DOCSLIB.ORG

Molecular Phylogeny and Spore Evolution of Entolomataceae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Molecular Phylogeny and Spore Evolution of Entolomataceae Persoonia 23, 2009: 147–176 www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158509X480944 Molecular phylogeny and spore evolution of Entolomataceae D. Co-David1, D. Langeveld1, M.E. Noordeloos1 Key words Abstract The phylogeny of the Entolomataceae was reconstructed using three loci (RPB2, LSU and mtSSU) and, in conjunction with spore morphology (using SEM and TEM), was used to address four main systematic issues: 1) the Clitopilus monophyly of the Entolomataceae; 2) inter-generic relationships within the Entolomataceae; 3) genus delimitation Entoloma of Entolomataceae; and 4) spore evolution in the Entolomataceae. Results confirm that the Entolomataceae (Ento­ Entolomataceae loma, Rhodocybe, Clitopilus, Richoniella and Rhodogaster) is monophyletic and that the combination of pinkish Rhodocybe spore prints and spores having bumps and/or ridges formed by an epicorium is a synapomorphy for the family. Rhodogaster The Entolomataceae is made up of two sister clades: one with Clitopilus nested within Rhodocybe and another Richoniella with Richoniella and Rhodogaster nested within Entoloma. Entoloma is best retained as one genus. The smaller spore evolution genera within Entoloma s.l. are either polyphyletic or make other genera paraphyletic. Spores of the clitopiloid type are derived from rhodocyboid spores. The ancestral spore type of the Entolomataceae was either rhodocyboid or entolomatoid. Taxonomic and nomenclatural changes are made including merging Rhodocybe into Clitopilus and transferring relevant species into Clitopilus and Entoloma. Article info Received: 21 April 2009; Accepted: 14 October 2009; Published: 19 November 2009. INTRODUCTION Monophyly of the Entolomataceae and intergeneric relationships The euagaric family Entolomataceae Kotl. & Pouzar is very The members of Entolomataceae have been classified together species-rich. It is composed of more than 1 500 species and because they all share the property of spore prints that are occurs worldwide, from arctic to tropical habitats (Horak 1980, pink to brownish or greyish pink in combination with spores 2008, Baroni 1981, Largent 1994, Noordeloos 2004, Gates & that are bumpy, ridged, or angular in polar or in all views. The Noordeloos 2007, Noordeloos & Hausknecht 2007). The fam- spore wall ornamentations are unique, being formed by local ily is highly variable in terms of sporocarp morphology (tiny to thickenings in the spore wall, the epicorium (Clémençon et al. large; pleurotoid, omphalioid, collybioid, mycenoid, and tricholo- 2004). The presence of pink, angular spores has been consid- matoid, as well as sequestrate), and micromorphology (spore ered so unique that Entolomataceae, in contrast to many other shape, pileipellis structures, pigmentation types, cystidia pres- Agaricales families, has been widely regarded a natural group ence and shape, etc.; Noordeloos 2004; Fig. 1). Lifestyles are (Kühner 1980, Singer 1986). equally varied: Most species are saprotrophic on soil, wood or moss, but some are parasitic on other mushrooms (Noordeloos Species from other genera had, in the past, been placed within 2004), parasitic on plants or ectomycorrhizal (Antibus et al. Entolomataceae. However, recent studies have excluded them. 1981, Agerer & Waller 1993, Agerer 1997, Kobayashi & Hatano Macrocystidia Joss. and Rhodotus Maire had been classified in 2001, Montecchio et al. 2006). The family traditionally contains the family on account of their pink spores, but molecular phylo- three main agaricoid genera: Rhodocybe Maire, Clitopilus (Fr. genetic studies have placed them outside the family (Moncalvo ex Rabenh.) P. Kumm. and Entoloma (Fr.) P. Kumm. s.l. The et al. 2002). Comparison of the spore wall of Rhodotus palmatus latter genus is sometimes split into more genera (e.g. 13 gen- (Bull.) Maire and members of Entolomataceae showed that era; Largent 1994). Additionally, three smaller non-agaricoid their bumps are not homologous (Clémençon 1997). Also, the genera have been distinguished on the basis of habit, namely, phylogenetic study by Moncalvo et al. (2002) suggested that the monotypic Rhodocybella T.J. Baroni & R.H. Petersen (with Catathelasma Lovejoy and a strongly supported clade contain- a cyphelloid habit), Rhodogaster E. Horak (secotioid) and Ri­ ing Callistosporium Singer, Macrocybe Pegler & Lodge and choniella Costantin & L.M. Dufour (gasteroid). Pleurocollybia Singer were best included in Entolomataceae. The more recent phylogenetic study by