SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 45

Systematic Studies of Micronesian Plants

F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helene Sachet

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1980 ABSTRACT Fosberg, F. Kaymond, and Slarie-Helene Sachet. Systematic Studies of Micro- nesian Plants. Smithsoninn Contiibutions to Botany, number 45, 40 pages, 2 fig- ures, 1980.-Taxonomic and nomenclatural treatments of various genera in a number of families known from Micronesia, with new species, varieties, and combinations. A discussion is included of the systematic position of the genus Fagmea Thunberg, transferring it from the family Loganiaceae to the Gentian- aceae. The genus TYollastonia de Candolle (Compositae) is resurrected from the synonymy of Wedelia Jacquin, and the widespread species commonly called Wetlelia biflo~a(L.) de Candolle is discussed in relation to the Hawaiian genus Lipochaeta de Candolle and is moved to Wollastorzia.

OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithoninn I'enr. SERIESCO~ER DESIGX: Leaf clearing from the Katsura tree Cercidiplzyllum jnponicum Siebold and Zuccarini.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Fosberg, Francis Raymond, 1908- S\ atematic studies of Micronesian plants. (Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 45) Bibliography: p. Includes index. I. BotanL-Micronesia-Classification. 2. Botany-Classification. I. Sachet, Marie-Helene joint author. 11. Title. 111. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to botany : no. 45. QK1 .S2747 no. 45 [QK473.M5] 581'.08s [582'.09'965] i9-16001 Contents

Page Introduction ...... 1 HYMENOPHYLLACEAE...... 1 GLEICHEKIACEAE...... 4 POLYPODIACEAE,sensu lato ...... 4 GNETACEAE...... 5 HYDROCHARITACEAE...... 5 ...... 5 ARACEAE...... 5 ...... 6 ...... 6 ...... 7 12 12 14 CUCURBITACEAE...... 15 RHIZOPHORACEAE...... 15 15 ...... 15 ...... 17 SAPOTACEAE...... 17 GENTIANACEAE ...... LOGANIACEAE...... BORAGINACEAE...... 23 25 26 27 30 35 ...... 37

iii

Systematic Studies of Micronesian Plants

F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helene Sachet

Introduction For details of herbarium symbols, the history, cir- cumstances, and format of the Flora of Micronesia, In the course of work on the Micronesian flora see the first three papers in the series, Smilhsonian we have encountered many taxonomic and nomen- Contributions to Botany, numbers 20, 24, and 36. clatural problems. Some of our conclusions have i\'e are much indebted to those Ivho have sup. been published as small papers, others have accum- plied specimens and field ob,ervations, especially ulated, unpublished. The names and observations Mrs, hlarjorie Falanruw of Yap Island, Aliss Joan which are ready for publication are here made Canfield in Palau, and Rlr. Philip ;\loore in Guam. available in advance of their use in the parts of the 51r. Royce Oliver has given inv:iluable help in lo- Flora, which appear at irregular intervals. l'hus the cating specimens and pointing out pertinent details. correct names may be used and referred to by our- Miss Dulcie Powell has examined much of the selves and others working on the plants of the manuscript. Dr. Harold Robinson has made valu- region. able suggestions concerning our treatment of This paper includes observations on the families IYollastoniu. l\re are much indebted to the author- Hymenophyllaceae, genera Hymenophyllurn and ities of the various herbaria, froin which specimens Trichomnnes; Gleicheniaceae, Gleichenia; Poly- are cited, for their courtesy in allowing us to work podiaceae, Thetypteris; Gnetaceae, Gnetum; Hydro- with their collections and to borrow specimens charitaceae, Hydrilla; Gramineae, Centosteca; when necessary. The Flora Malesiana has been of Araceae, Rhaphidophora; Urticaceae, Elatostenia; tremendous assistance in working out many taxo- Leguminosae, Callinndra and Stylosanthes; Euplior- nomic and nomenclatural details. Grants from the biaceae, Acalypha; Celastraceae, Loeseneriella; Smithsonian Research Awards Program to the Clusiaceae, Cnlophyllum and Gnrcinin; Flacourtia- Smi thsonian Research Foundal.ion have supported ceae, Flacourtia; Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus and Zeh- our work on island floras, including that reported neria; Rhizophoracene, Brugziiera; Melastornata- in this paper, for a number of years. IVe express our ceae, Medinilla and Melastoma; Araliaceae, thanks to all of the above. Osnioxylon; Xlyrsinaceae, Myrsine; Sapotaceae, A map of Micronesia, showing the locations of Pouterin; Gentianaceae, Fagraea; Loganiaceae, the islands mentioned is included as Figure 1. Geniostomn; Boraginaceae, Heliotropium; Ver- benaceae, Callicnrpa; Acanthaceae, Pseuderanthe- HYMENOPHYLLACEAE mum; Rubiaceae, Geophila, Hedyotis, Psychotria, and Spernzacoce; Compositae, Vernonia, Wollasto- Hymenophyllum Smith nin. Selected specimens are cited to support the observations; in some cases they may again be cited Hymenophyllum digitaturn (Swartz) Fosberg, later in the flora itself. new combination Trichomanes digitaturn Swartz, Syn., 370, 422, 1806. F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helene Sachet, Depart- Microtriclzonranes digitaturn (Swart7) Copeland, Phil. Jour. ment of Botany, National Museum of h'atural History, Smithsonian Zn.rtitution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Sci., 67:1, 36, 1938.

1 I300 135' I400 145' I50°

'30'

9'. 400 Statute Miles b 0 loo 200 300 500 I I I I I 1 RYUKYU 0 BON IN 3Okinawa -jimo Haha-jimd I SLA N 0s I' Da i t6 -j ima Kito-io-jlma. ISLANDS

250 lwo Jima, VOLCANO ISLANDS CI / I-- Ma rcusq\ -Minorni-iB- jima I

/ -- / / / +- a / c / / 1 . Parece Vela 'Urocar 200 +4aug I Asuncion I Agrigon MAR I AN AS *Pagan Al amaganb I VGuguan I SLANOS I T Sa r igan Anatahan' .Med i ni I lo / Saipon Tin ia n3g 15' I Agiguon PHIL PPlNE I 'Rota #Guam I I SL ANDS Santa Rosa Reef : I Pmor I .,... U II t h i t YARi ' ' ' Gaferut Fais ' I Namonuito ... E.Fpyu. Murilo *, Mindonoo 'lap W. Foyu. P!kelotPula Nomwin ' olinarao.... Lomotrek , PRUK. Is L A NDS) Ba b e Ida o b Woleal .. . Elat / Angaur. PellliU Ifa 1 uk %atawat ~uluwat Kuop- Noma Eauripik Losap I P'lusuk Namoluk ..5!al /oj' Lukunor Sonsorol 5O I Pulo Anna Satawdn Mer I r CAROLINE ISLANDS 0 e \ .Helen Reef

Ha Imahers\ ---__

NEW G UlNEA 5O I550 160' 165' 170' I750 180'

3 0'

FIGURE1 .-Micronesia. 25'

2 oo

15' ~Pokak

I00

50

Abaiang: iarawaMarakei I 't Kopingamarangi ISLANDS -'M~,~~~ I ur ia.. A bemama O0 .Nauru 0, r anu ka I Banaba- Nonouti",, Beru I (Oc .an1 Tabiteuea%h ' 9 - -- onotoat Nikunaul --- Tarnono. ,Aroroi ---_-z , -z ---- , SOLOMON ELLICE 50 ISLANDS 165' 170' 1750'' 180' 1 I I 1 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

In spite of their united involucres, transferring quate to justify more than sectional rank. There- the species 1 eferred by Copeland to Alicl-otricho- fore, this variety must be transferred if it is to be manes Copeland, from Trichonzanes to Hymeno- maintained. plzyllurn, removes some of the artificiality from the circumscription of the traditional genera of the H) menophyllaceae. This weakens, somewhat, the POLYPODIACEAE, sensu lato argument for dismemberment of these large genera. I am unable to find that the appropriate combina- Thelypteris Schmidel tion has been made for this species. This genus has been drastically divided by Holttum (1971, 19i7), but we find it very difficult Trichomanes L. to follow most of this segregation and think it more convenient, and perhaps even more natural to fol- Trichomanes falsinervulosum (Nishida) low Morton (1963) in regarding the “family” Fosberg, new combination Thel) pteridaceae as principally comprising one large genus. Names are available in Thelypteris Microgoniunz /alsinervulosurn h’ishida, Jour. Jap. Bat., 32(5):156, fig. 4, 1957. for most Alicronesian species, but we find none for the following three, for which a new combination This species resembles TIichomanes craspedo- and two new names are proposed. neunivz Copeland, but differs in many details, as In addition, Cycloro~usjaculosus (Christ) Ito has brought out in the original description. However, been reported from Truk. Neither Thelypteriy the dimensions given for the frond do not cone- jaculosus (Christ) Panigrahi nor Thelypteris ~ub- spond \\.ell to the shape illustrated. I have not seen pubescens (Blume) Iwatsuki, which have been con- the type, Hosokawa s.ii,, in Taihoku University fused, are admitted from Micronesia by Holttum. Herbarium. Disposition of the Truk record will have to wait until we can examine the specimen, collected by Trichomanes tahitense Nadeaud Kusano in 1915, on which it is based.

Trichomanes tahiteizse Nadeaud, Enum P1. Tahiti, 18, 1873. Microgoniuni tahitense (Nadeaud) Tindale, Contr. N.S.W. Thelypteris carolinensis (Hosokawa) Nat. Herb, Flora Ser., 201:4, 33-34, 1979. Ti ichomanes omphalodes C. Christensen, Ind. Fil., 646, Fosberg, new combination 1906. Dryopteris carolinensis Hosokawa, Trans. h’at. Hist. SOC. Formosa 26:74, 1936. Dr. Tindale points out that the species coninionl) Christella carolinensis (Hosokawa) Holttum, Kew Bull., known as T. on~phalodesC. Christensen is identical 31:307, 1976. with the older T. tahitense Nadeaud. In Micronesia it is known from Palau and Ponape, Tvhere it is an Thelypteris peliliuensis Fosberg, new name epiph) te on tree trunks in Tvet forests. Glaphyropteris palauensis Hosokawa, Trans. h’at. Hist. Sac. Formosa, 323285-286, 1942. GLEICHEKIACEAE Dryopteyis irninersa sensu Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 28:147, 1938 [non (Blume) 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Gleichenia J. E. Smith Pl., 2:813, 18911.

Glekhenia linearis var. latiloba (Holttum) Hosokawa’s description is rather full but we are Fosberg, new combination unable, from it, to place the plant in any of Holt- tuin’s genera, nor has Holttum accounted for Dicranopteris linearis var, lntiloba Holttum, Reinwardtia, Hosokawa’s species. TVe have not seen the type, 43277, 1957. Hosokawa’s 9221, from Peliliu, Palau. Holttum The several characters used by Holttum (1957a: (1971, 1977) seeins to restrict the genus Glnphgrop- 258-259; 1957b: 168-184) to separate Dicran0pteri.s trri.s (Presl ex Fee) Fee to the Kew TVorld. There- Bernhardi from Gleichnia Smith do not seem ade- fore, even if it were maintained as a genus, it would NUMBER 45 5 scarcel) be an appropriate place for the species me to check the US sheet. This turned out to be under consideration. Because of the alre‘idy existing Hydrilla, on the basis of the prominent, rather than Thelypterzy palauen,i, (Hosokawa) Reed (1968) the exceedingly minute, spinulose teeth on the leaf epithet palazrenszs cannot be transferred to Thelyp- margin. The collection is sterile, as is so often the te?is. Hence a new name is proposed, based on case with both these aquatics. Since this is the orlly Hosokawa’s description and t) pe-specimen. report of Egel-ia from Guam, this genus should be deleted from the flora of Guam. Thelypteris rupi-insularis Fosberg, new name Dryopteris rupicola Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. GRAhiINEAE (= POACEAE) Formosa, 26:73, 1936 [non C. Christensen 1917 = Thelypteris rupicola (C. Christensen) Ching 19171. Centosteca Desvaux (Centotheca Heauvois, Glapliyropteris rupicola (Hosokawa) Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. orth. mut.) Hist. Soc. Formosa, 323285, 1942. Christella rupicola (Hosokawa) Holttum, Allertonia, 1:217, Centosteca lappacea (L.) Desvaux 1977. Centosteca lappacea (L.) Desvaux, Nouv. Bull. SOC. Philom. GNETACEAE Paris, 2:189, 1810; Jour. de Bot. Desvaux, 1:71, 1813.- Beauvois, Essai . . . Agrost., 69, 1812.-Dandy in Exell. Cat. T’asc. P1. S. Thome, 365, 1944. Gnetum L. Cenchrus Zappaceus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1488, 1763. Gneturn gnctnon sensu Fosberg Pi Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. HoZcus latifolius Osbeck, Dagb. Ostincl. Resa, 247, 1757. Bot., 20:13, 197.5 [non L., Mantissa, 1:125, 17671. Centotheca [atifolia Trinius, Fund. Agrost., 141, 1820 (nom. superfl. illegit.).-Monod de Froideville, Blumea, 19:58, The two sterile specimens from Palau, Hosokawcc 60, 1971. 906I and Stone and Sabino 4541 (both BISH), re- For the benefit of any who may have missed ferred to Gncticm gncinon L. by LIS in 1975 (follow- Dandy’s 1944 discussion of the nomenclature of this ing uncritically the determination on the label of widespread grass species, and who may have read no. 9061), when compared with fertile specimens of the recent synopsis of the genus Centosteca (as Plzaleria ni.ridai Kanehira (Thymeleaceae), seem un- Centotheca) by Nonod de Froitleville (1971:57-60), doubtedly to belong to the latter species. Since it seems worth while to point out that IIonotl these are the only basis of reports of Gneticm in apparently also missed Dandy’s discussion. Dandy Microne, .I of which we know, the family Gneta- showed that Trinius based his Centothcca lntifolia ceae, ge,.us Gnetum, and species Gnetum g~emon on Cenclirus lappaceus L., not on Holcus Iatifolia should be deleted from the flora of Micronesia. Osbeck; therefore, any transfer of the latter to Centosteca will create a later 1iomon)m. Hence the HYDROCHARITACEAE name Cen tosteca lappacea (L.) Desvaux must stand. Hydrilla Richard It should be pointed out that Desvaux’s original spelling of the generic name w.\‘;IsCento.rteca which Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle was changed (“corrected”) by Beauvois: this change does not seem to be warranted according to the HydriZZa uerticilata (L.f.) Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal., T. 376, 1839. International Code, even though it wa~later ac- Serpicula uerticillata L.f. Suppl., 416, 1781. cepted by Desvaux in 1813 (Soderstrom and Decker, Egeria densa sensu Fosberg, Phytologia, 15:496, 1968 [non 1973:433). Planchon, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 3,11:80, 18491. In 1968 I (Fosberg) reported Egeria densa ARACEAE Planchon from Guam on the basis of Stone 4305, from the Talofofo River near the mouth. The Rhaphidophora Hasskarl Bishop liuseum sheet of this collection was deter- Rhaphidophora carolinensis (Volkens) mined by Harold St. ,John as Egeria densa. In his Fosberg, new combination Flora of Guam, Stone (1971: 101-102) refers this numlier to both Egerin and Hydrilla, which caused Epiprenzrztcm carolinen~c\.olkens. Bot. Tahrb.. 31:459, 1901 6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

