NEWS MediaTek turns expertise to automotive

MediaTek has announced tivity with mm-wave from the company pro - said to be robust to handle plans to bring holistic, radar that use higher fre - vides integration of navi - high-bandwidth informa - fully integrated systems quencies to gain better gational and multimedia tion transfers and can to the automotive indus - object resolution and features and connectivity support various connec - try beginning early next more precise detection. options. tivity standards and map- year. In-car entertainment The firm’s telematics is based applications. The monthly magazine for automotive electronics engineers The Taiwanese com - pany says its expertise in Mini makes the connection Issue 36 chipset design for mobile, December 2016 home entertainment, con - MERGER MANIA nectivity and IoT posi - IN THIS tions it well to bring The automotive industry ISSUE multimedia, connectivity has been hit by merger and sensors to the auto - mania as Samsung bids Page 4: Continental motive industry. $8bn to buy Harman and AI partnership “The demands of con - Siemens swoops on Men - nected and autonomous tor Graphics with a Page 7: ADI acquires vehicles require a unique £4.5bn offer. And both laser steering tech portfolio of technolo - come just a month after gies,” said JC Hsu, corpo - Qualcomm announced it Page 9: Hyundai rate vice president at was buying NXP for hides lidar MediaTek. “MediaTek’s $47bn. core competencies create “There is a lot of inter - Harman is soon to become part of Samsung Page 11: Electronica a natural progression for est in the connected car us to design for the future space from consumer Page 21: RF tests of driving.” electronic and high-tech services and software, tems collectively. This form V2X basis He said the company companies, especially as which allows Samsung to will account for about was developing semicon - the smartphone industry know what the automo - $6.5bn in revenue in 2022 The latest Mini Connected app is said to take the intelligent link-up Page 27: Functional ductors to make an im - has reached an inflection tive market wants and by of an estimated $61.3bn between the vehicle and driver beyond the in-car infotainment functions safety in design pact in the automotive point,” said Colin Bird whom. Samsung is a market. This ten per cent industry and was focused already used by many Mini drivers. and Mark Boyadjis from major supplier of automo - market share has the Based on a flexible open mobility cloud, the upgraded technology Page 31: Tactile on core areas of in-vehi - IHS Markit. “Apple, tive displays and semi - potential to grow, given includes a personal mobility assistant that can help with journey planning feedback for cle infotainment, telemat - Google, even Samsung’s conductors, and the investment and cost syn - and traffic alerts on the driver’s Apple IPhone. Android-based smartphone touchless control ics and safety adas. more director competitor, Korea consumer electron - ergies from Samsung. The adas system will compatibility is in development. LG, have all made in - ics company views both “The acquisition of The app is available as a free download from the Apple app store and Page 35: Data feature decentralised vi - roads into this space, par - these sectors as areas it Harman could produce maintains a seamless connection between the car and an IPhone via either formats cut wiring sion processing to handle ticularly in software and can grow, especially as greater enterprise-wide Bluetooth or USB connection. harness costs large amounts of real- services, autonomous car, smartphone growth efficiencies when it time visual streaming It can automatically access addresses and appointments stored in the and electric vehicles” seems to be plateauing. comes to procurement of IPhone calendar and use this information to plan journeys. The app takes Page 39: Ford driver data. The company uses Harman has $25bn IHS forecasts Harman infotainment modules the current location and pre-set destination, and factors in real-time assist technologies machine learning to in - worth of future orders for will have ten per cent and instrument cluster crease the accuracy and traffic information to determine the best time to leave, and sends a timely its infotainment systems, market share by revenue displays, for instance, alert to the smartphone. Page 43: Product speed of detection, recog - audio components, telem - in 2022 across info- providing complementary Once it has learned the driver’s daily route between home and work, it news nition and tracking. atics units, adas equip - tainment, telematics, benefits for both business It is also drawing on its can alert the driver to any unusual traffic delays along the route, and ment, and automotive acoustics and display sys - lines,” said the IHS pair. advise they should leave early to get to work on time. Page 48: Contact heritage in high fre - details quency RF and connec - vehicle-electronics.biz Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 2 NEWS NEWS Cadence and Mathworks streamline design Continental and Oxford University Cadence Design Systems tor, perform Matlab and ment for dynamic sys - and expenses and im - partner on artificial intelligence has partnered with Math - Simulink behavioural- tems that is used for algo - prove quality.” works to streamline sys - level modelling, analysis rithm development, Cadence has also en - tem-level design and and visualisation, and use system modelling and abled a bi-directional Continental and the Uni - take place between driv - circuit-level implementa - all post-process Matlab simulation, and verifica - flow where designers can versity of Oxford are con - ers and vehicles. tion for mixed-signal IoT analysis and measure - tion in a broad range of export behavioural mod - ducting joint research into “I am delighted with and automotive applica - ment functions in a sin - applications including au - els from Simulink to the artificial intelligence to this new, important col - tions. gle, integrated design and tomotive. PSpice is a PSpice simulator using enhance mobility applica - laboration between Con - Designers can use the debug environment. Spice-based simulator for model export through tions. tinental and our Cadence PSpice analogue Simulink is a multi-do - simulation of mixed-sig - code generation, or bring They are studying deep- world-leading vision and and mixed-signal simula - main simulation environ - nal electrical and elec - PSpice models into learning algorithms that information engineers,” tronic circuits. Simulink using co-simu - have the potential to re - said Lionel Tarassenko, Prior to this integration, lation. In addition, users alise highly reliable vi - head of the department of Aston Martin DB11 Deep-learning algorithms can optimise visual users had to simulate their now have access to sual object detection and engineering science at object detection and human-machine dialogue opts for Most 150 design blocks independ - 34,000 PSpice models to human-machine dialogue. Oxford University. “I ently without the ability combine with the The first phase of the look forward to it under - The new Aston Martin hardware interfaces to to input feedback from Simulink library of envisaged three-year part - Lehmann, corporate tech - partnership to yield find - pinning technology de - DB11 will use Most 150 simplify data communi - one into the other. In con - blocks and models, al - nership began last month nology officer at Conti - ings on the use of artifi - velopments for mobility in its infotainment sys - cations. trast, simulating the entire lowing them to create and and includes new post - nental. “It is an important cial intelligence methods, of the future.” tem, which will be based “We are pleased to wel - system-level design simulate designs much doctoral research posi - building block that will including in the areas of Demetrio Aiello, who is on Microchip’s in-car come Aston Martin within the integrated faster. tions at Oxford. There are enable us to measure up automated and au - head of artificial intelli - Ethernet physical layer Lagonda as the latest car debug environment re - “This collaboration plans to extend the re - to the persistent demands tonomous driving, the im - gence and robotics at Aston Martin Lagonda maker to adopt Most 150 sults in a faster, less error- with Mathworks en - search scope and time calling on us to shape the provement of future Continental, added: “Our has been using Most for as its high-speed infotain - prone process. hances Cadence’s sys - frame later. mobility of the future and vehicle access systems, vision is a world in which many years and has mi - ment network,” said Dan “This integration of tem-level analogue and “Cooperating with lead - acquire qualified employ - accident reduction the transportation of peo - grated from Most 25 to Termer, Microchip’s au - PSpice with Matlab and mixed-signal board-level ing research institutions is ees and executives for to - through intelligent warn - ple and goods is fully au - 150 technology for its lat - tomotive vice president. Simulink bridges an im - simulation capabilities of the utmost importance morrow.” ing systems, and the sen - tomated and seamless, est model. The DB11 is “This is another example portant gap in engineer - and furthers our system to us,” said Kurt Continental expects the sitive dialogue that will freeing up time and men - the first Aston Martin car of an OEM migrating to ing workflows,” said Paul design enablement strat - tal resources for other to base its infotainment Most 150. Their experi - Barnard, director of de - egy to help customers Volvo picks Inrix for predictive traffic tasks. system on Most 150. ence with the Most tech - sign automation at Math - create innovative, high- “Continental will con - By using OS81110 in - nology standards and works. “Engineers can quality electronic prod - Volvo Cars has selected around the world will be of Inrix Traffic into Volvo tribute its deep technolog - telligent network inter - their expanding needs led now perform analysis and ucts at all levels of Inrix to provide real-time equipped with Inrix real- Cars is a testament to the ical understanding and face controllers, Most them to select Most 150 visualisation of their integration,” said Steve and predictive traffic for time and predictive traffic quality and innovation of competence in the mobil - 150 can provide dedi - for their new and future PSpice simulations in Durrill, senior product routes, travel times and flow information for our connected car serv - ity world, while Oxford cated application specific car models.” Matlab. In addition, the engineering group direc - alerts to accidents and in - routes, travel times and ices,” said Andreas offers best-in-class algo - Matlab and Simulink tor at Cadence. “Integrat - cidents. alerts to accidents and in - Hecht, general manager rithmic competence and models used in system ar - ing these previously Inrix Traffic will be in - cidents on more than at Inrix. an extremely innovative chitecture, modelling and separate system engineer - tegrated globally into the eight million kilometres In November 2015, environment. simulation can also di - ing and design engineer - V40, V40 Cross Country, of roads. Inrix became the global “With their help, we can rectly be used in the veri - ing environments enables S60, V60 and XC60. The The system incorpo - traffic provider for Volvo transform our vision into fication of detailed tighter integration and firm’s real-time traffic is rates information from a Sensus Connect, an on- reality; with our help, Ox - PSpice analogue and reduces human-induced already available world - network of more than 300 board infotainment and ford can see how their re - mixed-signal circuit errors, creating system- wide across the 90-series million connected vehi - navigation system that al - search is translated into models. Both use cases level design and circuit- vehicle line. cles and devices in over lows drivers to discover new products and serv - significantly reduce veri - level implementation Starting last month, 40 countries. new places and stream ices for mobility of a fu - Microchip powers Most 150 for Aston Martin fication engineering time efficiencies.” Volvo Cars in countries “The global integration their favourite music. ture world.”

Page 3, December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 4 NEWS Korean researchers produce autonomous vehicles processor

Researchers from Korea’s systems such as Linux vehicle manufacturer, the Electronics & Telecom - and rtos, and created a de - processor was installed munications Research In - veloper friendly software on an actual vehicle for stitute (Etri) have development kit that in - steering control via image developed a high per - cludes a C and C ++ com - recognition, lane detec - formance processor for piler,” said Youngsu tion, lane recognition re - autonomous vehicles. Kwon, group leader of sult analysis and Can. The Called Aldebaran, it Etri’s processor research lane keeping assist sys - consists of four super - Aldebaran processor group. “The processor tem demonstrated suc - scalar processors and an was made using 28nm cessful compliance with object recognition vision tors for vehicle and cmos process technology, Asil D. engine integrated to meet pedestrian detection. and exhibited a 1GHz op - This development was functional safety require - One core in the proces - erating frequency and facilitated by the Korean ments as specified by ISO sor consumes 0.24W at 4.0Gops performance in Ministry of Industry & 26262. 1GHz and less than 1.0W actual operation verifica - Commerce, and Etri has This is Korea’s first when all four are opera - tion while demonstrating expanded its application 1GHz processor targeting tional. the highest power effi - area with technology automotive applications “We have verified the ciency in the industry at transfers of the processor compliant to the func - functionality of the chip 0.24mW/MHz.” and software develop - tional safety requirements with general operating In collaboration with a ment environment. of ISO 26262 parts five and eleven. It monitors ATS OTA service for software updates the activities of multiple cores in real time to pro - ATS Advanced Telematic the-air (OTA) software use in an R&D environ - vide fault tolerance. Four Systems, an automotive and firmware update ment completely free of cores are capable of oper - software firm specialising management system. charge.” ating independently at in open source and open “The launch of ATS ATS Garage is a living 1GHz to provide high standards for mobility, re - Garage represents a para - product that will continue computational capacity. vealed an automotive- digm shift for automotive to develop and expand its The processor includes grade SaaS platform for IT,” said Armin Schmidt, scope according to needs a proprietary superscalar the mobility market at last CEO of ATS. “First, our and technologies. At the architecture and a mem - month’s TU-Automotive SaaS platform is based on outset, it provides a com - ory management unit for in Munich. open standards and open plete OTA update service, virtual memory opera - Called ATS Garage, it source technology and enabling software and tion, with an emphasis on provides OEM laborato - therefore easy to integrate firmware updates for con - implementing an ultra- ries, SMEs, research fa - and compatible with all nected devices. The serv - low power processor cilities and mobility common software envi - ice is based on the open core. The IO interface start-ups with free access ronments. Second, our source Genivi Sota. comes equipped for auto - to ready-to-use, cloud- cloud services, which in - “ATS Garage has been motive applications with based software services. clude our OTA-manage - developed from scratch Can and Can-FD, serial The closed beta version ment-system in the initial for the specific require - communications via uart of ATS Garage, which is version, are ready to use ments of connected mo - and I 2C. Furthermore, it open for registration, pro - und fully functional. bility,” said Arthur Taylor, includes vision accelera - vides a complete over- Third, ATS Garage is for CTO of ATS.

