Diplomarbeit

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Diplomarbeit Diplomarbeit Titel der Diplomarbeit „Entstehung und Entwicklung von HipHop in Österreich“ - Etablierung der HipHop-Kultur in Österreich am Beispiel der vier wichtigsten Pioniere der dazugehörigen Musikrichtung Verfasser Frederik Dörfler angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2011 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 316 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Musikwissenschaft Betreuerin / Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Michele Calella i Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Anmerkungen ................................................................................................................................. iv 2 Einleitung ........................................................................................................................................ iv 2.1 Vorhaben und Zielsetzung ........................................................................................................ v 2.2 Forschungsfragen und Erläuterungen ...................................................................................... v 2.3 Forschungsstand, Vorkenntnisse und Motivation................................................................... vi 2.4 Methoden ............................................................................................................................... vii 1 HipHop in den USA 1.1 Der Cross-Bronx Expressway, Gangs und Arbeitslosigkeit ...................................................... 1 1.2 HipHop und seine Gründungsväter ......................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Die „Trinität des HipHop“ ................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Die Old School ......................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 MCing/Rap ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 Breakdance ...................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.3 Graffiti .............................................................................................................................. 9 1.3.4 „I said a hip hop the hippie the hippie to the hip hip hop, a you donʼt stop“............... 10 1.4 Def Jam und die New School ................................................................................................. 14 1.5 Straight Outta Compton ........................................................................................................ 16 1.6 The Golden Age of HipHop .................................................................................................... 18 2 Erste Knospen in Österreich 2.1 EAV und Falco ........................................................................................................................ 19 2.2 Moreaus ................................................................................................................................ 21 2.3 Tribe Vibes & Dope Beats ...................................................................................................... 23 2.3.1 Der Tribe Vibes & Dope Beats-Contest ......................................................................... 25 2.3.2 Austrian Flavors Vol. 1 ................................................................................................... 27 3 HipHop aus Österreich 3.1 Schönheitsfehler .................................................................................................................... 30 3.1.1 Biografie ........................................................................................................................ 30 ii 3.1.2 Musik ............................................................................................................................. 46 3.2 Texta ...................................................................................................................................... 59 3.2.1 Biografie ........................................................................................................................ 60 3.2.2 Musik ............................................................................................................................. 71 3.3 Total Chaos ............................................................................................................................ 59 3.3.1 Biografie ........................................................................................................................ 83 3.3.2 Musik ............................................................................................................................. 95 3.4 Waxolutionists ....................................................................................................................... 82 3.4.1 Exkurs: Turntablism ..................................................................................................... 104 3.4.2 Biografie ...................................................................................................................... 105 3.4.3 Musik ........................................................................................................................... 115 4 Resümee ...................................................................................................................................... 126 5 Quellen ........................................................................................................................................ 128 5.1 Literatur ............................................................................................................................... 128 5.2 Zeitschriften und Zeitungsartikel ........................................................................................ 129 5.3 Internetquellen .................................................................................................................... 130 5.4 Interviews ............................................................................................................................ 135 5.5 Filme .................................................................................................................................... 136 5.6 Tonträger ............................................................................................................................. 136 iii 1 Anmerkungen Bandnamen sowie Labels sind kursiv dargestellt, Liednamen und Albumtitel „kursiv und in Anführungszeichen gesetzt.“ Zitate sind auf gleiche Weise gekennzeichnet, wobei die Rechtschreibung der zitierten Quellen beibehalten wurde. Wenn zur besseren Verständlichkeit eines Zitates für notwendig empfunden, wurden Anmerkungen oder fehlende Wörter [nicht kursiv, in eckigen Klammern] hinzugefügt. – Kursive Einfügungen in eckigen Klammern stammen vom jeweilig zitierten Autor. Von den verschiedenen möglichen Schreibweisen von Hip-Hop, Hip Hop, Hiphop oder HipHop wurde letztere gewählt, da es meiner Meinung nach gut symbolisiert, dass es sich um zwei Wörter handelt, die zu einem Begriff zusammenschmolzen. Die in den Fußnoten angegebenen Zeitpunkte der aus den Interviews zitierten Stellen, beziehen sich auf die jeweiligen von mir aufgenommenen Interviews. Sie ergeben sich durch das verwendete Transkriptionsprogramm „f4“, welches bei Betätigung der Eingabetaste automatisch einen zeitlichen Verweis zum dazugehörigen Tondokument setzt. Daher beziehen sich die Zeitpunkte auf das Ende des Absatzes, dem das Zitat entnommen wurde. Die Zeitangaben dienen primär dazu, falls erfordert, die zitierten Stellen bzw. Aussagen wiederzufinden. Die Interviews werden nur für wissenschaftliche Zwecke und mit Rücksprache der Interviewpartner weitergegeben. 2 Einleitung HipHop entstand als Jugendsubkultur Anfang der 1970er Jahre in der Bronx in New York. Ende der 1970er Jahre wurde HipHop durch erste musikalische Veröffentlichungen rasch über die Grenzen von New York hinaus bekannt, um Anfang der 1980er Jahre seinen weltweiten Siegeszug anzutreten.1 Im Zuge dessen erreichte die HipHop-Kultur auch Österreich. Mit der 15-minütigen Sendung „Tribe Vibes & Dope Beats“ wurde HipHop in Österreich 1990 erstmals einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt. Mit dem 1991 von den Produzenten der Sendung durchgeführten ersten HipHop-Contest, der in weiterer Folge zum ersten HipHop-Sampler „Austrian Flavors“ führte, wurde der Grundstein für die österreichische HipHop-Szene gelegt.2 1 Vgl. Verlan und Loh, 2000, S. 60 ff. 2 Vgl. Blumenau, 2002, Internetquelle. iv 2.1 Vorhaben und Zielsetzung Das erste Kapitel vorliegender Arbeit gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die Entwicklungsgeschichte von HipHop in den Vereinigten Staaten. Es wird erläutert, wo und unter welchen Umständen die HipHop-Kultur entstand und aus welchen Elementen sie sich zusammensetzt. Die großen Pioniere3 der Anfangszeit und ihre Wirkung werden vorgestellt. Danach werden die wichtigsten und prägendsten Stationen der musikalischen Entwicklung von HipHop in Amerika bis ca. 1990 nachgezeichnet und deren Umstände sowie Protagonisten3 kurz betrachtet. Ausgehend davon richtet sich der Fokus im nächsten Kapitel erstmals auf Österreich, um zunächst zu untersuchen, welche Voraussetzungen für die Entstehung einer österreichischen HipHop-Szene in den späten 1980ern geschaffen wurden. Mit der Herausbildung einer HipHop-Szene in Österreich Anfang der 1990er beginnt der Hauptteil der Diplomarbeit. Dieser beschäftigt sich genauer mit der
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