Epipremnuni palauense Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 30:401, Elatostema divaricatum (Gaudichaud) 1916. Fosberg, new combination Rhaphidophora koidzumii Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 286, 1935. Pellionia divaricata Gaudichaud, Bot. Freyc. Voy. Uranie, 494, 1826 [1830]. When Rhaphidophora Hasskarl, 1842, and Epi- Procrts diva?tcata (Gaudichaud) Steudel, Som., ed. 2, 2:398, premnum Schott, 1857, are united under the name 1841 [“In insulis Mariannis (Guam)”]. Rhaphidophora, the name for this species must be based on the earlier E. carolinense Volkens. Kane- For Gaudichaud’s species, it is necessary to pro- hira, though he did not unite the two genera in vide this new combination. This name being oldest, his Enumeration, did transfer E. palauense Koid- may eventually replace one or both of the two other zumi to Rhaphidophora, renaming it e. koidzumii names for the Marianas species. because of the earlier Rhaphidophora palauensis Koidzumi (1916). However, the still earlier epithet LEGUMINOSAE (= FABACEAE) of Epipremnum carolinense Volkens must prevail. Calliandra Bentham

URTICACEAE Calliandra haematocephala Hasskarl Calliandra haematocephala Hasskarl, Retzia, 1:216, 1855. Elatostema Forster Calliandra inaequilatera Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, 6:28, 1896. Elatostema Forster, Char. Gen. 105, tab. 53, 1775.- Gaudichaud, Bot. Freyc. Voy. Uranie, 493, 1826 [1830]. This attractive ornamental is planted in many Pellionia Gaudichaud, Bot. Freyc. Voy. Uranie, 494, 1826 tropical countries, but has apparently not been re- [1830], [pro parte]. ported before from Micronesia. Calliandra haemato- Langveldia Gaudichaud, Bot. Freyc. Voy. Uranie, 494, cephala and C. inaequilatera have usually been 1826 [1830]. treated as separate species: R.S. Cowan (1963: 94-98) This genus, typified by Elatostema sessile Forster has given characters purporting to separate them. However, the cultivated Micronesian specimens and taken in the broad sense here adopted, is large and taxonomically difficult, and there is no ade- seem to fall between the two by his criteria. Nevling and Elias (1 97 1 :69-85) convincingly quate treatment of it. demonstrated that two species are not represented A number of species have been described from and that the material on which the earlier name Micronesia, some represented only by their type was based was from cultivated plants in Java that collections. Superficially, they are mostly rather originated from plants brought from the same re- similar, but have not been studied in detail, partly gion in Bolivia from which Rusby brought the type from lack of adequate material. In the Marianas, of Calliandra inaequilatera. the oldest name available, Pellionia divaricata, was This species should not be confused with Calli- provided by Gaudichaud for a plant from Guam. andra haematomma [sic] (Bertero ex de Candolle) hferrill (1914:76, 77) described two further species Bentham, an entirely different species, though the from Guam, Elatostema stenophyllum and E. cal- name is sometimes misapplied. careum, but made no reference to Gaudichaud’s species; yet the original material of Pellionia SPEcibiEX’s Stt~.-CarolineIslands: Palau; Koror, Ento- divaricata seen in Paris seems very similar to ElatoA- mology Laboratory grounds, Salsedo IIP(US). Ponape: tenza calcaieunz Merrill. However, in our opinion Colonia, 100-150 ft [3MO m], Salomon and George B(US). the reduction should not be made until all available material can be assembled and compared critically Stylosanthes Swartz in minute as well as gross features. So far as present concepts go, the genus is noted for its high degree Two species of Stylosanthes have been reported of local endemism, at least in insular floras. For the from Micronesia, both by Alan Burges (ca. 1935) present it seems best to accept all three Marianas from Nauru. \\’e have not seen specimens of either. species. They were reported as Stylosanthes sundaicus NUMBER 45 7

Taubert and Stylosanthes guyannensis (Aublet) ence to the original texts showed that Aublet (1775: Swartz. 776) used the binomial Trifolium guianense and Mohlenbrock (1957:345-346) equates Stylosanthes that Swartz (1789:301) transferred it in that form to sundaicus with Stylosanthes humilis Humboldt, his new genus Stylosanthes. On Aublet’s plate, Bonpland & Kunth. Since we have seen no speci- T.309, however, the name is “Trifolium, guyan- men, we can only accept this disposition, and use nense”. Doubtless this form originated with a non- Mohlenbrock’s key characters to separate the two French-speaking engraver. This form could only be Micronesian recorded species in the key given correct if the plate had been published prior to the below. text. There seems to be no evidence that this hap- Mohlenbrock used the orthography guyanensis for pened, nor any information about the order in the other species. Neither spelling seemed likely which the 72 fascicles appeared (Stafleu & Cowan, considering that Aublet was French-speaking. Refer- 1976:79) if they did not come out simultaneously.

Key to the Micronesian Species of Stylosanthes

Calyx lobes 3-5 mm long, loment minutely beaked, beak not over 0.5 mm long ...... S. guianemk Calyx lobes 1.5 mm long, loment with curved or hooked beak 1.5-3.5 mm long ...... S. humilis