Page 5, December 2016 Vehicle Electronics NEWS NEWS

Toyota approves Analog Devices acquires Mentor Autosar Neural network could be laser steering technology stack for all cars answer for self-driving cars Analog Devices has ac - “From inertial mems pedestrian detection and Toyota has approved quired solid-state laser sensors used in airbag and autonomous driving func - Mentor Graphics’ Vol - beam steering technology electronic stability con - tions. cano VStar Autosar basic A European vendor of from Vescent Photonics, a trol applications to 24 and Cameras are used software stack for use in connected-vehicle appli - privately held company 77GHz automotive radar, widely for object recogni - all its vehicles. cations such as the Nissan based in Colorado. ADI has helped save lives tion while radar uses With this approval, Smart Car app in the Mid - Vescent’s non-mechan - for over two decades,” radio-frequency electro - global tier-one automo - dle East and Kia’s Re - ical beam steering tech - said Chris Jacobs, general magnetic waves to meas - tive suppliers can lever - moto app in Russia has nology enables more manager of automotive ure distance. age the resource-efficient launched a neural net - robust integrated lidar safety at Analog Devices. Lidar uses laser beams Autosar stack for the work for self-driving cars systems that overcome “And now, this innova - to measure the distance design and development that is trained through many of the major draw - tive technology will play and can also recognise of advanced ECUs in computer games as well backs such as reliability, an important role in mak - objects. Scanning lidar next-generation Toyota as real-life examples. size and cost associated ing lidar systems more systems can be used to models. Remoto Pilot from with bulky mechanical compact, more robust and detect objects on or near Supported by Volcano Bright Box uses road and offerings. an affordable feature in the roadway and fill the VSx design tools across lane following technol - This acquisition should every new car world - blind spots known to exist the development cycle, ogy as well as real-time strengthen ADI’s position wide.” when using radar and the software stack pro - detection and avoidance The original source images shown on the left are used to tell the neural as an automotive safety Today, adas must rely cameras. vides scalable Autosar 4 of obstacles such as cars network what various objects in a road scene look like, while the system technology part - on a suite of sensor tech - Vescent Photonics was middleware that abstracts and pedestrians. The key annotated images on the right are used to tell the neural network what ner for next generation nologies that includes founded in 2002, and spe - the application from the technology is the use of kinds of objects are where. adas and autonomous cameras, radar and lidar cialises in developing and hardware-dependent stereo vision and algo - driving applications and to provide advanced manufacturing electro- layer for the rapid devel - rithms based on neural alistic city street views, as situations, it can correctly Alexander Dimchenko. builds on its 20-year his - safety features such as optics, tunable lasers, and opment of differentiated networks, combined with viewed from inside the analyse a much larger “Today we work with a tory in advancing auto - forward collision warn - electronics for precision end products. the use of GNSS and cabins of driving cars, number of situations that broad customer base motive safety. ing, blind spot detection, laser control. “Toyota’s approval of high-definition maps. which makes them a differ in many ways from among OEMs around the our advanced Volcano Stereo vision allows for valuable source of high the training samples. world. The company is Bosch and Renesas collaborate on ECU security VStar Autosar software computation of distances fidelity imagery that can “We’ve got successful already negotiating sup - reinforces Mentor’s broad to various objects. Thus, be used to generate train - experience in connected- plies with OEMs and Renesas and Bosch sub - network technologies on tegrates a hardware secu - acceptance and expand - real-time assessment of ing datasets. car solutions for remote their partners, and hopes sidiary Escrypt are col - a single chip, with rity module with a co- ing adoption among the the road situation by the Real-life and synthetic car control and more than to increase the number of laborating on an Escrypt’s Cycur HSM processor supporting data world’s most prestigious car’s on-board computer datasets from computer 250,000 cars connected,” the company’s partners in integrated hardware and security software stack. encryption, authentica - and demanding automo - becomes possible. games constitute an effi - said Bright Box’s CTO the future.” software platform that The aim is to reduce de - tion and random number tive OEMs and tier-one The training of a neural cient set of training sam - Tyre pressure monitoring market to surge provides high-level secu - velopment time and inte - generation to address suppliers,” said Rainer network involves the use ples used to train neural rity for protecting auto - grate security functions in mission-critical security Oder, general manager of of pre-computed repre - networks to analyse real- The global tyre pressure ownership among fleet motive ECUs. safety-critical automotive requirements in vehicle Mentor Graphics’ auto - sentative sets of road situ - life road situations. monitoring market is set managers, which will fuel The new joint hardware ECU applications. Addi - systems. The security motive business unit. ation video samples, One advantage is the to grow at 15 per cent the segment's growth,” and software platform tionally, it serves as a software stack fits the “Fuelled by innovative referred to as training flexibility inherent in the CAGR from 2016 to said Siddharth Jaiswal, comprises Renesas’ stepping stone to achieve MCUs and complements technologies and proven datasets. neural network algo - 2020, accoring to market lead analyst at Technavio. RH850/P1x-C series of autonomous driving by the security features in systems engineering ex - Also such games, as rithms. While the neural watcher Technavio. “In terms of passenger automotive safety micro - accelerating the integra - hardware with additional pertise, Mentor’s foot - GTA-V, with a large part network is trained on a “The increased empha - cars, we expect this tech - controllers that combine tion of safety and security security services, such as print in global automotive of the gameplay involv - limited number of sam - sis on preventive mainte - nology to hit high volume functional safety, security functions. secure boot, secure flash - markets continues to ex - ing driving on city streets, ples, representing a lim - nance is an effort to entry level cars by the end and vehicle control The microcontroller in - ing and debugging. pand at a rapid pace.” have many extremely re - ited number of road optimise the total cost of of the forecast period.”

Page 7, December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 8 NEWS NEWS

cation accuracy, road Atis and Auto-Isac form security alliance Hyundai hides lidar in grade and curvature, lane width, and indication The Alliance for model, and identifying Atis initiative, a white dialogue that could define autonomous concept data. There is also a Telecommunications In - network services that paper will be published a set of cyber-security re - blind-spot detection dustry Solutions (Atis) could be offered by the before the end of the year. quirements that would Hyundai Motor an - radar. and the Automotive Infor - ICT industry. An objective is to support apply to all ICT interfaces nounced the autonomous Earlier this year, mation Sharing & Analy - Another fast-tracked an industry-to-industry to the vehicle ecosystem. Ioniq concept car at last Hyundai earned a licence sis Center (Auto-Isac) month’s Los Angeles to test its autonomous have formed an alliance Skoda connects the Kodiaq Auto Show. cars in urban environ - to address improved With a sleek design re - ments, and is currently cyber-security for con - sembling the rest of the testing three autonomous nected vehicles. Ioniq line, the vehicle is Ioniqs and two au - On the Atis side, the one of the few self-dri - tonomous Tucson fuel work with the Auto-Isac ving cars in development cell vehicles at its R&D takes place through Atis‘ to have a hidden lidar sys - centre in South Korea. connected-car cyber-se - tem in its front bumper Hyundai’s autonomous Ioniq concept car Hyundai will debut two curity initiative, formed instead of on the roof, en - autonomous Ioniqs at to spearhead direct indus - abling it to look like any with lidar technology. relative location and next month’s Consumer try-to-industry dialogue other car and not a school Hyundai is also devel - speed of objects in the ve - Electronics Show, where between the ICT industry science project. oping an autonomous ve - hicle’s forward path to aid they will drive along the and vehicle OEMs. The goal of the au - hicle operating system, in route planning. A three boulevards of Las Vegas. The Auto-Isac is central tonomous concept was to with the goal of using a camera array detects These vehicles will to the coordination and keep the self-driving sys - lot less computing power. pedestrian proximity, lane tackle: pedestrian traffic; communications around tems as simple as possi - The car’s hidden lidar markings and traffic sig - stop lights, stop signs and industry-wide sharing of ble. This was done by also allows the vehicle to nals. And a GPS antenna school zones; road con - cyber threats and vulnera - using the production car’s detect the absolute posi - determines the precise lo - struction; speed bumps; bilities to connected cars. The latest connectivity offering on the Škoda Kodiaq includes online smart cruise control’s for - tion of surrounding vehi - cation of each vehicle. dogs without a leash; “When it comes to infotainment for information and navigation, care connect for assistance ward-facing radar and cles and objects. High definition map - children at play; shopping cyber-security, it is no and remote vehicle access, all under the label Škoda Connect. lane keeping assist cam - In addition, its forward ping data from Hyundai centres; and intersections longer enough to conduct “From now on, Škoda Kodiaq drivers are fully connected to their car eras, which are integrated facing radar detects the MnSoft should deliver lo - without traffic signals. important industry-to- and, if desired, to the world of Škoda,” said Werner Eichhorn, Škoda industry coordination as board member. “With Škoda Connect we are making a digital world 5G Americas points way to connected cars an afterthought,” said accessible to our customers that will make their driving experience even Atis president Susan more comfortable and safe.” Trade association 5G proof evolution, are and reducing vehicular network providing a Miller. “Our intent is to The online infotainment services are available in every Kodiaq with the Americas has published a enablers for cellular V2X crashes. Cellular V2X safer, more efficient and offer the benefits of our Amundsen or Columbus navigation systems. This displays the current whitepaper that details on the road to success in can also be instrumental enjoyable driving experi - industry’s extensive expe - traffic flow on the selected route and suggests sensible alternative routes connected car opportuni - achieving safety, infor - in transforming the trans - ence while having a posi - rience with cyber-security in the event of a traffic jam. With Google Earth and StreetView, naviga - ties for the cellular and mation, ecology, mainte - portation experience by tive impact on society.” best practices and secu - tion using the Columbus navigation system becomes visual. Additionally, automotive industries. nance and security goals, enhancing traveller and C-V2X is part of release rity services that could be the services provide customised information for drivers of the large SUV “LTE cellular technol - as well as entertainment, traffic information for so - 14 of the 3GPP specifica - provided by the network in the form of fuel prices, parking information, news and weather. ogy can be an important in the connected car of cietal goals. tions. 3GPP announced as a platform to the con - The emergency call function is automatically activated after an accident enabler for a best-in-class the future.” “Cellular V2X will lead the completion of the ini - nected car as a platform.” in which a restraint system, such as an airbag, has been deployed. The ve - vehicle connectivity,” The whitepaper de - us into the future of a tial C-V2X standard in To support this initia - hicle establishes a voice and data connection to a dedicated emergency said Chris Pearson, presi - scribes the benefits cellu - fully connected car expe - September 2016. There is tive, Atis is completing an call centre and transfers all of the necessary information. dent of 5G Americas. “A lar V2X can provide to rience,” said Pearson. an evolutionary roadmap analysis of the communi - Remote vehicle access is via a smartphone app, which informs the user global LTE footprint and support the US Depart - “The vehicle can be sup - for C-V2X towards 5G cations paths to the con - about the status of the lights and fuel tank as well as whether the doors technology standards, ment of Transportation ported by advanced serv - with an ecosystem in nected car, developing a are open or closed. A function shows where the vehicle is parked. combined with future- aims of improving safety ices from the mobile place. cyber-security threat

