The National Catholic Weekly June 21-28, 2010 $3.50 of Many Things

THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC WEEKLY JUNE 21-28, 2010 $3.50 OF MANY THINGS

PUBLISHED BY JESUITS OF THE UNITED STATES basic requirement for any they were applied singly provided justi- endeavor to be counted as a fication for combined use of torture EDITOR IN CHIEF Drew Christiansen, S.J. Aprofession is a set of ethical methods—e.g., waterboarding a suspect standards. They guarantee the integrity in a protracted kneeling position. EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT of practice, bind the members of the The C.I.A. has denied that the MANAGING EDITOR profession to one another and build health personnel in its employ were Robert C. Collins, S.J. trust on the part of the public in the engaged in unlawful “human experi- EDITORIAL DIRECTOR services rendered by the profession. mentation” and asserts their activities Karen Sue Smith Medicine is one of the oldest profes- were under government supervision, ONLINE EDITOR sions in the West; its ethical standards including that of the Justice Maurice Timothy Reidy reach back to the Greek physician Department. The problem is, however, CULTURE EDITOR Hippocrates (fifth century B.C.). that this is the same Justice James Martin, S.J. Medical students who still swear the Department that under George W. LITERARY EDITOR Hippocratic Oath pledge that “in every Bush rewrote the rules on torture. Patricia A. Kossmann house where I come I will enter only for Unfortunately, the Obama administra- POETRY EDITOR the good of my patients, keeping myself tion has backed off from prosecuting James S. Torrens, S.J. from all intentional ill-doing.” Medical Bush-era employees and is ambiguous ASSOCIATE EDITORS professionalism rises and falls on that about its own detainee policies. George M. Anderson, S.J. double commitment: the good of the While the P.H.R. report is not con- Peter Schineller, S.J. patient and the avoidance of harm. clusive, it has assembled enough infor- Kevin Clarke For that reason, a new report from mation to merit further investigation. ART DIRECTOR Physicians for Human Rights, which Though the administration may not Stephanie Ratcliffe provides evidence of the participation pursue this question, Congress and ASSISTANT EDITORS of medical professionals (physicians, associations of health professionals Francis W. Turnbull, S.J. psychiatrists and others) in the torture should do so. Congress possesses the Kerry Weber of “high-value” detainees held by the subpoena power to bring to light the ASSISTANT LITERARY EDITOR Central Intelligence Agency after data still held from public view, and Regina Nigro September 2001, is distressing. There is professional associations have the no smoking gun in the report, only responsibility to investigate violations BUSINESS DEPARTMENT careful re-examination of the declassi- of professional integrity. PUBLISHER fied public record. There is sufficient In recent decades, professional Jan Attridge data, however, to suggest high-level associations have too often deteriorat- CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER inquiries are in order, as the physicians’ ed into little more than trade groups Lisa Pope group and the National Religious and have been reluctant to police their ADVERTISING Campaign Against Torture have urged. members. I hope Physicians for Julia Sosa Among the practices in which doc- Human Rights will succeed in per- tors and others are said to have engaged suading the American Medical 106 West 56th Street New York, NY 10019-3803 are these: determining how far harsh Association and other organizations interrogation could go before suspects of health professionals to investigate Ph: 212-581-4640; Fax: 212-399-3596 would suffer irreparable harm, provid- the suspicions of participation by E-mail: [email protected]; ing a defense against potential prosecu- some of their colleagues in torture. [email protected] Web site: www.americamagazine.org. tion and designing procedures for The trust of the public that physicians Customer Service: 1-800-627-9533 future interrogations. and other health care providers will © 2010 America Press, Inc. According to the report, one techni- work only in their patients’ interest cal adjustment introduced by medical and never intentionally consent to personnel was the use of saline solution harm them is essential to their social instead of plain water during water- contract as well as to their profession- boarding to prevent pneumonia and a al integrity. It is also necessary to drop in blood pressure. A finding that resist the erosion of ethical standards multiple techniques used in combina- by the national security state. Cover: Composite images. tion produced no more pain than when DREW CHRISTIANSEN, S.J. Shutterstock/America. CONTENTS www.americamagazine.org VOL. 202 NO. 20, WHOLE NO. 4898 JUNE 21–28, 2010

ARTICLES 11 THE GREENING OF DETROIT Urban farmers reimagine a city’s landscape. David Alire Garcia

COLUMNS & DEPARTMENTS 4 Current Comment

5 Editorial Adrift in the Gulf

11 6 Signs of the Times 9 Column Uninformed Conscience John F. Kavanaugh

16 Faith in Focus My Father’s Dreams Douglas W. Kmiec

28 Letters

30 The Word The Path to Life; Laborers for the Harvest Barbara E. Reid

16 BOOKS & CULTURE 21 THEATER August Wilson’s “Fences” and race on Broadway BOOKS Bonhoeffer; The Dead Republic

ON THE WEB ON THE WEB A video report from the Gulf Coast oil cleanup, and an interview with Douglas W. Kmiec, ambassador to Malta. Plus, Jim McDermott, S.J., asks why film sequels so often disappoint. All at americamagazine.org. 2135 CURRENT COMMENT

course of forming a new nation. Two decades later Defining Aggression President John Adams set May 9 as a day not only of Following the 1994 genocide in Rwanda and the numerous prayer but also of fasting at a time when the United States wars among the onetime member states of the former was at odds with France. In his proclamation in 1863, Yugoslavia, the 1999 Treaty of Rome established the Abraham Lincoln also called for a national day of prayer International Criminal Court to end impunity for crimes and fasting as the Civil War ground on, in the hope that of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. “genuine repentance will lead to mercy and pardon” for While the court’s mandate also included the crime of “our presumptuous sins.” aggression, a review meeting the last two weeks in Congress finally established a national day of prayer in Kampala, Uganda, wrestled with defining that crime and 1952, and in 1988 it set the first Thursday in May as the establishing related rules for the court’s jurisdiction. A day for presidents to issue a proclamation asking major issue is whether the court should leave the identifi- Americans to pray. With wars raging in the Middle East cation of the crime of aggression to the United Nations and Central Asia—whatever the outcome of Judge Crabb’s Security Council on the grounds that naming aggression ruling—the proclamation may seem to many not unrea- involves political judgment. Smaller nations, not wanting sonable, especially when we too might accuse ourselves, in to leave the decision to the Big Five on the Security Lincoln’s words, of “presumptuous sins.” Council (Russia, China, the United Kingdom, France and the United States) propose instead moving it to the A Win-Win Situation General Assembly—whose actions are even more political. On a playing field in Indianapolis a few weeks ago, Vince In its short history, the court has made serious advances Lombardi’s slogan, “Winning isn’t everything, it’s the only in extending the rule of law to states, establishing warrants thing,” would have been clearly out of place. The junior for Sudan’s President Omar al-Bashir for genocide in varsity girls softball team from Roncalli Catholic High was Darfur and Joseph Kony, the notorious leader of the Lord’s set to play Marshall Community, an inner-city middle Resistance Army in Uganda, for crimes against humanity. school playing its first softball game ever. While some African leaders are among the court’s fore- After nine Roncalli girls were walked by the Marshall most critics, others argue that it has already made a sub- pitcher, the girls realized there is more to sports than stantial contribution to establishing the rule of law across crushing the opponent. They probably could have won 100 that continent. Its record suggests that in the future it may to 0. Roncalli had not lost a game in over two years but even be able to address the question of aggression where decided to offer to forfeit the game rather than humiliate major powers are involved. It is unreasonable to think that the Marshall girls. international law should be applied only to lesser powers What happened next? The Roncalli team spent the next and emerging states and not to major powers. A possible two hours teaching the Marshall girls how to get better compromise lies in allowing the Security Council to retain instead of beaten. Together they practiced batting and jurisdiction for a stated period of time, with jurisdiction fielding, running bases and how to use the equipment the reverting to the court once that time has elapsed. Roncalli girls shared with them. Marshall had come with only two bats, no helmets, no cleats and five balls. National Day of Prayer Even after the game, this spirit continued. Roncalli’s J.V. Is a national day of prayer unconstitutional? Yes, ruled a coach, Jeff Taylor, appealed to the parents of his girls for federal judge in Wisconsin, Barbara Crabb, in mid-April, equipment for Marshall—used bats, gloves, helmets and because such a statute points to “an inherently religious team shirts. Reebok and the Cincinnati Reds also con- exercise that serves no secular function.” Her ruling tributed to assist the Marshall girls. Instead of an embar- stemmed from a lawsuit brought by the Madison-based rassing blowout victory for Roncalli, the loss became a win Freedom From Religion Foundation, which claimed that a for everyone. national day of prayer violated the separation of church Blessed Pope John XXIII, after whom Roncalli and state. Last year, the Obama administration asked Catholic is named, once remarked that he especially Judge Crabb to dismiss the organization’s case, and she has enjoyed being with children because they did not take him stayed her ruling pending the completion of appeals. to be a pope with fancy robes, but simply an old man. We The issue of a national day of prayer arose as far back as are sure he looked down with smiles upon the childlike 1775, when the Continental Congress called for one in the spirit and friendliness of the two softball teams that day.

