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Eurovision Song Contest – SYLLABUS w w 1

The Song Contest Spring Quarter 2019 – Tuesdays & Thursdays, 11:00–12:20 Logan 901 – Performance Penthouse Instructor: Philip V. Bohlman ([email protected]) Course Assistant: Florian Walch

k THE SYLLABUS

Week 1

INTRODUCTION – ON THE ROAD TO THE GRAND PRIX April 2 – Introductory Lecture by Philip Bohlman – The Eurovision Song Contest at 64 April 4 – Film presentation created for class – The to the Grand Prix • Hands-on acquisition of Eurovision resources – The EBU yesterday and today • Phil Bohlman blogposts on the Eurovision (Oxford Univ. Press) – 2011–2018 Week 2

NATIONALISM AND NATIONAL IDENTITY April 9 – The Eurovision as Nationalist Fantasy and Political Struggle • Readings on Eurovision themes – from Tragaki, ed., Empire of Song: and Nation in the Eurovision Song Contest (2012) – Introduction and Chaps. 1, 2, & 9 (Tragaki, P. V. Bohlman, A. F. Bohlman & Polychronakis, Teixeira & Stokes) April 11 – Team presentations of videos for 1) Annual contests in single years and 2) star singers and hit songs • Annual Contest Team (Teams of three present past ESC conferences) – ______• Star / Hit Song Team – Teams of three present stars or hit songs from past and present ——————————————— Week 3

LOCAL AND REGIONAL IDENTITY – FESTIVALIZING EUROPEAN April 16 – Whose Eurovision Is This? • Reading Assignment – 1) Anderson, Imagined Communities, Chaps. 4–6 April 18 – Other Eurovisions – , Doro, Intervision • Reading assignment: Vuletic, Chap. 3, “A Contest for Communism,” from Postwar Europe and the Eurovision Song Contest • Annual Contest Team – ______• Star / Hit Song Team – ______Week 4

STARDOM April 23 – Winners and Losers • Reading Assignment – Tim Moore, Nul Points April 25 – Break-through Biographies – Is There Life after Eurovision? Eurovision Song Contest – SYLLABUS w w 2

• First CD or MP3 compilation due (National Run-Up Competition – ca. ) • Annual Contest Team – ______• Star / Hit Song Team – ______Week 5

FANDOM – EUROVISION COMMUNITIES April 30 – The Everyday Worlds of Eurovision Fans • Reading Assignment – Anderson, Imagined Communities, Chaps. 7–9 May 2 – DIY (Do It Yourself) Eurovision Production •Reading Assignment – Raykoff & Tobin 2007: Chaps. 9–11 (Ingvoldstad, Heller, Lemish) • Annual Contest Team – ______• Star / Hit Song Team – ______Week 6

THE EU, THE EBU, AND THE MAKING OR EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES – The Political, the Apolitical, the Media, the Immediate • Reading Assignment – Anderson, Imagined Communities, Chaps. 10, 11, & “Travel and Traffic” – Imperial Eurovision – Competitors beyond Europe’s Borders 2) From Raykoff and Tobin 2007: Chaps. 6–8 (Mutsaers, Pajala, Vuletic) • Annual Contest Team – ______• Star / Hit Song Team – ______Week 7 – EUROVISION WEEK!

THE EUROVISION SONG May 14 – The Formula • NB: The First Semi-Final takes place in the evening (European ). • Review Essay Due (National Culture and Identity in the New Europe – 3 ) May 16 – Breaking the Rules • NB: The Second Semi-Final takes place in the evening (European time). • Annual Contest Team – ______• Star / Hit Song Team – ______• Class meets on , May 18th, in the for a live broadcast of the Grand Finale of the 64th Eurovision Song Contest, Logan Film Screening Center. Students are required to attend this “Eurovision Party.” • Week 8

POST-EUROVISION EUROPES – ECHOES AND ALTERNATIVES May 21 – A Eurovision for Every Europe • Reading Assignment – From Raykoff and Tobin: Chaps. 12, 14, 15 (Solomon, Meizel, Brunt) – The Eurovision Wannabe – Globalizing Talent • In-class presentations of the second CD or MP3 compilation due (Alternative Eurovisions 2019 – Sámi, Jr. Eurovision, , Arab Icon, etc. – 3 tracks) Eurovision Song Contest – SYLLABUS w w 3