Page 9, December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 10 TTHHEE SSHHOOWW GGOOEESS OONN

Steve Rogerson reports from last month’s Electronica in Munich, Germany

Page 11 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 12 Paul Deehan: LED growth for “We can ship Rohm races ahead with SiC direct from our factory.” Rohm is hoping that its contract maker link with the Venturi For - mula E team will help The automotive LED in - closer to each other,” he show the importance of dustry is providing said. “We are ninety min - its silicon carbide (SiC) growth for contract man - utes drive from the technology as the indus - ufacturer AWS Electron - OEMs’ factories.” try makes its shift to - ics. The company has wards hybrid and full factories in the UK and End of days for signal cables electric vehicles. Frank Baldet (left) with Slovakia, split roughly The semiconductor Aly Marshaly (above) evenly in terms of pro - maker’s technology was and Michael Davis duction, but that is chang - deployed in the first race (below) ing as the Slovakian of the new 2016-17 For - factory is seeing faster mula E season in Hong growth mainly from the Kong. European automotive in - One of the challenges of dustry. Formula E is to find the “Nearly all the automo - most efficient way of tive manufacturers have using the energy from the gone or are going to battery and applying it on LED,” said Paul Deehan, the road. To do this, CEO of AWS. “This is in - Rohm developed power ternal and external. Inter - device technology using diodes and modules. mosfets. six LEDs with individual nal it is all about styling SiC. This material can “Silicon has reached its The company was also brightness control and di - and mood lighting.” withstand much higher limit and SiC is the right pushing its automotive agnostics for each LED. He said working with electric fields than con - solution for the future,” LED driver products. If there is a system fail - big OEMs and tier-ones ventional silicon, which said Aly Marshaly, For example the ure, the device will in the region was helping results in lower losses of Rohm’s head of power BD18312MUF LED switch to a pre-defined the Slovakian factory power and higher temper - system development. “In driver can support high standalone mode. grow and this was mainly ature resistance. automotive, power elec - and low beam LED head - “What happens if your because the company was “We collaborated with tronics plays a very im - lights or daylight running car LED headlights fail cost competitive with Far Rohm because we needed portant role today. We mode. This device incor - for some reason?” said Eastern manufacturers. The days of signalling cables in a car could be numbered as more high-efficiency compo - want to increase our pro - porates a boost and two Michael Davis, director “We are cost competi - automotive manufacturers look to wireless sensor networks, believes nents,” said Frank Baldet, duction of SiC fivefold buck converters and is of the company’s Euro - tive with China, Malaysia Klaus-Peter Dyck (pictured), senior manager at Fujitsu Electronics. CTO of the Venturi team. from 2015 to 2017.” controlled by a microcon - pean design centre. and so on,” he said. “And “Wireless sensing is gradually coming into the car to reduce cabling,” “It is important to us for The company said it troller via SPI, which pro - “What should the LED we can ship direct from he said. “Cabling is a major cost.” reliability. If you want to was now mass-producing vides controllability and do? In out product, we our factory. There is no And such sensors would not need a power supply as they could use win, you have to finish the industry’s first trench- reports back the system have a limp home mode six weeks travel time.” energy harvesting from the movement of the vehicle. the race. The partnership type SiC mosfets, which status. so the LED will stay lit. He said the company “You could end up with just power cables in the car,” he said, “and no with Rohm lets us de - reduce on-resistance by The SPI controlled ma - The matrix controller could ship to anywhere in signalling cables. That is still far fetched at the moment, but it will velop one of the most ef - half across the entire tem - trix LED controller for controls the light pattern Europe on standard come. The basic technology is still under development to make it user ficient powertrains.” perature range and input headlights allows adap - on the road so you don’t freight in three days or friendly.” At the show, Rohm pre - capacitance by 35 per tive front lighting. It dazzle oncoming traffic within 24 hours in an He said it would be at least a year before companies could even start sented its latest SiC mos - cent in the same chip size consists of individual and only light the part of emergency. designing in the technology. fets, SiC Schottky barrier as planar gate-type SiC switches to control up to the road you need.” “The engineers are also

Page 13 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 14 Key fob chips hit low power record Linear and Lion

Microchip announced customised welcome develop wireless what it claims is the in - lighting upon approach - dustry’s lowest-power ing the vehicle or auto - battery manager passive-entry and pas - matic walk-away locking sive-start key fob con - of the vehicle in a range In just four months, Lin - SmartMesh wireless net - troller. The ATA5700 and up to 10m. The power ear Technology took an working. ATA5702 follow the consumption for this al - idea on the back of an en - The LTC6811 is a com - company’s acquisition of ways on feature is said to velope to present at the plete battery measuring Atmel earlier this year be industry leading, show a BMW i3 with a device for hybrid and full and are for use in battery- tripling the battery life - working wireless battery electric vehicles that can powered applications time in the highest sensi - management system. The measure up to 12 series- such as smart keys and tivity mode. concept car was devel - connected battery cell car access via mobile de - “A 3V lithium cell will oped by Linear’s design voltages with better than vices, smartphones and last for years,” said Di partner Lion Smart. 0.04 per cent accuracy. wearables where power Jasio. “You won’t need to “We are measuring pa - Combining this with the consumption is a key re - change it as often as you rameters such as voltage, wireless mesh network - quirement. change your car.” current and temperature,” ing system addresses the Benefits include low Localisation accuracy is said Linear vice president persistent reliability is - Daniel Quinger: “We may get rid of Can bus.” power consumption, key critical to distinguish Erik Soule. sues associated with auto - localisation accuracy and whether a key fob is in - “We are using our smart motive wiring harnesses safer and greener, and there is a failure it can built-in counter relay side or outside the vehicle Lucio Di Jasio: “The key fob will stay mesh wireless technology and connectors. cheaper.” reroute the signals. (man-in-the-middle) at - and to comply with accu - with us for a bit.” that is currently used in “Battery management is He said that in a car the “We have proved it tack protection. racy requirements of in - industrial applications. mission critical in a car, single most common works,” said Soule. “It is Car theft based on relay surance companies. us for a bit.” To facilitate evaluation This is an industry-grade, so safety is the most im - point of failure was the a revolutionary concept attacks of vehicles “It uses an array of an - In addition, the devices and development, Mi - highly reliable wireless portant aspect,” said wires and cabling net - and it is really cool. We equipped with these sys - tennas to triangulate the contain an open-source, crochip is offering Atmel mesh.” Soule. “We think this ar - work. The wireless sys - have proved it is safe and tems is becoming one of position of the key fob to zero-cost licence immo - Studio 7 for software de - It combines battery chitecture has the poten - tem has multiple secure.” the top security concerns ensure it is in the car be - biliser protocol based on velopment for 8bit AVR stack monitors with tial to make the car even connection paths and if The next step he said of car makers. The two fore the start button is AES-128 that enables in - microcontrollers, and the was to put together a full devices have a built-in made active,” said Di teroperability, allowing ATAK51004-v2 evalua - evaluation kit, which he low-frequency vector cal - Jasio. large volume users to de - tion kit for product evalu - hoped would be ready by culation unit that allows Though some car mak - ploy second sourcing ation. early next year. users to implement relay ers are moving towards strategies. Samples are available “In the future, we may attack countermeasures at phone apps for keyless Both have a 3D immo - now and production is get rid of the Can bus and no additional cost. entry, Di Jasio believes biliser, 3D high sensitiv - scheduled for next year. have the whole system “There are three anten - that the key fob system ity LF receivers, digital The first cars using the talking wirelessly,” said nas,” said Lucio Di Jasio, will be around for a processing unit, 128bit key fob are expected to Daniel Quinger, CEO of business development while. crypto engine, LF vector hit the road in January Lion Smart. “This is a manager at Microchip. “The problem with calculation unit and a 2018. There is interest prototype and thus obvi - “The chip detects inputs phone apps is how many microcontroller. The from one of the big Ger - ously more expensive but from all three and decides applications you need to ATA5702 has a built-in man car companies as we envisage it will not whether it is a proper sig - write,” he said. “You have RF transmitter fractional well as some smaller ones cost more than a standard nal.” to make sure it is compat - phase-locked loop to en - in Asia. system.” Low-frequency sensi - ible with all the cell sure a robust UHF link Both are in housed in a Soule added: “We be - tivity enables conven - phones. That is not easy. that is immune to jam - 5 by 7mm QFN package lieve it will be signifi - Erik Soule: “We have proved it works.” ience features such as The key fob will stay with mers and disturbers. with wettable flanks. cantly cheaper.”

Page 15 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 16 Simon Dielectric Nexperia to concentrate on Mao targets EVs automotive after leaving NXP