4 America June 21–28, 2010 EDITORIAL Adrift in the Gulf

an Guidry stopped shoveling the brown ooze off the on BP for expertise, which the compa- beach at Grande Terre island on the Louisiana coast ny lacked, and rapid response, which it I long enough to survey the dark line of oil marking high failed to achieve, indicates that the tide. He was happy to have this job, since the blowout of the United States, in its eagerness to pro- Deepwater Horizon oil drilling rig had shut down the local mote a dependable energy supply, has economy; but he was eager to do this work for more than for decades ceded too much authority just the money. “I want my children to be able to experience to powerful multinational corpora- what I experienced,” he told America. He grew up near tions. The scale of this disaster might have been hard to pre- Grand Isle, a popular summer surf and sport-fishing resort. dict, but the possibility of it certainly was not. Where were No sooner had Mr. Guidry shoveled some oil off the beach the back-ups to the back-up plan? Why, after years of deep- than the surf rolled in with more. Does he think this appar- water oil exploration, should this one event prove so con- ently futile effort will achieve his goal? Mr. Guidry turned founding? More to the point, if the scale of the Deepwater away a second to regard the beach. “I don’t think it will ever Horizon disaster truly exceeds the capacity of all industry be the same again,” he said. and federal agencies to respond, then why is this method of Dead pelicans and porpoises have already washed resource extraction allowed in the first place? ashore not far from the site of Mr. Guidry’s labors; oil-covered The American public also bears responsibility as a survivors were being rushed to treatment. The oil’s rainbow consumer society living beyond its means. We have been in sheen covers the Gulf waters, and for those who watch the denial about our appetites, unwilling to make the sacrifices brown blotches of oil rolling and turning in the current like required by a real world of diminishing fossil fuel reserves drifting autumn leaves, it is hard not to pause a moment to and content to divert risk elsewhere. Americans say they grieve for the crime being commited against God’s creation. want small government and limited regulatory intervention; “What have we done,” a reporter at the site wondered aloud in then they express surprise when government cannot a half-joking, half broken-hearted apology to circling pelicans. respond to big crises or has not done a better job preventing British Petroleum will bear the heaviest responsibility them. We disparage civil service employees and skimp on for the unnatural disaster unfolding in the Gulf of Mexico. their salaries, then complain about Washington’s “revolving During the last three years, BP has committed 829 of the 851 door” when regulators retire to become lobbyists or indus- willful health and safety violations among all the refiners cited try experts. And while many Americans support alternative by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. energy, most resist an extra tax at the pump that could pro- After a series of deadly incidents and smaller ecological acci- pel its development. We cannot have it both ways. dents, BP’s record of irresponsibility makes the case that We could start to change our ways by redoubling con- Deepwater Horizon was simply an accident waiting to hap- servation efforts. We could turn our backs on “cap and pen. The company placed profit over safety and in its arro- trade” for the boondoggle it is and embrace the more effec- gance chased oil into the depths without a clear, practiced and tive carbon tax instead. It would not require much to put off reliable recovery plan in the event of disaster. We are all living dangerous proposals for Arctic exploration indefinitely. The with the predictable outcome of its monumental carelessness. deep ocean is not merely a difficult site from which to It would be a disservice, however, to the survivors of the 11 extract resources; it is part of a beautiful, breathtaking gift men who lost their lives on April 20 and to the suffering of for all generations to share, preserve and pass on. We have the people, wildlife and ecology of the Gulf states if the shame failed in our responsibility as its stewards. An accounting and the culpability ended with BP. wizard may someday tally up the cost of this oil spill and the Our government performed badly long before the cleanup to taxpayers, the fishing and tourist industries and blowout and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon when it the unfortunate residents of the Gulf states and deliver a abdicated its appropriate oversight role. Staff members of comprehensive bill to BP executives. But no human can cal- the Minerals Management Service were caught accepting culate the cost of the disaster to the marshes and the ocean gifts from oil industry executives, snorting cocaine and bed- and the wildlife, to God’s good creation. God may forgive hopping with industry employees. And government reliance us; our grandchildren may not be so merciful.

June 21–28, 2010 America 5 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

THE MIDDLE EAST Christian leaders pray in front of the Israeli separation wall near Rachel’s Christians Have Special Role Tomb in Bethlehem, the West Bank, on May 29, the beginning of the World As Regional Peacemakers Week for Peace in Palestine and Israel.

resenting the working document for the Special Synod of Bishops on the Middle East, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for “just and lasting solutions” to P the region’s conflicts, which cause so much hardship. “I reiterate my personal appeal for an urgent and concerted international effort to resolve the ongoing tensions in the Middle East, especially in the Holy Land, before such conflicts lead to greater bloodshed,” the pope said June 6 at the end of a Mass in a sports arena in Nicosia, Cyprus. The pope gave the document to representatives from the Latin-rite, Maronite, Melkite, Armenian, Coptic, Chaldean and Assyrian Catholic churches living in countries from Egypt to Iran. The synod will be held at the Vatican from Oct. 10 to Oct. 24 and will focus on “communion and witness” in the region where Christianity was born but where Christians are now a minority. Pope Benedict said that the synod would be an occasion “to highlight the important value of the Christian presence and witness in the biblical lands.” Recognized for their work in education, health care and other charitable activities, Catholics still face discrimination and limits on their rights, particularly their right to religious freedom, he said. The synod’s working document was prepared by a committee of patriarchs and bishops from the Middle East and representatives of Vatican offices. instability throughout the region,” said to be political in character due to the Surrounded by war and sometimes the document, which was prepared on situation of conflict and the resulting treated like outsiders, Christians in the basis of responses to a question- political hostility.” the Middle East need faith and out- naire sent to church leaders in the Relations between Christians and side support so that they can stay in region. “The menacing social situation Muslims are difficult in the region, the region and contribute to peace- in Iraq and the political instability of since Muslim states often relegate making, the document said. “History Lebanon further intensify the phe- Christians to “the precarious position has made us a little flock. However, nomenon,” it said. of being considered non-citizens,” the through what we do, we can still “The Israeli occupation of document said. “The key to harmo- become a presence which has great Palestinian Territories is creating diffi- nious living between Christians and value.” According to the document, the culties in everyday life, inhibiting free- Muslims is to recognize religious free- region’s Christians are in a unique dom of movement, the economy and dom and human rights,” it said. position to serve as peacemakers. religious life—access to the holy places “Although efforts on behalf of peace is dependent on military permission, IMMIGRATION can be rebuffed, they also have the which is granted to some and denied possibility of being accepted, consider- to others on security grounds,” the Borderline ing that the path to violence, taken by document reported. both the strong and the weak, has led Despite the tensions emerging in Thinking in the Middle East to nothing but fail- the region because of the continuing s reports of increasing vio- ure and a general stalemate.” conflict between Israelis and lence at the U.S.-Mexico bor- Life often can be difficult for Palestinians, the document said its Ader fill newspaper headlines, Christians in the Middle East, espe- survey respondents clearly rejected bishops of the United States, Canada, cially because of “the Israeli- anti-Semitism, while “the actual ani- Central America and the Caribbean Palestinian conflict and the resulting mosity between Arabs and Jews seems have called on their governments to

6 America June 21–28, 2010 nations of the hemisphere also must incredible contradiction. We want to “redouble their efforts against the live in a global economy, but every day scourge of human trafficking,” he said. we make it more difficult to go across He noted that in a globalized the border.” In Europe people cross world, where capital, communica- borders more easily all the time, he tions and goods are readily said, but passports are now required exchanged, the movement of labor for Canadians and U.S. citizens to visit has not been regularized, and the each other’s countries. Mexicans now impact of globalization on human need visas to visit Canada. Meanwhile, beings has not been acknowledged or the church continues to address migra- addressed. “As the most powerful tion-related issues from a Gospel per- country in our hemisphere and a des- spective, Bishop Lapierre said, tination for migrants, the United “because somebody years ago said, ‘I States should lead the way in this was a stranger and you welcomed me.’” effort by reforming immigration laws Bishop Rafael Romo Múñoz of as soon as possible,” said Bishop Tijuana, Mexico, chairman of the Wester. Mexican bishops’ migration commis- Bishop Álvaro Ramazzini Imeri of sion, said his country is becoming a Guatemala said that the poor of his collection of semi-abandoned small country have not benefited from the towns as working-age teens and men Central American Free Trade go to the United States to provide for Agreement, known as Cafta, which women, children and elderly people Guatemala ratified three years ago. left behind. During the meeting, par- “The level of poverty in Guatemala is ticipants heard from directors of pro- address the economic root causes of increasing,” he said. Bishop Ramazzini grams for Hispanic ministry, church hemispheric migration and urged poli- said his country is reeling from the public policy and social services to cies that would create jobs for people twin effects of a volcanic eruption near migrants. A panel of U.S. federal offi- in their homelands. During a regional the capital, Guatemala City, and the cials, including representatives of the consultation on migration held at the inundation of much of the country White House and the Border Patrol, U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops’ with up to three feet of rain by the also met with the group. headquarters in Washington, D.C., on tropical storm June 2-4, Bishop John C. Wester of Agatha. The two Salt Lake City and bishops from disasters have Canada, Haiti and Latin America destroyed many spoke about some of the primary farmers’ entire pro- issues related to immigration. duction for the sea- Addressing economic root causes of son, he said. That migration “in our mind, is the lasting jeopardizes their and humane solution to the challenge income as well as of illegal immigration,” said Bishop the source of Wester, chairman of the U.S.C.C.B. affordable food for Committee on Migration, in a state- Guatemalans, he ment he read at a news conference on said. June 3. “Second, we believe that all gov- Bishop Francois ernments, not only the United States, Lapierre of Saint- should look at their immigration laws Hyacinthe in Que- and reform them in a manner which bec, Canada, said, A husband and wife embrace through the border fence respects basic human rights.” The “We are living an near Tijuana, Mexico.

June 21–28, 2010 America 7 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

‘Jewish Boat’ Preps Gaza Blockade Run NEWS BRIEFS In May, several ships intent on break- ing the Israeli blockade of Gaza JustFaith Ministries has entered into part- departed from Cyprus and Turkey; the nerships with Pax Christi USA and Bread Rachel Corrie, named for an American for the World, focusing on “promoting and killed by an Israeli bulldozer in 2003, practicing the social mission of the church departed from Ireland. Now another among Catholics throughout the United States.” • An official at the Filipino Catholic vessel, carrying Jewish human rights Father Brian activists, will keep the pressure on Bishops’ Conference has advised Filipino Kolodiejchuk Israeli authorities to end or further homosexuals to avoid work in Saudi Arabia mitigate restrictions on the movement in light of new restrictions on homosexuals there. • The Rev. Brian of food, medical supplies and building Kolodiejchuk, postulator for the sainthood of Blessed Teresa of materials into Gaza. It will set sail Calcutta, told a gathering at the Knights of Columbus Museum in sometime in July from an undisclosed New Haven June 1 that her cause is “still waiting for one more mir- Mediterranean harbor. “Our purpose acle.” • A German prosecutor is investigating the head of the German is to call an end to the siege of Gaza, to bishops’ conference, Archbishop Robert Zöllitsch of Freiburg, after this illegal collective punishment of the a man charged that he was an accessory to the sexual abuse of chil- whole civilian population,” said the dren. • In a letter to Congress, U.S. bishops detailed their opposition expedition’s organizer, Kate Leiterer. to the Employment Non-Discrimination Act because of its poten- “Our boat is small,” she said, “so our tial to “jeopardize our religious freedom.” • In a statement on June 1 donations can only be symbolic”: Archbishop Timothy P. Broglio of the U.S. Archdiocese for the schoolbags, musical instruments, art Military Services urged Congress not to repeal the “don’t ask, don’t materials and medical supplies. tell” policy on gays in the military.