Matheny et al. (2006) It is no surprise that Entolomataceae, being such a large and highly variable family, raises questions that analysis of morpho- has excluded Catathelasma and Callistosporium from Entolo­ logical characters alone cannot answer, either due to scarcity mataceae with strong support. of characters and/or difficulty in interpreting the significance of Both phylogenetic studies (Moncalvo et al. 2002, Matheny et the characters. Molecular phylogenetic methods are therefore al. 2006) were based on relatively small samples of Entoloma, used in our study to address four main systematic issues: Rhodocybe and Clitopilus and none of Rhodogaster, Richoniella 1. the monophyly of the Entolomataceae; and Rhodocybella. Thus, phylogenetic relationships among 2. inter-generic relationships within the Entolomataceae; these six genera had remained unresolved. 3. genus delimitation of Entolomataceae and, with the addition of spore morphology; Spore evolution 4. spore evolution in the Entolomataceae. Spore characters have been important both to characterize 1 National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden University branch, P.O. Box the family (having pink, angular spores) but also to separate 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; corresponding authors e-mail: its three main agaricoid genera, Rhodocybe, Clitopilus and [email protected], [email protected]. Entoloma, from each other. Rhodocybe has spores with orna- © 2009 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. 148 Persoonia – Volume 23, 2009 a b c d e f g h i j k Fig. 1 Entolomataceae variation in basidiocarp morphology. a. Entoloma prunuloides; b. E. sinuatum; c. E. catalaense; d. E. conferendum; e. E. camarophyl­ lus; f. E. roseum; g. Clitopilus prunulus; h. Rhodocybe gemina; i. Entoloma rodwayi; j. Richoniella pumila; k. E. uranochroum. — Photos by: a, b. Y. Deneyer; c. G. Consiglio; d. J. Vesterholt; e, g–i. M.E. Noordeloos; f. H. Huijser; j. M. Pilkington; k. M. Meusers. mentations in the form of bumps and undulate ridges having 1980), rhodocyboid spores represent the plesiomorphic con- various arrangements resulting in spores that are undulate to dition since they are the more similar to what he considered weakly angular in profile and face views, and angular in polar the closest relative of Entolomataceae, Lepista (Fr.) W.G. Sm. view (Baroni 1981). Clitopilus is characterized by spores with (Tricholomataceae). Species of that genus have pinkish, rough- an ornamentation of longitudinal ridges. Entoloma has spores ened spores. The spores of Clitopilus are the evolutionary that are angular in all views due to its network of intercon- intermediate between Rhodocybe and Entoloma. Entoloma nected ridges that form facets and are highly varied in shape spores are the most complex and represent the most evolved (Romagnesi 1974, Pegler & Young 1978, 1979). spore form. The second theory (Baroni 1981) is similar in that There are two main theories on how spore shapes within Ento­ rhodocyboid spores are ancestral. However, Baroni based his lomataceae evolved. According to the first theory (Kühner argument that the rhodocyboid spore is the most primitive on D. Co-David et al.: Molecular phylogeny and spore evolution of Entolomataceae 149 the assumption that since pink angular spores do not exist 1. Is Entolomataceae monophyletic?; elsewhere in the Agaricales, the first Entolomataceae evolved 2. Are the main genera Rhodocybe, Clitopilus and Entoloma from an unknown member of Tricholomataceae with slightly monophyletic?; rounded-angular, pinkish spores. More pronounced angularity 3. What is the relationship of these three genera to each then derived from this. Furthermore, in contrast to Kühner’s other?; theory, clitopiloid and entolomatoid spores evolved independ- 4. What theories on spore evolution in Entolomataceae are ently from rhodocyboid spores. Note, however, that modern inconsistent with the phylogeny and should therefore be phylogenies support neither the sister relationship of Lepista rejected, and what theories are consistent with it?; nor any member of Tricholomataceae with a pink spore print. 5. How does the phylogeny inform the debate on the various Rather, it is suggested that the Lyophyllaceae are the sister taxonomic proposals for a possible generic delimitation clade of Entolomataceae and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Strážovské Vrchy Mts., Resort Podskalie; See P. 12)