Knowles is working on a cation for this,” said prod - Automotive is going to be new dielectric formula - uct manager Simon Mao. the main focus for NXP’s tion for its capacitors that “We have it with some standard products group will make them better customers.” when it becomes a stand - suited to the needs of The formulation will alone company called electric vehicles. have a lower K but better Nexperia early next year, “Electric vehicles will voltage stability, as well according to Frans be a very important appli - as lower losses than X7R Scheper, executive vice parts. president of the group and Web tool boost for ECU design It is in development soon to be CEO of the now and planned for new company. launch sometime in 2017. The group has about As well as EVs, it is tar - 10,000 different products, geted at other high power some of which date back conversion applications. to the 1970s, addressing a “Electric vehicle charg - range of applications. ing is a major focus for “The most important is us,” said Mao. “We have automotive,” said a lot of products for the Scheper. “Everything we different applications in a do is automotive quality vehicle.” and that will continue to Cliff Lloyd (left) and Frans Scheper The company’s factory be the case.” that it opened two years NXP announced in June ness was not part of the is claims is the world’s age. Now with the avail - ago in Suzhou, China, can that it was divesting the strategy of NXP. We were smallest leadless logic ability of the eight-pin make AEC-Q200 quali - business through two limited by capex. We can package for eight-lead package, most Mini fied parts. Chinese investment com - now grow faster while logic functions. Measur - Logic functions are avail - panies. The existing man - NXP focuses on the high ing 0.8 by 1.35mm and able making it simpler for Show stats agement team will remain performance and mixed 0.35mm high, the GX 8 design and production en - and the divestment is ex - signal business.” (SOT1233) package is for gineers to respond to mar - About 73,000 trade visi - pected to be complete in He said the divestment mobile, portable and IoT ket requirements. Panasonic’s web tool for helping ECU designers find the right inductors tors from 80 countries at - February. The company would not be affected by applications as it saves “This is being targeted and capacitors for their circuits is getting around 1000 users a month tended this year’s show. will continue to be based the pending Qualcomm space, has a more rugged at the automotive mar - despite only being launched in May, according to Kazuaki Onishi Most came from Ger - in the Netherlands and takeover of NXP. design and reduces PCB ket,” said Cliff Lloyd, (pictured), general manager of the Japanese company’s engineering many but there were employs around 11,000 “Qualcomm from my assembly costs. business development group. strong representations people. It has five facto - point of view is already The package addresses manager. “Normally, customer evaluation and selection time is around 20 from France, China, ries, in the UK, Germany, an important partner,” he the trend in electronic The logic devices are days,” he said. “The customer wants to reduce that time. So we can Slovenia and Turkey. China, Malaysia and the said. “This can only be systems towards smaller used to provide the inter - support the design with a web tool. This can cut the design time to There were 2913 ex - Philippines. strengthened by the Qual - and smaller packages, face between different seven days.” hibitors from 50 coun - As to why NXP wished comm-NXP transaction. low-power consumption asics and, with this intro - This concentrates on the inductors and capacitors in the noise tries, seven per cent up on to get rid of the division, But it won’t be a huge in - and low system costs. duction, most AXP, AUP filtration circuits and now includes products added to the company’s 2014. Besides Germany, Scheper said: “NXP is fo - fluence on us.” Previously, NXP has re - and LVC functions are range in June and September. most came from China, cussing on complex ICs. The company intro - leased five- and six-pin now available in a GX Taiwan, USA and UK. The growth in this busi - duced at Electronica what functions in the GX pack - package.

Page 17 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 18 Renesas banks on EVs and adas to maintain growth

Electric vehicles and adas expected,” he said. “We are the major drivers for don’t see the growth rate growth in automotive that was expected. The electronics, and as such reason is the politics be - Renesas is targeting these hind it with governments two areas over the next supporting diesel and few years as it tries to combustion engines.” boost its already impres - He also said car manu - sive market share. facturers were hesitating “About half our busi - in investing in the infra - 2017 FEATURES LIST ness is in automotive,” structure. There is also an said Jürgen Axmacher, a image problem. January July director in the firm’s au - “Most don’t drive more Infotainment Connected car tomotive business group. Jürgen Axmacher: “Not everyone will than 20km a day, but once Vehicle networks Wireless “But it becomes difficult own a car anymore.” a year they go on vacation to grow faster than the and so don’t want a 200 February August market when you have hicles and adas leading to already have electric ve - to 300km range car,” he Telematics V2X communications such a large share. That is autonomous driving.” hicles in production. said. Functional safety Microcontrollers & microprocessors why we developed a strat - In its home market of “But in Europe, electric With adas, the opposite egy targeting electric ve - Japan, several car makers vehicles are not where we is true with Europe lead - March September ing the market. Driver assistance Vehicle networks saved could help com - SiC could unite “The adas growth is In-vehicle computers Telematics pensate the cost of SiC. worldwide,” he said, “but “With on-board charg - automotive trends is being driven out of Eu - April October ers the whole cost could rope. The trend setters are Simulation & modelling In-vehicle computers be made about the same Silicon carbide (SiC) very much inter-related,” in Europe. With adas, we Software tools High-temperature components technology will help unite he said. “For example, but the advantage is the see a growth rate of 15 to size,” he said. “Every the three main automotive there is no such thing as 20 per cent. Our budget is May November compartment is like Man - trends of vehicle electrifi - autonomous driving with - to grow at double the Sensors Software tools hattan, so saving space cation, connectivity and out connectivity.” market. We are trying to Infotainment Infotainment autonomous driving, be - However, he said the makes a difference.” hit 30 to 35 per cent.” A big move, he said, lieves Mark Münzer, sen - cost of deploying SiC These two areas are June December would be using SiC in the ior director at Infineon. would be more expensive linked and Axmacher be - Power technologies Power technologies inverter. “This is still in “The three trends are than silicon and thus it lieves when autonomous Test & measurement Test & measurement was important to get the the R&D stage but 2020 cars starting hitting the most out of it, including will see low volume beta road after 2020, half will the right packaging. production,” he said. be electric, but they will “There are applications Premium EVs are see - be expensive. • Each issue will be published early in the month. that will come early for ing the voltage increasing “Not everyone will own • Suggestions for features should be sent to the editor at least two SiC such as on-board to enable faster charging. a car anymore,” he said. chargers because here “Rich people are not pa - “There will be more car months before publication. they can create value.” tient,” he said. “They sharing. The electric cars • These should be sent by email to [email protected] For example, he said in - don’t want to wait for will be too expensive for creasing the switching charging, so the voltage individuals to run 10 to frequency meant passive will go up on premium 20km a day. We will Mark Münzer: “Rich @velectronicsmag components could be vehicles. We are fo - order the cars when we people are not patient.” Follow us on Twitter: smaller and thus money cussing on 1200V SiC.” need them.”

Page 19 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics vehicle-electronics.biz TEST & MEASUREMENT TEST & MEASUREMENT SSppoottlliigghhtt oonn ssaaffeettyy

Thomas Brüggen shows why RF tests are the basis for V2X

utomated vehicles can safely navigate the road only if they have precise knowledge of the environment Aand the traffic situation. Sensors and cameras already provide some of this information. Additional in - formation is supplied using wire - less technologies to connect vehicles. To ensure that safety-related data messages are received even under poor transmit conditions, the transmitter and receiver must adhere to minimum standards. Adherence can be verified using RF tests. Road safety has improved steadily as a result of many inven - tions. Mechanical systems such as seat belts and airbags as well as

Page 21 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 22 TEST & MEASUREMENT TEST & MEASUREMENT

electronic safety equipment such Fig. 2: The OSI layer model verify these requirements. The as ABS and ESP have decreased two lowest layers of the OSI the number of accidents and their Layer Name model (Fig. 2) factor into these consequences in the past decades. 7 Application layer tests because they are responsible Over the past few years, however, 6 Presentation layer for the physical transmission of there has been no further signifi - 5 Session layer the data message: cant reduction in the number of 4 Transport layer persons involved in accidents. Ac - 3 Network layer • The physical layer is responsible cording to the German Federal 2 Datalink layer Logical link control (LLC) for the physical transport of the Statistical Office, this number re - Medium access control (mac) data via a transmission medium. mains at around 390,000 annually. 1 Physical layer In the case of V2X communica - To reduce significantly the num - tions, data are wirelessly transmit - ber of accidents, new technologies ted via the air interface. This layer are needed. Critical traffic situa - then one or more of the vehicles can distort, attenuate or even can - uses specific modulation modes, tions can be detected before they will gain an inaccurate view of the cel out the received signal. carrier frequencies and bit rates. occur through the wireless ex - actual situation, conceivably with Traffic participants are also con - Often the quality of the channel change of information between deadly consequences. tinuously moving, which adds a over which the data are transmit - vehicles (V2V) as well as with the time variant to the fading sce - ted is also taken into considera - Possible interference traffic infrastructure and all traffic nario. All receivers inside vehicles tion. participants (V2X). Wireless communications can be are confronted with continually • The data link layer is made up of For example, all vehicles that affected by different types of in - changing conditions and signal two components: the mac layer drive through a crossing can ex - terference. Many of these are quality. Safety-critical applica - and the LLC layer. The medium change information about speed known collectively as fading. This tions must function reliably under access control (mac) layer regu - It is possible to detect RF problems during the and direction. This makes it possi - includes shadowing and interfer - these conditions. If a receiver can - lates access to the transmission development phase by using appropriate test instruments ble to detect potential collisions, ence caused by physical effects not handle fading with the time medium for multiple subscribers. issue appropriate warnings and such as scattering, diffraction, variant, then it will not be able to This is relevant for RF measure - autonomously initiate early coun - refraction and reflection, which detect and process the received ments. The logical link control many as can be corrected using in the transmitted signal is con - termeasures. cause multipath propagation of signal at the antenna. (LLC) layer handles tasks such as channel coding. For error-free ducted to the receiver via the However, this scenario can only the signal (Fig. 1). In other words, Strong coding and specialised error detection and correction at processing of the bit stream, the OBU’s RF module. become reality if there is a reli - multiple versions of the same sig - protocols cannot compensate for the protocol level. message must appear in the appli - But how can RF module re - able wireless exchange of infor - nal are received at the antenna at the loss of the receive signal. cation layer precisely as it was re - quirements be tested? And how mation between the vehicles, even different times and with different Safety-relevant information is In contrast, tests at the protocol ceived at the OBU antenna. This can it be ensured that a transmit - under poor transmit conditions signal levels and interference. lost. This can represent a consid - level, that is from the LLC layer triggers additional actions, such as ted message is actually received? and without line of sight. If a sin - Super-positioning of the individ - erable safety risk, especially when up to the application layer (Fig. a warning message on the display A look at the mobile communica - gle piece of information is missed, ual signals at the receive antenna drivers have come to rely on 2), are not suitable for verifying or automatic braking. tions industry shows that three warnings from a V2X system and RF characteristics. These tests The RF module (that is the mac different types of RF tests are do not expect it to fail. check that the bit stream, which is layer and the physical layer) in the used to validate and certify smart - generated in the LLC layer from OBU must therefore meet certain phones: Physical transmission the received signal, is processed minimum requirements, for exam - To reduce the safety risk arising correctly. The RF signal at the re - ple with respect to the power and • Regulatory tests check the inter - from poor transmit conditions, the ceive antenna is ignored. As a re - frequency accuracy and the packet ference that the transmit signal RF transmitters and receivers sult, all tests at the protocol level error rate (PER). causes in other frequencies to en - found in on-board units (OBUs) rely on one important prerequi - In addition, the transmitted sig - sure it stays within a specified and road-side units (RSUs) of site: that the signal with the mes - nal must not interfere with any of limit. Typically, country regula - communications systems must sage has been received at the the transmission technologies in tory agencies specify these limits, exhibit certain characteristics. vehicle antenna and converted the adjacent frequencies. These and adherence is legally binding. Developers and users wanting to into a bit stream. characteristics can only be veri - These types of specifications are Fig. 1: Example of fading due to multipath propagation integrate V2X components into It is acceptable for the bit stream fied with RF tests, and not proto - already available for V2X units. without a line of sight path their system can use RF tests to to contain bit errors, but only as col tests, because any interference • Conformity tests ascertain