C.H.A. Committee Meets With Vatican abortions. The U.S. Conference of rights worldwide lists 61 countries for The executive committee of the Catholic Bishops opposed the mea- torture and 48 for imprisoning people Catholic Health Association met with sure, saying its provisions on funding for political or religious beliefs, but in officials of several top Vatican agencies for abortions and conscience protec- Ireland’s case the organization for talks that focused in part on the tions were morally unacceptable. focused chiefly on breaches of the association’s support for health reform Vatican officials were known to have rights of children. The Irish practice legislation that the U.S. bishops been perplexed at the C.H.A.’s unwill- of placing mentally disturbed children opposed. Carol Keehan, a member of ingness to follow the bishops’ position in adult institutions is “inexcusable,” the Daughters of Charity who is pres- on the issue. said Amnesty, which also noted that ident and chief executive of the between late 2002 and June 2009, more than 400 children have disap- C.H.A., said that the meetings at the Treatment of Irish Vatican were “useful and positive,” but peared while in the care of the Irish she would not comment on particular Children Challenged Health Service Executive. The chil- issues raised in the talks. “We were A year after the publication of the Irish dren were illegal aliens who were very cordially received and had a won- government’s Ryan Report, which unaccompanied by an adult when derful exchange of ideas,” she said. exposed decades of child abuse and detained by immigration services. It is This spring, Sister Carol and the neglect in church-run residential insti- feared that some have been taken by C.H.A. expressed public support for tutions, Amnesty International has human traffickers and forced into the the final version of U.S. health care strongly criticized the government for sex industry. reform legislation passed by Congress failing to protect children. Amnesty’s in March, convinced it would not fund annual report on the state of human From CNS and other sources.

8 America June 21–28, 2010 JOHN F. KAVANAUGH

Uninformed Conscience hirteen years ago, when I It is this second point that seems offered by the opposition. started writing this column most neglected in ethical discourse Undocumented immigration, tax T for America, two of my early today. There is little doubt that various reform, the Free Gaza movement, the offerings dealt with the strategic func- religions, nation states and philoso- Gulf Coast oil disaster, the financial tion of conscience in our ethical lives. phies hold different ethical principles. crisis, all generate fierce opinion. But it As the years have gone by, and espe- But whether one’s principles are based is almost impossible to find any polar- cially during the past year with its on duty, the will of God, submission to ized antagonist willing to examine increased polarization of moral posi- Allah, happiness, liberty or the com- carefully data or arguments that chal- tions in church and society, I am more mon good, such principles are empty if lenge ideology. convinced than ever that we need a they are not applied to the specifics of In the church, things are just as seg- clear understanding of just what con- evidence, information and data. mented. I regularly receive messages by science is and how it functions. Unfortunately, it is the e-mail from the right Although there is a range of opin- resistance to evidence and A conscience and left. Both sides ions concerning what conscience is— information that marks so seem totally certain, but from an inner voice, a feeling or a sense much of our present moral may be they are also totally of shame to the internalized values of discourse. That is why the ignorant of the argu- parents or culture—I propose that the “marketplace” of ideas, or the certain, ments and evidence on most effective account is the one “public square” has become but that the other side. As offered by St. Thomas Aquinas: so segmented and rigid. Aquinas would say, a Conscience is a particular kind of In the world of politics does not conscience may be cer- judgment, a moral judgment, by which and media, we find an mean it is tain; but that does not we apply our knowledge of good and increasing segmentation mean it is correct. So evil to practical action. not only of markets but of correct. think of the issues: As a practical moral judgment, con- convictions as well. abortion, global warm- science takes the form: “I ought to do Information is edited and selected to ing, President Obama, the health care X.” Aquinas points out that when I conform to the conviction of the view- bill, immigration reform, the wars in make such a judgment, I should follow er or the voter. Thus, information no the Persian Gulf. Do you find any true it. But acting on my conscience is not longer informs or challenges one’s engagement of the issues? Or do you enough. Like any other kind of judg- moral judgement; it only confirms find only assertions? ment—business, artistic, scientific or opinion, whether that opinion is war- As for those who aspire to form the athletic—we base our moral judg- ranted or not. Spend one evening com- consciences of Catholic believers, they ments not only on principles but on paring the programs offered by too must do more than make pro- evidence, data and information. A MSNBC and Fox News. Compare nouncements. They must engage the judgment made without data, evidence Chris Matthews and Ed Schultz with evidence and data offered by those or information is a foolish one indeed. Glenn Beck and Sean Hannity. who dissent from their opinion. Thus, Aquinas thought it is as impor- Whom do they ridicule? What is their To refuse to inspect hostile data or tant to inform one’s conscience proper- presumed moral universe? What listen to challenging information is to ly as it is to follow it. If I refuse to look information do they never consider? If reveal a conscience that has capitulated at evidence or information in forming we listen to only one side of these to ideology. my moral judgment, I am actually polarities, we are not forming our If a nation or church forms its peo- refusing to act morally. judgment, we are propagandizing it. ple to accept assertions blindly, with- No matter what the issue, compet- out supporting evidence, it will form a ing ideologies offer plenty of moral community not of moral agents but of JOHN F. KAVANAUGH, S.J., is a professor of philosophy at St. Louis University in St. judgments; but there is little willing- menaces. They may be sincere, but Louis, Mo. ness to address data or information they will be sincerely dangerous.

June 21–28, 2010 America 9 PHOTOS BY DAVID ALIRE GARCIA

10 America June 21–28, 2010 URBAN FARMERS REIMAGINE ACITY’S LANDSCAPE. The Greening of Detroit BY DAVID ALIRE GARCIA

eople in Detroit, America’s idled Motor City, stumble upon the Earthworks Urban Farm from a variety of places. “I came in through the soup kitchen line,” recalled Willie Spivey on a weekday morning Pworking in the Earthworks greenhouse, nodding toward the Capuchin soup kitchen just across the parking lot. He was carefully tapping out speckled Amish lettuce seeds into a planter box. “I was reaping the benefits of their labor,” he added with a chuckle, pointing to the smiling volunteers beside him. Mr. Spivey, who grew up nearby on the city’s east side, is now a regular volunteer at Earthworks’s sprawling farming operation located within an all-too-familiar Detroit landscape: perfectly lovely two-story brick homes bustling with life next to vacant houses with busted-out windows. “I used to like to drink and smoke cigarettes and do anything else I wanted to do,” Spivey continued, “but now I’m seeking a healthier fix.” Besides that, he explained, taking part in this city’s trailblazing urban agriculture movement offers more rewards. “You watch the local news every day, you watch what’s going on in the world, and there’s ruin and despair. But you come here and it’s all about success and peace and God’s gifts.” While it may be too early to pronounce Detroit’s urban farming movement a success, positive signs are easy to spot. Both small and large for-profit and not-for- profit enterprises are emerging, among them a business founded by a civic-minded local entrepreneur who touts plans for “the world’s largest urban farm.” Hundreds of smaller gardens already dot Detroit, a city founded by French farmers three centuries ago, and city leaders are in the early stages of rewriting local ordinances to facilitate a more modern strain of urban agriculture. It’s a green movement march- ing forward during an otherwise dim period in the city’s storied history.

The Long Decline Once the country’s fourth largest city with nearly two million inhabitants, Detroit counts about 900,000 residents today. But even that figure is sliding, driven down in large part by a historic hit to the region’s manufacturing sector, especially the near collapse of the city’s namesake auto industry. This story began

DAVID ALIRE GARCIA is a Detroit-based freelance writer.

June 21–28, 2010 America 11 a century ago when Henry Ford inaugurated a new indus- repeople the cities, and the ruins shall be rebuilt; the desolate trial age with the assembly line and the Model T—produc- land shall be tilled.” Wearing his brown Franciscan habit, chin ing something novel called a middle class—and Detroit resting comfortably in his hand, Brother Smith added, “And prospered. In the 1940s, the city became the “arsenal of this is really like a ruined city in many ways. But there’s fire in democracy” as auto plants, drafted into war service, churned the ashes.” out a wide range of military vehicles and weapons. The nation’s heavy investment in interstate highways in Comparative Advantages the 1950s provided another big boost. But in the decades Many city leaders echo Brother Smith’s small-scale opti- that followed, Detroit’s long-simmering racial divisions and mism. “The reality is [that] Detroit is not like Boston or inequalities erupted in riots, and a massive white flight to San Francisco or New York, where land is at a premium,” the suburbs followed. Meanwhile, Detroit politicians and City Councilor Kenneth Cockrel Jr. said. “Land is in abun- union leaders had nurtured an over-reliance on the one dance in this city.” That’s the city’s comparative advantage, he industry they all figured would never run out of gas. But it argues. “To me, the right urban agriculture plan can actual- did. Last year’s bankruptcy of General Motors and Chrysler ly complement a plan for creative downsizing of the city was only the most spectacular marker along Detroit’s long, because it gives you something to do with a lot of these painful road of industrial decline. parcels of vacant land,” Cockrel said. At 139 square miles, Detroit today “The other thing is, then the land is remains one of the largest cities in back into productive use. It’s gener- the country, yet a combined 40 ating property tax revenue, which square miles of it sit vacant—liter- helps the city’s budget.” ally fallow. The official unemploy- “I think [urban farming] has ment rate within the city limits hov- great potential,” said Malik Yakini, ers around 30 percent, the highest chairman of the Detroit Black of any big U.S. city. Unofficial esti- Community Food Security mates put the joblessness figure Network. He points to the clear closer to half the working-age pop- Earthworks volunteers (from right): Willie public-health fallout that follows a ulation. Spivey, Audrey Chase and Gene Yuells. lack of fresh local produce in this But those steep challenges have mostly African-American city. far from extinguished optimism for a better, greener city. On Remarkably, Detroit does not have a single national grocery April 4, The Detroit Free Press ran a rare front-page edito- chain operating within the city limits. That lack of food rial looking at the city a decade from now. It eloquently access has serious health implications. “There are all kinds of summarized current revitalization proposals, picturing a health conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, dramatically altered future urban landscape: “You see thou- both childhood and adult obesity, that are controllable by sands of kids attending schools that work for them. You see diet,” Yakini said. people using light rail and boarding buses in a transit system In March city planners forwarded a draft report to the that serves them…and people tending little farms that city council proposing a new legal framework for the future nourish their neighborhoods in more ways than one.” of farming in Detroit. Among its provisions is the establish- It is the promise of a reimagined Detroit, where newly ment of soil-testing standards as well as easier access to idle employed workers tend rows of wholesome produce on for- city land at reduced rates for small operators. Under the merly trash-strewn lots, that helps inspire the people at draft, the keeping of bees, rabbits, chickens and other farm Earthworks, a ministry of the Capuchin Soup Kitchen. The animals would be legally permitted for the first time. Larger soup kitchen—two of them actually—form the faith-in- farming operations would also be permitted to purchase action arm of the Capuchin Franciscan Province of St. tax-reverted land at a reduced rate and qualify for a lower Joseph in Detroit. Asked if more urban farms like property tax rate provided they “commit to tangible and Earthworks offer a solution to Detroit’s massive problems, measurable benefits to the community.” Yakini would like to Brother Jerry Smith, O.F.M.Cap., the nonprofit’s executive see other initiatives from the city, including more city-led director, demurs. “I think it can be a tiny solution,” he said. purchasing from local growers and the wider availability of “I think the problems of this city are so overwhelming that city-owned equipment, like tractors for city farmers. we have to start with little chunks, and if this model can bite Mike Score, the president of three-year-old Hantz off a little chunk of it, it’s better than where we were before.” Farms, is also paying close attention to city planners’ nascent Brother Smith cited a passage from Ezekiel (36:33-34) that proposals. Hantz Farms is the brainchild of the financial underscores a piece of his own biblical motivation: “I will services executive John Hantz, a former stockbroker for