Stylosanthes guianensis (Aublet) Swartz Acalypha amentacea Roxburgh

Stylosanthes gziianensis (Aublet) Stvartz, Svenska Vetensk. Acalypha amentacea Roxburgh, F1. Ind. ed. Carey, 686, 1832. Acad. Handl. 10:301, 1789. Trifoliurn guianense Aublet, Hist. P1. Guian. Fr., 776, This was originally described as follows: T.309, 1775. Dioecious, shrubby. Leaves long-petioled, ovate-cordate, In Micronesia reported only from Nauru, orig- taper-pointed, three-nerved. Stipules ensiform; spikes axillary, inally from tropical America. as long as the petioles, the male amentaceous; involucres small, hairy, dentate, one-flowered; style multifid. A native of the Moluccas. It differs from Konig’s A. Stylosanthes htamilis Humboldt, Bonpland 8c Kunth Oetulina (in Retz. Obs. or N. 85) in having but one female flower in the involucre. Stylosanthes huniilis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., G:506, 1823. This species was reduced to A. fruticosa Forskal Stylosanthes sundaica Taubert, Verh. Bot. Brandenb., 32:21, by Muller-Argau (1866: 822), this reduction being 1890. followed by Pax and Hoffmann (1924:169), and by In Micronesia reported only from Nauru, orig- later botanists generally, except Merrill. This re- inally from tropical America. duction seems manifestly incorrect, because A. fruti- cosa (an African-Arabian western Indian species) EUPHORBIACEAE does not reach the Moluccas. The description fits the large shrubby or arborescent species that is com- Acalypha L. mon in a myriad of variations and local races from India to Fiji and Tonga at least, and north to the This vast genus is inherently difficult, but its Philippines and Carolines. taxonomic intricacy is enhanced by the myriad of IVhile it may seem drastic to propose reduction slightly differing forms that have been recognized of such long recognized species as A. grandis, A. and described as species. Certain of the complexes stipulaceu, A. angatemis and A. wilkesiana, no one would be more manageable if considered as broad has yet offered any convincing attempt to distin- aggregate species, with the more recognizable pop guish them by other than superficial key characters, ulations regarded as varieties and forms. and these are frequently unreliable. One such complex, for which the oldest name The differences in this assemblage are in leaf seems to be Acalypha amentacea Roxburgh, extends size, shape, length of petiole, pubescence of stem from the Malesian area well into the Pacific. and leaf, size and shape of stipules, thickness, den- 8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY sity, length and hairiness of staminate spike, length (BM), perhaps a bit more hirsute, pistillate spike and density of pistillate spike, shape and dentation less densely flowered, bracts less developed than on of bracts of pistillate spike, and in the case of A. most spikes of no. 353 but about like those on the wilkesiana in its forms, color, and modification of youngest spike, which seems comparable in age. It leaves. is undoubtedly the same species. It is proposed to treat this assemblage as one poly- It seems expedient to recognize two subspecies, morphic species, within which many lesser units based mainly on the dentation of the bracts of the will eventually have to be distinguished. A few of pistillate spikes, the aspect of the plants, and leaf these, most of which already have names, can be outline. recognized at once, but to classify the variations in this group as a whole, and even to be certain which described species are to be included, and what their Acalypha amentacea Roxburgh ssp. amentacea precise limits are, is a major taxonomic task and Terminal tooth of bract not conspicuously longer cannot be attempted here. than lateral ones. Typification of A. a7nentncea presents problems. Pending further study, all of the subordinate No specimen was located at Kew, either in the gen- taxa excepting wilkesiana are placed in this sub- eral herbarium or in the \\:allich Herbarium. Dr. species. J. R. Sealy, formerly of the Kew Herbarium says (pers. comni.) that the Xlolucca plants described by Roxburgh ha1.e not been located. Nothing is known Acalypha amentacea Roxburgh var. amentacea about this collection. Most of the plants were not Acalypha aniboynensis Bentham, Lond. Jour. Bot., 2:233, illustrated and cannot be typified at present, except 1843. by the descriptions. Sealy says it would be worth Acalyplia stipulacea Klotzsch in Meyen, Nov. Act. Acad. while to look in the Brussels and Calcutta herbaria Cur, 19 (suppl.):416, 1843. to see if these Alolucca specimens are there, but we Acalypha gradis var. arnboinensis (Bentham) Muller-Argau, Linnaea, 34:10, 1865. have not pursued this suggestion. In the British Aluseum is a specimen, “Amboyna Dec. 1801” There seems to be no significant difference be- [Christian Smith pencilled on label]. It represents tween material collected in Amboina (Robinson a plant with large ovate-cordate or subcordate 353, 354) and some of the variable series of mate- leaves, blades 18-22 cm long, 11-15 cm wide, rial from the Philippines distributed by Dr. E. D. serrate, teeth acute to someTvhat acuminate or Alerrill and well represented in the U.S. National mucronate, apex prominently acuminate, nerves Herbarium. densely hirsute beneath, reticulation slightly hir- Leaves broadly ovate-subcordate, strongl! acu- sute, petioles densely hirsute, 7-1 7 cm long; stipules Ininate, softly pubescent beneath; young parts ovate-lanceolate, long-acuniinate, 12-14 nini long, sericeous-tonientose; stipules lanceolate-acuminate; sericeous except margins. Staminate spikes slender, staminate spikes congested, becoming elongate but about 2 mm thick, 10-13 nim long, the rachis densely remaining densely flowered, pistillate more loosely hirsute, the basal 1-2 cm almost bare of flowers; flowered, equally long, with ovate incised bracts, bracts scale-like, 1 niin or so long, acuminate, hir- these sparsel) hairy. sute; a single stout pistillate spike, 1.5 mm thick, 8 Characterization based largely on Robin yon 35?, cm long, densely pilose, sparsely flowered, bracts re- 353, from Amboina. duced, 2 mm long, hirsute Ivithout, with 8-12(?) lanceolate teeth, each bract subtending one flower, ovary hirsute, style many-branched, 1-2 mm long. Acalypha amentacea var. grandis (Bentham) This specimen bears 110 name on the original Fosberg, new status label, but E. D. Xlerrill has annotated it in 1951 as A. grandis Bentham in Hooker, Lond. Jour. Bot., 232-233, Acnlypha amentacea Roxburgh with a note: “This 1843. 117ight be the collection on which Roxburgh’s species was based as Charles Smith’s material went to him.” Leaves cordate orbicular, somewhat acuminate. It is a reasonably good match for Robinson 353 softly and sparsely pubescent or somewhat strigose NUMBER 45 9 beneath, stipules linear acuminate to almost fili- without, middle one longest; ovary and fruit densel) form; young growth toinentulose; staminate spikes to lightly strigose; ovate; the spikes vary enormously moderately congested, pistillate with bracts reniform in length and density of flowering; the staminate in with about 7 acute teeth; ovary and fruit densely prominence of the bracts and presence or absence hirtellous. of one or two pistillate flowers at base; the pistillate As interpreted here this variety is known defi- in stiffness of rachis and from almost glabrous to nitely only from Fiji. The Barclay specimen cited densely strigose, the bracts from 5- to 9-toothed, the below is here designated lectotype. The name teeth from glabrous to hairy and from lanceolate to Acdyplza. gmndlis Bentham has been applied to a ovate. About the only completely constant featui~s diversity of plants from Melanesia, Micronesia, antl are the appressed pubescence, the ( renate-serrate Malesia, especially the Philippines, and even leaf margins, the acuminate apices, and the rela- Hawaii. These specimens, so far as we have seen tively few teeth on the ovate (vs. reniform) bracts. them, belong to several other varieties, not all Yet there seem no reason to believe that this is worked out yet. The 1Iicronesian ones are mostly other than a coherent, freely interbreeding probably var. palauensis and ssp. wilkesiana. monophyletic population. It is found, so far as known, only 011 the limestone areas of Palau. It SPECIMEss SEES.-Fiji: without locality, Hinds in 1841 (K, differs notably in pubescence from the other native synt>x); Suhalau, Zlni.c/crs S.PZ. (K, syntype. photo in US): Palauan variety heterotricha, which has only been Kambara, H. F. ,\loore 48 (US). found on the volcanic part of Babeltlaob Island. SPECIMESS SEEN.-Caroline Islands: Palau: without locality, .licalyphu amentacea var. palauensis Fosberg, Ledermann 14072 (B); Cheatham I63 (US, BISH, UC). new variety Kayangl: Ngajangl I., Gressitt 15 (US), 35 (US). Gatulel-to, Ailai-son, Hosokaiva 730i (Fo). Auluptagel: (Oropusyakaru), .4cci/)f1/1n jrnticoco seiiFu Kanehira [noti Forskal, F1. Aegypt., Hwcoknua 9096 (A); Orokusva~;aru-ii~iFoku,Hosokawa 9783 161, 17751. (.4);Ngerengchol, Lee Marvin Beach, Cape Pkula-heap, 1 rn, .lco/~p/~ngi.ciiit/is seiisu auct. blicr. [non Bentham in Hooker, Canfield 452 (US). Aulong I., Salsedo I2 (US). Aulupse’el: Lond. Jour. Bot., 2:232, 18431. N\V end, Stone 4538 (BISH, US); Sgerebe’ed beach, E end, 2 m, E‘osberg $if77 (US, BISH); Du’ebachel beach. 2 m, Frutes partibus junioribus tomentulosis vel Fosberg 4y451 (US, BISH). Peliliu: Emnzons 58 (US, BISH); strigulosis, periantho masculo leviter puberulo, S end of E side, “Purple Beach,” 0-2 rn, Fosberg 26007 1obi s br ac tear u in f oenii near 11 in (5-) 5 -9 ova t is vel (US, BISH); S part near NE end of airstrip, Fosberg 47637 lanceolatis glabris vel strigosis. Type: Palau Is. (US. holotype); Sgdlkol \illage, 2 in. Forbrrg 4i633 (US. BISH). Angaur: S/c/.iedo 356 (US); roadside midway between Peliliu, Fosbcrg 476 ii (US, holotype). Lake A and Lake D, 10 m, Ca?i/ie/d 202 (US). Sonsorol: Shrub, young stems sparsely to densely strigulose Hni-dy I25 (CS, BISH); Beri-y 28 (US, BISH). or appressed puberulent; leaves broadly ovate, rounded to subcordate or cordate at base, acumi- Acalypha amentacea var. heterotricha Fosberg, nate, margins rather coarsely crenate-serrate, both new variety surfaces very sparsely appressed hirsute mostly on ner\-es to almost glabrous, petioles thinly strigose Frutex pubescens, partibus junioribus hirsutis to almost glalirous; stipules narrowly ovate-acumi- pilibus brevibus vel longis mistis, stipulis ellipticis nate to linear-subulate, glabrous to lightly sericeous, vel oblongis valde acuininatis, periantho inasculo allout 1 cni long: staminate spikes slender, longer glabro, rhachitlibiis spicorum dense liirsutulis, lobis or shorter than lea.i.es, rachis tomentulose or puberu- hr ac t ear um foe m i ne ai-uiii (7-)9 1anceol a ti s 11 i rs u tis lent with appressed or incurved hairs, bracts shorter adpressis. Type: Palau Is.: Babeldaob, Fosberg than flowers, :icuminate, peiianth sparsely pilo- TO576 (US, holotype, isotypes; BISH, isotype). sulous; pistillate spikes from much shorter than Sparsely branched pubescent shrub to 3 m tall, leaves antl slendei-, to as long as or exceeding leaves young stems densely covered with a mixture of and quite stiff, rachis sparsely to densely tomentu- appressed and erect sharply pointed hairs of varying lose, flowers sparse to crowded, bracts sparsely to lengths; leaves o\.al or broadly elliptic, sharply and densely strigose, lobes (5)5-9, ovate to lanceolate, prominently acuminate, base subcordate to cordate, glabrous to somewhat strigose especially on nerves margins finely serrate, ciliate, upper surface rvith 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY sparse scattered large hairs, those on veins smaller, (US, BISH, K), 237 (US, BISH, K); Melot, Hosokawa 8344 under surface more densely hairy, especially on (BISH). Lukunor Atoll Anderson 2099 (US, BISH, Fo) (sterile nerves, petioles 5-8 cm long, densely pubescent, young plant, atypical in broad stipules possibly because nerves 5-7 from base, pinnate above; stipules oblong young). to elliptic, 1-2 cm long, 3-4 mm wide, thin, strongly acuminate, falcate, appressed to erect pilose within Acalypha amentacea var. velutina (Muller-Argau) and without, erect hairs near margins and on lower Fosberg, new combination part of midrib, staminate spikes densely flowered, 4-15 cm long, slender, rachis densely hirsute, bracts Acalypha grandis var. uelutina Muller-Argau, Flora, 47:441, 1864. densely hirsute without and on margin, triangular, Acalypha angatensis Blancho, F1. Filip., 750, 1837. scarcely exceeding flowers, perianth glabrous; pis- Acalypha tomentosa Blanco, F1. Filip., 750, 1837. tillate spikes on separate branches or distal on same branch with staminate, 5-22 cm long, rachis densely Leaves, ovate, rounded to subcordate at base, hirsute, flowers and subtending bracts separated to strongly but gradually acuminate, plant strongly almost touching, bracts appressed hirsute without, tomentose, velutinous, and rarely with long stiff especially on nerves, glabrous within (7-)9-lobed, hairs, under surface of leaves softly pubescent, espe- lobes lanceolate, middle one longest, the outermost cially on nerves, upper surface pubescent on nerves; very short, ovary and fruit shortly hirsute-pilose. stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, tomentose. This is the only collection of Acalypha amentacea Merrill (1918:227) equates this with Acalypha from the volcanic part of Palau, and it is strikingly angatensis Blanco and Acalypha tomentosa Blanco. distinct in its indument from the common var. It was referred to Acalypha grandis as a variety by palauensis from the limestone areas. Muller-Argau. Actually there is no Acalypha grandis (Acalypha amentacea var. grandis) in the Philip- SPECIMENSmh..-Caroline Islands: Palau: Babeldaob, west side, Ngerumongui, on savanna slopes on bauxitic soil, pines. Acalypha amentacea is very variable there, 23 Nov 1968, Fosberg 50576 (US, holotype, isotypes, BISH, and includes the specimen, M.R. 333, that Merrill isotype). uses to illustrate Blanco’s Acalypha angatensis. Plants with narrow, gradually acuminate leaves, velvety young growth and under sides of leaves, Acalypha amentacea var. trukensis almost all from Luzon, seem to be separable and (Pax & Hoffmann) Fosberg, new status to correspond with Muller-Argau’s A. grandis var. Acalypha trukensis Pax & Hoffmann, Pflr., IV, 147(XVI): 151, velutina, basionym of A. amentacea var. velutina 1924. (Muller-Argau) Fosberg. Leaves orbicular, subcordate to cordate, upper as SPECIMENSSEEN.-Luzon: central, Loher 4675 (US); Benguet well as lower surfaces of leaves with some hair, Prov.: without locality, Basani 15882 (US); Baguio, Topping 246 (US); Elmer 5924 (US); Mearns 2525 (US). Union Prov.: pubescence of petioles and young parts of long, stiff, Bauang, Elmer 5727 (US): Abra Prov.:Mt. Posuey, Rantos erect hairs; stipules linear subulate, lightly serice- 26974 (US). Cagayan Prov.: without locality, Castillo 22727 ous; staminate spikes slender, loosely flowered; pis- (US). (Province not indicated) Nueva Viscaya, near Quiaugau, tillate with longer peduncles than usual, floriferous Merrill 156 (US); Batanes Is.: Sabtan, McGregor 10161 (US). portion equalling or shorter than peduncle, bracts broadly triangular cordate, sparsely pilose, teeth 7, Acalyphu amentacea ssp. wilkesianu triangular subulate. (Muller-Argau) Fosberg, Differs from var. grandis principally in the stiff, new combination, new status yellowish pubescence on young growth and petioles, and in the less pubescent lower leaf surfaces. Acalypha wilkesiana Miiller-Argau in de Candolle, Prodr., 15(2):817, 1866. SPECIMENSSEm.-Caroline Islands: Truk: Tol, 150-200 m, Kanehira 1284 (US, NY); To1 Island, Uriribot, Hosokawa Shrub, much branched, twigs with short inter- 8254 (A); Moen Island, Tunuk District, Spence 434 (BISH); nodes, condensed toward apices, closely puberulent, Natusima [Dublon Island], Hosokawa 6526 (A, BISH); Takamatsri i0 (BISH); Zogeyasi-hayasi, Hosokawa 655’4 (Fo); leaf-scars prominent, reniform, narrow horizontal central part of Ulalu Island, 100 ft [30 m], Wong 237A stipule scars at sides, circular or broad horizontally NUMBER 45 11 elliptic inflorescence or branchlet scars above; leaves much longer than the lateral ones, and the bracts with blades very broadly ovate to suborbicular, being less hairy. The leaves are variable and tend cordate to more usually subcordate, up to 15 cm X to be distorted, with the veins drawn down to the 13 cm, apex prominently acuminate but acumen petiole. hfany garden forms are known, such as the with a rounded or etnarginate tip, five main veins following: from base, midrib with about 4 pairs of suboppo- site pinnate nerves, main nerves connected with Acalypha amentacea ssp. wilkesiana f. ladder-like tertiary veins, intervals filled with net- circinata ( Muller-Argau) Fosberg, work of decreasing prominence, margins serrate- new combination, new status crenate with low, very obtusely pointed crenations, points and sinuses both terminating branch veinlets Acalypha wilkesiana f. circinata Muller-Argau in de from the shallowly scalloped marginal vein formed Candolle, Prodr., 15(2):819, 1866.-Pax and Hoffman, PBr. by anastomosing nerves, each point somewhat I\‘, 14i(XV1):154, 1924. glandular thickened and with a small straight hair Leaves much distorted, broadly cordate but or seta, easily caducous; stipules ovate, very strongly drawn down to petiole, arcuate, petiole very short, acuminate; spikes dark red, slender, 4-10 cm long, blades usuallj green with white borders. strongly ascending, the staminate much fewer and Occasionally planted in Micronesia, as in Yap below the pistillate on the branchlet, staminate and Nauru. Said to have been introduced into Yap buds in dense sessile clusters, rather close together by the Germans. on rachis, pistillate spikes with flowers single, alter- nate and opposite, each subtended by broadly ovate-cordate somewhat glandular bract, this with Acalypha arnentacea varieties a large ovate terminal tooth and 3 or 4 much smaller ovate teeth on each side, these becoming Tl‘hat seem to be other varieties of this species are slightly smaller toward the base, ovary densely known from Ponape (G/a\5maj7 2916 (BISH, US)) white-hirsute slightly shorter than bract, styles 3, and from the Gilbert Islands ant1 Nauru. They are deeply filiform-fimbriate, 5-8 fimbrils on each as yet not well characterized and should be further branch, these up to about 5 mm long; no fruit collected and studied. seen setting. The type, ITS. Expl. Exp. from “Feejee” (US), Acalypha cardiophylla Merrill does not differ much from this description except that it shows a peculiar contraction of the basal part Acalypha cardiophylla Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci., 1 (suppl.): 80, 1906. of nerves often seen in cultivated specimens. Acalypha catzrrus sensu auct. [non Blume, Bijdr., 629, 18261. This plant, f. z~iilkesiana, is known throughout hficronesia and the rest of the tropics in cultivation This species was described from the Philippines. but it is not known in an indigenous wild state any- Acalypha cardiophylla hlerrill seems to be the where. It apparently persists after cultivation and oldest unequivocal name for it. It has generally establiqhes small seedling populations which tend been called Acalypha catuiur Blume, but this is an to “revert,” losing the characters of colored and illegitimate supei fluous name, as Acalypha rpicigera deformed leaves which distinguish it from A. L. was cited as a synonym. The var. cardiophylla is amentacea ssp. amentacea. Such plants have been knolvn fi om the Philippines and posSibly elsewhere collected in Tl’ailau Valley, LIolokai, Hawaiian Is. in hfalesia. It is not at all closel) related to the (Degcner 8381(US)) and Rota, Marianas (Necker Acalypha an7entatea complex. RB(US)), both determined by A.C. Smith as A. gi~nrli,~.Smith (1952:391) distinguishes A. wilke- .c.iana from A. g~~~ndi.con the basis of much shorter Acalypha cardiophylla var. ponapensis petioles often flattened at apex, and colored leaves. (Kanehira & Hatusima) Fosberg, The dentation of the bracts on the pistillate spikes new combination, new status is also rather distinctive, the teeth being fewer and Acalypha poizapensis Kanehira and Hatusima, Bot. Mag. broader than in most other varieties, the apical one Tokyo, 54:434, 1940. 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

This variety differs from var. cardiophylla princi- Of these we are treating C. wakamatsui as a variety pally in being essentially glabrous. The bracts sub- of C. inophyllum and C. cholobtaches as a synonym tending the pistillate flowers are minute, triangular; of the widespread C. soulattri Burman f. the pedicels of the staminate flowers are short, 1 mm Dr. P. F. Stevens is permitting us to publish a or less long. new species, C. pelewensis Stevens, resulting from It is endemic in Ponape. his as yet unpublished monographic studies of the genus Calophyllum. CELASTRACEAE (including HIPPOCRATEACEAE) Calophyllum inophyllum L.