    a journal on biodiversity, taxonomy and conservation of fungi No. 7 March 2006 Tricholoma dulciolens (Strážovské vrchy Mts., resort Podskalie; see p. 12) ISSN 1335-7670 Catathelasma 7: 1-36 (2006) Lycoperdon rimulatum (Záhorská nížina Lowland, Mikulášov; see p. 5) Cotylidia pannosa (Javorníky Mts., Dolná Mariková – Kátlina; see p. 22) March 2006 Catathelasma 7 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS BIODIVERSITY OF FUNGI Lycoperdon rimulatum, a new Slovak gasteromycete Mikael Jeppson 5 Three rare tricholomoid agarics Vladimír Antonín and Jan Holec 11 Macrofungi collected during the 9th Mycological Foray in Slovakia Pavel Lizoň 17 Note on Tricholoma dulciolens Anton Hauskknecht 34 Instructions to authors 4 Editor's acknowledgements 4 Book notices Pavel Lizoň 10, 34 PHOTOGRAPHS Tricholoma dulciolens Vladimír Antonín [1] Lycoperdon rimulatum Mikael Jeppson [2] Cotylidia pannosa Ladislav Hagara [2] Microglossum viride Pavel Lizoň [35] Mycena diosma Vladimír Antonín [35] Boletopsis grisea Petr Vampola [36] Albatrellus subrubescens Petr Vampola [36] visit our web site at fungi.sav.sk Catathelasma is published annually/biannually by the Slovak Mycological Society with the financial support of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. Permit of the Ministry of Culture of the Slovak rep. no. 2470/2001, ISSN 1335-7670. 4 Catathelasma 7 March 2006 Instructions to Authors Catathelasma is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the biodiversity, taxonomy and conservation of fungi. Papers are in English with Slovak/Czech summaries. Elements of an Article Submitted to Catathelasma: • title: informative and concise • author(s) name(s): full first and last name (addresses as footnote) • key words: max. 5 words, not repeating words in the title • main text: brief introduction, methods (if needed), presented data • illustrations: line drawings and color photographs • list of references • abstract in Slovak or Czech: max.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Clades of Agaricales: a Multilocus Phylogenetic Overview
    Mycologia, 98(6), 2006, pp. 982–995. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview P. Brandon Matheny1 Duur K. Aanen Judd M. Curtis Laboratory of Genetics, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD, Biology Department, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Wageningen, The Netherlands Worcester, Massachusetts, 01610 Matthew DeNitis Vale´rie Hofstetter 127 Harrington Way, Worcester, Massachusetts 01604 Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Graciela M. Daniele Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologı´a Vegetal, M. Catherine Aime CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Co´rdoba, Casilla USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology de Correo 495, 5000 Co´rdoba, Argentina Laboratory, Room 304, Building 011A, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350 Dennis E. Desjardin Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Jean-Marc Moncalvo San Francisco, California 94132 Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum and Department of Botany, University Bradley R. Kropp of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6 Canada Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 Zai-Wei Ge Zhu-Liang Yang Lorelei L. Norvell Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, 6720 NW Skyline Sciences, Kunming 650204, P.R. China Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97229-1309 Jason C. Slot Andrew Parker Biology Department, Clark University, 950 Main Street, 127 Raven Way, Metaline Falls, Washington 99153- Worcester, Massachusetts, 01609 9720 Joseph F. Ammirati Else C. Vellinga University of Washington, Biology Department, Box Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 355325, Seattle, Washington 98195 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102 Timothy J.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Clitopilus Byssisedoides</I>
    MYCOTAXON Volume 112, pp. 225–229 April–June 2010 Clitopilus byssisedoides, a new species from a hothouse in Germany Machiel Noordeloos1, Delia Co-David1 & Andreas Gminder2 [email protected] Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section NHN) P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 2Dorfstrasse 27, D-07751 Jena, Germany Abstract — Clitopilus byssisedoides is described as a new species found in a hothouse in Botanischer Garten Jena, in Jena, Germany, of unknown, possibly tropical origin. In this study, it is described, illustrated and distinguished from other pleurotoid Clitopilus species with rhodocyboid spores, particularly from other members of (Rhodocybe) sect. Claudopodes Key words — Entolomataceae, phylogeny, taxonomy Introduction Gminder (2005) described a remarkable pleurotoid species with rhodocyboid spores from a