12 America June 21–28, 2010 American Express who has since pledged $30 million of his own money over 10 years for his ambitious for-profit enterprise. “We have a dream of becoming a global center for urban agriculture, where people fly in from around the world to see what’s possible,” Score explained. “Like at the Detroit auto show, people come to see the concept cars. We want to be that for urban agriculture.” He hopes to see vegetables growing in abandoned facto- ries and offers this twist on the traditional fruit orchard: “Imagine an orchard where a parking lot used to be and instead of ripping out all the pavement, we rip out five-foot- wide channels…where we plant the trees and we leave the America is the perfect gift space between the rows paved so that urban consumers can for birthdays, graduations, come to a you-pick operation and not get their feet dirty.” weddings and other special For Profit, for Detroit occasions. The Hantz model further envisions “pods” of varying amounts of land scattered across the city, from the tiniest parcel to tracks of more than 1,000 acres, featuring the lat- Celebrate joyous events by est in vertical growing systems and solar and wind energy. sharing the gift of thought, The operation would include both organic and convention- al nonorganic methods. It also seeks to create incentives for inspiration and hope. spinoff economic development on the edges of the pods. According to Score, Hantz Farms will pay full-time employees a “prevailing wage” with benefits. He says he expects the business to begin with at least 40 acres, generating some produce later this year. To give a gift subscription, Hantz Farms has already generated mixed reviews even before the first seeds have sprouted. In a city starkly segregat- or to subscribe yourself, just ed by race, Yakini faults the business’s lack of racial diversity. call 1-800-627-9533. “From what I have seen thus far, the key players in the Hantz project seem to be all white men. I have a concern about that,” he said. For his part, Score says he is committed to “a diverse Or write to us at: workforce” but that the for-profit operation will not “come up with some type of formula that is politically satisfying.” Yakini adds another major criticism: “Detroit’s grass roots America urban agriculture movement over the years has had as one of Subscription Department its objectives the empowerment of people within the commu- PO Box 293159 nity, and I have not seen any provisions for really empowering people from Hantz other than offering people jobs,” he said. Kettering, OH 45429-9159 “I’ve heard that criticism from Malik. But we can’t adopt an approach that says, ‘Here come the suits, here come the bad guys,’” Cockrel countered. “We’ve got to recognize that the revitalization of this city is going take players at a variety of levels. At the end of the day, if Hantz generates revenue for the city of Detroit and if it creates jobs, we ought to be embracing that.” And if Hantz Farms turns a profit? “There ain’t nothing wrong with that!” Cockrel said emphatically. “That’s frankly what America is all about.”

Totally Organic As the debate over a new legal framework for urban farm-

June 21–28, 2010 America 13 ing—and over some of the players themselves—continues, as a traditional ministry. In fact, he says he is not Christian. Earthworks is reveling in its organic certification, a green “But the Capuchin values that are at the root of the work we badge of honor achieved last year. “We’re the first certified do, I hold those values extremely deeply. They’re universal organic farm in the city of Detroit,” Gwen Meyer, a full-time values.” While he thinks “there’s more justice involved” in Cap Corps volunteer, crowed while prepping soil boxes in smaller-scale operations, he does not have a problem with the greenhouse. “We want to be a resource for the commu- Hantz Farms’ for-profit aspirations. “I’m not against folks nity, so if other members of the community want to do it making money. It’s a tool we’ve all agreed upon. I mean, it’s and don’t know how to, we’ve done it; we’ve jumped through easier than transporting cows,” he deadpanned to the laugh- the hoops. We can now share the ter of volunteers nearby. knowledge.” ON THE WEB One of them, Rosemary Spatafore, later Patrick Crouch is Earthworks’s pro- A slideshow of offered up the source of her own duel moti- Detroit’s urban farms. gram director. A fan of French intensive americamagazine.org/slideshow vation to participate: “I started coming farms in the late 19th century, Crouch down just because I love to garden,” she said, was quick to detail their relevant bene- “but I also like the social justice part of it, fits in an impromptu interview conducted while he helped bringing fresh vegetables to people who otherwise wouldn’t clear asparagus beds adjacent to the greenhouse. “Their have the opportunity to have them.” transportation system created a renewable resource called Yakini points to a transformational power buried in the gar- manure. Unlike our cars, you can’t really grow plants off of dening that is going on here and across Detroit that residents the smog,” he said, rake in hand. Like others, Crouch are right to tap. “Gardening has this side effect of helping shape believes urban farming in Detroit can help redefine the our own reality, that if we work together we can begin to meet modern urban landscape. “When we think about cities, our own needs,” he said. “I think that is probably the most there’s this assumption that there’s no place for nature in the important part of this urban agriculture movement, because city. I don’t know why that is.” Transplanting nature to the one of the side effects of oppression is that people develop a city, he said, is not very profitable, “but it’s deeply spiritual.” sense of despair and powerlessness. The urban agriculture But that doesn’t mean that Crouch embraces Earthworks movement allows people to take back the power.” A

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y father dreamed—even the president “straighten out his act”? menting in a personal essay about con- when he was not asleep. Maybe to some, but Dad’s advice was tinuing military commitments, I will MScarcely a world problem seldom just a repetition of the prevail- let you draw your own inferences went unresolved in my father’s dreams, ing headline. From the beginning, Dad about what Dad had to say. These and there was scarcely a powerful political figure or captain of industry whom my father did not readily let in on his dreams through ample, hand- written messages. These dreams, as my father dreamed them, created jobs, reduced global warming, delivered health care to the poor and the elderly and made substantial headway on a cure for cancer—all before lunch. Sadly, it turns out the cancer cure still needs work. But until that illness ravaged his phys- ical strength, my father communicated his dreams freely, expecting neither credit nor recognition. In fact, few of his dreams were even acknowledged. Neither Bill Clinton nor the Bushes nor George Steinbrenner ever referred to my father’s counsel. My father greatly admired the philanthropic and disaster relief work of Bill Clinton as an ex-president. But married to Mom for 60 years, he was troubled and sad- dened by President Clinton’s “fooling around,” as Dad put it. Nevertheless, thought the president deserved a pri- were one-way conversations. as far as the world knew, President vate conversation with his pastor, not Putting to one side whether Dad Clinton decided to give greater honor public impeachment. should get footnote to his marital vows all on his own, even Dad reached this ON THE WEB credit for much of without Dad’s note to him urging conclusion long Douglas W. Kmiec on recent world histo- fidelity and circumspection. Was it before much of the the pope’s trip to Malta. ry, I found his life to americamagazine.org/podcast Walter Mitty braggadocio for Dad to nation—and later be an invaluable les- take personal satisfaction in watching the special prosecu- son in political par- tor himself—had second thoughts ticipation. Especially salutary was his about what many now see as a mistak- firm belief that in our democracy it is DOUGLAS W. KMIEC is the U.S. ambassador en use of prosecutorial authority. up to the regular guy—not just David to the Republic of Malta. The views expressed here are personal and not necessarily those of Dad wrote the Bushes a lot. Brooks or Mark Shields or even Glenn the president or the secretary of state. Because ambassadors must avoid com- Beck or Bill O’Reilly—to demonstrate ART: STEFANIE AUGUSTINE

16 America June 21–28, 2010 an appreciation for freedom of speech. Dad did not dream only politically, either. With the skin-flinty corporate owners of the Cubs keeping Chicago out of World Series since well before his birth, my father seldom hesitated to let George Steinbrenner know how his checkbook was “ruining the game” of baseball. Steinbrenner didn’t take the hint—if one can call a letter in all caps, pressed hard on school notebook paper a hint. Most famous personages would ignore my father’s dreams. Sometimes the lack of response would perturb him. After Mom passed away five years ago, Dad felt even more intensely the loneli- ness and separation shared by millions of the elderly who had followed the sun, far from their children and grandchildren, in Buffalo, Philly, Detroit, St. Louis and other rustbelt cities. Life for young families today is two-income busy, and any time left to share dreams with seniors is but a truncated add-on The peaceful rhythm of a monk’s day to Disneyworld or Busch Gardens or Christmas visits sandwiched into the consists of prayer, study, and manual labor. lines of holiday travel. While contemplation is at the heart of Dad did discover, however, a way to Trappist life, it is by the labor of our open the minds of others to his hands that we support ourselves. At dreams. By sending $5 or $10 to a growing list of charities, he shared New Melleray Abbey, making caskets widely not only his dreams, but his is an expression of our sacred mission. poetry, songs and inspirational prayers. In return, gratitude, for the money Contact us for a free catalog and you at least, would flow in abundance to his numbered mailbox at the trailer will receive a complimentary keepsake park where he lived. Bulk mail would cross blessed by one of our monks. overtax the “mail lady,” for whom my father made dutiful expressions of Caskets and urns are available for empathy. Mother Nature appeared to follow Dad’s lead, matching his philan- next-day delivery or can be ordered thropy for disaster victims with an on a guaranteed pre-need basis. increased frequency of earthquakes, tsunamis and airport-closing volca- noes. Often my father cleaned out his closets—removing baseball caps, shirts and years of accumulated Father’s Day stuff he was too nice to say didn’t fit. Driving into his neighborhood, one 888.433.6934 | www.trappistcaskets.com | Peosta, Iowa would encounter many poor children