Page 23 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 24 TEST & MEASUREMENT TEST & MEASUREMENT

needed instead are alternatives field test, for example. test (Fig. 4). It is possible, how - that permit realistic testing in the • Multiple tests can be combined ever, to detect these RF problems lab. into test sequences and then per - during the development phase by In wireless communications, formed automatically. This makes using appropriate test instruments. conducted tests represent an alter - it possible to run long-term tests The RX tests can be performed native to field tests. A test system to study the reliability of a proto - with a signal generator that is ca - simulates the transmission chan - type. pable of generating a V2X signal. nel, while a cable replaces the ac - • Certain RF tests such as error A signal analyser covers the TX tual radio link. These types of RF vector magnitude (EVM) or RX test cases. Depending on the dy - Fig. 4: TX out-of-band test: tests can be performed for each sensitivity tests only make sense namic range of the analyser, a fil - The transmit power (blue line) prototype and each time the soft - as conducted tests. In a field test, ter for the V2X signal is needed to of an 802.11p unit exceeds the ware or hardware is changed. uncontrolled noise and interfer - cover the broad frequency range allowable limit (red line) at This has many advantages that ence from external sources falsify of the out-of-band measurement. multiple points; the frequency make development faster and less the measurement results. At present, various wireless range between 5855MHz and expensive and reduce errors: technologies are under discussion 5925MHz is reserved for V2X Depending on the selected sce - for implementing the V2X com - in Europe and in the USA • The tests can be performed at nario, channel simulation exactly munications, in particular wlan any time and at low cost. simulates the physical attributes 802.11p, LTE and 5G, which will Fig. 3: Signal generator showing a fading profile • The test conditions are clearly of the radio link. Today’s signal be available several years from for V2X at 5.9GHz defined at all times and can be generators can also simulate the power, frequency accuracy and now. Regardless of which technol - changed at any time irrespective special V2X fading profiles in real modulation accuracy. ogy is used, equipment manufac - of outside influences. time. TX out-of-band: The unwanted turers already offer the testers whether a smartphone meets the field tests, offering a realistic en - • Clearly defined test sequences, Field tests still make sense, transmit power outside of the al - needed for V2X. RF specifications of the technol - vironment for RF tests. when performed under the same especially for antenna measure - lowed frequency band must not Summary ogy it uses to transmit. For exam - However, other influences such conditions, lead to comparable re - ments, for example for determin - disrupt other technologies. TX ple, smartphones must not exceed as the weather can unpredictably sults. ing antenna characteristics or for out-of-band test cases therefore Development of wireless, auto - a specified maximum packet error change the RF characteristics of • Reproducible and comparable beam-forming tests. measure this transmit power and mated communications between rate or maximum transmit power. the radio link. The test setup and results facilitate debugging. Although conducted tests cannot compare it against the allowed traffic participants will continue to A separate test specification often test sequence depend on the vehi - • Parameters can be easily modi - completely replace field tests, limit. improve road safety. Safety-criti - describes how to perform and cles involved and the antenna lo - fied. This is in contrast to the channel simulation can simplify RX in-band: This category tests cal messages must be transmitted evaluate these tests. cations, and often they can only great deal of effort required to testing, easily and cost-effectively the receiver (RX), for example by reliably and quickly in every envi - • Some mobile communications be changed with considerable ef - modify the fading profile in a supporting development in the measuring the lowest receive ronment and every traffic situa - providers mandate stricter or addi - fort. lab. power at which the received sig - tion. Protocol tests alone are not tional tests beyond those de - This is not practicable for test - Box 2: Examples of RF tests nal can still be decoded or by sufficient because they do not test Detecting RF problems scribed here to differentiate ing a new device that is still in the that verify the receive measuring performance with fad - the circumstances under which the themselves from the competition development stage. What is characteristics (RX) of an To compare the test results of the ing. Fig. 3 shows a screenshot of a transmit signal arrives at the by providing better transmission OBU or RSU: various hardware and software vector signal generator with a receiver. Only RF tests can ensure quality and better network relia - Box 1: Examples of RF tests versions of a V2X unit, all test configured V2X fading profile. that the minimum physical bility. Mobile devices must meet that verify the transmit • Adjacent channel rejection procedures must be clearly de - RX out-of-band: Specialised test requirements are met by OBUs these special requirements to be characteristics (TX) of an • Non-adjacent channel fined. Some countries have there - cases measure whether the OBU and RSUs, so that lives can be allowed into the network. OBU or RSU: rejection fore defined test specifications for or RSU unintentionally emits saved during emergencies. • Decentralised congestion V2X systems that include test transmit power in other frequency Radio over cable Thomas Brüggen • Frequency accuracy control cases in four categories (see boxes bands when the transmitter is is project The automotive industry tests au - • Modulation accuracy • Out-of-band emissions one and two): switched off. manager of RF tomotive components and elec - • Out-of-band emissions when transmitter is off test for intelligent tronic control units in the lab, on • Transmission power level • Performance with fading TX in-band: The test cases in this Various plug tests for V2X have transport testing grounds and even on pub - • Spectrum emission mask (packet error rate) group test the transmitter (TX) shown that especially the TX out- systems at Rohde lic roads. For wireless communi - • Spurious emissions • Sensitivity characteristics, for example maxi - of-band and fading tests are prob - & Schwarz cations, this is the equivalent of mum and minimum transmit lematic for many devices under

Page 25 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 26 FUNCTIONAL SAFETY FUNCTIONAL SAFETY Functional safety 101 Andrew Hopkins provides an overview of functional safety and its growing importance in the design of automotive electronics

Traffic congestion is an on-going problem

Page 27 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 28 FUNCTIONAL SAFETY FUNCTIONAL SAFETY

Countermeasures he automotive industry has they go wrong. Each industry typ - for a specific amount of time, entered a period of rapid ically has a standard to guide de - often many milliseconds or more. A good way to start is with con - evolution that is changing velopments and set minimum Failures can also be systematic cept-level failure modes and ef - the way cars are designed, used expectations, as shown in Fig. 1, to the design itself, such as human fects analysis (FMEA) to identify Tand sold. Driver safety technolo - and for automotive electronics it errors in specifications and de - the list of possible failure modes gies, traffic congestion, environ - is ISO 26262, which defines func - sign, or due to the tools used. One in the system and how significant mental concerns and the tional safety as: “The absence of way to reduce these errors is to their effects are. Armed with that fundamental premise of how we unreasonable risk due to hazards have rigorous quality processes list and an understanding of the Fig. 2: Classes of fault use our cars are all influencing the caused by malfunctioning behav - that include a range of plans, re - system’s complexity, the most sig - next generation of vehicles. iour of electrical or electronic sys - views and measured assessments. nificant failure modes can be As a sign of the times, Euro tems.” Safety requires predictable Another class of failure is ran - identified and countermeasures prise market as failure in time – therefore an important part of any NCap continues to push the vehi - failure modes that could be with dom hardware faults; they could designed. for Asil B to D. IP offering, as it becomes an en - cle manufacturers by regularly full functionality, graceful degra - be permanent faults such as a Some of the common techniques Going back to the examples abler throughout the value chain. evolving the five-star rating to in - dation in functionality or a clean short circuit between wires, pins are: given previously, windscreen Functional safety clude more and more safety assist shutdown followed by a reset and or tracks. Alternatively, they could wipers, braking and airbag de - features such as lane keeping and restart. be soft errors caused by exposure • Diverse checkers; ployment could be classified as Functional safety is moving away monitoring support, the detection to the natural radiation all around • Full lock-step replication; Asil D, whereas the speedometer from being a specialist require - Faults of objects in the driver’s blind us. Such faults can be detected by • Selective hardware redundancy; and parking sensors might consti - ment to becoming the norm as the spot, and autonomous emergency Not all faults will lead to haz - countermeasures designed into the • Software redundancy; and tute Asil B or lower depending on number of complex applications braking to help avoid or reduce ardous events immediately. For hardware and software. System- • Error detection and error-cor - the overall system design and the that rely on electronics increases, rear end impacts. The vehicle example, a fault in a car’s power level approaches are also impor - recting code. safety case. ranging from automotive to med - makers get relatively little ad - steering might lead to incorrect tant, for example logic ical and industrial devices. Func - Safety element out of context vance warning as more and more sudden steering action. However, built-in-self-test (BIST) can be Within the standards there are dif - tional safety is growing in features are required to gain a top since the electronic and mechani - applied at start up or shut down to ferent levels of safety defined to Key to functional safety is the importance for all stakeholders safety rating, encouraging the in - cal designs will have natural tim - distinguish between soft and per - reflect the function’s criticality. preparation of a safety case. This within the automotive supply dustry to continue to innovate and ing delays, faults can be tolerated manent faults. For example, ECUs controlling is a structured argument, sup - chain as there is a realisation that include this technology in as wide the windscreen wipers, airbags or ported with evidence, which justi - a wide range of components can a range of vehicles as possible. brakes need to have a higher in - fies why the system is acceptably benefit from highly reliable, high Most, if not all, of the safety in - tegrity than those controlling the safe in its specific operating envi - performance systems. novations being developed depend speedometer or parking sensors ronment. Safety cases are also With its roots firmly in the on the safe and reliable operation because vision through the wind - usually hierarchical. The case, realm of quality and robustness, of the electronics in the car. With screen is essential and unintended composed by chip developers, re - work done to enable functional high-end cars containing around braking or airbag deployment quires input from each IP supplier, safety also has widespread bene - 120 processors focused on im - could be fatal. On the other hand, which then enables their customer fits and is a catalyst for improved proving powertrain emissions, en - neither the speedometer nor park - and so forth. Most licensable sili - quality and product resilience hancing safety and providing ing sensors are essential to a con IP will be developed as a so across the industry. It is a founda - connectivity, these sophisticated human to stop the car safely. called safety element out of con - tion upon which chip designers systems require a fool-proof way The level of integrity needed is text (SEooC), where its designers can develop systems to address to keep drivers safe. therefore linked to the necessity will have no specific understand - the need for higher performance This is called functional safety, and ability of a human to avert an ing of how it will subsequently be in the car; for driver safety, fuel and its importance is growing as unsafe situation, and the standards used. Hence, the safety manual efficiency, comfort and in-car vehicle electronics move from provide guidance to help qualify must also capture insight from the infotainment. driver warning and assistance to the level of integrity needed and IP developers about their expecta - Andrew taking over full control of the ve - metrics to quantify the integrity of tions to avoid inappropriate use; Hopkins is hicle in the race towards au - systems. ISO 26262 proposes likewise tier-one suppliers of con - strategic tonomous driving. Fig. 1: Standards for metrics for so called single point trollers to OEMs may also de - technology Functional safety is about ensur - functional safety of faults, latent faults and a proba - velop using the SEooC model. specialist at ing that products operate safely silicon IP bilistic metric of hardware failure The availability of a safety docu - Arm and continue to do so even when (PMHF) – known by the enter - mentation package at IP level is

Page 29 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 30 INFOTAINMENT INFOTAINMENT

integrated into the car, such as steering-wheel controls, multi- function buttons and knobs, as well as voice recognition. A major trend has been the inte - gration of increasingly large dis - NO NEED TO plays for in-car infotainment. In concert with this trend, new car models are likely to offer the re - placement of traditional buttons, switches and dials with digital dis - TOUCH play touchscreen controls. Auto - motive makers have recognised that users are increasingly seeking automotive interiors and dash - boards that have a more modern look, yet also offer an easy-to-use interface. Use of fingers to make touch- based gestures is now common - place when using smart consumer devices, for example. However, touch-based gesturing has some clear limitations for use in the car: pinching and scrolling on a dis - play while driving clearly brings safety risks with driver attention being diverted from the road. Touchless An increasingly interesting option for both users and the industry is touchless gesture recognition based control, which can provide the next step for automotive info - Haptic technology tainment. The drive for touchless can provide tactile feedback gestures comes with the use of for touchless gesture control gesture-tracking technologies such as those that employ high- definition cameras. These can be programmed to detect hand mo - tions and to disregard other move - David Owen discusses next-generation ments. he pervasion of electronic ment systems, typically offering a can make too many compromises The range of potential touchless interfaces in automotive infotainment functionality in cars is per - proliferation of functionality and on ease of use or it will risk user gestures available to drivers will haps most readily visible in customisable settings. acceptance. clearly depend on each system, systems, looking to a future of touchless the automotive infotainment area. This trend clearly requires the Today, many different user inter - but touch-based user interfaces gesture control with haptic feedback TLeading car makers are building development of a more sophisti - face options to control in-car info - employed in mobile devices have increasingly complex infotain - cated user interface, but no system tainment systems are being shown that common gestures can