hothouse in the botanical garden in Jena, Germany. It was provisionally called “Rhodocybe byssisedoides” because of its resemblance to Entoloma byssisedum (Pers.) Donk. In a recent molecular phylogenetic study of the Entolomataceae (where this new species was included as “Rhodocybe sp.”), it has been shown that Clitopilus is nested within Rhodocybe. As a result, both genera were merged into Clitopilus sensu lato (Co-David et al. 2009). In this study, we formally describe the new species, Clitopilus byssisedoides and compare it to the other pleurotoid taxa. Material and methods The morphology was studied on dried material with standard methods, using sections mounted in either ammonia 5% or Congo red and a Leica DM1000 microscope. Microscopic structures were drawn with help of a drawing tube. 226 ... Noordeloos, Co-David & Gminder Taxonomic description Clitopilus byssisedoides Gminder, Noordel. & Co-David, sp. nov. MycoBank # 515443 Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Toloma Species in the Sinuatum Clade (Subg. Entoloma) from Northern Europe
    DOI 10.12905/0380.sydowia70-2018-0199 Published online 12 December 2018 Entoloma aurorae-borealis sp. nov. and three rare En- toloma species in the Sinuatum clade (subg. Entoloma) from northern Europe Machiel Evert Noordeloos1, Øyvind Weholt2, Egil Bendiksen3, Tor Erik Brandrud3, Siw Elin Eidissen2, Jostein Lorås2, Olga Morozova4 & Bálint Dima5,* 1 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, section Botany, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands 2 Nord University, Nesna, NO-8700 Nesna, Norway 3 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway 4 Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Str., RUS-197376 St Petersburg, Russia 5 Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary * e-mail: [email protected] Noordeloos M.E., Weholt Ø., Bendiksen E., Brandrud T.E., Eidissen S.E., Lorås J., Morozova O. & Dima B. (2018) Entoloma aurorae-borealis sp. nov. and three rare Entoloma species in the Sinuatum clade (subg. Entoloma) from northern Europe. – Sydowia 70: 199–210. Entoloma aurorae-borealis is described as new to science and three rare or little known Entoloma species (E. borgenii, E. eminens, and E. serpens) from Norway are treated based on morphological and molecular evidences. In the ITS phylogeny pre- sented here, all species belong to the Sinuatum clade, one of five well-supported lineages of subgenusEntoloma (= Rhodopolia & Nolanidea). Entoloma aurorae-borealis is only known from northern Norway, whereas E. eminens and E. serpens, apart from the here reported new records in Norway are known only from a few localities in Finland, and E.
    [Show full text]
  • LUNDY FUNGI: FURTHER SURVEYS 2004-2008 by JOHN N
    Journal of the Lundy Field Society, 2, 2010 LUNDY FUNGI: FURTHER SURVEYS 2004-2008 by JOHN N. HEDGER1, J. DAVID GEORGE2, GARETH W. GRIFFITH3, DILUKA PEIRIS1 1School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8JS 2Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD 3Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, SY23 3DD Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The results of four five-day field surveys of fungi carried out yearly on Lundy from 2004-08 are reported and the results compared with the previous survey by ourselves in 2003 and to records made prior to 2003 by members of the LFS. 240 taxa were identified of which 159 appear to be new records for the island. Seasonal distribution, habitat and resource preferences are discussed. Keywords: Fungi, ecology, biodiversity, conservation, grassland INTRODUCTION Hedger & George (2004) published a list of 108 taxa of fungi found on Lundy during a five-day survey carried out in October 2003. They also included in this paper the records of 95 species of fungi made from 1970 onwards, mostly abstracted from the Annual Reports of the Lundy Field Society, and found that their own survey had added 70 additional records, giving a total of 156 taxa. They concluded that further surveys would undoubtedly add to the database, especially since the autumn of 2003 had been exceptionally dry, and as a consequence the fruiting of the larger fleshy fungi on Lundy, especially the grassland species, had been very poor, resulting in under-recording. Further five-day surveys were therefore carried out each year from 2004-08, three in the autumn, 8-12 November 2004, 4-9 November 2007, 3-11 November 2008, one in winter, 23-27 January 2006 and one in spring, 9-16 April 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life Magill’S Encyclopedia of Science
    MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D.
