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Systematic Studies of Micronesian Plants

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Systematic Studies of Micronesian Plants SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 45 Systematic Studies of Micronesian Plants F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helene Sachet SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1980 ABSTRACT Fosberg, F. Kaymond, and Slarie-Helene Sachet. Systematic Studies of Micro- nesian Plants. Smithsoninn Contiibutions to Botany, number 45, 40 pages, 2 fig- ures, 1980.-Taxonomic and nomenclatural treatments of various genera in a number of families known from Micronesia, with new species, varieties, and combinations. A discussion is included of the systematic position of the genus Fagmea Thunberg, transferring it from the family Loganiaceae to the Gentian- aceae. The genus TYollastonia de Candolle (Compositae) is resurrected from the synonymy of Wedelia Jacquin, and the widespread species commonly called Wetlelia biflo~a(L.) de Candolle is discussed in relation to the Hawaiian genus Lipochaeta de Candolle and is moved to Wollastorzia. OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithoninn I'enr. SERIESCO~ER DESIGX: Leaf clearing from the Katsura tree Cercidiplzyllum jnponicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Fosberg, Francis Raymond, 1908- S\ atematic studies of Micronesian plants. (Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 45) Bibliography: p. Includes index. I. BotanL-Micronesia-Classification. 2. Botany-Classification. I. Sachet, Marie-Helene joint author. 11. Title. 111. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to botany : no. 45. QK1 .S2747 no. 45 [QK473.M5] 581'.08s [582'.09'965] i9-16001 Contents Page Introduction ...................................................... 1 HYMENOPHYLLACEAE.... ............... 1 GLEICHEKIACEAE............. ............... 4 POLYPODIACEAE,sensu lato ...................................... 4 GNETACEAE........................... ............. 5 HYDROCHARITACEAE................................................ 5 ............................. 5 ARACEAE.... ............................... 5 ........................... 6 ........................ ........ 6 .................................... 7 12 12 14 CUCURBITACEAE.................. ............. 15 RHIZOPHORACEAE.................................... 15 15 ........................... 15 ......................... 17 SAPOTACEAE............................. 17 GENTIANACEAE .......................... ........... LOGANIACEAE..... ........................... BORAGINACEAE.... ........................... 23 25 26 27 30 35 ..................................... 37 iii Systematic Studies of Micronesian Plants F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helene Sachet Introduction For details of herbarium symbols, the history, cir- cumstances, and format of the Flora of Micronesia, In the course of work on the Micronesian flora see the first three papers in the series, Smilhsonian we have encountered many taxonomic and nomen- Contributions to Botany, numbers 20, 24, and 36. clatural problems. Some of our conclusions have i\'e are much indebted to those Ivho have sup. been published as small papers, others have accum- plied specimens and field ob,ervations, especially ulated, unpublished. The names and observations Mrs, hlarjorie Falanruw of Yap Island, Aliss Joan which are ready for publication are here made Canfield in Palau, and Rlr. Philip ;\loore in Guam. available in advance of their use in the parts of the 51r. Royce Oliver has given inv:iluable help in lo- Flora, which appear at irregular intervals. l'hus the cating specimens and pointing out pertinent details. correct names may be used and referred to by our- Miss Dulcie Powell has examined much of the selves and others working on the plants of the manuscript. Dr. Harold Robinson has made valu- region. able suggestions concerning our treatment of This paper includes observations on the families IYollastoniu. l\re are much indebted to the author- Hymenophyllaceae, genera Hymenophyllurn and ities of the various herbaria, froin which specimens Trichomnnes; Gleicheniaceae, Gleichenia; Poly- are cited, for their courtesy in allowing us to work podiaceae, Thetypteris; Gnetaceae, Gnetum; Hydro- with their collections and to borrow specimens charitaceae, Hydrilla; Gramineae, Centosteca; when necessary. The Flora Malesiana has been of Araceae, Rhaphidophora; Urticaceae, Elatostenia; tremendous assistance in working out many taxo- Leguminosae, Callinndra and Stylosanthes; Euplior- nomic and nomenclatural details. Grants from the biaceae, Acalypha; Celastraceae, Loeseneriella; Smithsonian Research Awards Program to the Clusiaceae, Cnlophyllum and Gnrcinin; Flacourtia- Smi thsonian Research Foundal.ion have supported ceae, Flacourtia; Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus