and Manilius, record the time identifying the event (“Dionysius and Manilius”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

NOTE: If the ocultation is not simultaneous, the the times of each event separately. .

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 1 minute.

Figure 82.- Emersion of Dionysius and Manilius seen from the North Hemisphere (04:2:00).

Figure 83.- Emersion of Dionysius and Manilius seen from the South Hemisphere (04:42:00). TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

PLATO

Category Diameter Depth Filled Basin 101 Km 1000 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:44:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:43:00 Monitor point of Emersion of the Plato walled plain (figures 84 and 85). Record Time.

04:44:00 Timing the umbra exit of both borders and calculate the average. A the Emersion of the llanura amurallada Plato, record the time identifying the event (“Plato”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 1 minute;

Figure 84.- Emersion of Plato seen from the North Hemisphere (04:44:00).

Figure 85.- Emersion of Plato seen from the South Hemisphere (04:44:00). TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

MENELAUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 27 Km 3010 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:46:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:45:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Crater Menelaus (figures 80 and 81). Record Time.

04:46:00 At the emersion of Crater Menelaus, record the time identifying the event (“Menelaus”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes.

Figure 86.- Emersion of Menelaus seen from the North Hemisphere (04:46:00).

Figure 87.- Emersion of Menelaus seen from the South Hemisphere (04:46:00). TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

GOCLENIUS

Category Diameter Depth Circus 54x72 Km 1500 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:47:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:46:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Circus Goclenius (figures 88 and 89). Record Time.

04:47:00 Timing the umbra exit of both borders and calculate the average. At the emersion of Circus Goclenius, record the time identifying the event (“Goclenius”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 1 minute;

Figure 88.- Emersion of Goclenius seen from the North Hemisphere (04:47:00).

Figure 89.- Emersion of Goclenius seen from the South Hemisphere (04:47:00).

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

PLINIUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 43 Km 2320 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:49:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:48:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Crater Plinius (figures 90 and 91). Record Time.

04:49:00 At the emersion of Crater Plinius, record the time identifying the event (“Plinius”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minute for the North Hemisphere; ...... 1 minute for the South Hemisphere.

Figure 90.- Emersion of Plinius seen from the North Hemisphere (04:49:00).

Figure 91.- Emersion of Plinius seen from the South Hemisphere (04:49:00). TIMING OF THE OCULTATION OF STARS BY THE MOON FROM MADRID

GSC 837 606

Mv = 9,4

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:50:30

SIXTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION From Madrid (from other sites, see note). Large Aperture Telescope with a medium power magnification (200x) without polarizers. Chronometer with alarm Optional picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

ACTIVITY IN MADRID :

04:49:00 Monitor limb SSE of the Moon, where the star must appear (see figure 65).

04:50:30 At the star emersion record time identifying the event (“Emersion star 8”) and take a picture with the camera.

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM MADRID

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes.

Figure 65.- Emersion of GSC 837 606 (Mv = 9,4). A.P. 250º. Seen from Madrid. North up.

Measured Time

NOTE: In order to know if the Emersion is visible from other Western Europe sites and the time, it is necessary to perform a new simulation.

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

EUDOXUS

Category Diameter Depth Circus 67 Km 3350 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:51:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:50:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Circus Eudoxus (figures 92 and 93). Record Time.

04:51:00 Timing the umbra exit of both borders and calculate the average. At the emersion of Circus Eudoxus, record the time identifying the event (“Eudoxus”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes;

Figure 92.- Emersion of Eudoxus seen from the North Hemisphere (04:51:00).

Figure 93.- Emersion of Eudoxus seen from the South Hemisphere (04:51:00). TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

ARISTOTELES

Category Diameter Depth Circus 87 Km 3700 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:52:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:51:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Circus Aristoteles (figures 94 and 95). Record Time.

04:52:00 Timing the umbra exit of both borders and calculate the average. At the emersion of Circus Aristoteles, record the time identifying the event (“Aristoteles”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes;

Figure 94.- Emersion of Aristoteles seen from the North Hemisphere (04:52:00).

Figure 95.- Emersion of Aristoteles seen from the South Hemisphere (04:52:00).

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

LANGRENUS

Category Diameter Depth Circus 132 Km 2600 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:53:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:52:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Circus Langrenus (figures 94 and 95). Record Time.

04:53:00 Timing the umbra exit of both borders and calculate the average. At the emersion of Circus Langrenus, record the time identifying the event (“Langrenus”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 1 minute;

Figure 96.- Emersion of Langrenus seen from the North Hemisphere (04:53:00).

Figure 97.- Emersion of Langrenus seen from the South Hemisphere (04:53:00).

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

TARUNTIUS

Category Diameter Depth Circus 56 Km 1150 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:55:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:54:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Circus Taruntius (figures 94 and 95). Record Time.

04:55:00 Timing the umbra exit of both borders and calculate the average. At the emersion of Circus Taruntius, record the time identifying the event (“Taruntius”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minutes for the North Hemisphere; ...... 3 minutes for the South Hemisphere.