• Annual Contest Team – ______• Star / Hit Song Team – ______Week 9

SOUNDING THE FUTURE OF EUROPE May 28 – The Rise of the Right, Brexit, and the End of Europe as Know It • Reading Assignment – From Tragaki 2013, Chaps. 6, 10, and 12 (Lampropoulos, Tragaki, A. F. Bohlman and Rehding) May 29 – When Difference Makes a Difference • Annual Contest Team – ______• Star / Hit Song Team – ______Week 10

GRAND FINALE June 4 – The Chicagovision 2019 Press Conference and Dress Rehearsal June 6 – The Performance of the Grand Finale of Chicagovision 2019 • Collective staging and performance of Chicagovision 2019, Performance Penthouse • & • June 12 – Three-page analysis of student’s role in the Grand Finale due at 5:00 pm • k

Grade Requirements

1) 2 CD or MP3 compilations – 20% each 2) Review essay – 20% 3) Grand Prix – Participation + three-page analysis of role or creative component – 40%

Eurovision Song Contest – SYLLABUS w w 4

THE EUROVISION SONG CONTEST Bibliography, Discography, Filmography š

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Baumgartner, . 2007. “Chanson, Canzone, and Song: ’s Identity Struggle in the Eurovision Song Contest.” In Raykoff and Tobin, A Song for Europe, 37–47. Aldershot: Ashgate. Beiner, Ronald, ed. 1999. Theorizing Nationalism. Albany: State University of New York Press. Belkind, Nili. 2010. “A Message for Peace or a Tool for Oppression? Israeli Jewish-Arab Duo Achinoam Nini and ’s Representation of at Eurovision 2009.” Current Musicology 89: 7–35. Bellier, Irène, and Thomas M. Wilson, eds. 2000. The Anthropology of the : Building, Imagining and Experiencing the New Europe. Oxford: Berg. Berdahl, , Matti , and Martha Lampland, eds. 2000. Altering States: Ethnographies of Transition in and the Former . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Berger, Stefan, Linas Eriksonas, and Andrew Mycock, eds. 2008. Narrating the Nation: Representations in History, Media and the . Oxford and New York: Berghahn. Bhabha, Homi, ed. 1990. Nation and Narration. London and New York: Routledge. Björnberg, Alf. 1992. “Musical Spectacle as Ritual: The Eurovision Song Contest.” In Antoine Hennion, ed., 1789–1989: Musique, Histoire, Démocratie, vol. 2, 373–82. : Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme. Bohlman, Andrea F., and Ioannis Polychronakis. 2013. “Eurovision Everywhere: A Kaleidoscopic Vision of the Grand Prix.” In Tragaki, ed., Empire of Song, 57–77. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow. Bohlman, Andrea F., and Alexander Rehding. 2013. “Doing the European Two-Step.” In Tragaki, ed., Empire of Song, 281–97. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow. Bohlman, Philip V. 2002. : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Very Short Introductions) ______. 2004a. The Music of European Nationalism: Cultural Identity and Modern History. 1st ed. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC–CLIO. (World Music Series) ______. 2004b. “Popular Music on the Stage of a United Europe – Southeastern Europe in the ‘Eurovision Song Contest’.” In Bruno B. Reuer, ed., Vereintes Europa – Vereinte Musik? Eurovision Song Contest – SYLLABUS w w 5

Vielfalt und soziale Dimensionen in Mittel- und Südosteuropa, pp. 27–45. : Weidler Verlag. ______. 2007. “The Politics of Power, Pleasure, and Prayer in the Eurovision Song Contest.” Musicology/Musicologia 7: 39–67. ______. 2009. “Ex Oriente Lux: Islam and the Eurovision Song Contest.” In idem and Marcello Sorce Keller, eds., Antropologia della musica nelle culture Mediterranee, 171–90. Bologna: CLUEB. ______. 2011. Focus: Music, Nationalism, and the Making of the New Europe. 2nd, rev. ed. of Bohlman 2004a. New York: Routledge. ______. 2012. “On Track to the Grand Prix: The National Eurovision Competition as National History.” In Stefan Berger, Chris Lorenz, and Billie Melman, eds., Popularizing National Pasts: 1800 to the Present, 267–87. New York: Routledge, 2012. ______. 2013a. “Tempus Edax Rerum: Time and the Making of the Eurovision Song.” In Tragaki, ed., Empire of Song, 35–56. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow. ______. 2013b. “Journey to .” In idem, Revival and Reconciliation: Sacred Music in the Making of European Modernity, 237–51. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow.