Page 31 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 32 INFOTAINMENT INFOTAINMENT

Feedback be quickly and easily learnt. Although tactile feedback pro - Unfortunately, the car industry A highly attractive solution to vides a more complete user expe - has found a major issue with ges - these problems is haptic feedback, rience, closing the loop to provide ture-based interfaces. First, a which is the sensation of touch helpful non-visual cues, most ap - driver might not immediately and is already well known in com - proaches are limited by the need know if their hand is even in the puter gaming and many mobile to be in physical contact with the right area for the gesture to be consumer products. It has been haptic system, which means they recognised; and, secondly, there is achieved so far through compara - cannot be used in applications often a time delay between ges - tively simple implementations that based on touchless gesture recog - ture and action and the driver may have become practically synony - nition at a distance. not be aware that the gesture has mous with touch technology. Hap - To deliver a touchless haptic been registered and the system is tic feedback has also started to system requires new technology. simply processing the command. appear in the automotive arena, To address this, an acoustic radia - Users often find they need to re - primarily in adas. tion force can provide mid-air peat the gesture to make sure the For example, some systems will user feedback for touchless ges - device understands it, potentially vibrate the steering wheel when ture recognition. Focused ultra - cancelling the desired command, the car begins to stray from its sound techniques can augment or they need to take their eyes off lane on the road or use actuators recognition and control systems the road and check the display in the seat to simulate the effect of for hand gestures. visually, as with touch-based driving over the rumble strips that Ultrasound control. often lie to the side of the road. The key to the technology’s abil - Testing ultrasound technology ity to create haptic feedback lies in the interaction between focused based sensations. nology can work with a range of switch or dial will continue to be ultrasound and the skin. When the Algorithms can control the volu - input sensors, such as a gesture- available to the driver. ultrasound is focused onto the sur - metric distribution of the ultra - tracking leap motion camera held Summary face of the skin, it induces a shear sound force field to form various in a cradle in a pre-calibrated po - wave in the skin tissue. The dis - three-dimensional shapes. For ex - sition or potentially with radar- The advantages of not having to placement caused by the shear ample, a close focused beam based technology. touch in-car equipment are highly wave triggers mechanoreceptors could simulate the curve of a knob The system can also be set up to valuable. The integration of haptic within the skin generating a haptic or button, whereas a rapidly mod - deliver feedback to confirm that a feedback into touchless gesture sensation. ulated beam of energy may simu - driver’s hand is within the interac - recognition can help car makers It generates ultrasound using late the feeling of rubbing the tion zone. For example, passing gain greater market acceptance for transducers mounted under the hand across a ribbed surface. the hand through a wall of the technology to deliver control fascia of a product or on a sepa - A suitable ultrasound carrier acoustic force to indicate to the of infotainment systems. In the fu - rate control panel to provide the frequency is 40kHz due to avail - driver that they have passed ture, this could also be extended sensation of touch up to a metre ability of production-ready trans - though one of the outer bound - to passenger-comfort functions away from the surface. An array ducers and its propagation and aries of the interactive zone and such as the heating and air-condi - of ultrasound transducers creates audible properties. However, the are now able to make gestures to tioning system or automatic win - one or more focal points of en - receptors within human skin are control the infotainment system. dows, sunroof and seat controls. ergy, which can be less than 1cm not able to detect vibration at such Another significant capability is across, on the user’s hand. a high frequency; they can only automatic recognition and loca - Additionally, modulating the detect changes in intensity of the tion of the gesture interaction transducers’ ultrasound frequency ultrasound. The 40kHz ultrasound zone. Essentially using the cam - David Owen is allows different types of sensation therefore needs modulating at a era’s image-processing ability, the vice president to be created. lower frequency within the per - system clamps itself to the hand – of business The combination of these two ceptual range of feeling. firing the required transducers in Ultrasound transducers create focal points that generate development at approaches enables software to To determine the location of a the appropriate sequence – and the haptic feedback on the skin Ultrahaptics generate a wide range of touch- driver’s hands or fingers, the tech - acoustic-force-produced button,

Page 33 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 34 WIRING SYSTEMS WIRING SYSTEMS

ata exchange is a hot topic for car manufacturers. De - velopments in this area have opened up the market for ON THE Dcollaboration and forced price competition, and they have also enabled design and collaboration efficiency. In the domain of wiring sys - tems, a data exchange standard WIRE has been established by the Ger - man automotive industry over the past ten years. Called KBL (Kabel Baum Liste), it has had an impact on different stakeholders. Ask any automotive manufac - turer today where they look to make unit cost savings in their ve - hicles, and the wiring system will surely top their list. As one of the most expensive and heaviest sys - tem components, with the highest degree of variance, it poses a chal - lenge that must be approached from every angle. Consider an average premium mid-class vehicle such as a Mer - cedes C class or BMW 3 series. Vehicles such as these contain up to 3km of cable with a total weight of up to 100kg. Given these volumes, even modest cost savings can give manufacturers a clear competitive edge when ap - plied to a platform of millions of cars per year. KBL format A significant factor in recent times that has helped reduce cable man - ufacturing costs, and led to more efficient collaboration, is the de - Reinhold Blank velopment of the standardised KBL data exchange format. KBL explains why data is defined as VDA 4964 and is based on the ISO standard Step formats matter for AP212 (ISO 10303-212). cutting wiring harness costs Created by an industry-wide collaboration (a VDA working

Page 35 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 36 WIRING SYSTEMS WIRING SYSTEMS

Limitations simple, but it’s a complex task in practice. Although the KBL format has It is precisely this that led not produced real benefits for the au - only to the standardisation of data tomotive industry, there are limi - exchange but also to closer data tations. The biggest one is that the development practices in the Ger - raw KBL file does not transfer all man wire harness industry. So the the data needed for producing or KBL standard was developed fur - inspecting a harness product. This ther to its current version 2.3. means the graphical representa - This has created another issue. tion – the explicit harness drawing Tool manufacturers lost the stabil - – must be included to specify the ity that came from knowing their complete harness product. Infor - Project based cooperation OEM was tied to them for the mation that is not supported in the foreseeable future, as they KBL format includes, for exam - Vehicles such as the BMW 3 series can contain up to 3km of cable group in Germany), the format working with due to their process couldn’t integrate with any other ple, geometric dimensioning and brought an end to the phenome - specialisation. tools. And the tool vendors used tolerancing, textual or graphical non of OEMs being tied directly to know that all related suppliers information, and assembly in - data means additional drawings Prostep iViP Association supports Openness to wiring harness manufacturers, had to use the same tools. With structions on the drawing, such as are not needed to complement the implementation of interfaces and the suppliers to OEMs. In that When the standardisation was ini - the new standards, there is more position markers that show the KBL files. based on the VEC and KBL stan - set-up, suppliers operated in a tiated more than 15 years ago, competition for the tool vendors spatial direction of a bundle. • The entire cable harness is de - dards. Vendors are driving the de - mostly closed system where they most stakeholders expected that and they have to compete on qual - There are also dialects of the scribed digitally so the whole ployment of the VEC standard in had to base their entire process they would only need to agree on ity for every stage of the process KBL format that various OEMs process chain can now be fully tools related to wiring system de - chain on the processes of their re - a common data format. But they chain. have created as workarounds for digitised. sign and engineering processes, spective OEMs. Generally, they soon discovered that if partners no For the user, this means that as details not covered with KBL. As one might expect, driving in - based on user priorities. could only use the processes, data longer work side-by-side sharing well as the cost benefit of compe - dustry-wide change in such a fun - By standardising and expanding Towards VEC and tools for the electrical system the detail of their processes, it has tition, they have the advantage of damental part of the automotive the digital description of harness development process of their a serious impact on data quality being able to choose the best-in- These limitations in KBL drove production chain takes time and products, VEC will help build on manufacturers, since there was lit - and processing. class tool for each process stage. the VDA project group to start care. So to support users during the changes enabled by KBL in tle or no support for data ex - It is not sufficient that one party Once the data are supplied in work on a new format to meet the the transition phase of the emerg - reducing the constraints on the au - change from within the (OEM) throws data over the fence KBL format, each design stage challenges of next generation au - ing VEC format, there is what is tomotive industry, which means manufacturers’ closed systems and expects the supplier on the can be performed using spe - tomobiles, so the VEC (Vehicle known as a package process, in that competition between suppli - with those of their competitors. other side to understand it and in - cialised tools. KBL therefore acts Electrical Container) standard was which the KBL file forms the core ers will further increase. Opportu - By creating a standardised lan - corporate it into their in-house as a virtual data backbone for the conceived. of a package to which the harness nities will also open up for guage with which the entire processes to manufacture and sup - overall process chain, which gen - First published in 2011, the for - drawing is added and linked as an cooperation with additional OEMs process chain could communicate, ply wire harnesses. This sounds erates real benefits. mat allows for an extended elec - SVG graphic. Both are then that have not previously been KBL blew open this closed mar - trological description, meaning a zipped into a container – the har - within reach for technical or ket with opportunities for OEMs detailed documentation of the ness container for vehicle (HCV) geographical reasons. to work with multiple harness components used is enabled and file – and can be transferred as a Through the systematic digitisa - manufacturers. And, most impor - the exact description of the topol - single file. tion of harness documentation, the tantly, it allows OEMs to realise ogy enabled. VEC represents a This process has been used suc - collaborative development cost savings as they benefit from significant improvement on KBL. cessfully by several OEMs for a process will become even more global sourcing to drive down Some of VEC’s key technical number of years. It supports a efficient, which in turn will open cost, as with their other compo - features are: combination of tools from differ - up savings potential nents. • Vendor-specific extensions of ent vendors within one end-to-end for all parties. The standard has also opened up the data model, frequently process. Reinhold Blank is business opportunities for suppli - referred to as dialects, are omitted. Future benefits business director ers because they can now tender This gives the supplier more for automotive at and deliver to OEMs that they choice. The Ecad Implementer Forum Consequences of VEC Zuken were previously excluded from • Deeper integration of geometric (Ecad-IF) working group of the

