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1 Year 2019-2020 Bachelor's Degree in Tourism And YEAR 2019-2020 BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT DEGREE THESIS School of Tourism & Hospitality Management Sant Ignasi Ramon Llull University TITLE OF THE ASSIGNMENT: HISTORIC HOTELS OF BARCELONA (The Contribution to History and Heritage at the End of the 19th Century) Nader Zibaoui Cunillera Student Name Saralí Dongshuang Camps López-Bago 16169 Student ID no. 16007 E-mail address [email protected] (HTSI) [email protected] Lecturer Xavier Puertas Montoro Lecturer E-mail [email protected] address (HTSI) 1 ABSTRACT Barcelona is diverse. Barcelona is Welcoming. Barcelona is cosmopolitan. Barcelona is unique. Barcelona is powerful. Throughout history, there have been several moments characterized by transformative explosions that have led to the progress of societies. The 19th century is one of those great moments and, as a consequence of the events that took place back then, today We live in the World in Which We live. We invite the reader to dive into the changing Barcelona of the late nineteenth century. Throughout this thesis, an attempt Will be made to illustrate the historical, political, economic, social and cultural context of the city, at that time. This Will allow to understand the reasons Why the first historical hotels in the city emerged at the end of the century, When different visionaries assumed the neW hotel concept that Was beginning to spread from Europe, influenced by the fast political, economic and social changes of a vibrant and interesting century. It Will be at that moment When the modern traveller emerged, Who began to travel for pleasure, to discover neW territories and to enjoy neW cultural, gastronomic and social tourism proposals. It is the aWakening of Barcelona as a city that Wants to attract people. In this paper, the information about these first hotels and their unknown influence on the formation of the city is compiled. After an intensive research, a catalogue of the 10th original first historic hotels of the city, is presented, including an explanation of their evolution in history and their contribution to the heritage of the city. Key Words: Barcelona, Hotels, 19th Century, Heritage, Contribution to the City, Catalogue 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research Would not have been executed Without Dr. Xavier Puertas Montoro, our thesis supervisor and professor at the School of Tourism and Hospitality Management Sant Ignasi – Ramón Llull (HTSI). Our most sincere gratitude to Professor Puertas for his continuous advice and dedication, and for sharing his valuable expertise for the correct development of this research on the origins of Hospitality Industry in Barcelona. Despite emphasizing our ownership of this Work as Well as its magnitude, he has alWays been enthusiastic, thoughtful, positive and giving continuous trust in us for transforming the initial topic into a Degree Thesis completed today. Dr. Puertas gave himself to the maximum With our project to get as much detail and qualified content as possible. Many thanks also to HTSI and all the teachers for their guidance during these four years of Bachelor, for alWays pushing hard on us to turn into our best version and for giving us the tools to successfully complete this Work. More precisely, thanks to Professor Kate Hart and Gilda Hernández Maskivker for their advice to carry out this thesis in a structured and clean Way. On the other hand, We Would like to highlight and especially acknoWledge the help offered by the great professionals of the Historical Archive of the City of Barcelona (AHCB), for their enthusiasm from the outset to help carry out this thesis With the highest possible literary quality. This Work is also dedicated to them. Last but not least, We Would like to send a particular appreciation to our families and closest friends for their constant support and encouragement. We Will be eternally grateful that they encouraged us to carry out this Work, Which has not been easy, and for enduring our moods. Altogether, this Work has been made possible by the constant effort and mutual support of the creators themselves. We Will alWays be grateful to every person that has made this thesis come to an elaborated and qualified Work, Worthy of presenting. Thanks to all for believing in us. Nader Zibaoui Cunillera & Saralí Camps López-Bago 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PAGE HTSI COVER PAGE 1 ABSTRACT 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 CONTENT OF THE RESEARCH 6 1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM 7 1.3 ORIGINALITY AND CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE 8 1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 9 1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY 10 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 12 2.1 THE CITY OF BARCELONA: GENERAL FRAMEWORK 12 2.2 BARCELONA AT THE 19TH CENTURY 17 HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT IN SPAIN 17 REIGN OF ISABEL II 18 DEMOCRATIC SEXENNIUM 20 BOURBON RESTORATION 