Loeseneriella A.C. Smith Calophyllum inophyllum L., Sp. Pl., 513, 1753. Loeseneriella macrantha (Korthals) A.C. Smith This is a widespread and familiar Indo-Pacific strand and lowland tree, often planted as a shade Loeseneriella macrantha (Korthals) A. C. Smith, Am. Jour. tree or ornamental. Its var. inophyllum has large Bot., 28:439, 1941.-Ding Hou, Blumea, 12:31-32, 1963; globose fruits and is fairly uniform. In Palau an F1. Males., I, 6:398, 1964 endemic upland form seems varietally distinct. Hippocratea macrantha Korthals, Kruidk. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. Ind. 187, pl. 39, 1839-1842. Calophyllum inophyllum var. wakamatsui Loeseneriella macrantha (Korthals) A.C. Smith var. (Kanehira) Fosberg & Sachet, macrantha new combination, new status

Extends from Ceylon through Malesia to the New Calophyllzciri wakamatsui Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, Hebrides, not known from Micronesia. 48:401, 1934. This upland population in Babeldaob Island, Loeseneriella niacrantha var. palauica (Loesener) Palau, has smaller, more leathery leaves and some- Fosberg, new combination what smaller slightly elongate or ovoid fruits. Dr. P. F. Stevens (pers. comm.) does not separate this Hippocratea ntacrantha var. palauica Loesener, Bot. Jahrb., from var. inophyllum, but we found it to have a 63:274, 1930. different appearance in the field and the Palauans Found in Palau, Yap, and Truk. consider it distinct, calling it esmolech while var. A. C. Smith (1941:439), when he established the inophyllum is called btaches. genus Loeseneriella A. C. Smith with L. macuzntha SPECIMENSSEEN.-Caroline Islands: Palau: Babeldaob: (Korthals) A. C. Smith as type, mentioned that Aimeliik, Kanehira 2326 (FU), 200 m, 2343 (FU, holotype); Loesener had published a variety of Hippocratea Airai area beyond airfield, Cheatham 181 (US); between wzacmntha from Palau, but made no comment on Nekken and Ngatpang, Cheatham 188 (US); Airai Dam Site, Fisher I35 (US); 2 miles [3.2 m] on road to Nekken from it. Neither in Blumea (12:31-32, 1963) nor in Flora Airai, Salsedo 317 (US); Ogiwaru, Takamatsu 1430 (US, Malerianu (I, 6:399, 1964), where he treated LoeJe- BISH); Marukiyoku (Melekiok), Takamatsu 1704 (US, BISH); neriella macrantha, did Hou make any mention or Lake Ngardok, 25 m, Fosberg 32526 (US, BISH); Takamatsu disposition of the variety palauica. Hence we are 13Z7 (US, BISH). transferring it to the correct genus. Calophyllum pelewense P.F. Stevens, new species GUTTIFERAE (= CLUSIACEAE) Calophyllunt cholobtaches auct. [non Lauterbach, Bot. Jahrb. 59:20, 19241.-Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 45:329, 1931; F1. Calophyllum L. Micronesica, 233, fig. 105, 1933; Jour. Dept. Agric. Kyushu Imp. Univ., 4:370, 1935. Three species of Calophyllum L. have been re- ported from Micronesia, C. inophyllum L., C. waka- A speciebus aliis Calophylii in gemma terminali matsui Kanehira, and C. cholobtaches Lauterbach. parva 1-2.5 mm longa, innovationibus axillaribus NUMBER 45 13 cicatricibus basalibus ornatis, lamina mediocra with rather prominent, distant venation, flowers elliptica vel ovata costa infra elevata cum 6-10 with 8-11 tepals, and fruits of moderate size (ca. nervis per 5 mm, inflorescentiis cum internodiis 1.5 cm long). infimis 0-2 mm longis, et floribus cum 8-11 tepalis, Specimens of Calophpllum pelewense have been differt. labeled C. cholobtaclies (equals C. soulattri), but the Type: Palau, ,July-Aug. 1929, Kanehira 386 (4, two species are not at all close. Calophyllum sou- holotype; BISH, NY, isotypes). lattrz has a longer terminal bud, a greenish drying Arbor; truncus et cortex haud cogniti. Ramulus lamina, a branched inflorescence, flowers with four compianatus, 1.52 mm in transverso, valde 4- tepals, and a spherical fruit with a thick, compact, angulatus vel subalatus, in siccitate brunneus, outer layer. glaber; par superius gemmarum axillarium rotun- SPEcImNs SEm.-Caroline Islands: Palau: without locality, datum, ca. 0.5 mm longum, effusum; gemma ter- Ledernmn I4489 (B, K); Kanehira 386 (A, holotype; BISH, minalis corpulenta 1-2.5 mm longa indumento NY, isotypes). Babeldaob: Garasumao, Takamatsu 1556 breve appresso griseo praedita. Petiolus 0.9-1.5 cm (BISH, US); Aimiriik, Kanehira 1984 (US, NY, K, P); longus, supra vadose et anguste vel late concavus, Hosokawa 7216 (BISH): Armatin, 8 m, Takamatsu 1525 infra convexus, glaber; lamina elliptica vel ovata, (BISH); Airai, Kanehii-a 2380 (SY);Sgerikill River, Fisher 25 (IYS), 55 (US). Koror: Raymundus 334 (WRSL). raro obovata, 3.5-10.2 cm longa et 2.1-4.9 cm lata, apice acuininata raro plus minusve rotundata, basi acuta vel attenuata, margine unclulata leviter recur- Calophyllum .sozdattri Burman f. vata, coriacea, glaber, costa supra e basi sensim Caloplzylluni soulattri, Burman f., F1. Ind., 121, 1768. angustata, haud vel leviter depressa, 0.35-0.6 mm Calophyllunz cholobtaches Lauterbach, Bot. Jahrb., 59: 20, lata in medio laminae, infra elevata, plus minusve 1924. striata, nervis lateralibus utrinque manifestis, ele- vatis, 5-10 nervis per 5 mm sub angulo 55-70' e Dr. P. F. Stevens (below) informs us that Calo- costa divergentibus. Inflorescentiae e axillis foliatis phylluna cholobtnches, described as a Palau en- pope apices ramulorum ortae, raro terminales, dem i c, i s in cl is t i ngu i s h a bl e from the widespread cum 9-17 floribus, haud ramosae; axes 1.3-8 cm C. soulattri known from southeast Asia, the Philip- longi, basi indumento puberulo praediti, inter- pines, Malesia, New Guinea, and 1Ielanesia. This nodio infimo 0-2 mm longo; bracteae subovatae, is not an unusual distribution pattern for a Palau circa 3.5 mm longae, mox deciduae; pedicelli 1-2.5 plant. Dr. Stevens will designate 1,crlei ~naiziz14251 cin longi, glabri. Flos hermaphroditus (?); tepala (IZ'RSL, fragment) as lectotype of C. cholobtache.f 8-1 1, duobus exterioribus late ovatis circa 4 mm 1.auterbach. This specimen is the only one of those longis et latis, pilis brevibus fimbriatis, tepalis in- originally cited that is fertile and it clearly agrees terioribus obovatis 5.5-6 mm longis et 3.5-4.5 mm with the description; the other specimens were col- latis, glabris; stamina 125-230, filamentis circa 3 mm lected by Rayniundus. longis, antheris suboblongis, 0.8-1 mm longis apici- SP~CIXIENSSrrs.--C;iroline Islantl~: Palau: Koror: Leder. bus retusis; ovarium circa 2 mm longum, glabrum; //innn If25/ (IVRSL); Uruhthapel, Dutlofi 80 (US). stylus circa 2.2 mm longus; stigma peltatum, 0.7-1.2 mm in transverso, 3-radiatum. Fructus probabi- t Garcinia L. liter ellipsoideus (valde oppressus), circa 1.5 cm longus et 1 cm latus, apice rotundatus, in siccitate Garcinia ponapensis Lauterbach rugosus; stratum exterius circa 0.5 mm crassum; putamen parietibus circa 0.2 mm crassis, laevibus. Garcinia ponapensi5 Lauterbach, Bot. Jahrb. 59:21, 1924. Endemic to Palau, Calophglliini pelewense has been collected on river banks at the landward edges Garcinia ponapensis var. trulzensis (Kanehira) of in a ngrove s . Fosberg, new combination, new status Calophgllzrm pelewense may be recognized by its Garcinia trukensis Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 46:488, 1932. very short terminal bud, axillary innovations with basal scars and axillary inflorescences with a short This plant is at most a variety of G. ponnpensi.5 basal internode, usually elliptic to ovate leaf blades differing in slightly narrower, more oblong leaves. 14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY fruit less strongly ribbed and not umbonate. Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Kanehira cited two of his own collections, the first Fosberg & Sachet, new variety of which Kanehiru 1269 (FU, US) is here designated as lectotype. Frutex vel arbor parva, folii costa utrinque glabra vel subglabra, stigmatibus 6-7 subsessilibus. Type: Ngarakabesang, Fosberg 25668 (holotype, US; iso- Garcinia rumiyo Kanehira types, BISH, L).

Garcinia rumiyo Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 45:329, 1931. Small tree or large shrub; leaves broadly ovate or elliptic to oblong, usually about 10 X 6 cm, on This species has been known from Yap and Palau, East growing shoots or branches to 20 X 10 cm, where it is not common but is frequently found. bluntly acuminate, rounded at base, margins ob- Examination shows that the plants from Yap (type scurely or markedly crenate to serrate-crenate, locality) and Palau are varietally separable. blades subcoriaceous when mature, midrib glabrous or subglabrous on both sides, petioles 7-1 1 mm long; Garcinia rumiyo Kanehira var. rumiyo racemes about 1 cm long; sepals glabrous without; fruit depressed globose, about 8 mm high, 10 mm Endemic to Yap. wide, subtruncate at both ends, 6-7 lobed, at least when dry, with a horizontal constriction at about middle, the 6-7 stigmas subsessile, in a ring or Garcinia rumiyo var. calcicola Fosberg, ellipse when mature or almost so. new variety The Palau and Truk specimens of F. rukam differ Arbor foliis ad 11 X 6 cm, petiolis crassis, pedi- significantly from those from Indonesia, Melanesia, cellis 3 mm longis, fructibus 15 mm longis, calicis and Samoa in the glabrous or subglabrous midribs 10 mm latis. Type: Palau: Kgelobel, H. Owen 5 of the leaves and in the subsessile stigmas on the (US, holotype). summit of the fruit. The non-Micronesian speci- Small tree, to 10 m tall, leaves somewhat larger mens examined have definite styles up to 1 mm than in Yap plants, blades to 11 x 6 cm; pedicels long. We have not seen the specimen (Kanehira about 3 mni long. fruit 1.5 cm long, fruiting calyx 1542) reported from Ponape; but we have seen two 10 mm across. sterile sheets from there, collected by Tukamatsu Apparently confined to rough limestone substrata, (822, 822-A) that are probably var. micronesica. endemic to the southern half of Palau. This variety is found in secondary forests and SmcIvENs Srr:r.-Caroline Islands: Palau: without locality, thickets, at low elevations in Palau, rather higher Richardson 36 (US). Limestone Islands, without further lo- in Truk. cality, Dutton 97 (US, BISH, L); Ngelobel, H. Owen 5 (US, SPECIMENSSEEN.-Caroline Islands: ’ Palau (Pelew): with- liolotype); Trukodokorokke, coral island, Takamnt.su I150 out locality, Kanehira 352 (US) (fruit). Babeldaob: IBISH, US). Koror, Kanehira 1890 (FU, US), 350 (FU); Hoso- Ngarekalong, Takainatsu 1674 (BISH); Ngatpng, Takamatsu knrcia 9791 (US). Aulupse’el, Dii’ebachel Beach, 2 m, Fosberg 1311 (BISH); Arukodokorokke, Takamatsu 1145 (BISH); 4if61 US). Peliliu, Knnrhira 24-19 IFU). Ngersuul, Ngchesar, Emnions 81 (US); Arumizu, Hosokawa YO82 (US); Arumonogui, near Arumatan, Hosokawa 6758 FLACOURTIACEAE (A, BISH). Koror: Kanehira 343 (BISH, 2 sheets); Ngermid, Snlsedo 307 (US); Mt. Kororu, Hosokawa 9800 (US). Ngarakabesang (Arakabesan): Takamatsu 125.2~(BISH); west Flacourtia Commerson ex L’Heritier side near old Japanese seaplane base, 1-20 m, Fosberg 25668 (US, holotype; BISH, L, isotypes) (fruit); west penin- Flacourtia rukam Zollinger & Moritzi sula of Ngarakabesang, 10-20 m, Fosberg 32471 (US). Aulupse’el (Olopshakal): Takamatsu 1489 (BISH); Du’ebechel Flacourtia rukam Zollinger & Moritzi, Svst. Verh., 33, 1854. beach, 2 m, Fosberg 47443 (US, BISH) (seedling). Urukthapel: This species has been reported from Palau, Truk, \Vest peninsula near old cultured pearl establishment, 2-10 ;md Ponape. We have studied a series of collections m, Fosberg 32147 (US) (pistillate flowers); limestone islet, Dutton 101 (US, BISH, K) (sterile, Palauan name “emeong”). from Micronesia and find that they differ, at least Peliliu: Kn?iehira 2632 (US) (fruit). Angaur: East side, 3-5 varietally, from the typical 1 ariety, which is known m, Fosberg 31994 (US, BISH, MO). Kasioru, Takamatsu 1516 from nlalesia and Samoa. (BISH). Truk Is.: without locality, Takaniatsu 6 (BISH); NUMBER 45 15

