10959 Discovering the Ulster Scots.Indd

Discovering The Ulster-Scots Plantation Education Resource Pack The Ulster Scots Archaeological Project Contents Page This education pack has been produced as part of the Ulster Scots 1.0 Using this resource 1 Archaeological Project. This was a three year project formulated and funded by the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure which aimed to 2.0 Acknowledgements 3 raise awareness of Ulster Scots history, heritage and culture and to 3.0 Introduction 5 provide a clearer understanding of the impact that the Plantation had on the landscape, peoples and architecture of Ulster. It also aimed to raise 4.0 What is Archaeology? 6 awareness and understanding of the historical legacies of this period of 4.1 Archaeological Periods 13 history for everyone living in modern-day Northern Ireland. The aim of this education pack is to provide a resource for teachers so that they can 5.0 Module 1: Background to the Plantation 21 assist children to investigate the Ulster Plantation, with a specific focus 5.1 The Ulster Plantation AD 1600 – 1650 23 on the impact of Scottish planters in the first half of the 17th Century. 5.2 Timeline 29 5.3 Map Makers (Cartographers) 34 6.0 Module 2: Servants Hill Introduction and Geophysical Survey 41 6.1 Geophysical Survey 43 Year 1: Servants Hill Year 2: Derrywoone Year 3: Monea 6.2 Servants Hill Excavation 47 The Ulster Scots Archaeological Project team undertook three 6.3 Changes Over Time 57 excavations between 2012 and 2014: Servants Hill, Bangor, Co. Down in 2012; Derrywoone Castle, Co. Tyrone in 2013; Monea Castle, Co. 6.4 Conclusions 61 Fermanagh in 2014. The research, processes, techniques, and results 6.5 Further Work 62 from these excavations provide the basis for the content of this pack. 7.0 Module 3: Derrywoone & Monea Castles Introduction and Geophysical Survey 63 7.1 Derrywoone and Monea Castles 65 7.2 Similarities between Derrywoone and Monea 69 7.3 Differences between Derrywoone and Monea 72 7.4 The Excavations 77 7.5 Conclusions 90 Useful Words 1.0 Using this resource List of Resources This education pack is intended to be used by teachers to provide a platform to support Key Stages 2 and 3 of the Northern Ireland Curriculum. The information and exercises in this pack are drawn on the research, techniques of excavation, and results of the three archaeological excavations at Servants Hill, Derrywoone Castle, and Monea Castle. This pack is divided into three Modules. Module 1 gives a background to the Plantation and archaeological process; Module 2 deals with the excavation at Servants Hill while the excavations at Derrywoone and Monea are dealt with in Module 3. Each module includes exercises, questions/answers and suggestions for further work. The philosophy of the Northern Ireland Curriculum (www.nicurriculum.org.uk) is about stimulating active learning, independent thought and questioning and thinking about information, and collaborative learning. It is hoped that this pack provides a resource base for teachers to explore these themes in line with the curriculum. It is also hoped that this pack will provide a basis for investigating aspects of the two main communities in Northern Ireland, highlighting our shared heritage and culture and linking the past with the present. The aspects of the NI Curriculum addressed by this pack are: Key Stage 2: The World Around Us (history, geography, science & technology). Strand 3 - Place. Strand 4 - Change over time. Key Stage 3: Environment and Society (Geography – map work, critical thinking, sense of place, local and national contexts. History – investigation of the past, different interpretations and perspectives, enquiry skills, critical thinking, problem solving, chronological awareness, challenging stereotypes, the impact of history on the present). Page 1 Colour Coding Guide 2.0 Acknowledgements Key Stage 2: Exercise This project was commissioned by the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure (DCAL) in response to a need identified by the Ministerial Advisory Group for the Ulster-Scots Academy. The project is supported Key Stage 3: Exercise by the DoE: Historic Environment Division (DoE: HED). This education pack was written and developed by Fintan Walsh & Key Stages 2 & 3: Exercise Christina O’Regan (IAC), with assistance from Dr Heather James (Northlight Heritage), Nick Brannon, Maeve Tobin (IAC), Neil Macnab (AECOM) and Gerry Kelly (DCAL). The key contributors are: Key Stages 2 & 3: General Questions Northlight Heritage Studio 406 Irish Archaeological Consultancy (IAC), South Block Cathedral House Key Fact Osborne St 23-31 Waring St Belfast Glasgow Scotland BT1 2DX G1 5Q Joanna Leigh J. M. Leigh Surveys 2 City Walk 124 Oaklawn West Leeds Leixlip LS11 9AR County Kildare www.jmlsurveys,com This pack is Copyright © 2015 Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure (DCAL) Find out more at http://ulsterscotsarchaeologicalproject.blogspot.co.uk Page 2 Page 3 3.0 General Introduction Illustration Credits This three-year project (2012–2015) involved geophysical survey and