DOCSLIB.ORG

7Th World Congress on ADHD: from Child to Adult Disorder

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
7Th World Congress on ADHD: from Child to Adult Disorder ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord (2019) 11(Suppl 1):S1–S89 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-019-00295-7 ABSTRACTS Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2019 7th World Congress on ADHD: From Child to Adult Disorder 25th–28th April, Lisbon Portugal Editors: Manfred Gerlach, Wu¨rzburg Peter Riederer, Wu¨rzburg Andreas Warnke, Wu¨rzburg Luis Rohde, Porto Alegre 123 S2 ABSTRACTS Introduction Dear Colleagues and Friends, We are pleased to have received more than 180 poster abstracts as well as more than 100 poster abstracts from young scientists and clinicians (\ 35 years) who applied for our Young Scientists’ Award. Of all abstracts submitted by our young colleagues, the Scientific Programme Committee has selected the best eight. The authors have been invited to give a presentation as part of our two Young Scientist Award Sessions and to receive a prize money in the amount of 500 Euros. With this approach, we intend to highlight the importance of original scientific contributions, especially from our young colleagues. In this volume, the abstracts of our two Young Scientist Award Sessions come first, followed by regular poster abstracts. These have been organized by topics: Aetiology, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Co-morbidity, Diagnosis, Electrophysiology, Epidemiology, Experimental Models, Genetics, Neuroimaging, Non-pharmacological Treatment, Pathophysiology, Pharmacological Treatment, Quality of Life/Caregiver Burden, Substance Use Disorders and Miscellaneous. Submitted abstracts have not been modified in any way. Please, do not just read the selected poster abstracts, we also encourage you to actively discuss and share your ideas with our young colleagues. Finally, we would like thank all our speakers, contributors and sponsors of our 7th World Congress on ADHD: from Childhood to Adult Disease, and welcome you to join—what we are sure will be—a very enjoyable and highly informative event. Thank you very much for your participation! With kind regards, Luis Rohde Congress President President World Federation of ADHD Manfred Gerlach Chairmen Scientific Programme Committee 123 7th World Congress on ADHD: From Child to Adult Disorder S3 Young Scientists Awards Methods: To test this hypothesis, we obtained postmortem brain RNA-sequencing data from unaffected donors from the Allen Brain Atlas for cortical and subcortical regions that were analyzed by the Effects of methylphenidate on sleep in children ENIGMA-ADHD Working Group. We extracted expression levels of with ADHD gene sets that were selected based on hypotheses derived from prior work. We performed deconvolution of the bulk transcriptomic data I. Ferreira*, A. Amorim, C. Costa, B. Salgueiro, T. Aguiar, from the Allen Brain Atlas to determine the typical abundance of F. Fonseca, H. Loureiro neuronal and non-neuronal cells per brain region. We tested the correlation between gene set expression levels, cell abundance, and *Hospitalar Prof.Dr. Fernando Fonseca, Linda-a-Velha, Portugal regional changes in brain sizes observed in ADHD cases. Results: We found statistically significant correlations between Objectives: Sleep disorders are frequent amongst children and ado- reductions in brain region size in ADHD cases and expression levels lescents with ADHD and can add to the impairment of the disorder. of genes involved in apoptosis, autophagy, and neurodevelopment. Stimulant medication like methylphenidate (MPH) can also have an Furthermore, we identified significant associations between reduc- impact on sleep. The goal of our study was to analyse sleep archi- tions in regional brain size in ADHD and abundance of glial and tecture of children with ADHD and the impact of MPH on sleep. progenitor cell types. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical records of children Conclusions: We conclude that expression levels of gene sets with ADHD that performed polysomnography (PSG type I) between involved in brain development and response to cell stress, coupled January 2016 and December 2018. We divided the sample into two with the organization of brain cell types, may contribute to selective groups: group A, with MPH and group B, without MPH, and com- brain region vulnerability in ADHD. pared sleep patterns. To analyse statistical significance, we used StataCorp. 