Kanehzra 129f (US) (staminate flowers). Moen: Takamatsu name for what has been called Bruguiera con- 2f5 (BISH, 3 sheets); Mt. Trokken (Wara), Hosokawa 8407 jugata (L.) Lamarck is B. gymnorhiza Lamarck (as (BISH); track to highest part of island, 100400 m, Evans gymnorrhiza). 1268 (US, BISH, NY). Dublon (Natsushima): Takarnatsu 162 (BISH); upper ridges and top of Mt. Tolomen (Tolo- wan) 200-360 m. Fosberg 24544~ (US, BISH, L, MO, Fo) MELASTOMATACEAE (joung fruit), (Trowasi) Mt. Troman (Tolomen), Hose- kawa 8510 (US, .A) (staminate flowers). Fefan: Mt. Tuktyap, Hosokawa 8385 (.4,BISH). TO]:Suiyo-to, Hosokawa 8319 Medinilla Gaudichaud (BISH, ,A). Ponape: Toleailuka, Takarnatsu 822 (BISH), 822 .4 (BISH). Medinilla medinilliana (Gaudichaud) Fosberg & Sachet, new combination CUCURBITACEAE Melastoma medinilliana Guadichaud, Bot. Voy. Uranie 69, Citrullus Schrader 1826. Medinilla rosea Gaudichaud, Bot. Voy. Uranie, Tab. 106, Citrullus lanatus var. caffrorum (Alefeld) 1829, 484, 1830. Fosberg, new combination Gaudichaud (1826:69), used the name Melastoma Cifrulliis vulgaris var. caflrorum Alefeld, Landwirth. FI., medinilliana accompanied by a few words of de- 210, 1866. scription, effecting valid publication of the bino- Cucirrbita raflra Ecklori & Leyher, Coll. Sem. 1833. mial. Later he (1 830:484) described Medinilla Cilrullits caffer Schrader, Linnaea 10, Lit. Ber., 109, 1834. rosea, placing Melastoma medinilliana in synonymy. Citritllits lanatit.t var. cafler (Schrader) Mansfeld, Die The earlier ,epithet must be restored (ICBN Art. 11). Kul~urpllanre.kill., 2:422, 1962. Var. cagrorum Alefeld here lectotypified by Cucurbita cagra Ecklon & Zeyher seems to be the Melastoma L. earliest varietal epithet for the common red-fleshed Melastoma malabathricuna var. mariannum cultivated watermelon. It has not apparently been (Naudin) Fosberg & Sachet, transferred to Citrullus lanatus the oldest specific new combination, new status name for what has usually been called Citrullus vulgaris Schrader. Melastoma mariannum Naudin, ,41111. Sci. Nat. 111 Bot., 13:276, 1849.

Zehneria Endlicher The differences between M. malabathricum and its immediate relatives, including M. mariannum, Zehneria guamensis (Merrill) Fosberg, seem trivial, and several of these entities merit, at new combination most, varietal rank. M. mariannum has white Melothria guamensis Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9: 151-152, flowers and a small few-flowered inflorescence. 1914. Studies by Charles Jeffrey (1962:342-344) indicate ARALIACEAE that the genus Melothria L. occurs only in America. The Pacific island species belong to Zehneria. Osmoxylon Miquel

Osmoxylon Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Batav. 1:5, 1863. RHIZOPHORACEAE Boerlagiodendron Harms in Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 111, 81:31-32, 1894. Bruguiera Lamarck Philipson (1976) demonstrated that in all proba- Bruguiera gymnorhiza f. alba (Stone) bility Boerlagiodendron Harms is congeneric with Fosberg, new combination the previously poorly known Osmoxylon Miquel. He does not treat the Micronesian species. Accept- Rrugiriera conjugata f. alba Stone, Pac. Sci. 13: 102, 1959. ing his conclusion, we here provide the new com- Hou (1958:453, 463) has shown that the correct binations for the Micronesian species in Osmoxy- 16 SMITHSOSIAN COSTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY lon, and describe one new species to replace a rounded to acute, petiole angular in cross section at misidentification current in Micronesian literature. least when dried, 80-100 cm long; base swollen with 2-5 thin, entire, nonpectinate, transverse wings or flanges (petiolar crests); stipules clasping, bifid, Osmoxylon mariannense (Kanehira) lobes ovate, acute or acuminate, 1.5-2.5 cm long; Fosberg & Sachet, new combination inflorescence a sessile or very shortly pedunculate Roe, lagzodendron niai iannense Kanehira, F1. Micr., 288, hemisplierical compound umbel of many trifid rays, 1933; Bot. Mag. Tok\o, 47:676, 1933. these to 15 cm long, lowest internode lenticellate, up to 5 cm long, subtended by a linear hard bract with Endemic to Rota, Marianas, first collected by a thin white margin, with 2 such bracts at summit, hfarche (264 P, US), but the species remained un- subtending the 2 outer rays, outer rays 6-8 cm long described until 1933, when it was based on Kanehira of 2 internodes, the lower 1.5-2 cm long with 2 1773,1774 (FU, syntypes). ovate-lanceolate bracts at summit, upper 4-5 cm long, ending in a tight subcapitate umbel or head Osmoxylo~itruucatum (Kanehira) of hermaphrodite flowers on extremely short pedi- Fosberg & Sachet, new combination cels, attached to an ellipsoid-capitate receptacle or enlargement of the summit of the ray, central ray Iloerlagiodendron trrincatiim Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, very short, 0.5 to at most 1 cm long, ending in an 48:403, fig. 2, 1934. umbel of about 10-12 “sterile bacciform flowers” Known only from Aimeliik in the southwest part these on slender pedicels up to 5 mm long; perfect of Babeldaob, Palau, Kanehim 2364 (FU, holotype) flowers with calyx reduced to a persistent fleshy and 2303 (FU). ring, corolla cylindric to cylindric-campanulate, gamopetalous, 3-4 mm long, leathery, lobes 4-5, 1 mm long, ovate, incurved, tips slightly hooked, Osmoxyloti pachyphyllum (Kanehira) stamens 4-5 strongly exserted, filaments rather Fosberg & Sachet, new combination thick, basally attached, hooked at the slender tip, h’ori Ingiodendrou $acli~phslltimKanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, anthers oblong, attached near base; disk elevated, 48:401, 1934. star-like with wide blunt points, in the center a ring Known from Babeldaob Island, Palau, described of 5-6 oval stigmas depressed in center; fruit turbi- from 3 syntype collections, Aimeliik, Kanehira nate to broadly obovoid, deeply 5 lobed, 6-8 mm 2301,2311, and 2452 (all FU). long; sterile flowers pea-like, 5-8 mm diameter, with 3 radiating abortive locules. This species was indicated as amply distinct from Osmoxylon oliveri Fosberg & Sachet, new species Osmoxylon pitlchenimzim Vidal ex F.-Villar (with which it has been equated up to now) by our as- Iloerlngioderidron piilrherriiniim sensu Kanehira, F1. Micr., 185, fig. 143, 1933 [non OsnioxyIon pulcherrimum Vidal sistant, Nr. Royce Oliver, to whom we have dedi- ex F.-Villar, Sovis. App., 102. 18801. cated it. TVith an ample series of collections it has been possible to draw up a rather full description. Arbor parva, folk grandis reniformis 11-13 The most obvious distinctions from 0. pukherri- lobatis glabris, alis basalibus petioli integris non niitnz are in the pedicellate baccifom sterile flowers, pectinatis, umbella multiradiata bracteis linearibus in the entire, nonpectinate petiolar flanges and the vel o\.atis acuminatis inarginibus non-fimbriatis, nonfimbriate bracts. From Osmoxylon pachyphyl- floribus bacciformibus sterilibus pedicellatis. Ium, it is distinguished by thinner leaves with many Type: Palau: Babeldaob, Cheatham 54 (US, holo- more lobes. It is, so far as known, endemic to Palau, type; BISH, NY, L, Fo, isotypes). mostly on Koror and Babeldaob islands. Tree to 5 m tall, unbranched (always?), leaves with blades reniform to somewhat orbicular, SPIc 1111 \s Sr.rx.-Caroline Islands: Palau: withorit local- i[i, Clipntiicii~i ii (CS), /Oi (t.S); Richardson 55 (US). glabrous, deeply 11-13 lobed, 50 cm or more in Dabrldaoh: DiilioJi 7f ((3,BISH), Cizentham 8 (US);Mari- diameter, lobes elliptic to lanceolate, apices of lobes kyoku, Kanehira 2057 (FU) (sterile, could conceivably be 0. obtuse to acute or acuminate, basal sinus deep, lvioicotiiin); Ogiwal. Knriehirn 2065 (FU), 2066 (FC), Dudiii’s NUMBER 45 17 homestead near boundary between Ngeremlengui and including in the large pantropical genus Pouteria Sgardmau, below 300 ft [90 m] Cheatham 54 (CS, holotype; Aublet the Pacific species described in Sideroxylon BISH, NY, L, Fo, isotypes); Ngerremlengui, Cheathain I07 L., and usually comprising the genus Planchonella (US, BISH, Fo), 108, 109, I10 (all US), Ill (US, BISH, Fo), Ngliaklolubed, old Japanese botanical garden site, Fosberg Pierre. This in spite of the opinion of van Royen 32332 (US, BISH, Fo), west coast, 1 m, Fosberg 32435 (US, (1957:239), who separates Planchonella from BISH); Sgaraard Slun., on tributary of Ngereakl River, Pouteria on the basis of the relative thickness of 0.8 mi [l km] SSTT of Kulotauk, 2 m, Canfield 397 (CS); the cotyledons and the albumen. All other charac- Sgerelong, 0.2 mi C0.3 km] W of Pkulrengerelong, 10 m, ters, according to van Royen, overlap. He attaches Canfield ?04 (US). Koror: Kanehira 129 (FU), 1853 (FU); considerable importance to the predominantly (cult.) “Kesiamel” Blackburn 280 (US, BISH); A‘gerbe’edesa~c, 5-10 m, “siama” k‘osberg 12379 (US, BISH). Aulupse’el: American distribution of Pouteria and the pre- Risong, Matuker Bay. south side of island, 10-15 m, dominantly Pacific distribution of Planchonella. “kesiamel,” k‘otbel-g 47560 (US, BISH), Our present impression is that the single clear dif- ference between the two is insufficient for generic MYRSINACEAE separation. We are not adamant in this opinion and will reconsider the matter critically when pre- Myrsine L. paring the treatment of the family for the Flora. The classification of the Sapotaceae is in a most un- Ji)rsirie L . Len P1 eti. 7. 90, 1754 [15i3]. satisfactory state and no disposition can be regarded IZapanea 4ublet, Hist. P1. Guiane Franc., 1:121, t. 46, 1775. as very stable at present. We are making, however, Following the study by Hosaka (1940) and our two new combinations that are needed for con- own further consideration (1975:3-11) of the Poly- sistent use of Pouteria for plants of this affinity in nesian species, we regard Rapanea Aublet as insuffi- Micronesia. ciently distinct from Myrszne L. Hence we here transfer the three Micronesian species of Rapanea Pouteria calcarea (Hosokawa) Fosberg, to Myrsine. new combination

Myrsine carozinensis (Mez) Fosberg & Sachet, 5rderoxylon calcareicin Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. new combination Formosa 32:li, 1942. Planchonella? calcarea (Hosokawa) 1 an Royen, Blumea, Rapnnea rarolinensis Slez, Bot. Jahrb., 56:538, 1921. 8:422. 1957. T)pe: Ponape, Lerleimann 13695 (B, 2 isotypes). This species seems closest to Pouteria micronesica but differs in its smaller leaves and 1-2 seeded Myrsine ledermannii (Mez) Fosberg & Sachet, fruits. new combination Caroline Islands: “Hab. Palau, Islet Oropsyacal [~-Iulupse’el]rare in primar) forest on a coral rocky Rnfmnea ledermnnnzi Sler, Bot. Jahrb., 56:538-539, 1921. place (Hosok. no. 9790!-Type in Herb. Taihoku Type: Ponape, Ledermann 13786 (B, 2 isotypes). Imp. Univ.-Aug. 30, 1941).” I\’e have not seen this specimen. Myrsine palnuensis (Mez) Fosberg & Sachet, new combination Pouterin micronesica (Kanehira) Rapanea fialaiiensis Slez, Bot. Jahrb. 56:539, 1921. Fosberg, new combination Type: Palau, Babeldaob, Ngatkip, Ledermann Sideroxplon micronesicurn Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 46:671, 14529 (B). 1932; F1. SIicr., 308, pl. 158, 193.3; Enum. P1. SIicr., 388, 1935. Planchonella micronesicn (Kanehira) Kanehira ex Lam, SAPOTACEAE Blumea, 5:12, 1942; Proc. 6th Pac. Science Congr., 4:681, 1910.-\an RoLen, Blumea, 8:402-404, fig. 45, 1%;. Pouteria Aublet ~,‘~i~~.\~~~~~~~~~fcri~sp? Baelini. Candollea, 0:128, 1‘342. We have consistently followed Baehni (1942) in This species is amply distinct from the widespread 18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