June 21–28, 2010 America 17 and their parents wearing his Ralph raphy inspired by Tom Brokaw’s book, father’s generation faced military ser- Lauren shirts with their tattered jeans, The Greatest Generation, my father vice as an “enlist or be drafted” propo- not to mention a disproportionate described how his “mother was crying sition. After he enlisted in the U.S. number of Notre Dame and Cubs’ so hard,” he couldn’t “differentiate her Army Air Forces, the B-17 Flying fans, to judge by the caps. tears from the driving rain and her Fortress bomber made real Dad’s My father was a lifelong Democrat, sobs from the relentless thunder.” heroic dreams as he played his part in the workingman’s party, and he Until the financial collapse of the unambiguous good of stopping the thought highly of President Obama’s September 2008, many smugly Holocaust. The military also gave him experience as a community organizer. assumed that nothing like the Great three squares at a time when he was “Tell the president,” Dad would insist Depression could happen again. We just plain hungry. (as if Barack and I ate breakfast togeth- know better now, though the present It is less clear that fighting the shad- er every morning), “that he needs to economic pain has been more uneven- owy, highly mobile, not easily under- direct every dime he can to jobs.” ly felt than it was in the 1930s, when stood Al Qaeda conveys a comparably My father understood intimately 10 million were put out of work. noble feeling. It should, so long as it the dignity of work and the indignity In a similar way, this generation’s shares with my father’s military service of foreclosure. Vivid in his memory experience with military matters is the need for vigilance against the com- was the sight of his own mother plead- more ambivalent in light of the attacks mon enemies of all good dreams—eth- ing with the sheriff, during a notorious on Sept. 11 and the tragically executed nic or racial hatred, poverty and the Chicago thunderstorm, not to toss the Iraq war. An all-volunteer force immu- pernicious misuse of religion to slaugh- family’s furniture and the six Kmiec nizes many from the costs of war, and ter the innocent in the name of God. children into the street. That was after that may plague us with an insufficient The name Kmiec is of Polish ori- the crash of 1929. In a brief autobiog- strategic assessment. By contrast, my gin, and the small farming village from which my father’s father emigrated is not far from Oswiecim (Auschwitz). My father knew what a genuine war crime looked like, whether perpetrated near his ancestral home or in New York, Washington and Pennsylvania by 19 men in possession of comman- LOYOLA RETREAT HOUSE ON THE POTOMAC deered jets and lacking respect for the P.O. Box 9, Faulkner, MD 20632 sanctity of human life. www.loyolaretreat.org - 301-392-0801 My father died a few weeks ago in home hospice care in Florida. To both Ten-Month Program for Directing in the Ignatian Tradition Loyola Retreat House will offer a ten-month training program which will extend from September his sons at his side the Father’s Day to June, 2011. The program will consist of eight monthly Saturday meetings fro 9:00 to 4:00, and lesson is inescapable: As we check our two weekends in residence. voice mails, BlackBerries and inboxes, Requirements: let us not be too busy to notice all --Completed the full experience of the Spiritual Exercises; --Foundational knowledge in areas of contemporary theology, scripture, spiritual life, psychology; those who, like my father, freely give of --BA degree or equivalent life experience; their dreams. By the Cross and --On-going discernment of the call to this ministry. Resurrection, Christ offers us a vision of unconditional love. The dreams of To receive more information about the schedule, costs, and for an application form, please email Pat McDermott, IHM at [email protected] or call 301-392-0817. men are frequently their Christ-like offers of love. We can’t lose in taking them up. Why? Listen to my father’s voice, now fallen silent but forever Look forward to America’s upcoming special issues! clearly heard by the family and friends who took the time to share his dreams: “because we have faith, courage and MINISTRY—JULY 5 enthusiasm.” RELIGION AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS—JULY 19 With those qualities, Dad, we are confident your dreams of eternity are being fulfilled. A

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20 America June 21–28, 2010 BOOKS &CULTURE

THEATER | ROB WEINERT-KENDT of Yip Harburg’s 1947 satire “Finian’s Rainbow,” in which Irish pluck and AN AMERICAN TRAGEDY class warfare trumped racism in the Jim Crow South. August Wilson’s ‘Fences’ and race on Broadway While the lasting merit, not to mention entertainment value, of these his was a season of race on White Way. There was a revival of the race-themed shows has varied widely, Broadway, specifically of sweeping musical “Ragtime,” about a all have struck chords with audiences T“Race”—David Mamet’s ten- black musician standing athwart eager to see the subject dramatized or dentious legal drama starring James Gilded Age privilege; “Memphis,” about at least broached. Despite its clunky, Spader and David Alan Grier. The play the miscegenetic origins of rock and ham-handed dramaturgy and its con- opened in December and five months roll, which has become an unlikely trarian, apparently right-leaning per- later broke even, not a small achieve- minor hit (expect to see it on tour spective, Mamet’s “Race,” for instance, ment for a new play in the shark tank of immediately); Tracy Letts’s miniaturist has been attracting multiracial crowds the commercial theater. But Mamet was drama about urban Chicago, “Superior who seem to respond viscerally to its not alone in tackling America’s still- Donuts,” praised in this space last year; impolitic provocations. If most of the thorny black/white divide on the Great and even the charmingly oddball revival other aforementioned shows could be

June 21–28, 2010 America 21 said to flatter, or do precious little to despairing diagnosis of the nation’s Moynihan’s analysis of the status of the ruffle, liberal sensibilities, they are social ills in microcosm. Like most of underclass in this country in the 1960s, notable for another reason: Along the 10 plays Wilson wrote in his cruel- specifically African-Americans. By with Mamet’s play, they are all by ly brief life (one play set in each decade play’s end, Troy can count one child exclusively white writers. of the 20th century), “Fences” portrays each by three different women. All his It seems only fitting, then, that this a people in transition, pinned between progeny are hovering in the sympathet- string of shows is capped by a rip-roar- American history and the American ic but sturdy orbit of the only woman ing revival of August Wilson’s 1987 promise. Typically, their urgent strug- he married, long-suffering Rose, herself Pulitzer-winner, “Fences,” starring gle to claim both the child of what Denzel Washington and Viola Davis their patch of earth ON THE WEB might charitably be as Troy and Rose Maxson, a couple and their human Jim McDermott, S.J., called an “extended” facing challenges from without and dignity only half on summer film sequels. family. It’s not a new within Pittsburgh’s Hill District in the succeeds. Wilson’s americamagazine.org/culture point, but Wilson late 1950s. Given that Troy is a retired characters do usually makes it with force baseball star from the long-defunct manage to locate some sense of their over and over, and nowhere more force- Negro Leagues, the sports metaphor is authentic self or “their song,” as the fully than in “Fences”: The women keep irresistible: With bases loaded and a conjurer Bynum memorably put it in the home fires burning while the men couple of outs (the early closing of Wilson’s masterpiece “Joe Turner’s are off finding themselves, often in con- “Ragtime” and “Finian’s Rainbow”), Come and Gone” (seen on Broadway tention with each other. That is a wor- Wilson’s family drama constitutes a last season). In the process they often thy quest, no doubt, but all too often it gratifying grand slam. pay with their lives, their peace of includes a component of sexual con- We should not let the whooping mind or, most commonly and wrench- quest alongside other emblems of vali- cheers that greet not only the headlin- ingly, with severe collateral damage to dation. Wilson created many exemplars ing stars but the entire “Fences” team their families and children. of both the rover and the homebody in distract us from the play’s tragic “Fences” could be a case study out of his plays, but no couple so iconic as weight or from its dire but not entirely The Moynihan Report, Senator Patrick Troy and Rose. None of his loyal

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22 America June 21–28, 2010 women is more tested than Rose, and scene, with its heavy shudder of melo- does not recognize or validate his larg- none of his questing men crash down to drama, is that Troy’s hand has not er-than-life manhood. In part, you earth with a greater thud than Troy. been forced; he has no reason to bring could say it is a matter of bad timing; For while some of Wilson’s heroes such bad news to his wife apart from Troy, after all, lives on the cusp of are lone wolves or gadabouts whose his own confused sense of integrity. In America’s huge civil rights break- ties to home or hearth are gossamer- its own awful way, it is an act of throughs. But even those triumphs thin, Troy is an innately social crea- courage—one that, as it happens, have been interlaced with tragedy. ture, as entangled in the relationships utterly ignores his wife’s feelings, as she When in 1968 Memphis garbage that sustain him as he is restless for the does not hesitate to point out, but an workers went on strike under the defi- next new thing. A garbage collector act of rare fortitude nonetheless. ant slogan, “I Am a Man,” the nation’s who works the back end of the truck This is Troy’s tragedy, and August greatest civil rights leader rushed to with his buddy Bono (Stephen Wilson’s unflinching point: A 53-year- march with them. And we all know Mckinley Henderson, a Wilson expert old man might indeed still grapple for how Martin Luther King Jr.’s trip to who makes the role look easy), Troy is a sense of who he is and what he Memphis ended. pushing management to let him move should be, even at the expense of those to the front of the truck, as it were, and he loves. This is not only because he is ROB WEINERT-KENDT is an arts journalist who has written for The New York Times and become the city’s first black driver. He a flawed male of the species, but TimeOut New York. He writes a blog called also has a wandering eye, despite his because he still lives in a nation that “The Wicked Stage.” still-simmering marriage to Rose. And his brusque, even brutal treatment of his cowed teenage son, Cory (Chris BOOKS | PETER HEINEGG Chalk), suggests that Troy stubbornly views family obligations as just that, TRUTH-TELLER no more and no less. With his smiling good looks and (days before the war’s end) and his hard-to-hide charm, Denzel posthumous career as perhaps the Washington easily embodies Troy’s most credible and exciting Christian feisty good humor, his ribaldry, his theologian of the 20th century (seen comfort at the center of attention, so especially in The Cost of Discipleship, much that Wilson’s play almost settles Letters and Papers From Prison and the into the rhythms of a good-natured unfinished Ethics) has been told and sitcom. Washington seems typecast in retold. The definitive biography is still these moments: He is a star playing a that by Bonhoeffer’s close friend star, albeit a fading one. But it is in the Eberhard Bethge (1,084 pages in the “fading” part that Washington’s perfor- 2000 paperback edition); but shorter, mance is ultimately revelatory. There is readable tours of the man and his the searing monologue about a scrap work are still welcome, and Eric with his own unloved, unlovable Metaxas certainly makes an engaging father; there are tall tales about guide. wrestling with Death and the Devil, Best known for Amazing Grace which grow less and less outlandish as (2007), his fine life of William the play rolls on. Wilberforce, Metaxas is that rare crea- Above all, there is the second-act ture, a sophisticated “inspirational” tête-à-tête in which Troy quietly deliv- journalist; and newcomers to ers to Rose a bombshell that will BONHOEFFER Bonhoeffer will find much to like here. destroy their marriage and finally seal Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy Above all, there are the many generous his isolation. It is a tough, gasp-worthy By Eric Metaxas quotations from the diaries, corre- moment, in which an unsolicited con- Thomas Nelson. 592p $29.99 spondence and sermons of a man who fession from Troy unleashes a furious was at once a class-conscious Prussian response from Rose, which Viola Who doesn’t know about Dietrich aristocrat, a fierce egalitarian, a boyish Davis turns into a bitterly effective Bonhoeffer (1906-45)? The story of charmer, a highly gifted musician, a aria. What’s easy to miss about this his arrest and execution by the Nazis tender lover (of the young Maria von