2009. Stata Statistical Software and Wilcoxon Mann Whitney/T-student tests. Results: Total of 72 patients with ADHD. The most frequent ADHD Neurocognitive markers of late-onset ADHD: a 6-year subtype was inattentive (32%). Comparing sleep architecture between longitudinal study group A (n = 41/55%) and group B (n = 31/41%): mean Sleep effi- ciency was higher in group B (B 83.8%/A 78.1%) with statistical significance (p = 0.0498). Not statistically significant: Mean sleep S. Ilbegi*, J. K. Buitelaar, P. Hoekstra, C. Hartman, B. Franke, latency (A 33.5 min/B 31 min p = 0.8645). Mean duration of Stage S. Faraone, M. Luman, M. van Lieshout, N. Rommelse N2 (A 58.6 min/B 60.5 min. p = 0.2151), mean duration of Stage N3 (A 27.2 min/B 25.1 min. p = 0.1777), mean REM sleep latency (A *Radboud Univers. Medisch Centrum, Arnhem, The Netherlands 159.8 min/B 180.4 min. p = 0.1812) and mean REM sleep (A 13.2%/ Objectives: There is increased interest in ‘late-onset’ ADHD, refer- B 13.7%. p = 0.6516). Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) was frequent ring to the onset of clinically significant ADHD symptoms after the in both groups (group A 82%/B 87%), but differences weren’t sig- age 12, i.e. in adolescence or adulthood. Biological siblings of ADHD nificant (p = 0.4061). probands who are unaffected in childhood may be at increased risk for Conclusions: Our results suggest that MPH does not affect signifi- developing late-onset of ADHD. cantly sleep architecture, except for sleep efficiency. Our revision of Aim: To examine whether unaffected siblings with late-onset ADHD the literature also found few consistent findings. We highlight the fact could be differentiated from stable unaffected siblings by their neu- that OSA was a predominant feature and should be evaluated in these rocognitive functioning in childhood. patients, since it knowledgeably influences sleep architecture. We Methods: We report findings from a 6-year prospective, longitudinal acknowledge however that finding a relationship between sleep and study of a subsample of the Dutch part of the International Multi- medication is complex, because other sample characteristics may center ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study, including individuals with impact sleep findings, and thus influence results. childhood-onset (persistent) ADHD (n = 111), late-onset ADHD (n = 34), stable unaffected siblings (n = 111), and healthy controls (n = 186). At study entry (mean age: 11.3) and follow-up (mean age: 17.01) participants were comprehensively assessed on ADHD by Genes and brain cell types linked with selective structured psychiatric interviews and multi-informant questionnaires. neuronal vulnerability in ADHD Several neurocognitive functions including time reproduction, timing variability (reaction time variability and time production variability), J. Hess*, J. Patak, S. Glatt, S. Faraone reaction time speed, motor control, working memory, and intelligence were assessed at baseline and after 6 years. *SUNY Upstate, Syracuse, USA Results: Siblings with late-onset ADHD were similar to individuals with childhood-onset ADHD in showing longer reaction times and/or Objectives: A series of large multi-site mega-analyses of structural higher error rates on all neurocognitive measures at baseline and brain imaging data led by the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics follow-up, when compared to healthy controls; they differed from through Meta-analysis (ENGIMA) Network found specific cortical stable unaffected siblings by greater reaction time variability and and subcortical regions that are significantly smaller in individuals timing production variability at baseline. No significant group by time diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) interaction was present for all tasks. compare to unaffected controls. Those studies provided important Conclusions: Neurocognitive dysfunction, in particular for reaction insight into neuroanatomical changes in ADHD, but it is unclear why time variability and timing production variability, may serve among some brain regions are affected by ADHD while other regions remain unaffected siblings as risk biomarkers for late-onset ADHD. spared. We hypothesized that spatial variation in the organization of brain cells and/or gene expression levels across brain regions may contribute to selective neuroanatomical changes seen in ADHD. 123 S4 ABSTRACTS Genetic alteration of CADM1 is associated with ADHD Early predictors for late-onset ADHD symptoms during early life: an exploratory study with genetic, neuroimaging and animal model methods C. K. Liu*, J.