Bohlman, Philip V. – Blogposts, Oxford University Press. 2012 – Europe in Spite of Itself http://blog.oup.com/2012/06/europe-in-spite-of-itself/ 2013 – Europa borealis: Reflections on the 2013 Eurovision Song Contest Malmö http://blog.oup.com/2013/05/europa-borealis/ 2014 – “There Is Hope for Europe” – The ESC 2014 and the Return to Europe http://blog.oup.com/2014/05/eurovision-hope-for-europe/ 2015 – Tales of two Europes: Sameness and Difference at the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 http://blog.oup.com/2015/06/eurovision-song-contest-2015-vienna-two-europes/ 2016 – “We Could Build a Future Where People Are Free”: Reflections on the Eurovision Song Contest https://blog.oup.com/2016/05/eurovision-2016-reflections/ Boswell, David, and Jessica Evans, eds. 1999. Representing the Nation, a Reader: Histories, Heritage, and . New York: Routledge. Boyd, Malcolm. 2001. “National .” In Stanley Sadie, ed., The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 2nd ed. Vol. 17: 654–87. London: Macmillan. Brubaker, Rogers. 1996. Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Burton, Antoinette, ed. 2003. After the Imperial Turn: Thinking with and through the Nation. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.

Calhoun, Craig. 1997. Nationalism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Caplan, Richard, and John Feffer, eds. 1996. Europe’s New Nationalism: States and Minorities in Conflict. New York: Oxford University Press. Eurovision Song Contest – SYLLABUS w w 6

Chakrabarty, Dipesh. 2000. Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference. Princeton, N.J.: Press. Chatterjee, Partha. 1993. The Nations and Its Fragments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Christie, Clive J. 1998. Race and Nation: A Reader. London: . B. Tauris. Cole, Jeffrey. 1998. The New in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cooley, Timothy J. 2005. Making Music in the Polish Tatras: Tourists, Ethnographers, and Mountain Musicians. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. del Giudice, Louisa, and Gerald Porter, eds. 2001. Imagined States: Nationalism, Utopia, and Longing in Oral Culture. Logan, Ut.: Utah State University Press.

Eley, Geoff, and Ronald G. Suny, eds. 1996. Becoming National: A Reader. New York: Oxford University Press. Eurovision Song Contest. 2015. The History of the Song Contest 1956–2015: All the Stars, Scandals, Triumphs, Failures and Hits. [Vienna: ORF]. Eurovision Song Contest Media Handbook. 2009. : EBU. Eyck, F. Gunther. 1995. of Nations: European National Anthems and Their Authors. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.

Fabbri, Franco. 2005. “Sanremo, il festival.” In L’ascolto tabù: Le musiche nello scontro globale. : Il Saggiatore. Fedderson, Jan. 2002. Ein Lied kann eine Brücke sein: Die deutsche und internationale Geschichte der Grand Prix Eurovision. : Hoffmann und Campe. Fessman, Milena, Wolfgang Nikolaus Kriegs, and Kerstin Top, eds. 1998. L’Allemagne deux points: Ein Kniefall vor dem Grand Prix. Berlin: Ullstein. Flacke, Monika, ed. 1998. Mythen der Nationen: Ein europäisches Panorama. and Berlin: Koehler & Amelang. Fricker, Karen, and Milija Gluhovic, eds. 2013. Performing the “New” Europe: Identities, Feelings and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Fujie, Linda, ed. 1996. Revival in Europe. Special ed. of The World of Music 38 (3).

Gambaccini, Paul, et al. 1999. The Complete Eurovision Song Contest Companion 1999. Foreword by . London: Pavilion. Geistlinger, Michael, ed. 1994. Dissonanzen in Europa: Der neue Nationalismus und seine Folgen. Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller. Gellner, Ernest. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell. ______. 1997. Nationalism. New York: New York University Press. Gillis, John, ed. 1994. Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Graubard, Stephen R., ed. 1999. A New Europe for the Old? New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. Greenfield, Liah. 1992. Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Eurovision Song Contest – SYLLABUS w w 7

Guss, David M. 2000. The Festive State: Race, Ethnicity and Nationalism as Cultural Performance. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Hastings, Adrian. 1997. The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion, and Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Herzfeld, Michael. 1997. Cultural Intimacy: Social Poetics in the Nation-State. New York: Routledge. Hindrichs, Thorsten. 2007. “Chasing the ‘Magic Formula’ for Success: and the Grand Prix Eurovision de la Chanson.” In Raykoff and Tobin, eds., A Song for Europe, 49–59. Aldershot: Ashgate. Hobsbawm, Eric J. 1990. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kennedy O’Connor, John. 2005. The Eurovision Song Contest, 50 Years: The Official History. London: Carlton . Kristeva, Julia. 1993. Nations without Nationalism. Trans. by Leon S. Roudiez. New York: Columbia University Press.