June 21–28, 2010 America 23 Wedemyer, whom he never got to the Nazi-run “German Christians” compatriots who wanted to carry on marry), a thinker both innovative and church to fight against the regime religious business-as-usual amid the conservative and a fearless teller of the from within, Bonhoeffer replied: “If Final Solution: “Only the person who truth. Bonhoeffer had a way of saying you board the wrong train, it’s no use cries out for the Jews may sing things that immediately cleared the air. running down the corridor in the Gregorian chants.” When someone suggested that he join opposite direction.” And he advised his So far, so good. Unfortunately, Metaxas is not content with putting his star on center stage and letting him do his thing. Like Glenn Gould, with his habit of humming along to Bach keyboard pieces, Metaxas feels

impelled to keep adding enthusiastic paraphrases to Bonhoeffer’s already eloquent words. Thus, after he cites a passage from a letter to Maria von Wedemeyer justifying their “desire for earthly bliss,” he amplifies as follows: Bonhoeffer was trying to reclaim everything for God.... He was saying that it’s not just some “religious” part of this marriage

that is important, but the whole thing. The freedom to choose a mate is a gift from God, who cre- www.wtu.edu 800-334-9922 x5210 [email protected] ated us in his image. And the “desire for earthly bliss” is not something we steal from behind The Look of Catholics God’s back, but is something he Portrayals in Popular Culture from the has desired that we should Great Depression to the Cold War desire. We mustn’t separate that part of life and marriage from Anthony Burke Smith God, either by trying to hide it “Smith’s ambitious and exemplary work from him as belonging to us demonstrates decisively for all time that Catholics alone or by trying to destroy it were not only integral players in the formation altogether through a false piety of modern American popular culture, but that that denies its existence. the role of Catholicism itself in the national popular culture was a major issue in the Well sure, but the careful reader production of that same culture. . . . A wonderfully exciting book that will be widely hailed as a will hardly need that scholion to get landmark achievement, confirm the author’s Bonhoeffer’s message. stature as the leading scholar of Catholic popular A second quirk of Metaxas, though culture, and be consulted by scholars and sometimes an amusing one, is his their students for decades to come.” effort to jazz up his account of the —James T. Fisher, author of Communion of Third Reich with snappy, even Immigrants: A History of Catholics in America startling, expressions. He describes CultureAmerica SS-Obegruppenführer Reinhard 280 pages, 14 photographs, Cloth $34.95 Heydrich as an “albino stoat” and a “piscine ghoul.” He attacks the “fum- University Press of Kansas fering inaction of the German army 785-864-4155 • Fax 785-864-4586 • www.kansaspress.ku.edu officer corps”: “In time the blood- thirsty devils with whom they were

24 America June 21–28, 2010 playing pattycake would strangle them dispute shows how Bonhoeffer’s work bluebloods like himself—had been as with the guts of their quaint scruples.” still carries weight across a broad spec- far-sighted as he was in spotting the On the other hand, if the generals’ trum of belief and doubt. intrinsic evil of Nazism and as deter- anti-Hitler putsch succeeded, “the for- And undergirding it all is the mined to risk everything to attack it. mer Viennese vagrant might be given unforgettable tale of Bonhoeffer’s But of course they were not, and they the bum’s rush at any moment.” return to Nazi Germany when he paid the penalty for their fastidious Metaxas also makes some sloppy mis- could have saved his skin by staying on delays and ineptitude. takes with foreign terms (e.g., repeat- in either America or Britain, of his Tragic might-have-beens aside, edly citing “Gleischaltung” for serving in the Abwehr (military intel- Bonhoeffer’s achievement burns as Gleichschaltung, the crucial Nazi code- ligence) while plotting the overthrow brightly as ever and should get a still word for “standardization,” or totali- of Hitler, of his imprisonment and wider audience, thanks to Metaxas’s tarian takeover of society). But he’s not hanging. One cannot help wondering warm-hearted, lively chronicle. writing academic history, so it’s no big whether the war might not have come deal. to a quicker end if Bonhoeffer’s co- PETER HEINEGG is a professor of English at Finally, we have the knotty—and conspirators—many of them Prussian Union College, Schenectady, N.Y. probably unanswerable—question of where Bonhoeffer was headed with his controversial “religionless Christiani- TOM DEIGNAN ty.” He argued: HENRY’S FINAL ACT The God who is with us is the God who forsakes us (Mk THE DEAD REPUBLIC as the Booker Prize-winning Paddy 15:34). The God who lets us live A Novel Clarke, Ha Ha Ha—created the char- in the world without the work- By Roddy Doyle acter Henry Smart. First introduced in ing hypothesis of God is the Viking. 336p $26.95 the novel A Star Called Henry, Smart God before whom we stand con- is a kind of Irish Forrest Gump, with a tinually. Before God and with The population of Ireland currently penchant for showing up at key God we live without God. God hovers around that of Norway, moments in his nation’s history. So lets himself be pushed out of the Croatia, Costa Rica and Moldova. But Henry—a child of the worst Dublin world on to the cross. He is weak given the number of slums—is in the and powerless in the world, and books that explore General Post Office that is precisely the way, the only Ireland’s turbulent during the Easter way, in which he is with us and history, you would Rising of 1916, fight- helps us. Mt 8:17 makes it quite think this island of ing the British along- clear that Christ helps us, not by saints and scholars side Pearse, Connolly, virtue of his omnipotence, but by was roughly the size of Collins and other Irish virtue of his weakness and suf- two Chinas and an martyrs familiar to fering. India. Then again, if anyone who has ever you count the diaspo- heard a rebel ballad. Is this just streamlined ra, that seems to be In fact, you might Protestantism, faith stripped of all- the size of the global say that’s the problem too-human institutional crutches and Irish nation. Doyle was looking to dodges, a vision born from Back in 1999, on solve, or at least play Bonhoeffer’s experience of the ways the cusp of the 21st with. In A Star Called German Christendom compromised century, the best-sell- Henry, the Irish rebels with, and surrendered to, Hitler? Or ing author Roddy are not exactly the does it look toward a more radical Doyle embarked on an ambitious poetic dreamers and warriors of myth. direction, if not to the weird acrobatics attempt to present an alternative view They are flesh and blood men (and of the death-of-God theologians, at of Ireland’s bloody 20th century. women), which means they can be least to some kind of post-Christian Doyle—best known for such raucous petty and vindictive rather than heroic. landscape? Metaxas firmly rejects the working-class novels as The Doyle also confronted conflicts within latter option; but even if he is right, the Commitments and The Snapper, as well the rebel movement, leaving Henry, by

June 21–28, 2010 America 25 the end of the book, to wonder why “The Quiet Man.” It is one thing to abusive school teachers and unwitting- any poor kid would fight alongside tarnish the memories of beloved Irish ly catching up with women from his some of these middle-class stiffs. A rebels. But “The Quiet Man”? Doyle past. Doyle’s prose is generally curt Star Called Henry wasn’t exactly revo- risks finding himself on the wrong of and muscular, though occasionally it lutionary, but it was a bold reappraisal end of a Hibernian fatwa. seems simply terse. There are, though, of a cherished version of Irish history. Indeed, Doyle could have given in occasional moments of hilarity, with Henry Smart appeared next in the to the temptation to mock “The Quiet keen insights into the human soul, equally bold though not quite as well Man,” its legions of fans and its cozy particularly the Irish variety. executed Oh, Play That Thing, in view of Irish life. The Dead which Henry (having fallen out of What we get, howev- ON THE WEB Republic picks up favor with the I.R.A.) heads to er, is a battle of wills Read about this month’s steam nicely by the America. Unlike other Irish immi- between Henry and Catholic Book Club selection. time the hunger grants, Henry is not interested in Ford (who actually americamagazine.org/cbc strikes of the becoming a cop or fireman. Instead, he did employ an “I.R.A. 1980s roll around. dives into Prohibition-era Manhattan advisor” on the set of “The Quiet Bobby Sands becomes an internation- night life before shuffling off to Man”). The ex-rebel wants his life al icon, and Margaret Thatcher plays Chicago, where he becomes manager story (as well as history) told unflinch- her role as villain more sharply than for an up-and-coming musician ingly. But Ford, the entertainer as his- even John Ford could have imagined. named Louis Armstrong. torian, believes romance, jump cuts As the I.R.A. wages war, Sinn Fein Now we have the final installment and bright colors will also be required. and others were, if you will, waging in Doyle’s Henry Smart trilogy. The “What was in the script now wasn’t peace behind the scenes. Dead Republic begins with a look at what we’d written,” Henry laments. “Good suits had to be bought, bad another famous American popular “The race across the country to save hands had to be shaken,” Doyle writes. artist: the film director John Ford. The the rebel’s life had become a race on a In the end, Doyle depicts Henry year is 1951. Henry, we learn, is going beach for a woman’s bonnet.” Smart—and presumably those who to have his life story—of poverty, sex “The Quiet Man” section of The share his hopes, if not quite his color- and violence—told on the big screen Dead Republic is entertaining, if a bit ful experiences—as a pawn (albeit an by the famous Irish-American direc- long. The novel, from there, sags a lit- important one) in a game of history, tor. The name of the film is going to be tle. Henry plays vigilante, threatening during which even the slightest bit of power can corrupt. But Doyle’s hidden history of the Irish 20th century is not WITHOUT GUILE merely cynical. History is diplomacy and politics, sure. But it is also music and movies, and often the result of contradictory forces and unintended consequences. The Dead Republic is far from a perfect book. Overall, however, Doyle’s trilogy is provocative, impressive and an important part of an ongoing conversation about the Irish past and the nature of history. It really would have been interesting to have Henry Smart survey the Ireland of the 1990s and 2000s, the Celtic Tiger years. Then again, Doyle may be scribbling away at such a tome as we speak.