-B. Pingault, P. Asherson, C. Greven, E. Viding *University College of London, London, UK J. Jin*, L. Liu, Q. Gao, H. Li, Y. Wang, Q. Qian Objectives: ADHD has been conceptualised as a childhood-onset *University of Beijing, Peking, People’s Republic of China neurodevelopmental disorder. However, a considerable number of studies have identified the emergence of ADHD symptoms beyond Objectives: Genes related to cell adhesion pathway is thought to the childhood years. In addition, different childhood characteristics contribute to the genetic architecture of Attention-Deficit Hyperac- were found between late-onset of ADHD and early-onset ADHD. tivity Disorder (ADHD). Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) is cell Despite the increasing knowledge
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rhynchophylline Loaded-Mpeg-PLGA Nanoparticles Coated with Tween-80 for Preliminary Study in Alzheimer's Disease
    International Journal of Nanomedicine Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article ORIGINAL RESEARCH Rhynchophylline Loaded-mPEG-PLGA Nanoparticles Coated with Tween-80 for Preliminary Study in Alzheimer’sDisease This article was published in the following Dove Press journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine Ruiling Xu1 Purpose: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a growing concern in the modern society. The current Junying Wang1 drugs approved by FDA are not very promising. Rhynchophylline (RIN) is a major active Juanjuan Xu1 tetracyclic oxindole alkaloid stem from traditional Chinese medicine uncaria species, which fi Xiangrong Song2 has potential activities bene cial for the treatment of AD. However, the application of Hai Huang 2 rhynchophylline for AD treatment is restricted by the low water solubility, low concentration in brain tissue and low bioavailability. And there is no study of brain-targeting therapy with Yue Feng 3 RIN. In this work, we prepared rhynchophylline loaded methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)–poly Chunmei Fu1 (dl-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-PLGA) nanoparticles (NPS-RIN), which coupled with 1Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Tween 80 (T80) further for brain targeting delivery (T80-NPS-RIN). Drug Delivery System of the Education Methods: Preparation and characterization of T80-NPS-RIN were followed by the detection Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced of transportation across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) model in vitro, biodistribution and Drug and Sichuan Research Center for neuroprotective effects of nanoparticles. Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Results: The results indicated T80-NPS-RIN could usefully assist RIN to pass through the University, Chengdu 610041, People’s BBB to the brain.
    [Show full text]
  • European Chemistry Congress June 16-18, 2016 Rome, Italy
    conferenceseries.com conferenceseries.com 513th Conference European Chemistry Congress June 16-18, 2016 Rome, Italy Posters Page 98 Adriana A Lopes et al., Chem Sci J 2016, 7:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2150-3494.C1.003 conferenceseries.com European Chemistry Congress June 16-18, 2016 Rome, Italy Unnatural fluoro-oxindole alkaloids produced by Uncaria guianensis plantlets Adriana A Lopes, Bruno Musquiari, Suzelei de C França and Ana Maria S Pereira Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Brazil atural products and their analogues have been sources of numerous important therapeutic agents. The medicinal plant NU. guianensis (Rubiaceae) cultured in vitro produce four oxindole alkaloids that displays anti-tumoral activity. Natural products can be modified by several approaches, one of which is precursor-directed biosynthesis (PDB). Thus, the aim of this work was apply precursor-directed biosynthesis approach to obtain oxindole alkaloids analogues using in vitro Uncaria guianensis. Plantletes were cultivated into culture medium supplemented with 1mM of 6-fluoro-tryptamine, the indol precursor of alkaloids biosynthesis. U. guianensis explants were maintained at 25±2°C, 55-60% relative humidity under the same photoperiod and light intensity. After 30 days, a methanolic extract from U. guianensis was obtained and analysed by HPLC- DAD analytical procedure. The chromatogram showed four natural alkaloids (mitraphylline, isomitraphylline, rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline and four additional peaks. Semi-preparative HPLC allowed isolation and purification of these four oxindole alkaloids analogues and the identity of the peaks was confirmed from high-resolution MS data (HRESIMS/MS in positive mode). All data confirmed that Uncaria guianensis produced fluoro-oxindole alkaloids analogues.