    [Show full text]
  • ! a Revised Generic Classification for The
    A REVISED GENERIC CLASSIFICATION FOR THE RHODOCYBE-CLITOPILUS CLADE (ENTOLOMATACEAE, AGARICALES) INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS, CLITOCELLA GEN. NOV. by Kerri L. Kluting A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology Middle Tennessee State University 2013 Thesis Committee: Dr. Sarah E. Bergemann, Chair Dr. Timothy J. Baroni Dr. Andrew V.Z. Brower Dr. Christopher R. Herlihy ! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to first express my appreciation and gratitude to my major advisor, Dr. Sarah Bergemann, for inspiring me to push my limits and to think critically. This thesis would not have been possible without her guidance and generosity. Additionally, this thesis would have been impossible without the contributions of Dr. Tim Baroni. I would like to thank Dr. Baroni for providing critical feedback as an external thesis committee member and access to most of the collections used in this study, many of which are his personal collections. I want to thank all of my thesis committee members for thoughtfully reviewing my written proposal and thesis: Dr. Sarah Bergemann, thesis Chair, Dr. Tim Baroni, Dr. Andy Brower, and Dr. Chris Herlihy. I am also grateful to Dr. Katriina Bendiksen, Head Engineer, and Dr. Karl-Henrik Larsson, Curator, from the Botanical Garden and Museum at the University of Oslo (OSLO) and to Dr. Bryn Dentinger, Head of Mycology, and Dr. Elizabeth Woodgyer, Head of Collections Management Unit, at the Royal Botanical Gardens (KEW) for preparing herbarium loans of collections used in this study. I want to thank Dr. David Largent, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Full-Text (PDF)
    African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 5(31), pp. 5750-5756, 23 December, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJMR ISSN 1996-0808 ©2011 Academic Journals DOI: 10.5897/AJMR11.1228 Full Length Research Paper Leucocalocybe, a new genus for Tricholoma mongolicum (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Xiao-Dan Yu1,2, Hui Deng1 and Yi-Jian Yao1,3* 1State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. 3Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom. Accepted 11 November, 2011 A new genus of Agaricales, Leucocalocybe was erected for a species Tricholoma mongolicum in this study. Leucocalocybe was distinguished from the other genera by a unique combination of macro- and micro-morphological characters, including a tricholomatoid habit, thick and short stem, minutely spiny spores and white spore print. The assignment of the new genus was supported by phylogenetic analyses based on the LSU sequences. The results of molecular analyses demonstrated that the species was clustered in tricholomatoid clade, which formed a distinct lineage. Key words: Agaricales, taxonomy, Tricholoma, tricholomatoid clade. INTRODUCTION The genus Tricholoma (Fr.) Staude is typified by having were re-described. Based on morphological and mole- distinctly emarginate-sinuate lamellae, white or very pale cular analyses, T. mongolicum appears to be aberrant cream spore print, producing smooth thin-walled within Tricholoma and un-subsumable into any of the basidiospores, lacking clamp connections, cheilocystidia extant genera. Accordingly, we proposed to erect a new and pleurocystidia (Singer, 1986). Most species of this genus, Leucocalocybe, to circumscribe the unique genus form obligate ectomycorrhizal associations with combination of features characterizing this fungus and a forest trees, only a few species in the subgenus necessary new combination.
    [Show full text]
  • A MYCOLEGIUM of LITERATURE the New North America Mushroom Species of 2015 Else C
    Cortinarius vanduzerensis, from the type locality in Oregon, unmistakable with its and the species, growing with slimy dark brown cap, Pseudotsuga, Tsuga and Abies in and slimy lilac-purple Oregon, Washington, and British stem, right? Alas, it is Columbia has been described now postulated that this as Cortinarius seidliae. Images species is only known courtesy of M. G. Wood and N. Siegel. A MYCOLEGIUM OF LITERATURE The new North America mushroom species of 2015 Else C. Vellinga round 30 new North American species of macrofungi they are in general very difficult to recognize anyway; without saw the light in 2015 – leaving 2014 as the top year pictures for comparison it is just impossible. with 58 species. In 2015, 14 new Cortinarius species, To speed up the description of new species, several Aan Entoloma, one wax cap, two Russulas, one bolete, several journals now offer the opportunity to publish single species polypores, two Craterellus species, one Geastrum, an descriptions as part of a much bigger article in which many Auricularia, and a number of Tremella species were presented different authors each describe only one or a few new species. as new, plus two Otidea species representing the Ascomycota. Several of the new Cortinarius and Russula species were As in 2014, many of the new taxa were published in Index published as part of these big community efforts. For the Fungorum, without any supporting illustrations and without individual author this is advantageous, as there will be more phylogenetic trees showing the placement of the new species. citations of the whole article than for a single species article.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Elements in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
    Chemical elements in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes The reference mushrooms as instruments for investigating bioindication and biodiversity Roberto Cenci, Luigi Cocchi, Orlando Petrini, Fabrizio Sena, Carmine Siniscalco, Luciano Vescovi Editors: R. M. Cenci and F. Sena EUR 24415 EN 2011 1 The mission of the JRC-IES is to provide scientific-technical support to the European Union’s policies for the protection and sustainable development of the European and global environment. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability Via E.Fermi, 2749 I-21027 Ispra (VA) Italy Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC Catalogue number: LB-NA-24415-EN-C Editors: R. M. Cenci and F. Sena JRC65050 EUR 24415 EN ISBN 978-92-79-20395-4 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2788/22228 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Translation: Dr. Luca Umidi © European Union, 2011 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Italy 2 Attached to this document is a CD containing: • A PDF copy of this document • Information regarding the soil and mushroom sampling site locations • Analytical data (ca, 300,000) on total samples of soils and mushrooms analysed (ca, 10,000) • The descriptive statistics for all genera and species analysed • Maps showing the distribution of concentrations of inorganic elements in mushrooms • Maps showing the distribution of concentrations of inorganic elements in soils 3 Contact information: Address: Roberto M.