Figure 98.- Emersion of Taruntius seen from the North Hemisphere (04:55:00).

Figure 99.- Emersion of Taruntius seen from the South Hemisphere (04:55:00).

TIMING OF THE TANGENT OCULTATION OF STARS BY THE MOON FROM MADRID

GSC 837 143

Mv = 9,8

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope Chronometer with alarm Voice Recorder Camera DSLR (opcional, if a second telescope is available).

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:56:30

ACTIVITY IN MADRID :

04:55:00 Monitor South limb of the Moon, where the star must tangentially pass (see figure 66).

04:56:30 In the contact of the star with the limb, record the time identifying the (“Tangent Star”) and take a picture with the camera.

NOTE: If the contact is not produced, identify the event as “Negative”.

EVENTUAL END OF THE ACTIVITY FROM MADRID

Interval until next step...... 1 minute.

Figure 66.- Tangent Passage of the star GSC 837 143 (Mv = 9,8). A. P. 215º. Seen for Madrid. North up.

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 1 minute;

TIMING OF THE EMERSION OF LUNAR FEATURES FROM THE EARTH SHADOW

PROCLUS

Category Diameter Depth Crater 28 Km 2400 m

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Medium Focal Telescope (if available) DSLR Camera (if the auxiliar telescope is available) GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

ESTIMATED TIME: 04:59:00

SEVENTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP 04:58:00 Monitor point of Emersion of Crater Proclus (figures 100 and 101). Record Time.

04:59:00 At the emersion of Crater Proclus, record the time identifying the event (“Proclus”). Take a picture if aditional telescope and camera are available.

Maintain the voice recorder (if available) operating until the last contact with the umbra (50 minutes).

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 0 minute for the North Hemisphere; ...... 1 minute for the South Hemisphere.

Figure 100.- Emersion of Proclus seen from the North Hemisphere (04:59:00).

Figure 101.- Emersion of Proclus seen from the South Hemisphere (04:59:00).

TIMING OF THE ECLIPSE CONTACTS

LAST CONTACT WITH THE UMBRA

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Telescope of focal media; Binoculars; Chronometer with alarm GPS and/or Chronometer and Voice recorder.

TIME: 05:08:24

FOURTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION Large Aperture Telescope attached to a DSLR Camera with shutter cable Auxiliar telescope with a medium power eyepiece (200x). Binoculars of 8x50.

ACTIVITY Put the shutter cable of the camera in mode CONTINUOUS; Point the Telescope to the limb SW of the Moon;

05:07:30 Record the event identification (“Last contact with the umbra”) and a time record

05:08:00 Start the continuous capture while it is monitored the limb SE of the Moon (figures 174 and 175);

05:08:24 When the umbra dissapears completely, record a time mark and stop the photographic sequence.

END of the FOURTH ACTIVITY.

NOTE: This ACTIVITY could continue until 06:15:18. Its utility is not clear.

Measured Time

Interval until next step...... 3 minutes.

Figure 174.- Last Contact with the Umbra seen from the North Hemisphere (05:08:24).

Figure 175.- Last Contact with the Umbra seen from the South Hemisphere (05:08:24). LTP MONITORING

Proposed Equipment. Large Aperture Telescope; Binoscope or a filter wheel Red Filter (Wratten #25) and Blue Filter (Wratten #38); Camera DSLR; Camera web.

INTERVAL: 05:10:00 - 05:30:00

ACTIVITY Only for very experienced observers.

05:10:00 Start visual exploration by blinking eye observation of Aristarchus, Proclus, Plato, Tycho, Dionysius and Grimaldi (see following pictures from both hemispheres);.

05:30:00 End of the ACTIVITY (opcional);

In case of discovery or suspect of a LTP by darkening take a picture. Look for a confirmation by other observers.

In case of discovery or suspect of a LTP by color change, take video (aprox. 500 frames AVI) with a webcam configured for color capture.

05:40:00 Record the time and the result (“Positive” or “Negative”). Stop the voice recorder.

END OF ALL THE PLANNED ACTIVITIES.

NORTH HEMISPHERE

Plato Proclus Dionysius

Tycho

Aristarchus Grimaldi

SOUTH HEMISPHERE

Plato Proclus Dionysius

Tycho

Aristarchus Grimaldi

TIMING OF THE ECLIPSE CONTACTS

LAST CONTACT WITH THE PENUMBRA

FOURTH ACTIVITY STEP BY STEP

It isn´t a preseen ACTIVITY.

Optionally:

06:14:00 Start the voice recorder.

06:15:18 Take a picture. Record Time and identify the event (“Last contact with the penumbra”).

00:36:30 Stop the voice recorder.

Figure 176.- Last contact with the penumbra from Madrid (06:15:18).

Figure 176.- Last contact with the penumbra from Buenos Aires (06:15:18).

END OF ALL THE ACTIVITIES