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neuropsychological Functioning of Men Residing in a Homeless Shelter
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Dissertations (1934 -) Projects The Neuropsychological Functioning of Men Residing in a Homeless Shelter Sara Murray Hegerty Marquette University Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu Part of the Psychiatry and Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Hegerty, Sara Murray, "The Neuropsychological Functioning of Men Residing in a Homeless Shelter" (2009). Dissertations (1934 -). 3. https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/3 THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING OF MEN RESIDING IN A HOMELESS SHELTER by Sara Murray Hegerty, M.A. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin August 2010 ABSTRACT THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING OF MEN RESIDING IN A HOMELESS SHELTER Sara Murray Hegerty, M.A. Marquette University, 2010 The number of homeless individuals in the U.S. has continued to increase, with men comprising the majority of this population. These men are at substantial risk for neuropsychological impairment due to several factors, such as substance misuse, severe mental illness, untreated medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, liver disease, HIV/AIDS), poor nutrition, and the increased likelihood of suffering a traumatic brain injury. Impairments in attention, memory, executive functioning, and other neuropsychological domains can result in poor daily functioning and difficulty engaging in psychological, medical, or educational services. Thus, knowledge of the neuropsychological functioning of homeless men is critical for those who work with this population. Yet data in this area are limited. This study aimed to describe the functioning of men residing in an urban homeless shelter across the domains of attention/concentration, memory, executive functions, language, sensory-motor abilities, general intelligence, and reading ability.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Antidepressant-Like Activity of the Ethanolic Extract from Uncaria Lanosa Wallich Var. Appendiculata Ridsd in T
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2012, Article ID 497302, 12 pages doi:10.1155/2012/497302 Research Article Antidepressant-Like Activity of the Ethanolic Extract from Uncaria lanosa Wallich var. appendiculata Ridsd in the Forced Swimming Test and in the Tail Suspension Test in Mice Lieh-Ching Hsu,1 Yu-Jen Ko,1 Hao-Yuan Cheng,2 Ching-Wen Chang,1 Yu-Chin Lin,3 Ying-Hui Cheng,1 Ming-Tsuen Hsieh,1 and Wen Huang Peng1 1 School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan 2 Department of Nursing, Chung Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, No. 1-10 Da-Hu, Hu-Bei Village, Da-Lin Township, Chia-Yi 62241, Taiwan 3 Department of Biotechnology, TransWorld University, No. 1221, Jen-Nang Road, Chia-Tong Li, Douliou, Yunlin 64063, Taiwan Correspondence should be addressed to Hao-Yuan Cheng, [email protected] and Wen Huang Peng, [email protected] Received 23 November 2011; Revised 30 January 2012; Accepted 30 January 2012 Academic Editor: Vincenzo De Feo Copyright © 2012 Lieh-Ching Hsu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This study investigated the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of U. lanosa Wallich var. appendiculata Ridsd (ULEtOH)for two-weeks administrations by using FST and TST on mice. In order to understand the probable mechanism of antidepressant-like activity of ULEtOH in FST and TST, the researchers measured the levels of monoamines and monoamine oxidase activities in mice brain, and combined the antidepressant drugs (fluoxetine, imipramine, maprotiline, clorgyline, bupropion and ketanserin).