Lampropoulos, Apostolos. 2013. “Delimiting the Eurobody: Historicity, Politicization, Queerness.” In Trakagi, ed., Empire of Song, 151–72. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow. Lemish, Dafna. 2007. “Gay Brotherhood: Israeli Gay Men and the Eurovision Song Contest.” In Raykoff and Tobin, eds., A Song for Europe, 123–34. Aldershot: Ashgate. Linke, Uli. 1999. Blood and Nation: The European Aesthetics of Race. : University of Pennsylvania Press.

Mahr, . 2002. “Von der Aufwärmrunde bis ins Ziel – der ‘Grand Prix der ’: Eine musikwissenschaftliche Untersuchung des Wettbewerbs als Schlüsselstell zum Karriersprung in der volksümlichen Unterhaltungsbranche.” Master’s thesis, . Maurey, Yossi. 2009. “ and the Politics of Nostalgia.” Popular Music 28, 1: 85– 103. Meizel, Katherine. 2011. Idolized: Music, Media, and Identity in . Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Middleton, Richard. 2006. Voicing the Popular: On the Subjects of Popular Music. New York: Routledge. Moore, Tim. 2006. Nul Points. London: Jonathan Cape. Mosse, George L. 1985. Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectability and Abnormal Sexuality in Modern Europe. New York: Howard Fertig.

Nationalhymynen. 1982. Nationalhymnen: Texte und Melodien. : Reclam. Nooteboom, Cees. 1993. Wie wird man Europäer? Trans. by Helga von Beuningen. am : Suhrkamp.

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Pajala, Mari. 2007. “Closeting Eurovision: Heteronormativity in the Finnish National Telvision.” SQS: Journal of Queer Studies in 2, 2: 25–42. Pinder, John. 2001. The European Union: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Very Short Introductions) Plastino, Goffredo. 2013. “The Big : Literature, Cinema, and the Sanremo Festival Deception.” In Dafni Tragaki, ed., Empire of Song: Europe and Nation in the Eurovision Song Contest, 109–35. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow.

Ramnarine, Tina K. 2003. Imatar’s Inspirations: Nationalism, Globalization, and the Changing Soundscapes of Finnish Folk Music. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology) Raykoff, Ivan, and Robert Deam Tobin, eds. 2007. A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest. Aldershot: Ashgate. (Ashgate Popular and Folk Music Series) Refev, Motti, and Edwin Seroussi. 2004. Popular Music and national Culture in Israel. Berkeley: University of California Press. Reuer, Bruno B., ed. 2004. Vereintes Europa – Vereinte Musik? Vielfalt und soziale Dimensionen in Mittel- und Südosteuropa. Berlin: Weidler Verlag. Rexroth, Dieter, ed. 1979. Zwischen den Grenzen: Zum Aspekt des Nationalen in der neuen Musik. : Schott. Rice, Timothy, James Porter, and Chris Goertzen, eds. 2000. The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Vol. 8: Europe. New York: Garland. Rother, Rainer, ed. 1998. Mythen der Nationen: Völker im Film. Munich and Berlin: Koehler & Amelang. Ryback, Timothy W. 1990. Rock around the Bloc: A History of in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, 1954–1988. New York: Oxford University Press.