and Zeh- our work on island floras, including that reported neria; Rhizophoracene, Brugziiera; Melastornata- in this paper, for a number of years. IVe express our ceae, Medinilla and Melastoma; Araliaceae, thanks to all of the above. Osnioxylon; Xlyrsinaceae, Myrsine; Sapotaceae, A map of Micronesia, showing the locations of Pouterin; Gentianaceae, Fagraea; Loganiaceae, the islands mentioned is included as Figure 1. Geniostomn; Boraginaceae, Heliotropium; Ver- benaceae, Callicnrpa; Acanthaceae, Pseuderanthe- HYMENOPHYLLACEAE mum; Rubiaceae, Geophila, Hedyotis, Psychotria, and Spernzacoce; Compositae, Vernonia, Wollasto- Hymenophyllum Smith nin. Selected specimens are cited to support the observations; in some cases they may again be cited Hymenophyllum digitaturn (Swartz) Fosberg, later in the flora itself. new combination Trichomanes digitaturn Swartz, Syn., 370, 422, 1806. F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helene Sachet, Depart- Microtriclzonranes digitaturn (Swart7) Copeland, Phil. Jour. ment of Botany, National Museum of h'atural History, Smithsonian Zn.rtitution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Sci., 67:1, 36, 1938. 1 I300 135' I400 145' I50° '30' 9'. 400 Statute Miles b 0 loo 200 300 500 I I I I I 1 RYUKYU 0 BON IN 3Okinawa -jimo Haha-jimd I SLA N 0s I' Da i t6 -j ima Kito-io-jlma. ISLANDS 250 lwo Jima, VOLCANO ISLANDS CI / I-- Ma rcusq\ -Minorni-iB- jima I / -- / / / +- a / c / / 1 . Parece Vela 'Urocar 200 +4aug I Asuncion I Agrigon MAR I AN AS *Pagan Al amaganb I VGuguan I SLANOS I T Sa r igan Anatahan' .Med i ni I lo / Saipon Tin ia n3g 15' I Agiguon PHIL PPlNE I 'Rota #Guam I I SL ANDS Santa Rosa Reef : I Pmor I .,... U II t h i t YARi ' ' ' Gaferut Fais ' I Namonuito ... E.Fpyu. Murilo *, Mindonoo 'lap W. Foyu. P!kelotPula Nomwin ' olinarao.... Lomotrek , PRUK. Is L A NDS) Ba b e Ida o b Woleal .. Elat / Angaur. PellliU Ifa 1 uk %atawat ~uluwat Kuop- Noma Eauripik Losap I P'lusuk Namoluk ..5!al /oj' Lukunor Sonsorol 5O I Pulo Anna Satawdn Mer I r CAROLINE ISLANDS 0 e \ .Helen Reef Ha Imahers\ ---__ NEW G UlNEA 5O I550 160' 165' 170' I750 180' 3 0' FIGURE1 .-Micronesia. 25' 2 oo 15' ~Pokak I00 50 Abaiang: iarawaMarakei I 't Kopingamarangi ISLANDS -'M~,~~~ I ur ia.. A bemama O0 .Nauru 0, r anu ka I Banaba- Nonouti",, Beru I (Oc .an1 Tabiteuea%h ' 9 - -- onotoat Nikunaul --- Tarnono. ,Aroroi ---_-z , -z ---- , SOLOMON ELLICE 50 ISLANDS 165' 170' 1750'' 180' 1 I I 1 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY In spite of their united involucres, transferring quate to justify more than sectional rank. There- the species 1 eferred by Copeland to Alicl-otricho- fore, this variety must be transferred if it is to be manes Copeland, from Trichonzanes to Hymeno- maintained. plzyllurn, removes some of the artificiality from the circumscription of the traditional genera of the H) menophyllaceae. This weakens, somewhat, the POLYPODIACEAE, sensu lato argument for dismemberment of these large genera. I am unable to find that the appropriate combina- Thelypteris Schmidel tion has been made for this species. This genus has been drastically divided by Holttum (1971, 19i7), but we find it very difficult Trichomanes L. to follow most of this segregation and think it more convenient, and perhaps even more natural to fol- Trichomanes falsinervulosum (Nishida) low Morton (1963) in regarding the “family” Fosberg, new combination Thel) pteridaceae as principally comprising one large genus. Names are available in Thelypteris Microgoniunz /alsinervulosurn h’ishida, Jour. Jap. Bat., 32(5):156, fig. 4, 1957. for most Alicronesian species, but we find none for the following three, for which a new combination This species resembles TIichomanes craspedo- and two new names are proposed. neunivz Copeland, but differs in many details, as In addition, Cycloro~usjaculosus (Christ) Ito has brought out in the original description. However, been reported from Truk. Neither Thelypteriy the dimensions given for the frond do not cone- jaculosus (Christ) Panigrahi nor Thelypteris ~ub- spond \\.ell to the shape illustrated. I have not seen pubescens (Blume) Iwatsuki, which have been con- the type, Hosokawa s.ii,, in Taihoku University fused, are admitted from Micronesia by Holttum. Herbarium. Disposition of the Truk record will have to wait until we can examine the specimen, collected by Trichomanes tahitense Nadeaud Kusano in 1915, on which it is based. Trichomanes tahiteizse Nadeaud, Enum P1. Tahiti, 18, 1873. Microgoniuni tahitense (Nadeaud) Tindale, Contr. N.S.W. Thelypteris carolinensis (Hosokawa) Nat. Herb, Flora Ser., 201:4, 33-34, 1979. Ti ichomanes omphalodes C. Christensen, Ind. Fil., 646, Fosberg, new combination 1906. Dryopteris carolinensis Hosokawa, Trans. h’at. Hist. SOC. Formosa 26:74, 1936. Dr. Tindale points out that the species coninionl) Christella carolinensis (Hosokawa)
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