archaeological excavations at three Plantation-period sites, the Page 12, 35, 37 - The Raven map of Bangor is reproduced courtesy of the North Down Museum. production of several publications, including a comprehensive gazetteer of all known sites associated with the period, a general reader textbook Page 14 – Mesolithic hut and Newgrange (Wikipedia creative commons) and an all-inclusive Education Pack. Finally, an evening book launch will Page 15 – Legananny dolmen (Wikipedia creative commons) be held in 2016 where the results of this project will be presented. The Page 18 – Extract from Book of Kells (Wikipedia creative commons) information in this pack relates to Ulster Scots history, heritage and culture and the impact that the Ulster Plantation had on the landscape Page 24 – Portraits (Wikipedia creative commons) and people of modern-day Northern Ireland. The overall project Page 32, 33 - The Raven maps of the London Companies are reproduced courtesy objectives aim to highlight the experiences of Scottish planters following of the Deputy Keeper of Records, Public Record Office Northern Ireland migration and their documented and archaeologically-uncovered (PRONI T870/1). relationships with the English and Irish. Page 52 – Reconstruction of Bronze Age hut © Televisionary/Streetmonkey A key objective of the project has been to promote cross-community Page 71 – aerial of Monea Castle reproduced courtesy of DOE – HED © Crown outreach and engagement, through involvement in the archaeological excavations and outreach events. This aims to raise awareness of Ulster Page 71 – aerial of Derrywoone Castle ‘Based upon Land & Property Services data with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, © Crown Scots history, heritage and culture; educate young people, students, copyright and database rights MOU 204’. locals and visitors about Ulster Scots history and the impact of the Plantation, and to promote cross-community sharing, tolerance and Page 79 – historic map of Derrywoone ‘Based upon Land & Property Services data social inclusion through community engagement events during the with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, © Crown copyright and database rights MOU 204’. course of the excavations. Page 81 – Mill (Wikipedia creative commons) Although the project and this pack focuses on the history of the Ulster Scots Plantation, the social and cultural impacts of this mass movement Page 84 – aerial of Monea Castle reproduced courtesy of Gavin Donaghy. of people from Scotland to Ulster is relevant to the lives of everyone Page 88 – artistic reconstruction of Monea Castle reproduced courtesy of DOE – living in Northern Ireland today. HED © Crown Page 4 Page 5 4.0 What is Archaeology? The table below summarises the exercises in this section and how they relate to the curriculum. : Understanding Archaeology and Chronology Objective EXERCISE THEME / STRAND KEY STAGE 1 Strand 4 – Change over 2 Age Group: Exercises for Key Stages 2 & 3 time. The effects of time on materials in the physical and natural world 2 Usefulness of sources 3 Teachers notes: in telling their personal history This module includes exercises which relate to the processes 3 Use of natural 2 & 3 resources to identify a involved in archaeological investigations. These exercises will suitable settlement site increase the students’ understanding of chronology. The module 4 Examining placename 2 & 3 provides a basic background to archaeological time periods which evidence to find out about the history of an can be referenced in other modules. Some of the exercises can be area performed by the students independently and all will require 5 Chronology – 2 teacher guidance. Questions dispersed throughout the text are technological advances through the ages suitable for both Key Stage groups. 6 Examining evidence 3 and making reasoned inferences about the past Page 6 Page 7 Archaeology is the study of how people lived in the past. Archaeologists are able to reconstruct the lives of our ancestors by examining several types of evidence – artefacts, which are human-made items such as pots, clay pipes and stone tools; ecofacts, which are environmental remains such as plants, cereal grains, animal bone or insects; the physical remains of human activity which have been left in the ground (the context), such as pits and layers of soil, and how these archaeological layers of soil have formed, which is known as ‘stratigraphy’. Stratigraphy refers to the deposition or laying down of layers of soil or stone through human activity. The deepest layer of soil is always the oldest. The top layer of soil is always the youngest. Archaeologists also find evidence by looking at old maps, reading written accounts of major events such as the Plantation or wars, looking at aerial photographs to examine the landscape, walking across the land looking for humps and bumps and scanning the ground using electronic equipment – this is known as geophysics. But the best way of gathering evidence is through carefully excavating archaeological remains.

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