Pouteria obovata by the large, elliptic-oblong leaves covers the nodes in this genus, probably secreted by with strongly acuminate apices and more numerous the glandular hairs lining the inside of the collar lateral veins. (Figure 2). When, in 1942-1944, I (Fosberg) saw living in the SPECIMENSEEx.-Caroline Islands: Kusaie: without local. Colombian Andes the three genera of woody ity, Kanehira I322 (DISH, isotype). Gentianaceae subtribe Tachiineae, Macrocarpaea, Symbolanthus, and Lisianthus, I was strongly im- GENTIANACEAE pressed by their resemblance to the Indo-Pacific loganiaceous genus Fagraea Thunberg, though I did Systematic Position of the Genus Fagraea not doubt that these three genera belonged to the Gentianaceae. The genus Lisianthus serves to con- Dr. P. W. Leenhouts (pers. comm., 1976) has ques- nect the first two with more typical members of the tioned our removal of the genus Fagraea Thunberg Gentianaceae. I had not then seen Anthocleista from the Loganiaceae to the Gentianaceae (Fosberg Afzel, the African representative, and Potalia Aub- and Sachet, 1974:471-472; Sachet 1975: 18-19>, and let, the American representative of Fagraea, espe- we grant this requires some explanation. These cially a form of Potalia amara Aublet from the Rio families are usually placed close together, but seem Negro, Vaupes, Colombia (Schultes et al. 18127 to be separated on the basis of presence or absence (US), I8304 (US), and Schultes Q Lopez 9339 (US)), of stipules, primarily woody vs. herbaceous habit, which has inflorescences similar to those of Mncm- and by the Gentianaceae seldom having a baccate carpaea. These specimens incidentally, probably fruit. represent a species distinct from P. amara. However, the Gentianaceae do have woody mem- After re-examining herbarium material of the bers: Lisianthus P. Browne, Macrocarpaea Gilg, three genera of the Tachiineae listed above and of Symbolanthus G. Don, all of tropical America, and the three genera of Potalieae, our conclusion re- Gentianothamnus Humbert of Madagascar. Rus- mains that they are closely related. If the transfer bynnthur Gilg has “capsule berry-like, with a thin of the Potalieae to the Gentianaceae, which is our cartilaginous wall, rupturing irregularly” according choice, is unacceptable, we could consider transfer- to Ewan (1948:212). Also, Gentianothamnus Hum- ring the Tachiineae to the Loganiaceae, increasing bert has at the bases of the leaf or of the petiole the artificiality of the latter family. two small lobes resembling the “stipules” of Long ago, Asa Gray (1859:323) pointed out that Fagreae. the Loganiaceae is an artificial family, and that Tachia Aublet, another woody member of the Fagraea seemed to show similarities to Lisianthus Gentianaceae in South America, has a low stipular and related Gentianaceie, and to connect the latter collar (Figure 2) and traces of lobes similar to those with Rubiaceae, Orobanchaceae, and Loganiaceae. of Gentinnothamnus. That no attention has been ‘CVe are merely agreeing with him and making the paid to these may be due to the abundant gum that necessary transfer. We would suggest that the Potalieae and the Tachiineae be united to form the tribe Potalieae, which name, being the oldest with the rank of tribe, must take precedence over Tachiineae, and be transferred to the Gentianaceae. In this tribe would be included Potalia Aublet, Anth ocleista Afzel, Fagraea Thunberg, Lisiant hus L., Tachia Aublet, Tachiadenus Grisebach, Rusby- anthus Gilg, Chorisepalum Gleason and Wode- house, Macrocarpaea Gilg, and Symbalanthus Don. a b Eustoma Salisbury does not seem to belong here. Several other genera, placed in the Tachiineae by FIGURE2.-Nodes of Tachia gztianensis Aublet: a, glandular Gilg (1895:90-94), we do not exclude, but neither hairs in collar surrounding young leaves; b, older node with are we familiar enough with them to formally in- collar separate from leaf bases and surrounding flower stalks in axils. clude them. NUMBER 45 19

We are not impressed with the “naturalness” of regard as misidentifications of Guettarda speciosa. the subdivision of either the Gentianaceae by Gilg The occurrence of Fagraea on dry Onotoa Atoll (1895) or of that of the Loganiaceae by Solereder seems very unlikely. Kramer (1905: 140), referring (1892). Leenhouts (1962b:293-297) has discussed to Schumann and Lauterbach (1901), reports critically the subdivision of Loganiaceae. His classi- Fagraea morindifolia Blume, from the Marshall fication takes into account a number of lines of Islands, with the vernacular names, “wut” and evidence, and his conclusions are eminently con- “libiruk.” Schumann and Lauterbach (1901:499) servative. His circumscription of the family is tradi- record this species, quite distinct in its racemiform tional. We differ from it in the placement of the inflorescence, from the Solomon Islands, with a Potalieae. Malesian distribution, but make no mention of Micronesia or the Marshalls. Judging by the Mar- Fagraea Thunberg shallese name “wut” we believe this to be a mis- identification of Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz, Four species and one variety of Fagraea Thun- which has somewhat similar leaves. TVe have no berg have been described from western Micronesia, specimens or reliable records of Fagraea from all considered endemic. Additionally, two names in Micronesia east of Kusaie. this genus, F. berteriana and F. morindifolia, had The taxonomy of Fagraea is ‘in an unsatisfactory been used earlier. state, despite the monographic efforts of Leenhouts To the five endemic taxa we axe adding a new (1962a, 196213.) The six Micronesian taxa are obvi- one, and these six we consider to represent two ously close, but specimens can be sorted on even species: Fagiaca ksid, which is endemic on Palau, superficial characters into six piles, each with a and F. berteriana, which is a widespread Pacific definite and coherent geographic range. Workers species with five Micronesian varieties. publishing prior to 1962 unhesitatingly accepted References to Fagraea (mostly as Fragraea five species as distinct, one of them with a variety. sphalm.), published earlier than the paper by Gilg Leenhouts (1962b:335) placed all of these taxa in and Benedict (1921) and given as Fagraea sp., to the synonymy of the widespread F. berteriana, not F. berteriana A. Gray ex Bentham, or to F. morindi- recognizing any of them, not even F. ksid, at varietal folia Blume, record the genus from Nauru and the or other infraspecific rank. Gilbert Islands. To the best of our knowledge, they Fagraea ksid, with its slightly zygomorphic flowers were not based on specimens. Burges (ca. 1935:4, 5) and its oblongobovoid, somewhat dorsiventrally recorded Fagraea sp. in a manuscript list, citing a compressed fruit, held horizontally, would satisfy 1910 record by Hambruch. Burges gave no further even a moderately broad species concept. The other indication as to the source of the record. About all five, recognizably though only slightly distinct, seem one can conclude from this is that Fagraea, probably to fit very well as varieties within the broad and F. berteriana, or a plant so identified, may have polymorphic F. berteiiana Gray ex Bentham (see existed on Nauru. Fagraea sp. (written Fragraea) Fosberg and Sachet 1974:471-472, for remarks on reported by Grimble (1924:103) and Fagraea (as this species and its taxonomy). JVe are still not Fragraea) berteriana, quoted by Loumala (1953: ready to publish a treatment of this species over its 117-118) from Kramer (1906:268, 320, 351, 456) as entire range, but the Micronesian varieties seem from the Gilbert Islands, specifically Onotoa, both reasonably clear, though forming a closely related with the vernacular name, “te uri” or “to ori”, group. Mre are publishing our disposition of them commonly used in the Gilberts for Guettarda, we here so that their names may be used.

Key to the Micronesian Species of Fagraea

Calvx lobes 8-10 mm long, acute, corolla tube o\er 6 cm long, fruit oboxoid, slightlv dorsiven- trally corn pressed F. ksid Calyx lobes 3-7 mm, rounded or obtuse. Corolla tube 2-4 cm long, fruit ovoid to globose, sub- globose or ellipsoid, not at all compresed F. berterianu 20 SXIITHSOSIAN CONTRIBUTIOSS TO BOTAZIY

Fagraea berteriana A. Gray ex Bentham at each node; flowers pedicellate, very fragrant, pedicels to 15 mm long; calyx united below, with Fcigi-nra berteriann A. Gray ex Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. 5 imbricate, thin-margined rounded lobes, erect, Bot., 1:98, 1855 [1836]. then spreading; corolla salverform, fleshy-cartilagi- Carirsa grnndis Bertero ex Bentham, Jour. Linn. SOC. Bot., nous, cream-white aging yellow, tube cm long, I:;?. 118, 1857 [1836]. 2-7 Fngraea grnndis Pancher in Sebert, Sot. Bois Souv. Caled., somewhat to notably dilated in the upper part, 184, 187.1. lobes obovate, rounded distally; stamens inserted on Frcgrnen Jciclechteri Gilg & Benedict, Bot. Jahrb., 56:551, a slightly thickened ring inside the corolla tube, 1921. anthers linear; ovary ovoid, style somewhat thick- ened near base, filiform, almost equalling tube to T) pe: “Hab. In ins. Societatis (Bertero, Bidwill, somewhat exserted, stigma of two flattened lobes Hin(ls, hrcL~\),in\ Suhdlii\ a e Marquesas (Bar- erect and pressed together, then spreading; fruit cla)), in Archipelago Louisiade dicto (Xfacgilli\ra))” an ovoid to subglobose or globose, usually umbo- Bentham. The Bertero specimen is indicated as t) pe nate, not strongly beaked by style base, orange to [lectot) ~)e?]b! Leenliouts (1962a:-l20). red many-seeded berry, the skin firm and glossy, the Glabrous tree, branchlets rather flesh), tending to m;in! seeds enibetlded in fleshy pulp. be quadrangular, leaves elliptic to obovate, thin- The type locality of this species is Tahiti, and var. coriaceous to coriaceous, petiolate, petioles auricu- beq.teyiniin is not in Micronesia. In Micronesia it is late at base; inflorescence terminal, basically dich- represented by five very closely related varieties. asial, 3-4 times branched, a pair of scale-like bracts They may be keyed out as follows:

Key to the Micronesian Varieties of Fagraea berteriana 1. Petiole mod\ under 20 mni long. slightl\ \\inget1 at least abole, b\ decurrent blade 2. Cal\x lobes 3-4 (-5) mm Far, sair 2. Cal\x 3-6 mm \ ar. kusaiana 1. Petiole inostlx o\er 20 inm, not winged. 3. Corolla tube 20-27 nim long var. fiogas 3 Corolla tube 28-35 mtn long 4. Cal\u lobes 34(-3) mm long kar. galilai 4 Gal\\ lobes 4 5-7 nim long \ar. ladronica

Fagraea Derteriana var. galilai (Gilg & Benedict) Leaves broadly obovate, slightly acuminate, base Fosberg, new combination, new status cuneate, T eins somewhat prominent; petiole (12-) 1.q)o‘eo go‘iiini Lilg k Uenctlict. Bot. Jahrb.. .56:5X, 1921. 16-23 mm; calyx lobes 5(-6) mm long; corolla tube 25-39 mm long, stigma included or exserted (possi- Leaves oval to obovate-oval, rounded to very bly heterost) lous?); fruit broadly ellipsoid to sub- shortly umbonate at apex, petioles 15-30 mm long, globose or globose, 21-24 mm long, bluntly beaked. calyx lobes (3-) 3.54-5) nim long, corolla tube Close to vai. stti], but petioles longer scarcely about 28 mm long, style equalling it or slightly winged except at summit. Knou-n onlj from Kusaie. longer, fruit globose to ovoid-globose, 16-18 X T) pe: Caroline Islands: Kusaie: 5It. Buache, 20-22 mm. H o r o I<(I ic N 62SR (.I, i so t ) pe) . Known only from Palau (Truk records all seem to belong to var, pops). Fagraea berteriana var. ladronica Fosberg, Type: Palau Islands, Babeldaob: “bei Ngalkip, new variety 100 m, Mittelwdd,” Letlernianii 14476 (B, lectotype, in bud only, here designated). Planta foliis obovatis, petiolis usiter 17-30 mm longis, lobis caljcis 5-7 mm longis, tub0 corollae Fagraea berteriaiia var. kusaiaiia (Hosokawa) 31-35 mm longo, fructu globoso vel ellipsoideo, Fosberg, new combination, new status 25-30 mm longo. lag,a?ri k ucain,ia Hosokawa, Trans. Sat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, TJpe: Rota, Fosberg 25142 (US, holotype; BISH, 24.904, 1934. Fo, isotjpes). NUMBER 45 21