    [Show full text]
  • Ep 1553091 A1
    Europäisches Patentamt *EP001553091A1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 1 553 091 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION published in accordance with Art. 158(3) EPC (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.7: C07D 263/32, C07D 417/14, 13.07.2005 Bulletin 2005/28 C07D 333/20, C07D 413/12, C07D 417/06 (21) Application number: 04726765.3 (86) International application number: (22) Date of filing: 09.04.2004 PCT/JP2004/005119 (87) International publication number: WO 2004/089918 (21.10.2004 Gazette 2004/43) (84) Designated Contracting States: • SAKAMOTO, Johei AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1125 (JP) HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR • NAKANISHI, Hiroyuki Designated Extension States: Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1125 (JP) AL HR LT LV MK • NAKAGAWA, Yuichi Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1125 (JP) (30) Priority: 09.04.2003 JP 2003105267 • OHTA, Takeshi 03.06.2003 JP 2003157590 Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1125 (JP) • SAKATA, Shohei (71) Applicant: Japan Tobacco Inc. Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1125 (JP) Tokyo 105-8422 (JP) • MORINAGA, Hisayo Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1125 (JP) (72) Inventors: • IKEMOTO, Tomoyuki (74) Representative: Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1125 (JP) von Kreisler, Alek, Dipl.-Chem. et al • TANAKA, Masahiro Deichmannhaus am Dom, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1125 (JP) Postfach 10 22 41 • YUNO, Takeo 50462 Köln (DE) Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1125 (JP) (54) HETEROAROMATIC PENTACYCLIC COMPOUND AND MEDICINAL USE THEREOF (57) A 5-membered heteroaromatic ring compound represented by the formula [I] 1 2 4 5 7 wherein V is CH or N; W is S or O; R and R are each H etc.; X is -N(R )-, -O-, -S-, -SO2-N(R )-, -CO-N(R )- etc.; L is EP 1 553 091 A1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) (Cont.
    [Show full text]
  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive
    brain sciences Review Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive Subtype/Presentation: Research Progress and Translational Studies Ike C. de la Peña 1,* , Michael C. Pan 2,3, Chau Giang Thai 1 and Tamara Alisso 1 1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; [email protected] (C.G.T.); [email protected] (T.A.) 2 Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; [email protected] 3 Division of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas Tacloban College, Tacloban 6500, Philippines * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-909-651-5995; Fax: +1-909-558-0446 Received: 23 April 2020; Accepted: 9 May 2020; Published: 14 May 2020 Abstract: Research on the predominantly inattentive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-PI) subtype/presentation is important given its high prevalence, but paradoxically it is under-recognized and undertreated. The temporal stability of the inattention symptom could impact the high worldwide prevalence of ADHD-PI. Some evidence suggests differences in the nature of attentional deficit in ADHD-PI vs. that in other subtypes. Impairments in neuropsychological, neurocognitive, and social functioning are also evident in ADHD-PI, which could be specific to the subtype (e.g., processing speed, social perception, and skills), or differ from others in severity. Neuroimaging studies have also revealed ADHD-PI-specific neuropathological abnormalities and those that are shared with other subtypes. ADHD-PI is highly comorbid with learning and internalizing (e.g., anxiety and depression) disorders. There is no solid evidence for ADHD-PI-specific genetic etiologies and differential responses of subtypes to ADHD medications.
    [Show full text]
  • Honing in on the Social Difficulties Associated with Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Children: Withdrawal, Peer Ignoring, and Low Engagement
    Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology ISSN: 1537-4416 (Print) 1537-4424 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/hcap20 Honing in on the Social Difficulties Associated With Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Children: Withdrawal, Peer Ignoring, and Low Engagement Stephen P. Becker, Annie A. Garner, Leanne Tamm, Tanya N. Antonini & Jeffery N. Epstein To cite this article: Stephen P. Becker, Annie A. Garner, Leanne Tamm, Tanya N. Antonini & Jeffery N. Epstein (2017): Honing in on the Social Difficulties Associated With Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Children: Withdrawal, Peer Ignoring, and Low Engagement, Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1286595 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1286595 Published online: 13 Mar 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 55 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=hcap20 Download by: [University of Iowa Libraries] Date: 31 March 2017, At: 09:20 Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 00(00), 1–10, 2017 Copyright © 2017 Society of Clinical Child & Adoloscent Psychology ISSN: 1537-4416 print/1537-4424 online DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1286595 Honing in on the Social Difficulties Associated With Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Children: Withdrawal, Peer Ignoring, and Low Engagement Stephen P. Becker Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Annie A. Garner Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University Leanne Tamm Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Tanya N.