Schulze, . 1999. Staat und Nation in der europäischen Geschichte. Munich: C. H. Beck. Shore, Chris. 2000. Building Europe: The Cultural Politics of . London and New York: Routledge. Slobin, , ed. 1996. Retuning Culture: Musical Changes in Central and Eastern Europe. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. Smith, Anthony D. 1986. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell. ______. 2000. The Nation in History: Historiographical Debates about Ethnicity and Nationalism. , N.H.: University Press of New England. Solomon, Thomas. 2013. “The Oriental Body on the European Stage: Producing Turkish Cultural Identity on the Margins of Europe.” In Dafni Tragaki, ed., Empire of Song: Europe and Nation in the Eurovision Song Contest, 173–201. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow. The Song Contest. 2013. “’The Song Contest Is a Battlefield’: Panel Discussion with Eurovision Song Contest Broadcasters, 18 February 2011.” In Fricker and Gluhovic, eds., Performing the “New” Europe, 94–107. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Spence, Ewan. 2012. Eurovision: Beyond the Sequins. London: Guardian Books. Stokes, Martin, ed. 1994. Ethnicity, Identity and Music: The Musical Construction of Place. Oxford: Berg. Eurovision Song Contest – SYLLABUS w w 9

______, and Philip V. Bohlman, eds. 2003. Celtic Modern: Music at the Global Fringe. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. (Europea: Ethnomusicologies and Modernities) Suny, Ronald, and Michael D. Kennedy, eds. 1999. Intellectuals and the Articulation of the Nation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Swedenburg, Ted. 1997. “Saida Sultan/Danna International: Pop and the Polysemiotics of Sex, Nation, and Ethnicity on the Israeli-Egyptian Border.” The Musical Quarterly 81 (1): 81–108.

Tøpholm, Ole. 2009. De største øjeblikke: Dansk . : DRs Forlag. Tragaki, Dafni, ed. 2013. Empire of Song: Europe and Nation in the Eurovision Song Contest. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow. (Europea: Ethnomusicologies and Modernities) Tuhkanen, Mikko, and Annamari Vänskä, eds. 2007. Queer Eurovision (= Special of SQS: Journal of Queer Studies in Finland).

Vuletic, Dean. 2018. Postwar Europe and the Eurovision Song Contest. London: Bloomsbury.

Wilson, Thomas M., and Hastings Donnan, eds. 1998. Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wolther, Irving. 2006. ‘Kampf der Kulturen’ – der Eurovision Song Contest als Mittel national- kultureller Repräsentation. Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann.

Yair, Gad. 1995. “’Unite Unite Europe’: The Political and Cultural Structures of Europe as Reflected in the Eurovision Song Contest.” Social Networks 17: 147–61. ______, and Daniel Maman. 1996. “The Persistent Structure of Hegemony in the Eurovision Song Contest.” Act Sociologica 39: 309–25.

Zaroulia, Marilena. 2013. “’Sharing the Moment’: Europe, Affect, and Utopian Performatives in the European Song Contest.” In Fricker and Gluhovic, eds., Performing the “New” Europe, 31–52. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

k WEB BIBLIOGRAPHY

(Semi-)Official Information Hubs 1. Official Eurovision Site: http://www.eurovision.tv/ 2. Independent ESC news reporting: http://esctoday.com/ (e.g., www.esctime.com; www.eurovision-09.com; www.oikotimes.com) 3. BBC official site: http://www.bbc.co.uk/eurovision/ 4. is pretty good for up-to-date news 5. Eurovision Webradio: http://www.escradio.com/ 6. Large Online Community: http://www.escnation.com/

Historical Information Eurovision Song Contest – SYLLABUS w w 10

1. Covers galore: http://eurocovers.blogspot.com/ 2. archive: http://www.eurovisionsongs.net/index.htm 3. http://www.nul-points.net/ 4. http://www.esc-history.com/

Eurovision-esque Contests 1. Junior Eurovision: http://www.junioreurovision.tv/ 2. Eurovision Contest: http://www.eurovisiondance.tv/ 3. Vision: http://www.asiavision.tv/ 4. Sanremo: www.sanremo.rai.it 5. Sopot Festival: http://sopotfestival.onet.pl/ 6. And the myriad : http://www.realityblurred.com/realitytv/archives/international_idols/

Blogs 1. http://eurovisionexpress.blogspot.com/ 2. http://melodimen.blogspot.com/ 3. http://schlagerblog.blogspot.com/ 4. http://terminal3theeurovisionblog.blogspot.com/ 5. http://eurofivestar.blogspot.com/ 6. http://fans-of-eurovision.over-blog.com/ 7. http://eurovisionblog.wordpress.com/ 8. Philip V. Bohlman, above. Etc. forever to infinity.

Ephemera 1. The musical: www.eurobeatthemusical.com 2. The campaign for Scotland: http://www.scotlandineurovision.eu/ 3. Another kind of cover: http://www.eurovisioncovers.co.uk/ 4. Father Ted’s spoof: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jzYzVMcgWhg