Leaves obovate, very slightly to not pointed, base native in Ponape, probably introduced in Kamoluk somewhat cuneate, veins quite visible, petiole (12-) and Nukuoro. 17-30 (-31) mm long, calyx lobes (4-) 5-7 mm long, Type: Caroline Islands: Ponape, “bei Palapolap corolla tube 31-35 mm, style subequal with corolla im Garten,” Ledermann 13932 (B, isotype). tube or slightly exserted; fruit globose to ovoid or ellipsoid, 25-30 mm long. Fagraea ksid Gilg & Benedict This is close to var. galilai, to which it has been referred, but differs especially in its much longer Fagraea ksid Gilg & Benedict, Bot. Jahrb., 56:552-553, 1921. calyx lobes, longer corolla tube and larger fruit. Small tree, 4-12 m tall, glabrous; leaves broadly Known from Guam and Rota in the Marianas. obovate to oval, thick, glossy, to 15 X 9 cm, rounded SITCINFTSSixs.-Marianas Islands: Rota: mi. [1.2 km] at apex, cuneate to slightly attenuate at base, veins E of Sabana 420-450 m. Fosberg 25142 (US; type; BISH, Fo, subopposite, 6-8 pairs, visible but not prominent, isot!pes); Sabana, Secker 1iS-l (US), A’ecker RSlj (US); road petioles 2-2.5 cm long, first pair on a branchlet to Sabana, 200-400 in, Sachet 1807 (US); 150-250 m. Evans tending to be reduced to obovate cataphylls; cjme 2096 (US). Guam: without locality, Anderson 136 (US); N of Almagosa, 330 m. Brjan 1-726 (SY); Mt. Lamlam, Glassman terminal several times trichotomously branched, 2ii (.I):dforan 4713 (US, Fo); 900 ft [275 m], Moore 260 with reduced leaves at first ramification and at first (US, H.4IV): llt. .Umagosa, Stone 4340 (US); 300 m, Stone ramification of central branch; flowers slightly 4109 (GUAM): Sa\al Magazine area, near Almagosa Springs, zygomorphic, pedicellate, pedicels erect, calyx lobes Stone 4S99 (GL.4JI) (corolla tube not or scarcely exserted, 8-10 mm long, obtuse, closel) erect around base of throat 22-23 mm long, lobes 12-14 mm long, fruit oval, corolla; corolla tube 6-10 cm long only very slightly slightly limbonate, 19 X 25 mm). dilated upward, lobes obovate 2.5 cm long, 1-1.6 cm wide rounded at apex; anthers included, style Fagraea berteriana var. pogas (Hosokawa) exceeding tube, stigma bilobed, exserted; pedicels in Fosberg, new combination fruit nodding and fruit either horizontal or some- what drooping, caljx spreading in fruit, berry Fagiaea sair iar. pogas Hosokawa, Bull. Biogeugr. SOC.Japan, 7:198, 1937. ellipsoidal to narrowly pyriform, dorsiventrally somewhat compressed to about 4.5 X 2 X 1 cm, Leaves obovate to oblong-obovate, petioles (16-) apex rounded but abruptly strongly beaked by the 20-30 (-35) mm long, not or scarcely winged, calyx stiff, narrow stjle-base, this 4-6 mm long, deep lobes 34 mm, corolla tube 20-25 mm long, style orange when ripe, strongly exserted, 23-30 (-38) mm long, fruit oval, Endemic to Palau, rather common on Babeldaob 15-18 mm long, with a low umbo 2-4 mm high. on weathered volcanic rock, on Koror reported by Found on Truk and in the hlortlock Atolls. collector as on limestone. The syntypes from Koror Type: Caroline Islands: Truk Group, Toll Island, Island (Ledermann 14,189, Gibbon (Kersting’s) Hosokawa 8333 (A, isotype). 1205, and Raymundus 209) were probably all de- stroyed in the ’1Vorld War 11 bombing of the Berlin herbarium. Fagraea berteriana var. sair (Gilg & Benedict) Fosberg, new combination, new status LOGANIACEAE Fagraea $air Gilg 85 Benedict, Bot. Jahrb., 56:555-557, 1921. Geiziostoma J. R. & G. Forster Leaves oblong to obovate, slightly pointed, base cuneate to slightly attenuate, petiole 7-15 (-30) mm The genus Geniostoma In the Marianas Islands long, narrowly winged by decurrent base of blade, presents much difficult) in interpietation. Plants of venation somewhat obscure but visible, calyx lobes this genus have been collected in the Marianas on (3-) 4 mm long, corolla tube 23-36 mm long, style Guam, Rota, Saipan, Alamagan, Pagan, and Agri- included to usually exserted; fruit globose or rarely gan. In all, four species have been described: G. subglobose, 25-30 mni in diameter. micianthum by A. de Candolle, G. hoefeiz by Gilg Knolvn onl) from the central eastern Carolines, and Benedict, its var. glabium and Geniostoma 22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY longistylum by Gilg and Geniostoma glaberrima by of it, at present, seems to be to make it a separate Hosokawa. In addition, Kanehira (1935:392) pro- variety of G. micmnthum. posed the name G. saipanense “in sched.” but ap- parently never published his description. These Geniostoma micranthum A. de Candolle four all represent distinguishable forms, differing mainly in hairiness or lack of it, and length of style. Geniostoma rnicranthuni A. de Candolle, Prodr., 9:27, 1845.- In leaf-shape and size and fruit size, there is also Gilg. and Benedict, Bat. Jahrb., 56:541, 1921.-Merrill, Phil. much variation but this is not well correlated with Jour. Sci. Bot., 9: 128, 1914.-Fosberg, Falanruw and Sachet, the variations in pubescence and style-length. Smithsonian Contr. Bot., 22336, 1975.-Stone, Micronesica, 63473-474, 1971 [as G. rupestre Forster]. If only the Guam plants were involved it might Geniostoma hoeferi Gilg & Benedict, Bot. Jahrb., 56:541, 1921. be possible to uphold two species, differing in sev- Geniostonm Iongist~li~ntGilg, Sotizbl., 12:221, 1934. eral characters, one, glabrous growing on the vol- Geniostoma hoeferi var. glabrum Gilg, Notizbl., 12:221, 1934. canic soil, the other, generally hairy, on limestone. Geniostonia gluberriina Hosokawa, Tr. Sat. Hist. Soc. For- The glabrous plant has the summit of the ovary mosa, 25334, 1935. glabrous and the style 0.5-1 mm long. The hairy Geniostoma rupestre sensu Stone, Leenhouts [nec J. R. and plant has the style 0.5 mm or less long and a slight G. Forster, Char. Gen., 24, 1775, nec A. de Candolle, hairiness at the summit of the ovary. One plant Prodr., 9:26-27, 18453. (Marche 282) from Guam but without locality is This species has been generally recognized as dis- glabrous but with very short style and hairs at the tinct since the time of de Candolle. However, in summit of the ovary. 1962, Leenhouts 1962b:369-373) took a much Plants similar to the common glabrous one from broader view of Geniostoma rupestre J. R. & G. Guam occur on Rota (on volcanic soil), on Agrigan Forster, the type-species of the genus. He submerged and on Alamagan (one specimen from Alamagan a vast number of Pacific and Malesian species in with a few hairs at top of ovary). Agrigan and G. rupestre, not even giving them varietal status. Alamagan are strictly volcanic islands. The Alama- Included was G. micranthum A. de Candolle. He gan specimens have short styles. Essentially glabrous was followed in this course by Stone (1971:473-474). plants, similar to the Marche 282 collection are also Conn, of Lae, New Guinea, who is studying the known from Saipan, where they occur on volcanic genus, has also annotated material of G. mzcran- soil. thum as G. rupestre. On the other hand, in a critical On Pagan is a plant with leaves very slightly and detailed study of the Western Polynesian, tomentulose beneath, along midrib and acuminate, Fijian, and New Hebridean species, Smith and with very small fruit, 2.5-4 mm long, style 0.5 mm Stone (1962:32-36), have restricted G. rupestre to long, ovary slightly hairy at summit. the New Hebrides, Santa Cruz Islands, and possibly New Caledonia. Taking into consideration only the separation Genzostoma mzcranthum is obviously very close based on pubescence, the correlation between gla- brous plants and volcanic substratum is striking, to G. rupestre, but differs in having much less and that between hairy plants and limestone is acuminate, usually smaller leaves with closer vena- complete except for the Pagan Island specimen. In tion, usually shorter, thicker petioles; cymes with flowers more congested, usually more numerous, and each of the two, however, both short-styled and long-styled plants occur. Even without desirable with peduncles longer. field studies on the populations, the probability It seems more consistent with our treatment of seems strong that G. micranthum is a heterostylous the eastern Polynesian species of Geniostoma (Fos- species. Accepting this, it seems reasonable to re- berg and Sachet, 1975:ll-13) to keep the two sep gard the glabrous and the pubescent populations, arate, at least until Conn’s monograph appears. with the exception of the Pagan plant, as varieties, Leenhouts (1962b3372) has stated the situation in each inhabiting a distinct habitat. The Pagan speci- this genus briefly but rather well; however, coming men, which does not fit this picture, also differs in to opposite conclusions from ours. having a much smaller fruit. The best disposition Endemic in the Marianas Islands. NUMBER 45 23

Key to the Micronesian Varieties of Geniostoma micranthum 1. Plants essentially glabrous var. micranthum 1. Plants tomentulose at least on the underside of the leaf-midrlb, young stems and inflores- cences pilosulous. 2. Fruit 5-10 mm long var. hoeferi 2. Fruit 2.54 mm long var. paganense

Geniostoma micranthum A. de Candolle var. SPECIMENSmrv.-Marianas Islands: Pagan: without local- micranthum ity, Kanehira 220Y (XY, holotype).

Plants essentially glabrous except flower parts; BORAGINACEAE fruit 5-10 mm long. Known from volcanic soils on Agrigan, Alamagan, Saipan, Rota, and Guam. Heliotropium L. Type: Marianas Islands: Guam: Gaudichaud 138 (G, holotype; P, isotype). Heliotropium procumbazs Miller

Helzotropium procumbens Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Helio- Geniostoma micranthum var. hoeferi tropium 10, 1768 [unpaged].-Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb., (Gilg 8c Benedict) Fosberg, 81:52-54, 1928. Heliotroptum inundatum Swartz, Prodr., 40, 1788; F1. Ind. new combination, new status Occ., 1:343, 1797.

Geniostoma hoeferi Gilg & Benedict, Bot. Jahrb., 56: 541, Similarity between specimens from Guam, com- 1921.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 391, 1935.-Stone, Micro- nesia, 6:474, 1971. monly referred to Heliotropium ovalifolium var. Geniostoma longistylum Cilg, Sotizbl., 12:221, 1934.-Kane- depressum, and Mexican specimens labeled Helio- hira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 392, 1935.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:474, tropium procumbens Miller or Heliotropium inun- 1971. datum Swartz suggested that they might belong to the same taxon. If so, this species may also have Youngest growth and lower side of midribs to- been another of the many Mexican and other tropi- mentulose, cymes pilosulous, apex of ovary pilosu- cal American plants that were carried to the Philip- lous, fruit 5-10 mm long. pines and Guam very early by the Spanish “Manila Found on limestone on Saipan, Rota, and Guam. Galleons.” This led to a preliminary comparison of Types: Marianas Islands: Saipan: Schnee XI; Heliotropium ovalifolium Forskal with its New Hoefer 64, 77, 84, syntypes, not seen, probably de- World counterpart, Heliotropium procumbens stroyed. Kanehira 2232 (NY, isotype of Geniostoma Miller, of which Heliotropium inundatum Swartz longistylum). is a synonym. This rather cursory study showed almost no differences between the two. I. M. Geniostoma micranthum var. paganense Johnston had no

C;omtnarianas (Fonte), hills N of hlt. .\lutom, 175 m, Fosberg Callicarpa candicans (Burman f .) Hochreutiner 25fi5 (US, BISH, XI’, L). Rota: Alarche 271 (P, US); Song- song, Fosberg 25111 (US BISH, NY);Sasan Ha)a ba), Sachet Caliicarpa candicans (Burman f.) Hochreutiner, Candollea, ii9l (US, BISH). Saipan: Marpi Point, 15 m, Fosberg 47720 5:190, 1934. (VS,BISH). Pagan: near landing, Fosberg 31640 (US). L~ticaf(o?du(o!) Burmait t, FI Indlcd 297 [I971 1iG8 C.aroline Is.: Clithi Atoll, Falalap Islet, Fosberg 46488 (US). Calltcarpa cana L., Mantissa Pl., 2:198, 1771. Slarshall Islands: Kwajalein Atoll, Kwajalein Islet, Fos- berg if124 (VS), fS032 (CS, BISH). Slajuro Atoll, Long Islet, Callicarpa candicans (Burman f.) Fosbrtg 58810 (CS, BISH). Hochreutiner var. candicans IVake Island: IVakc Islet. Fosberg 43537 (US, BISH). l’liwnix Islands: Canton Island, Fosberg Q Stoddart 54897 Not known from Micronesia, originally described (US). Hull .Atoll: Forbr.7-g i- Stoddard 54842 (US, HAW), from Java. 557fl (LS,BISH). Hawaiian Islands: Oahu, Sand Island, Herbst 5466 (US); Kaneohe, 1Iokapii l’eniiisiila, Fosberg 2 Ez~ans5SS3fA (US). Callicarpa candicans var. integrifolk (H. J. Lam) AIesico: Baja California: Arroyo San Juan, 30 m, Moran Fosberg, new combination L Rcival 2012‘1 (US), Agua \’erde Bay, I. M. Johnston ?8S3 (US); 17.G km E of San Ignacio, Curter et al. 1970 (US); Collicaipa cana tar. integrifolia H. J. Lam, Verb. Malay San Jose del (:ah, II’iggins 56SfA (US); Rose 16482 (US). itch., 74, 1919. Sonora: without locality, Palmer in 1865 (US); San Bernardo, Caroline Islands. Kio lIa\.o, C,e,itq lib’? (US); Sail Pedro Bay, I. M. John- \ton $327 (YS).Sinaloa: liazatlan, TV. G. Wrigl~t1238 (US); Ortega 5437 (L.S); Culiacan, Palmer 1506 (US). San Luis Callicarpa candicans var. integrifolia (Lam) I’otosi: Xiinas de San Rafael, Piirpus 5ifi (US). Tamauli- pas: San \‘icerite, Jaurnaol, von Rozpnski 376 (1;s). Suevo Fosberg, f. integrifolia Leon: hfonterrey, Pringle 1879 (US); Cerro del Obispado, Common almost throughout the Caroline Archi- near Slonterrcy, fic?~rnnde:3 Balkley If 515 (US). Jalisco: (;uadalajaro. Pn(itrer 2i8 (US). State not given: Yaqui River, pelago. Some plants are intermediate with the fol- Poltrier i?i 186? (LiS); Lodiego, Palmer 1563 (Us). lowing.

VERBEWACEAE Callicarpa candicans var. integrifolia f. glabriuscula (H. J. Lam) Fosberg, new Callicarpa L. combination

The Micronesian plants of this genus are a part Callicarpa cana var. integrifolia f. glabriuscula H. J. Lam, of a taxonomically almost insoluble complex ex- I‘erb. Xiala! .Arch., 74, 1919 [pro parte, Caroline Islands tending from southern Asia to the eastern Carolines, specirncns]. for which the correct name seems to be Callicarpa Callicarpa e?-ioclotin f. glnbrescew Sioltlenke, 1’111 tologia. 8:385, 1‘362. candicans (Burman f.) Hochreutiner, based on Urtica candicnns Burman f. Two species have been Tirestern Caroline Islands, occasional. Some plants segregated from this in LIicronesia. Callicarpa are intermediate with f. integrifolia. elegans Hayek and Cullicarpa lamii Hosokawa (as third, Merrill larnmii). A Callicarpa paucinervia Cnllicarpa candicans var. pauciizervia (Merrill) seems no more than a variety of Callicarpa candicans. Fosberg, new combination T~voother varieties of this species are separable in the Caroline Islands. These dispositions are tentative Cailirn?pa purici~iervia Sferrill, Philippine Jour. Sci. Bot., and may be changed when the Philippine and 9:134, l:Il+. hlalesian plants of this affinity are critically studied. Callicnrpa erioclona var. paucinervilz (Merrill) Xioldenke, Phytologia, 8:57, 1961. Tl1e n;inics for tlie JIicronesian plants are given here with necessary new combinations. A more in- XI ari ;I 1121 s .\ r ch i pe la go, probably ende IT]i c. Plants tensive study of these plants is in progress but the approaching this have been recorded as Callicai-pa names are needed now for the taxa that seem rea- pazicinewia from Palau, but should probably be sonably definite. included in var. integrifolia. 26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

Callicarpa candicans var. ponapensis other of which (P. palauense) is herein described as Fosberg, new variety new. The relationship of these to other western Pacific species is not clear, but at least superficially Calltra~puelroclonu sensu Glassrnan 1952 [non Schauer in de Candolle, I’rodr., 11:643, 18471. they seem to be distinct from those of other islands.