Page 37 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 38 DRIVER ASSISTANCE DRIVER ASSISTANCE

at the Ford European Research & “Parking is one of the most Innovation Center in Aachen, Ger - stressful experiences behind the Evasive steering assist helps drivers when they many, include systems designed to wheel, and drivers struggling to come across an unexpected obstacle help drivers steer around other ve - find suitable parking spaces in hicles to help avoid high speed urban areas can have a knock-on collisions, and to warn drivers effect for traffic flow as well as from travelling the wrong way stress-levels,” said Dirk Gunia, down motorways. supervisor for driver assist elec - These new technologies – ex - tronics at Ford of Europe. “Tech - pected to be first made available nologies like our enhanced active on Ford vehicles in the next two park assist will help drivers feel years – are part of the company’s confident about parking in spaces commitment to triple its invest - they might otherwise have consid - ment in developing driver assist ered too small.” features, to evolve them further Enhanced active park assist con - and to expand their capabilities, trols steering, gear selection and speeding the roll-out of systems forward and reverse motion to fa - that make it easier to park and cilitate parking at a push of a but - drive in heavy traffic, and help ton. It can automatically enter and drivers avoid collisions. exit a parallel parking space, and “Drivers must remain alert and can reverse the vehicle into a per - reactive when behind the wheel pendicular space. Enhanced active but driver assist technology can park assist also uses sensors to lo - help,” said Edmund King, presi - cate suitable parking spaces. dent of the Automobile Associa - Cross traffic alert with braking tion. “There are great benefits in uses radar sensors to monitor the Ford developing new assist tech - area behind the vehicle. If the nologies which can aid the driver driver is backing out and does not WWAAYY FFOORRWWAARRDD to avoid collisions, spot vulnera - react to the initial warning, the ble road-users in blind spots or system is designed to apply the eradicate parking rage by making brakes automatically. The system parking easier.” is being designed to detect motor - Ford has unveiled some of its latest from their destination than “We’ve all become accustomed cycles and bicycles. Parking stress driver assist technologies attempt to parallel park. to the challenges of driving, but it The rear wide-view camera dis - Cross-traffic alert with braking remains one of the most demand - In the UK, car park related acci - plays a wide-angle view from the technology in development at ing tasks most of us perform day dents cost drivers around £716m rear of the vehicle on the in-car ord’s investments in driver fered on Ford vehicles that help Ford is being designed to help in, day out,” said Torsten Wey, in repair bills each year. During display, to offer a similar func - assist technology aims to drivers with parking, collision reduce parking stress by detecting manager for chassis and safety the past 20 years, the width of tionality to Ford’s front wide view deliver features that make avoidance, lane keeping, speed people and objects about to pass electronics at Ford of Europe. cars has increased by around 16 camera at the front of the Ford parking less stressful and help management and more. behind the vehicle, providing a “Technology is already proving its per cent but many parking spaces Edge, Galaxy and S-Max models. Fdrivers park in spaces they would Nerve-wracking, potentially warning to the driver and then potential to help make driving less remain the same size. When reversing, it provides an ad - not otherwise consider. Further hazardous and a significant con - automatically braking if the driver stressful – and Ford’s investment Research also shows that 47 per ditional view that enables drivers new technologies help drivers tributor to repair bills for low- does not respond. Rear wide-view in research and development is cent of drivers park further away to see around corners as well as steer around slow or stopping speed bumps and scrapes, parking camera, on the in-car display, will paying off by accelerating innova - from their destination to avoid obstacles and objects approaching vehicles in emergencies and warn is a pet-hate for drivers every - offer an alternative wide-angle tion to expand our portfolio of parallel parking, 15 per cent avoid from behind the vehicle. drivers going the wrong way where. In the UK, for example, a view of the rear of the vehicle. driver-assist technologies that de - parallel parking completely, and Steering out of trouble down the motorway. quarter of accidents occur in car Enhanced active park assist will liver functionality and perform - 75 per cent of drivers get nervous The systems build on wide- parks. Almost half of drivers say parallel or perpendicular park at ance that customers will value.” when having to park in front of Ford also is developing technol - ranging technologies already of - they would rather travel further the push of a button. Further technologies developed other drivers. ogy that could help drivers steer

Page 39 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 40 DRIVER ASSISTANCE DRIVER ASSISTANCE

Wrong way crashes are more warn drivers to stop or turn likely to produce serious injuries around. and fatalities compared with other Traffic jam assist is a further collisions. In Germany, three per technology previously announced cent of fatal accidents on motor - by Ford, and expected to arrive ways are caused by people driving within two years. The system as - the wrong way, accounting for sists the driver in keeping the ve - around 20 fatalities each year. hicle centred in the lane and Wrong way alert uses a wind - brakes and accelerates to keep screen mounted camera and infor - pace with the vehicle in front mation from the car’s navigation Longer term, Ford is also devel - system to provide drivers with au - oping a camera-based front light - dible and visual warnings when ing system that widens the Cross traffic alert with braking can help the driver driving through two no-entry headlight beam at junctions and see round corners signs on a motorway ramp. The roundabouts after interpreting system – first available for drivers traffic signs. in Germany, Austria and Switzer - In Europe, Ford has been offer - Wrong-way alert warns drivers about to pass a no-entry sign Wrong-way warning around stopped or slower vehicles land – builds on traffic sign recog - ing a broad portfolio of features to help avoid collisions. It’s every driver’s worst nightmare nition that uses a forward-facing for mass-market customers for Designed to operate at city and and Ford is developing technol - windscreen-mounted camera to many years including: when activated scans traffic signs parallel parking space, the system highway speeds, evasive steering ogy that could help stop it from scan the environment for road and adjusts the throttle to help operating the steering while the assist uses radar and a camera to happening – to warn drivers from signs and alert the driver to their • Pre-collision assist with pedes - drivers stay within legal speed driver operates the accelerator and detect slower moving and station - entering the motorway from the presence. It uses the camera and trian detection; limits and avoid fines; brake. ary vehicles ahead and provides wrong direction. the navigation system to help • Intelligent speed limiter, which • Glare-free high-beam, which The side parking aid delivers au - steering support to enable drivers uses a windshield-mounted cam - dible alerts and on-screen distance to help avoid a vehicle if a colli - era to detect the headlights or tail - indicators to obstacles around the sion is imminent. lights of bicycles up to 100m vehicle. And cross traffic alert The system is activated if there away, motorcycles up to 400m warns drivers reversing out of a is insufficient space to avoid a away and cars up to 800m away at parking space of vehicles that may collision by braking only and the night, and uses specially devel - soon be crossing behind them. driver decides to take evasive ac - oped headlights to block light that Further driver assistance tech - tion. could otherwise temporarily blind nologies include adaptive cruise Evasive steering assist builds on other drivers and cyclists; and control, blind spot information existing forward collision warning • Adaptive front lighting, which system, traffic sign recognition, technology, and pre-collision as - adjusts the headlight beam angle lane keeping alert, lane keeping sists, which reduces the severity and intensity to match the driving aid and driver alert. of some frontal collisions involv - environment, including a weather- “Driver-assist technologies help ing vehicles and pedestrians, or dependent lighting mode that au - us all be better drivers because help drivers avoid some impacts tomatically adjusts headlights to they enhance our ability to see altogether. help drivers spot roadside hazards and sense the road around us,” “As soon as the driver tries to in extreme heavy rain. said Scott Lindstrom, manager of steer around a slower car in an driver-assist and active safety at emergency, evasive steering assist Parking technologies include per - Ford. “Ford’s investment in re - activates to help execute the eva - pendicular parking, which can de - search and development is paying sive manoeuvre by making it eas - tect and reverse the car hands-free off by accelerating innovation to ier to perform quick steering into spaces alongside other cars in expand our portfolio of driver-as - movements,” said Peter Zegelaar, the same way that active park as - sist technologies that deliver func - technical expert for brake controls sist helps drivers parallel park. tionality and performance that Taking the stress out of parallel parking at Ford of Europe. Park-out assist helps drivers exit a customers will value.”

Page 41 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 42 PRODUCTS PRODUCTS

High current density Sensing double for simplified package for sensor ICs temperature measurement Fully integrated current perature compensation sensor linear ICs are technology also con - Two sensing technologies extreme temperatures. It available from Allegro tribute to the stability of from Melexis are for sim - lets automotive designers Microsystems in a core- the devices across the plified integration of tem - address the need for more less package designed to operating temperature perature measurement stringent engine and ex - sense AC and DC cur - range. High-level immu - into applications that en - haust thermal manage - rents up to 100A. nity to current conductor hance safety, efficiency ment and control. The ACS780 and dV/dt and stray electric and convenience. Target applications in - ACS781 come in this au - fields is offered by inte - typically 200µΩ, provid - industrial and computer With the ability to oper - clude turbo charger tem - tomotive-grade, low-pro - grated shield technology, ing low power loss. The applications. Automotive ate reliably in harsh envi - perature control, exhaust file, 1.5mm thick sensor for low-output voltage thickness of the copper applications include EPS ronments, the MLX90640 gas recirculation, selec - IC package that repre - ripple and low-offset drift conductor allows survival and DC-DC converters infra-red sensor array is a tive catalytic reduction, sents the highest current in high-side, high-voltage of the devices at high and oil and hvac pumps 32 by 24 pixel device diesel oxidation catalyst density of any of the com - applications. overcurrent conditions. that require higher cur - suited to safety and con - perature accuracy of by 35˚ version and a 110 and diesel and petrol par - pany’s current sensor IC The output of the device The terminals of the con - rents. venience applications that ±1˚C. Noise equivalent by 75˚ wide-angle ver - ticle filtering systems. packages to date. has a positive slope (more ductive path are electri - The devices are fully include vehicle seat occu - temperature difference is sion. It is supplied in a It supports a -40 to The Hall sensor tech - than V CC /2) when an in - cally isolated from the calibrated prior to ship - pancy detection. It has a 0.1K RMS at a 1Hz re - four-pin TO39 package +1300˚C thermocouple nology also incorporates creasing current flows signal leads (pins one to ment from the factory. -40 to +85˚C operational fresh rate. incorporating the requi - temperature range and common-mode field re - through the primary cop - seven and ten), allowing The family is lead (Pb) temperature range and Unlike microbolometer site optics. An I 2C-com - has an operating temper - jection to optimise per - per conduction path from the device to operate free. All leads are plated can measure object tem - alternatives, the sensor patible digital interface ature of -40 to +155˚C. formance in the presence terminal eight to nine, safely with voltages up to with 100 per cent matt tin peratures between -40 does not need frequent re- simplifies integration. On-board cold junction of interfering magnetic which is the path used for 100V peak on the primary and there is no Pb inside and +300˚C. calibration, thus ensuring The MLX90342 is a compensation and lineari - fields generated by current sampling. conductor. the package. The heavy Maintaining precision continuous monitoring quadruple thermocouple sation, plus factory cali - nearby current-carrying The internal resistance These sensor ICs are gauge lead-frame is made across its full measure - and lowering system cost. interface that provides bration guarantee an conductors. of this conductive path is suitable for automotive, of oxygen-free copper. ment scale, it delivers a Field-of-view options rapid response and high intrinsic accuracy of ±5˚C Each device consists of typical target object tem - comprise the standard 55 accuracy when measuring at +1100˚C. a precision, low-offset In addition, the com - The sensor interface is linear Hall circuit with a Seven varistors pany has introduced five Flyback transformer targets heat housed in a 26-pin 6 by copper conduction path surface-mount varistors, 4mm QFN package and near the die. Applied cur - Seven series of metal- vices integrate a capacitor including four that are An AEC-Q200 certified lation between primary Broadcom ACPL-32JT has a refresh rate of rent flowing through this oxide varistors from to suppress interference AEC-Q200 qualified. flyback transformer from and secondary windings, and ACPL-302J optocou - 50Hz. Temperature data conduction path generates Kemet complement its from devices such as DC This line features devices TT Electronics targets coupled with AEC-Q200 pler ICs. Additionally, the can be transmitted via a a magnetic field which existing circuit-protection electric motors and are capable of high tempera - high temperature auto - grade 0 automotive certi - quality of the magnetics Sent revision-three digital the Hall IC converts into devices and can protect AEC-Q200 qualified. ture operation for use in motive and industrial ap - fication and an operating products ensures a high interface, while diagnos - a proportional voltage. critical circuit compo - Compact in size, they are automotive and industrial plications temperature of -40 to saturation current capa - tic capabilities monitor Device accuracy is opti - nents from high-energy for protecting sensitive applications, as well as The HA00-10043- +155˚C. It is for use in bility and low leakage in - the health of the sensor mised through the close discharges. The devices automotive electronics plastic encapsulations ALFTR transformer pro - harsh automotive and in - ductance performance. and interface, identifying proximity of the primary include dual-function against electric-motor that offer humidity resist - vides high-voltage iso- dustrial environments, Together with the trans - operational problems conductor to the Hall varistor-capacitors that noise as well as poten - ance for use in medical such as near a vehicle’s former’s 12.0 by 12.5mm without additional com - transducer and factory combine transient and tially damaging high- instruments and equip - powertrain. footprint and 6.3mm pro - ponents. Integrated fault programming of the sen - EMI protection, and plas - energy transients. X7R- ment such as outdoor The device is designed file, these features make detection mechanisms sitivity and zero-ampere tic-enclosed varistors to capacitor temperature mobile-communications to comply with the regu - the device suitable for help sensor designs con - output voltage. increase reliability in characteristics ensure sta - infrastructure and profes - latory safety requirements high efficiency DC-DC form to the latest vehicle Chopper-stabilised sig - humid environments. ble parameters over the sional or consumer white stipulated for use with converter applications. exhaust regulations. nal path and digital tem - The dual-function de - specified temperatures. goods.