    [Show full text]
  • Full-Text (PDF)
    Review ARticle دوره هفتم، شماره سوم، تابستان 1398 دوره هفتم، شماره سوم، تابستان 1398 Review on the Third International Neuroinflammation Congress and Student Fes tival of Neuroscience in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 1 2 1, 3* Sayed Mos tafa Modarres Mousavi , Sajad Sahab Negah , Ali Gorji 1Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Neuroscience, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 3 Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Wes tfälische Wilhelms-Universität Müns ter, Müns ter, Germany Article Info: Received: 11 June 2019 Revised: 12 June 2019 Accepted: 13 June 2019 ABSTRACT Introduction: Neuroinflammation congress was the third in a series of annual events aimed to facilitate the inves tigative and analytical discussions on a range of neuroinflammatory diseases. The neuroinflammation congress focused on various neuroinflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases. The conference was held in June 11-13, 2019 and organized by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and Muns ter University, which aimed to shed light on the causes of neuroinflammatory diseases and uncover new treatment pathways. Conclusion: Through a comprehensive scientific program with a broad basic and clinical aspects, we discussed the basic aspects of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration up to the s tate-of-the-art treatments. In this congress, 334 scientific topics were presented and discussed. Key words:
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment-Resistant Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical
    Review Treatment-resistant Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical Significance, Concept, and Management Mu‑Hong Chen, M.D., Ph.D.1,2, Kai‑Lin Huang, M.D.1,2, Ju‑Wei Hsu, M.D.1,2,*, Shih‑Jen Tsai, M.D.1,2,* 1Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 2Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang‑Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Abstract Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder known to cause impairment across the lifespan. ADHD was ranked as approximately the 50th leading cause of global years lived with disability for children, coming in ahead of diabetes, meningitis, and intellectual disability. About 20%–40% of patients with ADHD would not achieve the treatment response and symptomatic remission, increasing future risks of substance abuse, suicidal behavior, and premature mortality. However, there is no standard consensus for defining treatment resistance in ADHD.Method: In this systematic review, we intend to focus on treatment-resistant ADHD in the aspects of disease definition, psychopathology, pathophysiology, and treatment. Results: We suggest that the more ideal strategy of defining treatment resistance should consider the improvement of ADHD symptoms and the global functioning simultaneously. Psychiatric comorbidities (i.e. destructive behavior disorders and mood disorders), physical comorbidities (i.e. epilepsy), and psychosocial adversities (i.e. parental psychopathology and poor family functioning) should be the first to be assessed in the evaluation of treatment response or resistance. The optimal medication adjustment or the combination of medications and psychotherapy may be the potential therapeutic strategy for treatment-resistant ADHD. Conclusion: Further studies would be necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of treatment-resistant ADHD and to research the novel treatment strategies for ADHD.