TOM DEIGNAN, author of Coming to America: Irish Americans, is a columnist at The Irish Voice newspaper and Irish America magazine. He is working on a novel "I know the view isn't that great, but it's near a good school." about a New York City high school. CARTOON BY VINCENT VOK

26 America June 21–28, 2010 CLASSIFIED oral communication skills are a must, along with Applicants should submit a letter of introduc- aptitude with MS Office and fundraising software. tion and résumé by Sept. 1, 2010, to: Sharon We are looking for a creative, business-minded Euart, R.S.M., Search Committee, CARA, 2300 thinker. To apply, please send cover letter, résumé, Wisconsin Avenue, NW, Washington, DC Books writing sample, salary history/requirements and 20007, or to Bishop Gerald Kicanas at HELP SEVERELY AUTISTIC adults. Buy a book at contact info for three business references to: Jim [email protected]; “Attention CARA douglasacres.com. Lindsay, Executive Director, at [email protected]. résumé” on subject line. Education No phone calls please. Preferred deadline is June 25, 2010, but candidates will be reviewed on a first- EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT. Foundations OBLATE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY offers an come basis, so please apply early. C.N.V.S. is an and Donors Interested in Catholic Activities is the M.A. degree in spirituality; regular semester and E.O.E. employer. leading membership association of major grant intersession courses. Web: www.ost.edu. makers to Catholic-sponsored programs and insti- DIRECTOR FAITH FORMATION. St. Mark SPIRITUAL DIRECTION TRAINING PRO- tutions. Catholic Church, a young, vibrant parish in FADICA seeks a new Executive Vice GRAM begins Oct. 18-22, 2010. Consists of eight Highlands Ranch, Colo. (S. Denver suburb) seek- President to lead a communications and marketing weekly sessions held quarterly over a two-year ing a Christ-centered Director of Faith Formation. effort with the skills to help take the organization period at Mount Saint Joseph Conference and St. Mark is one family, made up of 900-plus house- to the next levels of growth and impact. Retreat Center, located on a 780-acre rural campus holds, seeking a D.F.F. who strives for excellence. · Enhancing public awareness of FADICA’s in Maple Mount, Ky. Participants receive intense We are looking for an experienced, forward-think- work and mission, as well as the value and contri- training, practice and supervision by a coordinating ing, enthusiastic, motivated leader who communi- butions of faith-based philanthropy. team. Appropriate for beginners and experienced cates effectively, believes in teamwork and has a · Implementation of a new strategic communi- spiritual directors. Ph: (270) 229-0200, ext. 427; big-picture mentality. Responsibilities include cations plan enhancing external and internal com- e-mail: [email protected]; comprehensive faith formation for children, munications. www.msjcenter.org. Apply by Aug. 31, 2010. R.C.I.A., sacramental preparation programs, adult · Fundraising, editing and writing for FADI- Parish Missions confirmation, adult formation, recruitment and CA publications. formation of volunteer catechists, program plan- · Planning and research in connection with INSPIRING, DYNAMIC PREACHING: parish ning and curriculum evaluation. Exposure to FADICA’s conferences. missions, retreats, days of recollection; www and/or experience in intergenerational faith forma- · Special Projects management. .sabbathretreats.org. tion a plus. Strong leadership and organizational Qualifications: FADICA is seeking an accom- skills necessary. Bachelor’s degree in theology, reli- plished individual who has at least 10 years of Positions gious studies, or related field and/or five or more experience, ideally in a leadership role within a ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR HUMAN-SPIRI- years’ experience. Master’s degree preferred. Full- nonprofit entity, covering areas such as communi- TUAL FORMATION. Sacred Heart School of time, 12-month position with benefits. For applications, marketing, research, grant writing and Theology in metropolitan Milwaukee seeks a cations, call the parish office, (720) 348-9700, public speaking. Highly collaborative style, innova- priest as a full-time associate director of human- between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m (MDT). tive thinker, demonstrated knowledge, interest and spiritual formation. Sacred Heart is North experience in the work of the Catholic Church and America’s premier seminary specializing in forma- DIRECTOR SEARCH. Saint Francis Prayer in private philanthropy and/or charitable or not- tion for men of all ages. Center, Flint, Mich., seeking energetic, mission- for-profit activities. Send résumé and letter to: Requirements for the position, which becomes minded person willing to relocate. This faith-filled, FADICA VP Search, P.O. Box 57223, available in August 2010, are: master’s degree in spiritually minded person needs strong leadership Washington, DC 20036. spirituality, psychology or sacred sciences or equiv- ability, administrative and interpersonal skills plus alent; and experience in spiritual direction and for- substantial training in theology and spiritual direc- mation. Responsibilities include one-on-one advis- tion. Duties include but are not limited to: admin- Retreats BETHANY RETREAT HOUSE, ing and group sessions with possibilities for teach- istering day-to-day activities of the Center, collab- East Chicago, Ind., ing. This is an ideal opportunity for an experienced orating with volunteers in fundraising, facilitating offers private and individually directed silent retreats, priest looking for a new challenge. retreats and special events, working directly with including Ignatian 30 days, year-round in Send letter and résumé by June 15 to: Director the poor, acting as liaison with the community. a prayerful home setting. Contact Joyce Diltz, of Human-Spiritual Formation, Sacred Heart Salary and benefits are commensurate with train- P.H.J.C; Ph.: (219) 398-5047; bethanyrh@sbcglob- School of Theology, P.O. Box 429, Hales Corners, ing and experience. Visit our Web site at stfrancis- al.net; bethanyretreathouse.org. WI 53130-0429, or to [email protected]. prayerflint.com. Send résumé by e-mail to Search Committee at [email protected] or by BETHANY SPIRITUALITY CENTER, Highland DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT. Catholic postal mail to G-2381 E. Carpenter Rd., Flint, MI Mills, N.Y., offers the following summer retreats: Network of Volunteer Service, a Washington, 48505. “Sacred Spaces,” July 2-9, Margaret Silf; Directed D.C.-area national resource center for faith-based retreat, July 12-20; “Are You Talking to Me, God? volunteer programs, is in search of a full-time EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR. The Center for Discernment in Everyday Life” (women’s retreat), Director of Development to implement organiza- Applied Research in the Apostolate (CARA) seeks July 23-25, Janice Farnham, R.J.M., and Rosemary tion’s development plan, research and write grant qualified applicants for the position of Executive Mangan, R.J.M.; Retiro Predicado, Gerald J. proposals, manage grant projects, coordinate direct Director. 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June 21–28, 2010 America 27 (860) 567-3163 or at programs@wisdomhouse LETTERS Not so Vietnam veterans, who had .org; www.wisdomhouse.org. to keep it all inside because the coun- Web Sites try condemned both the war and those Unfortunate THE EVOLUTION OF SYMBIOSIS is nature’s who fought in it. I know. It took me 40 pattern and God’s plan. Enrich your faith with the Misunderstanding years after nightmares, weeping, lone- synthesis of science. Free resources at: www.secon- Please allow me to respond to two let- liness and inability to speak to anyone denlightenment.org and www.evolution101.org. ters that appeared in your May 31 about my experiences. And only then Wills issue concerning the liturgical use of because a local policeman found me Please remember America in your will. Our legal title the cappa magna at the solemn pontif- walking in my sleep and brought me to is: America Press Inc., 106 West 56th Street, New ical Mass celebrated by Bishop a veterans’ group of former Vietnam York, NY 10019. Slattery in Washington, D.C. soldiers, who spoke about their experi- Bishop Slattery has received close America classified. Classified advertisements are ences. accepted for publication in either the print version of to 2,000 letters and e-mail messages Would that I had met Nancy America or on our Web site, www.americam- from 13 countries around the world Sherman 40 years ago! agazine.org. Ten-word minimum. Rates are per word commenting on the prayerfulness of PETER J. RIGA per issue. 1-5 times: $1.50; 6-11 times: $1.28; 12-23 Houston, Tex. times: $1.23; 24-41 times: $1.17; 42 times or more: that Mass and the depth of comfort $1.12. For an additional $30, your print ad will be the faithful found in his homily. posted on America’s Web site for one week. The flat The cappa magna does indeed rep- Wounded Warriors rate for a Web-only classified ad is $150 for 30 days. Thanks for this thoughtful and Ads may be submitted by e-mail to: ads@americam- resent the finery of the world, its agazine.org; by fax to (928) 222-2107; by postal mail power and prestige. That is why after thought-provoking review (“To Hell to: Classified Department, America, 106 West 56th his entrance wearing it, the prelate is and Back,” 6/7). Knowing several vets St., New York, NY 10019. To post a classified ad publicly stripped of this finery and and their families, I find the reviewer’s online, go to our home page and click on “Advertising” at the top of the page. We do not accept ad copy over humbled before the congregation. observations right on the mark. the phone. MasterCard and Visa accepted. For more Then, vestment by vestment, the bish- Pastoral outreach to military person- information call: (212) 515-0102. op is clothed in the new man of which nel and their loved ones ought to be St. Paul speaks, including the bap- high on the church’s agenda. We can LATE DELIVERY OF MAGAZINE tismal alb, the dalmatic of charity, the be for peace (popes and the U.S. bish- stole of pardon and the chasuble of ops have opposed the war in Iraq) and mercy. When finally clothed in Christ, also for those who are sent, often by the prelate makes a second entrance misguided leaders, into harm’s way. into the church to begin the eucharis- Many carry the lasting scars, often tic celebration in persona Christi, the invisible, of conflict and combat. The visible head of the body, the church. work of those involved in the It was a clear statement that the Wounded Warriors campaign power and prestige of the world have (www.woundedwarriorproject.org) no place at the altar, but it is expressed and the Wounded Warriors Academy, in a liturgical ritual or symbol, which, founded by Rick Curry, S.J., deserve our support and prayers. So too the Are you experiencing problems unfortunately, are often lacking in the with the on-time delivery of contemporary rites and thus hard to efforts of those like John Dear, S.J., your issues of America? grasp. who has dedicated his life and work (MSGR.) PATRICK BRANKIN (now some 20 books and thousands of Postal regulations require that there Director of Communications talks across the globe) to fostering Diocese of Tulsa, Okla. be at least three instances of late or peace and ending war. Someday we’ll no mail delivery before requesting a realize “where all the flowers have publication watch. Forty Years in the Desert gone” and heed the words of Pope Paul Thank you for “What Good Soldiers You should notify your local post VI: “War no more. War never again.” Bear,” by Nancy Sherman (5/31). The RICK MALLOY, S.J. office and make a complaint and/or differences between those who came Yellowstone National Park, Wyo. request a publication watch. You back from Iraq and Afghanistan and may also notify us at (212) 581-4640 Vietnam veterans is the former’s will- Welcoming the New ext. 118 or by e-mail at subscrip- ingness to talk about their experiences I hope that Catholics will welcome [email protected], and we will contact the U.S.P.S. in war. That is because the country this new development in the field of welcomed them back. bioscience (“Vatican Greets First

28 America June 21–28, 2010 Synthetic Cell With Caution,” Signs of the Times, 6/7). Though obviously only a first stumbling endeavor in this direction, most likely it will be followed by more and better results. Let us rejoice in this new human enterprise. Should we fear it because it can be used for wrong purposes? No! Every human enterprise, alas, can and most likely will be used for evil purposes. Still, God saw all he had made and indeed it was very good. THEO VERBEEK Wagga Wagga, N.S.W., Australia