    [Show full text]
  • 80130Dimou7-107Weblist Changed
    Posted June, 2008. Summary published in Mycotaxon 104: 39–42. 2008. Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: IV. Macrofungi from Abies cephalonica forests and other intermixed tree species (Oxya Mt., central Greece) 1 2 1 D.M. DIMOU *, G.I. ZERVAKIS & E. POLEMIS * [email protected] 1Agricultural University of Athens, Lab. of General & Agricultural Microbiology, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece 2 [email protected] National Agricultural Research Foundation, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Lakonikis 87, GR-24100 Kalamata, Greece Abstract — In the course of a nine-year inventory in Mt. Oxya (central Greece) fir forests, a total of 358 taxa of macromycetes, belonging in 149 genera, have been recorded. Ninety eight taxa constitute new records, and five of them are first reports for the respective genera (Athelopsis, Crustoderma, Lentaria, Protodontia, Urnula). One hundred and one records for habitat/host/substrate are new for Greece, while some of these associations are reported for the first time in literature. Key words — biodiversity, macromycetes, fir, Mediterranean region, mushrooms Introduction The mycobiota of Greece was until recently poorly investigated since very few mycologists were active in the fields of fungal biodiversity, taxonomy and systematic. Until the end of ’90s, less than 1.000 species of macromycetes occurring in Greece had been reported by Greek and foreign researchers. Practically no collaboration existed between the scientific community and the rather few amateurs, who were active in this domain, and thus useful information that could be accumulated remained unexploited. Until then, published data were fragmentary in spatial, temporal and ecological terms. The authors introduced a different concept in their methodology, which was based on a long-term investigation of selected ecosystems and monitoring-inventorying of macrofungi throughout the year and for a period of usually 5-8 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Clitopilus Austroprunulus Fungal Planet Description Sheets 199
    198 Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012 Clitopilus austroprunulus Fungal Planet description sheets 199 Fungal Planet 153 – 20 December 2012 Clitopilus austroprunulus Morgado, G.M. Gates & Noordel., sp. nov. Etymology. austro (L) = southern, being a southern counterpart of Clito­ lated species, C. cystidiatus and C. chrischonensis are phy- pilus prunulus. logenetically distinct and differ from C. austroprunulus in mor- Macroscopic description — Pileus 40–90 mm diam, con- phology by the abundant presence of cheilocystidia. Although vex when young, expanding to concave or infundibuliform, judging from the phylogeny presented here, the occurrence of with involute margin, becoming irregularly shaped with age cheilocystidia may well be of limited value in the systematics with undulating marginal zone. Not hygrophanous, not trans- of this group. Clitopilus amygdaliformis described from China lucently striate, uniformly pale grey, sometimes with a slight (Yang 2007) is also closely related, but differs in spore and brown tinge at the centre (10YR 7/3–4), adpressed-tomen- stipe morphology. Unfortunately, sequences for this species tose all over. Lamellae arcuate-decurrent, grey-pink with en- are not available in public databases and therefore it was not tire, concolorous or more or less hyaline edge, crowded. Stipe included in the phylogenetic analysis. 30–60 × 10–15 mm (apex), usually central, rarely eccentric, A multi-gene maximum-likelihood phylogeny based on four tapering towards base, white or with a greyish brown tinge independent genetic markers (data not shown) yielded the like pileus, tomentose. Context white, firm and rather thick in same conclusions as the ITS phylogeny presented here. pileus. Odour very strongly farinaceous-rancid. Taste farina- Therefore C.
    [Show full text]