Page 43 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 44 PRODUCTS PRODUCTS Vehicle tracker with built-in 3G modem Memory enables instant-on IC Nexus has introduced cle monitoring, GPIO for infotainment a vehicle-tracking device button and ignition, Eth - based on the NXP ernet lan, GPS location A small-footprint mem - HyperBus master inter - the industrial -40 to iMX6UL Arm Cortex- and navigation, 3G ory that enables instant- face controller IP pack - +85˚C and industrial-plus A7, 500MHz processor. modem for data commu - on applications is age. This IP can be -40 to +105˚C ranges. The VPC100 communi - nications, wifi hotspot, available from Cypress integrated into a host con - Both ranges are available cations gateway has a USB and RS232 card Semiconductor. The de - troller platform to accel - with AEC-Q100 automo - built-in WCDMA 3G reader and printer, and G vice contains the firm’s erate product design tive qualification and modem and 9 to 36V and light sensor. 3V 512Mbit HyperFlash cycles. with production part ap - power input. It uses a U- and 64Mbit HyperRam The device is offered in proval process support. Blox GPS receiver. memories in a multi-chip Features include photo- Chipset supports autonomy package measuring 8 by Bus interface keeps pin count down coupled digital IO, ana - 6mm. logue input, Can bus, A secure, mass-market modem, a low-latency downloads. In addition, it The package combines A 12 pin-count bus inter - OctaFlash and OctaRam package dimension re - Open GTS remote track - ready V2X chipset from V2X hardware security has worldwide compli - a high-speed NOR flash face for IoT and automo - components on one bus. duced from 9 by 9mm to ing server, Linux kernel Autotalks is architected module and crypto-agile ance, supporting US, EU memory for fast-boot, in - tive applications has been The two products can 6 by 8mm. 3.14 (Yocto 1.8), device for autonomous vehicles. hardware verification en - and Japan standards. stant-on capability with a introduced by Macronix. share the same data IO OctaFlash goes from drivers, sample applica - The Secton handles gines. Manufactured by ST self-refresh dram for ex - The design keeps the high and certain signal control 256Mbit to 2Gbit in 24 tion software and device V2X security computa - The chipset also Microelectronics, it can panded scratchpad mem - speed, high efficiency pins and are compatible BGA or 16 SOP (256- management software. tion, allowing developers supports IEEE 802.11 operate at the high tem - ory in a low-pin-count features of OctaFlash but with each other with re - 512Mbit). The 512Mbit is The device can act as an to focus on application re - a/b/g/n/ac to enable high- peratures measured in package for space-con - uses only 12 pins, sharing gards to their modified in production with the IoT gateway, in-vehicle liability rather than bandwidth external wifi Shark Fin antennas or strained and cost-opti - the same data IO to sim - memory protocols. rest sampling. OctaRam computer and in-vehicle vulnerability to cyber- for supplementary value- headliners. Engineering mised embedded designs. plify system design and OctaRam delivers a goes from 32 to 128Mbit router. security attacks. added services, such as samples that can support Applications include optimise PCB space. performance comparable 3V-133MHz or 1.8V- In vehicles, applications It integrates a mobility- data synchronisation with autonomous driving ap - automotive clusters and OctaFlash is an eight IO to DDR2. 200MHz in a 24 BGA. include Can-based vehi - optimised IEEE802.11p home and high-speed plications are available. infotainment systems. serial NOR flash with MCP (multi chip pack - The 64Mbit is sampling. The package leverages 400Mbyte/s data transfer age) chips using separate OctaMCP is 512Mbit the firm‘s 12-pin Hyper - rate. The OctaBus mem - buses typically require a (OctaFlash) plus 64Mbit Bundle allows Can IP evaluation Bus interface and is ory interface keeps the BGA package with 80 (OctaRam), 3V in a 24 housed in a 24-ball ball low pin count feature of pins. A design adopting BGA. Engineering sam - Cast and Avery Design give developers an imme - first soft IP cores avail - conductors and On Semi - grid array that shares a OctaFlash and combines OctaBus can have the ples are due early 2017. Systems have partnered diate, out-of-the-box way able for asics and FPGAs. conductor. common footprint with to deliver a pre-config - to evaluate Can IP against Running on Cast‘s Can The Avery suite sup - discrete HyperFlash and for additional configura - ured, pre-verified bundle applicable industry spec - FD reference design, it ports the latest ISO spec - HyperRam products. This Port for MCU tion or setup. Included in for developers needing a ifications. The licence lets has already undergone the ifications including the common footprint en - the support items is a Can FD bus controller for developers use the same real-world-like testing of recent 11898-2 revision. ables design engineers to Segger has introduced an project for the IAR automotive and industrial VIP suite to verify the three Can In Automation It includes a set of models implement a single-pad Embos port for the Rene - EWRH850 workbench. applications. correct operation of the plug fests. This includes and compliance test suites layout that supports ei - sas RH850 automotive The offering includes The bundle includes a Can bus as their system proven operation with for all modes in the spec - ther, allowing changes at microcontroller family. the Embos manual, which Can 2.0 and FD bus con - development progresses. physical transceivers ifications. The VIP was any point in the design or The port comes with can not only be used as a troller core from Cast and The controller core in from all popular physical developed in native Sys - product lifecycle without BSPs for all popular Re - reference for the Embos the Can-Xactor VIP from the bundle was developed Can FD transceivers, in - tem Verilog UVM, and affecting board layout. nesas RH850 MCUs and API but also describes all Avery along with a one- by Fraunhofer IPMS and cluding those from Denso includes traffic genera - Those developing related evaluation boards. the rtos basics. Further - month licence. licensed and supported by Automotive, Infineon tion, protocol checking FPGAs, asics or ASSPs The packages run out of- more, Embos is Misra-C: It is pre-configured to Cast. It was among the Technologies, NXP Semi - and coverage. receive support through a the-box without the need 2012 compliant.

Page 45 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 46 PRODUCTS PRODUCTS DC-DC controller Module controls AC

for 12 to 48V buses Following its takeover of simplify and shorten the Fairchild, On Semicon - process of designing the A six-phase bidirectional the 48V starter-generator ductor has introduced a power stages of high- PWM controller can per - fails while the vehicle is compact 650V, 50A voltage automotive auxil - form buck and boost driving, the DC-DC con - power module for con - iary inverters for power conversions be - troller seamlessly re - trolling vehicle air condi - compressors and oil tween 12 and 48V auto - verses power conversion tioning compressors. pumps. motive buses. A single direction so the 12V bat - The FAM65V05DFI is The acquisition of automotive-grade Intersil tery will temporarily sup - for hybrid and full Fairchild adds high volt - ISL78226 delivers up to ply the 48V subsystems, electric vehicles and inte - age, plus a significantly 3.75kW at more than 95 such as power steering, grates IGBTs, freewheel - broadened range of per cent conversion effi - allowing the vehicle to Software combines ing diodes and gate medium voltage devices ciency, and can interleave pull over safely and stop. drivers in an automotive- to the portfolio. in a modular master-slave It also integrates a digi - with hardware for qualified 12cm 2 footprint The device comes in an architecture to deliver tal PMBus interface for package. APM 27L double dip higher power. system control, telemetry sensor analysis The device is said to package. This design helps engi - and diagnostics that neers support the rapid supports ISO 26262 func - The analysis, simulation manding test environ - uct properties. adoption of 48V hybrid tional safety require - and testing of sensor-spe - ments. Thus, full control Resist cracks The thin-walled plug-in powertrains that provide ments. cific protocols, such as over all protocol-relevant connectors are said to improved emissions and The limp-home mode PSI5 and Sent, could be data exists during simula - BASF has said it believes and unbreakable plug-in combine flowability with better fuel economy for reduces power in the made easier with Vector’s tion. In addition, error de - that the Ultradur grade connectors are needed as impact strength. internal combustion en - event of a serious fault or Canoe Sensor software tection mechanisms B4340ZG2 high speed replacing broken, individ - The comparative track - gines and electric mild failure, allowing the vehi - and VT2710 hardware facilitate debugging. connectors will be more ual end sections involves ing index, track resistance hybrids. cle to be driven home or module. The physical connec - robust against damage much work and expendi - (IEC 60112) is 600V per - The controller responds to a nearby service station The increased use of in - tion to the sensor net - such as breaks and ture. mitting small distances to changing load require - for repairs. telligent sensors in vehi - works is ensured by the cracks. Specifically for this between the conductor ments by automatically It is AEC-Q100 grade- cle powertrain, safety and hardware module. It is In applications such as application, the PBT tracks in plug-in connec - adding or dropping one qualified for opera - comfort is supported by matched to the function - wire harnesses, robust grade has optimised prod - tors. phases to increase system tion from -40 to +125˚C letting the user analyse ality of the software and efficiency. It can also and comes in a 10 by the sensor communica - is part of the modular VT Editor and Publisher: © 2016 Vehicle Electronics manage an abrupt change 10mm, 64-lead TQFP. tions. It is possible to test environment. Steve Rogerson ISSN 2055-1177 in power conversion di - An evaluation board is view sensor signals on the Up to four PSI5 or Sent [email protected] rection. For example, if available. sensor bus as well as the channels can be config - Vehicle Electronics is available to readers world - distribution of the sensor ured via piggy circuit Advertising Manager: wide. It will be published approximately twelve Diane Trotman signal in the vehicle net - boards. times a year in a digital-only format. All rights [email protected] work. With the module, users reserved. No part of Vehicle Electronics may be Complex communica - have an analysis tool that reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any tions can be generated permits the exact setting Web Site Manager: Martin Wilson means, electronic or mechanical, including photo - and analysed quickly be - of bit rates and accurate [email protected] copying or recording on any information storage cause Canoe analysis message time stamping, system, without the written consent of the pub - concepts and an intuitive and which in the opera - Published by: Vehicle Electronics Magazine, lisher. The publisher cannot be held responsible configuration are used. tion concept as well as in 72 Westwood Road, Nottingham NG2 4FS, UK for loss or damge to unsolicited press releases or By simulating the ECU the programming inter - photographs. Views of contributors and advertis - Web site: vehicle-electronics.biz as well as the sensor, it face seamlessly integrates ers do not necessarily refelect the policy of Twitter: @velectronicsmag supports the developer in in the existing VT envi - Vehicle Electronics or those of the publisher. setting up simple to de - ronment.

Page 47 , December 2016 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics December 2016, Page 48