    [Show full text]
  • Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
    Research RESEARCH BRIEFS Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Current Knowledge and Future Directions by Lisa Jacobson, PhD, NCSP Do you find yourself saying, “Come on! Hurry up!” multiple times each day? Maybe she is your daughter or he is a student in your classroom. She is the last one to com- plete her work, turn in that test, or even get her things together to go home. Even when he is paying attention, he just seems to need longer than anyone else to get the job done. Neither child is particularly hyperactive. Could this be ADHD? Something else? in interest in better characterizing the be- almost sixty percent of those with SCT The something else might be sluggish havioral characteristics of sluggish cogni- also met criteria for diagnosis of ADHD cognitive tempo (SCT). A growing body of tive tempo and determining whether and and close to forty percent of those meet- evidence suggests that SCT is a distinct be- to what degree symptoms are distinct from ing the diagnostic symptom threshold for havioral pattern, or phenotype, that is both ADHD and other childhood disorders. ADHD also had SCT. Other studies have overlapping and yet distinct from ADHD similarly found that approximately thirty and other childhood disorders. Identified Measuring SCT symptoms to sixty percent of youth with ADHD inat- during field trials for the fourth edition of SCT symptoms are usually measured with tentive type show high levels of SCT.These the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of behavior rating scales, typically completed numbers suggest that a large proportion Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), SCT is char- by parents or teachers.
    [Show full text]
  • Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) (AKA) Crichton Syndrome Severity Will Be Specified
    Adult AD/HD Update for the Practicing Clinician Kevin T. Blake, Ph.D., P.L.C. Tucson, Arizona Southwest Continuing Education Kevin T. Blake, Ph.D., P.L.C. www.drkevintblake.com 1 All Rights Reserved In the effort to comply with the appropriate boards/associations, I declare that I do have affiliations with or financial interest in a commercial organization that could pose a conflict of interest with my presentation. Adult AD/HD Update for the Practicing Clinician Kevin T. Blake, Ph.D., P.L.C. owns shares in the following companies: Amgen, Inc. Johnson & Johnson, Inc. Southwest Continuing Education Kevin T. Blake, Ph.D., P.L.C. www.drkevintblake.com 2 All Rights Reserved “DSM®, DSM-IV-TR®, and DSM-5® are registered trademarks of the American Psychiatric Association. The American Psychiatric Association is not affiliated with nor endorses this seminar.” Kevin T. Blake, Ph.D., P.L.C. www.drkevintblake.com 3 All Rights Reserved What is a Disorder? • A disorder is a harmful dysfunction of a naturally selected mechanism. Wakefield, J.C. (1999). Evolutionary Versus Prototype Analysis of the Concept of Disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108 (3), pp. 374-399. • It must cause a dysfunction in a trait every human develops and create impairment in a major life activity. Barkley, R.A. (2006). Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Third Edition. New York, NY: Guilford, p. 86, 92-93. Kevin T. Blake, Ph.D., P.L.C. www.drkevintblake.com 4 All Rights Reserved What is a Developmental Disorder? It is disorder characterized by a significant delay in the rate a normal human trait develops in an individual.
    [Show full text]
  • World of Cognitive Enhancers
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 11 September 2020 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.546796 The Psychonauts’ World of Cognitive Enhancers Flavia Napoletano 1,2, Fabrizio Schifano 2*, John Martin Corkery 2, Amira Guirguis 2,3, Davide Arillotta 2,4, Caroline Zangani 2,5 and Alessandro Vento 6,7,8 1 Department of Mental Health, Homerton University Hospital, East London Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, 2 Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse, and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom, 3 Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences 2, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom, 4 Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, 5 Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, 6 Department of Mental Health, Addictions’ Observatory (ODDPSS), Rome, Italy, 7 Department of Mental Health, Guglielmo Marconi” University, Rome, Italy, 8 Department of Mental Health, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy Background: There is growing availability of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), including cognitive enhancers (CEs) which can be used in the treatment of certain mental health disorders. While treating cognitive deficit symptoms in neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders using CEs might have significant benefits for patients, the increasing recreational use of these substances by healthy individuals raises many clinical, medico-legal, and ethical issues. Moreover, it has become very challenging for clinicians to Edited by: keep up-to-date with CEs currently available as comprehensive official lists do not exist. Simona Pichini, Methods: Using a web crawler (NPSfinder®), the present study aimed at assessing National Institute of Health (ISS), Italy Reviewed by: psychonaut fora/platforms to better understand the online situation regarding CEs.
    [Show full text]