Outdated Maps Regarding “True North,” by Thomas A. Shannon (5/31): He gives refer- BRINGING ences to Bernard Häring, C.Ss.R., and Joseph Fuchs, S.J., but does not even HEALTH CARE TO LIFE mention Pope John Paul II’s encyclical for the FAITHFUL “Veritatis Splendor.” That is like using a modern G.P.S. system that has out- 2010 Homily Resources dated maps for the crucial intersec- tions one has to navigate. Health care is a vital concern for all Americans and an important (REV.) MARCEL L. TAILLON Narragansett, R.I. ministry of the Catholic Church. Often, health care issues are complex and difficult to understand. Open With Caution The Catholic Health Association is pleased to offer several Opening a new issue of America can homilies for 2010 to help clarify these issues for parishioners and the by scary. Just about every article is a communities we serve. challenge, an attempt to get us out of Each topic coincides with liturgy for a selected Sunday or feast our comfortable niche or our comfort- day through Oct. 10, 2010. The reflections are also appropriate able pew in the church. We live in a for additional occasions as well. Written by prominent Catholic country where we can do much, far theologians and bioethicists, the homilies bring important issues beyond just giving money to the needy. about health and healing to life in the context of Gospel and We can agitate, form groups, write let- church teachings. ters, support those who are already Catholic hospitals, health care facilities and clinics are dedicated doing much. But it is easy to get dis- to continuing the healing mission of Jesus by improving the well- couraged. being of the communities we serve across the U.S. One of six Thank you, America, for not per- mitting us to acquiesce and go away patients in America is treated at a Catholic hospital each year. quietly. LUCY FUCHS JULY 11, 15th SUNDAY Visit www.chausa.org/homilies for current Brandon, Fla. IN ORDINARY TIME postings. For more information, contact Fr. Robert J. Karris, O.F.M., Th.D. Brian Yanofchick, CHA senior director, mission services and leadership development, at [email protected] or 314-253-3503. America (ISSN 0002-7049) is published weekly (except for 13 SEPT. 26, 26th SUNDAY combined issues: Jan. 4-11, 18-25, Feb. 1-8, April 12-19, June 7- IN ORDINARY TIME 14, 21-28, July 5-12, 19-26, Aug. 2-9, 16-23, Aug. 30-Sept. 6, Sept. 13-20, Dec. 20-27) by America Press, Inc., 106 West 56th Sr. Patricia A. Smith, RSM, Ph.D. Street, New York, NY 10019. Periodicals postage is paid at New York, N.Y., and additional mailing offices. Business Manager: Lisa Pope; Circulation: Judith Palmer, (212) 581-4640. Subscriptions: OCT. 10, 28th SUNDAY United States, $56 per year; add U.S. $30 postage and GST (#131870719) for Canada; or add U.S. $54 per year for interna- IN ORDINARY TIME tional priority airmail. Postmaster: Send address changes to: America, 106 West 56th St. New York, NY 10019. Printed in the Sr. Carolyn Osiek, RSCJ, Th.D. U.S.A.

June 21–28, 2010 America 29 THE WORD The Path to Life THIRTEENTH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (C), JUNE 27, 2010 Readings: 1 Kgs 19:16-21; Ps 16:1-11; Gal 5:1, 13-18; Lk 9:51-62 “I will follow you wherever you go” (Lk 9:57)

he threats from the loggers and En route Jesus encounters three ates the encounter and expresses a desire ranchers and their hired gun- potential followers. Many commenta- to follow Jesus, asking to bid farewell Tmen were coming more fre- tors understand these as first to his family, as did Elisha quently. Some urged her to leave or to people who are initially when called by Elijah. Jesus desist her relentless outcry against the enthusiastic but are warns that any who come with devastation of the Brazilian rainforest. not able to embrace him will not be able to return to But Dorothy Stang, S.N.D., would not the serious what was before. They are for- leave the poor farmers whose homes demands of disci- ever changed and must pro- and livelihood were in peril. She forged pleship once Jesus claim the reign of God. Just as on through almost impassable muddy articulates these. Dorothy Stang could not leave roads to reach them, to read the But each encounter the people she had come to love in Scriptures and pray together, to bolster is left open-ended, her 40 years of ministry in the their courage to stand up against injus- and we are not told Amazon rainforest, so disciples tice and to urge them to live in harmo- whether or not the must follow the path of Jesus until ny with the rainforest, with God and person does ulti- with one another. Her resolute journey mately follow Jesus. They all pose PRAYING WITH SCRIPTURE ended when she was gunned down on questions to us about our own com- February 12, 2005. mitment to follow Jesus all the way • How have you experienced the freedom In today’s Gospel we see the same to Jerusalem. of life in the Spirit? resolute determination on the part of The first person approaches Jesus, • In what ways have you not been able to Jesus not to deviate from the path on expressing a desire to follow him. “go back home” once you chose to follow which he has set out, to advocate for life With words akin to Ruth’s profession Jesus? for the most vulnerable. The opposition of loyalty to Naomi (Ru 1:16), the • How do you resist “calling down fire against him is mounting, and he knows first says, “I will follow you wherever from heaven” on those who oppose God’s it. He chooses not to turn back. There you go.” This potential disciple right- reign? were still many ancient hatreds that ly voices that following Jesus requires ART: TAD DUNNE needed healing, one of which was the whole-hearted dedication to him. In enmity between his people and reply Jesus warns that his is an itinerant their own moment of being “taken up” Samaritans. He tries to meet them in mission that demands mobility to go in death and resurrection. their own territory, but they will not where the needs are and a letting go of We do not know whether the three receive him. The infuriated disciples any possessiveness, even of a bed of would-be disciples accepted these want to do as Elijah did (2 Kgs 1:10) one’s own. sobering challenges and continued on and call down on them fire from heav- In the second encounter, Jesus initi- the way with Jesus. If the conditions en. Jesus instead urges them to peace- ates the call to follow. This person Jesus sets forth seem daunting, Paul ably journey on to another village with wants to take care first of filial obliga- reminds us that this is not a yoke of him. tions to his parents. Jesus invites him slavery we take up, but a freeing power to embrace a larger family obligation: to live by the Spirit. Just as Elijah BARBARA E. REID, O.P., a member of the to extend his concern for life to all clothed Elisha with the mantle of his Dominican Sisters of Grand Rapids, Mich., is God’s family as his kin and to proclaim prophetic power, so Jesus’ disciples are a professor of New Testament studies at Catholic Theological Union in Chicago, Ill., well-being for all in God’s realm. wrapped in the protective cloak of his where she is vice president and academic dean. The third person, like the first, initi- loving spirit.

30 America June 21–28, 2010 Laborers for the Harvest FOURTEENTH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (C), JULY 4, 2010 Readings: Is 66:10-14; Ps 66:1-20; Gal 6:14-18; Lk 10:1, 17-20 “The harvest is abundant, but the laborers are few” (Lk 10:2)

recent radio interview fea- Furthermore, they bring with them called them to mission. tured a journalist who decid- no provisions and no defenses. For Like the returning exiles addressed Aed to spend a year doing jobs their food they are dependent on what in the first reading, who are filled with that most Americans will not do. One is offered them. They deserve pay- rejoicing over the rebuilding of of these jobs was to harvest lettuce. For ment, but there is no guarantee they Jerusalem, they know that they rest two months he was the only white per- will receive it. Like migrants who can- under God’s protective mantle, where son toiling among Mexican migrant not raise their voice in protest against they may “suck fully of the milk of her workers. He described the back-break- injustices toward them for fear of comfort” and “nurse with delight at her ing labor vividly and how he had to deportation, missionaries may need to abundant breasts.” It is the Holy One become numb to the pains in his back move to another town, another field, who will “spread prosperity over and hands and arms to make it another kind of crop if there is no wel- Jerusalem like a river,” carrying its through each day. He had to ignore his come for them in the first place they inhabitants in her arms, fondling them fierce thirst from the relentless heat preach. Their vulnerability proclaims in her lap, “as a mother comforts a and sun, for to take a break to get an alternative kind of power to that of child.” water would put him hopelessly the reigning systems: God’s saving Those who respond to Jesus’ invita- behind. power of love in the crucified Christ. tion to go out into the fields never go What was most impressive in his Throughout, they are to be bearers story was the way people helped one of peace proclaiming God’s reign. PRAYING WITH SCRIPTURE another in the fields. When one per- What would entice anyone to take • What rigors do you face in sharing the son was sick and could not keep up the up such work? Gospel with others? pace, all the others automatically took The last part of the Gospel on a bit more of a load to help her get points to the rewarding aspects of • How have you experienced joy from through the day. This work is so phys- this difficult work. When pro- being a transformative power for good? ically strenuous and the pay so meager claimers of the Gospel can see that • Let God’s motherly care enfold you as that few if any would ever aspire to it; the power they use for good is able you allow yourself to be formed for mis- migrants desperate for any income to transform evil situations, the sion. take it gladly. ensuing joy is indescribable. It is In today’s Gospel Jesus invites his essential for them, however, not to disciples to take up the very strenuous focus on the visible results of their work of evangelization. As in the let- handiwork and not to take false pride alone. Like the workers cutting lettuce, tuce fields, the harvest is abundant, in what they may think has been they have partners who rally in sup- but those who are willing to take on accomplished by their own efforts. port of anyone who is flagging, ensur- this demanding work are few. Those Their true joy comes from acknowl- ing that none is left behind and that all who do take it up are “like lambs edging the divine source of the power together share in the joy of a successful among wolves,” gentle and loving, they are able to wield, as they entrust harvest. while facing fierce opposition that themselves fully to the One who has BARBARA E. REID could even devour them. Like migrant workers in the United States, whose Need tomorrow’s Word today? presence is unwanted yet whose work Visit americamagazine.org and click on “The Word” is indispensable, laborers in God’s in the right-hand column under the “Print” heading. vineyard also face frequent rejection.

June 21–28, 2010 America 31 Preparing Leaders in the Vision of Jesuit Education

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

D%8%èI\c`^`flj<[lZXk`fe1 Concentrations: Adult and Family, Peace and Justice, Youth Ministry, Latino Studies, Pastoral Studies, Pastoral Counseling, Spirituality and Spiritual Direction D%8%èGXjkfiXc:flej\cè^Xe[Jgì`klXc:Xi\(60 credits): with licensure eligibility for Mental Health Counseling D%8%èGXjkfiXc:Xi\(36 credits) G_%;%èI\c`^`flj<[lZXk`fe ;fZkfif]Dè`jkip1Concentrations: Pastoral Ministry, Latino Studies, Spiritual Direction >iX[lXk\:\ik`]`ZXk\GifîXdj1 Spiritual Direction, Faith Formation Fecè\GifîXdj1 M.A. in Religious Education (Youth Ministry), M.A. in Pastoral Care (36 credits), Faith Formation Certificate (18 credits). Some courses in all programs are offered online. Ifj\?`cc:XdgljsN\jkZ_\jk\i:XdgljsDXe_XkkXeJXk\cc`k\(31st Street) Summer Programs Nineteen courses are available for graduate credit or audit. All of the courses in Summer Session I and II are offered for graduate credit or can be taken for audit. Courses in the Summer Institute are offered strictly on an audit, enrichment basis. For a list of the many prominent instructors and courses offered, please visit our website.

J\jj`fe@1Ale\)(kfAlcp/ J\jj`fe@@1Alcp()kfAlcp)0 Jldd\i@ejk`klk\@1Alcp()kfAlcp(, Jldd\i@ejk`klk\@@1Alcp)-kfAlcp)0 Fec`e\:flij\j1Ale\(kfAlcp)* Ifj\?`cc:Xdglj Jk%=iXeZ`jf]8jj`j`:_liZ_ (midtown New York City)

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