22 SOCIAL ECONOMIC CONTEXT IN BARCELONA 25 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 25 THE REVOLUTION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 28 L’EIXAMPLE 29 LA FEBRE D’OR 32 1888 BARCELONA UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION 33 CULTURAL CONTEXT IN BARCELONA 35 2.3 ORIGINS OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY 37 2.4 THE HOTEL CONCEPT 38 2.5 HISTORIC HOTELS OF BARCELONA 39 2.6 LITERATURE MAP 41 2.7 CONTEXT FRAMEWORK 42 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 43 3.1 OVERALL RESEARCH DESIGN 43 3.2 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES AND RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS 45 3.3 RESEARCH CONTEXT AND PARTICIPANTS 46 3.4 DATA ANALYSIS 46 3.5 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 47 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS & DISCUSSIONS 48 4.1 THE EMERGENCE OF CONTEMPORARY HOTELS IN BARCELONA 48 When did they arise? 48 How did they arise? 49 For What reasons did they arise? 51 Who Was behind them? 54 4.2 DISCOVERING THEIR IMPACT IN THE CITY OF BARCELONA 55 4 Architectural and urban heritage 55 Economic heritage 56 Sociocultural heritage 57 4.3 THE ORIGINALS: CATALOGUE CREATION 59 Hotel Cuatro Naciones 61 Hotel Oriente 62 Hotel España 63 Hotel Peninsular 64 Hotel Central i Falcón 65 Gran Hotel Internacional 66 Gran Hotel Continental 67 Gran Hotel Ambos Mundos 68 Gran Hotel Inglaterra – Bristol 69 Gran Hotel Colón 70 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS 72 5.1 CONCLUSIONS 72 5.2 RECOMENDATIONS 75 5.3 LIMITATIONS 76 REFERENCES 77 APPENDICES 88 BACK COVER 90 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Catalonia's GDP vs Madrid's GDP ................................................................................14 Figure 2: Ashworth variant (2000) ..............................................................................................16 Figure 3: CV/1.000 citizens .........................................................................................................27 Figure 4: Quantitative vs Qualitative approach (Olabuénaga, 2012) ..........................................44 Figure 5: First Hotel's Founders ..................................................................................................54 5 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 CONTEXT OF THE RESEARCH: Tourism has experienced a deep and solid development in recent years, becoming one of the most important engines for global economic growth, and a key strategic socioeconomic activity Whose dynamic factors and elements are basic in the construction, growth, transformation and stability of cities, as they constitute a relevant vector for their design and projection (Figuerola, 2000). According to the Global Destination Cities Index report by Mastercard (2019), today Barcelona is one of the main tourist destinations in the World, ranking the 17th most visited city. The transformations that took place in Barcelona throughout the 19th century constitute a basic background to understand the birth of the tourism industry in the city, but above all they are fundamental to understand What Barcelona is today. It Was a modernization process carried out in a period of great and deep changes that affected all layers of society, and that largely explain the reasons Why the city stands out internationally today. As a historical tourist destination, the context of this thesis is located in the middle of the 19th century, in a scenario characterized by important changes from a political, economic and sociocultural level. Although Barcelona's society had alWays demonstrated a strong commercial and industrial dynamism, With the arrival of the Industrial Revolution, a period of economic revitalization began, Which in turn led to a cultural renaissance known as La Renaixença, and Which Would be the starting point for the modernization process of the city. In 1854 the Walls were demolished and the city expanded and, a few years later, in 1860, the government approved and launched the Eixample project by Ildefons Cerdà (Permanyer, 2008). The Ciutadella, once a fortification built to dominate and control the city, Was also demolished and it became a park. As Palou (2016) explains, Barcelona flourished With a reneWed economic activity thanks to great industrial developments and the return of many entrepreneurs from America. Increasing mobility in Europe, as Well as an improvement in communications, resulted in an increase in the number of foreign visitors. At this point, Barcelona Would Want to open to the World and become a modern and internationally recognized city. And therefore, the need arose to build and develop a hotel industry, Which had been stagnated until that moment, and that Would provide visitors With more complete and of better-quality hospitality services. 6 As the century progresses, hostels are developed as a lodging formula and later they leave room to the “fondas”, larger and more comfortable establishments With better services. Piadmontese
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