Arbuscula foliis valde acuminatis marginibus Pseuderaizthemum acuminatissimum (Miquel) valde dentatis, pagina infra dense arcte albo- Benoist tomentosa. Type: Ponape, Takamatsu 796 (US, Pseud eran them um mumina t issirnun (Miquel) Benoist in holotype). Lecomte, FI. (;en. I’lndochine, 4:i21, 1935.-Radlkofer, A shrub with slender, densely light brownish Sitz. Bayer Akad. Wiss. Miinchen. Sat.-Phys., 13:286, 1884. stellate-tomentose branches; leaves elliptic to ovate- Eranthemrrm acuminatissimum Miquel, F1. Ind. Bat., 2:835, elliptic, apices strongly acuminate, bases decurrent, 1858. margins strongly dentate with triangular teeth, Preridern,illre;,rri~,f \p.. of Glassman, Risllop Sfus. Bull., 209: 102, 1952. upper surface nearl) glabrous except midrib and principal veins, lower surface closely and densely Glassman compared his Ponape specimen with P. white stellate-tomentose. sumatrense (Ridley) Merrill, but the inflorescence Caroline Islands: Ponape, Jokaj, in forest near is far too short and dense for that species. It is a coast, 8 1Iar 1!)36, ~akllmC1tS11796 (US, holotype). much better match for Pseuderanthemum acumi- natissimum of Thailand and Indo-China, and may Callicarpa lamii Hosokawa tentatively be referred to that species. Radlkofer may be said to have published this combination, Callicat-pa elfguns Hayek, Fedde Repert. Nov. Sp., 2:88, 1906. but so much ambiguity surrounds his attempted transfer that it seems best to ascribe it to Benoist Caroline Islands: Palau and Yap, type from the who published it very clearly. Philippines (Cuming 1460).

Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. Callicarpa lamii Hosokawa atropurpureum (Bull) Fosberg Callicarpa lamii Hosokawa, Jour. Soc. Trop. Agr., 6:206, Pseudeianlhe~niint carruthersii var. atropurpureunt (Bull) 1934 (as lammii). Fosberg, Ph, tologia, 5:290, 1955. Callicarpa glabra H. J. Lam, Verb. Malay Arch., 82, 1919 I’,\eriderant/refriirfri jolriileuse Lindau in Fedde. Repert. Sp. [non Koidzurni, 19181. Sov., 13:553, 1915. Marianas, endemic, only rather weakly distinct Pseudeianthemum jaluitense seems, from the de- from C. candicans, but maintained until further scription, especially that of the red color of leaves field observations can be made. and flowers and the form of the corolla, to belong to the common Pseudeianthemum carruthersii var. atropurpureum (Bull) Fosberg. The type, Gibbons ACANTHACEAE 1068, was most likely destroyed in the bombing of Berlin, so this is probably the best disposition of Pseicderanthemum Kadlkofer this name that will be possible. Also Pseuderanthe- The species of this genus in the western Pacific mum carrutliersii is the only species of the genus badly need revision. Two or possibly three are known from the Marshall Islands, or likely to occur natil e in Micronesia, plus two cultivated species there. originating elsewhere. The Ponape plant Pseude- ranthemum laxipoiurn may be native or an acci- Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. reticulatum dental introduction. The data in the label are not (Bull) Fosberg, new combination, new status very helpful in this respect. The plants native to Eranthernum reticulaturn Bull, Gard. Chron., ns., 3:619, 1875. Palau have, up to now, been placed in Pseutie- ranthemum inclusum Hosokawa. On careful study This differs from var. carruthersii mainly in the they prove to belong to two distinct species, the pronouncedly ovate leaves with a yellow zone along KUMBER 45 27 the midrib and veins. It is occasionally planted as more prominent, faces conspicuously warty, gray- an ornamental. brown, 3-4 mm across. This is quite distinct from P. inclusum Hosokawa Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum (Gray) Hubbard in its leaf shape, more slender and lax inflorescences, much longer corollas, styles and stamens, and in Pseiirlera,itlreniui,1 laxi/?orlon (Gray) Hubbard in Bailey, scalloped warty seeds. It seems closest to Philippine Rhodora, 183159, 1916. plants commonly referred to P. bicolor (Schrank) Era?tlhemum laxiflorzifn Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci., 5:349, Radlkofer, which have predominantly axillary 186 1-1 862. cymes, linear subulate bracts and sepals, and entire- Erantlie,rzu,ti pulchellzrin Hort., Gartenmag., 176, t. 17, margined seeds. The Philippine plants do not seem 1810 [non Andrews, Bot. Repos., t. 88, 18001. to be the same as the cultivated species known as Pseitderaiitli~,nu,ri ptrlchellum (Hort.) Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bat., 7:248, 1912. P. bicolor (Schrank) Radlkofer (see above). Psettderanthemum bicolor sensu auct. Micr. [non (Schrank) SPECIMESS SEEN.-Caroline Islands: Palau: Peleliu Island, Radlkofer]. in forest, Takanrntclc li6R (BISH, holotvpe); Babeldaob Island, Aiekalong, in field, Takamatsu 1681 (BISH) The widely planted ornamental species, com- monly called Pseuderanthemum bicolor, seems to be this, Pseuderanthemum bicolor is a wild Philip- RUBIACEAE pine species. The taxon Pseuderanthemum pulchel- lum has been used for this species, but ilts basionym Geophila D. Don is a later honionym and hence illegitimate. Geophila repens (L.) Johnston

Pseuderanthemum palauense Fosberg & Sachet, Geophila repens (L.) Johnston, Sargentia, 8:281, 1949. Koiidrletia repenc L., S,st. Nat., ed. 10:928, 1759. new species

Planta herbacea, foliis ovatis acuminatis, racemis Geophila repem var. asiatica (Chamisso & terminalibus, bracteis ovatis, sepalis lanceolatis Schlechtendal) Fosberg, new combination ceribus, corolla curvata 2 cm longa, semine diametro 3-4 mm discoideo faciebus verrucatis margine Gmphila ie,iifor,nis iar, asiatica [Rheede ex] Chamisso & Schlechtendal, Linnaea, 4:137, 1829 sinuato dentato. Herb a few decimeters tall, young parts and The Old World populations of Geophila repens grooves on 2 sides of stem pilosulous, nodes rather have pyrenes with flat inner faces, while the New prominent; leaves thin, ovate, strongly acuminate, World ones have them consistently curved or obtuse or acute at base, up to 7 X 3 cm, petiole warped. Chamisso and Schlechtendal based their slender, about 1 cm long, blade with up to 7 veins variety on a specimen collected by Chamisso on on a side, these appressed puberulent above, much Guam, but also referred to Rheede, Hortus (1690:41, less so on under sides; racemes slender, slightly pl. 21). This seems to be the oldest varietal epithet pilosulous, terminal and on small side branch- applicable to the Old World variety. lets, rachis 4-6 cm long, occasionally branched, bracts small, ovate, about 1 mm long, subtending Hedyotis L. pedicels 2-3 mm long, dilated upward, occurring opposite or subopposite moderately spaced along Hedyotis costata (Roxburgh) Kurz rachis, sepals narrowly lanceolate, 3-4 mm long, free almost to base, almost glabrous, sharply pointed; tfedyutis tostata (Roxburgh) Kurz, Jour. Asiatic SOC.Bengal, 43 (2):135, 1876. corolla about 2 cm long, curved, glabrous without, Vprirnacocr costata Roxburgh, Hort. Beng., 10, 1814 [nom. limb in bud 3-4 mm long (buds only seen), style and nud.]: F1. Intl., 1:376, 1820. stamens about 3 cm long (only detached ones seen intact); fruit glabrous, about 2 cm, beak short; seed The typical form, var. costata, is not known from disk-like, margin scalloped, lobe at one end of scar Micronesia (but see discussion below). 28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

Hedyotis costata var. lutescens (Kanehira) Pacific. The type is from “Isl. Marianne, Haenke” Fosberg, new combination, new status (G, holotype). Hedyotis coreana LkveillC seems most

Hedyolis Iule~censKanehira, Trans Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, probably the same, but is not described in detail. 2534, 1935. This has been reduced outright to Heclyotu Psychotria costata (Roxburgh) Kurz by Hatusima (1936:222), L. and by Kanehira, himself (1936:607). However, the The genus Amaracarpus Blume was set up to much denser conspicuously yellow pubescence seems accommodate species (e.g., Amaracarpus muscosus) to justify retaining it as a variety. The type locality with strikingly unique habit, but little technical is Aimiriik, Babeldaob, Palau. We have not seen difference from Psychotria. The inclusion in it of this specimen (Kanehira 1980), but Takamatsu numerous species that do not share its distinctive I512 (BISH) is apparently the same. Some speci- character but have smali or slender axillary inflores- mens from Hainan and Sumatra may belong here, cences reduces to insignificance its difference from though their habit is more open and the pubescence Psychotiia. .\ series of these species were described more sparse. from Micronesia by Valeton and by Japanese bota- nists who followed him. In 1940 I (Fosberg) failed Hedyotis katiehirae (Hatusima) to find reason to maintain Amaracarpus for the Fosberg, new combination Micronesian plants, and failed, also, to see much Leptopetalum kanehirae Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. justification for the plethora of Micronesian Amara- Formosa, 26:218, 1936. carpus species. I reduced them, summarily, to two Hedyotis kunehiroe Hatusha, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. For- species of Psychotiin: P. carolinensis and P. pona- mosa, 26:218, 1936 [in synonymy]. pensis. Since then, I have been unable to see even This species was placed in Leptopetalum Hooker two good species in the complex and have also and Arnott by Hatusima. That genus differs from found that two older binominals, Psyclrotria mala- Hedyotis L. only in its stamens being inserted at spinae Merrill (1914) and Uragoga hombroniann the base of the corolla tube, rather than part way Baillon (1879) have been proposed for members of or all the way up. This seems an inadequate basis this complex. Field studies and comparison of many for maintaining it as a separate genus, hence I herbarium specimens indicated that, although many (Fosberg) am transferring L. knnehiiae to Hedyotis of the entities are discernible, they intergrade and L. It is close to Hetlyoti.~foetidn var. mnriannensis are not very different at best. The solution, ad- (.Vei~~ill)Fo$bcrg. mittedly tentative, but closer to reality than the The coiiilin;~tion Hdyo/is kmaelrirne (Hatusima) earlier alternatives, seems to be to recognize a num- Fosberg was inadvertently pblished by us (Fosberg, ber of varieties of the one species, Psychotria hom- Falanruw, and Sachet, 1975:40) without its basio- biwiiann (Baillon) Fosberg. Names are provided for nym. As a valid name it dates from the present these so that they can be referred to, pending the pub 1i ca t i on. intensiye study that will be necessary to elucidate a more final taxonomy of the group in Xlicronesia Hedyotis strigulosa (Barding ex de Candolle) and to find its relationships elsewhere. Fosberg, new combination

Oldenlandia strigulosa Bartling ex de Candolle, Prodr., Pspchotria hombroniana (Baillon) Fosberg 4:427, 1830. Hedyolis coreona Leveille in Fedde, Repert. Sp. h’ov., Uragogo hombroniuno Baillon, Adansonia, 12:333, 1879. 11:64, 1912. Psychotria hornbroniana (Baillon) Fosberg, Phytologia, 5:291, Oldenlandio nlbido-punctntn Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot. 1955. 9:147, 1914. Hedyotis olbido-punchto (Merrill) Fosberg, Lloydia, 3:123, Found in several varieties throughout the Caro- 1940. line and Marianas high islands. Coral atolls do not, Bartling’s name apparently applies to this com- apparently, provide suitable habitats for these mon species of coastal limestone rocks in the western plants. Synonyms will be listed under the appro- NUMBER 45 29 priate varietal names. Descriptions and citation of Psychotria hombroniana var. squarrosa the abundant specimens will be deferred until the (Valeton) Fosberg, new combination treatment of the Rubiaceae in the Flora of Micro- Aniaracarpus carolitiensis \ ar. squarrosa Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., nesia. 63:319, 1930. Ainaracarpus carolinensis Valetosn, Bot. Jahrb., 63:319, 1930. Psychotria hombroniana (Baillon) Ariiaracc~rpuskmeinei i Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:320, 1930. Fosberg var. hombroniana Arrini-atarpus lzetrropoides I’aleton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:320, 1930. Psychotria carolinensis (Valeton) Fosberg, Bishop hlus. OCC. Uragoga iioinbroiiiana Baillon, Adansonia, 12:333, 1879. Pap. 353224, 1940.

Marianas Islands: known from Rota and Guam. Caroline Islands: Palau, Truk, Ponape, Kusaie. Type from Guam, Hombron in 1841 (P, 2 sheets). Spermacoce L.

Psychotria hombroniana var. hirtella (Valeton) Spermacoce ernstii Fosberg & Powell, new species Fosberg, new combination, new status Planta herbacea diffusa vel erecta ramosa glabra .4iiiarata~piis liirtellus Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:320, 1930 vel sparse scabrida, foliis ellipticis acutis vel acu- [non Psyc/cotttn /izttella Oli\er, 18871. Psi c iiotrin poiiapeiists Fosberg, Bishop Mus. Occ. Pap., minatis, lobis calycis linearis 1-2 mm longis, 35.224, 1940. corolla brevi lobis triangulo-ovatis, pauce barbata, Ps\r/iotttn trinriop/i>/la Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:318, 1930. antheris stigmateque valde inclusis, capsula hispi- dula breve late cylindrica, semine late elliptic0 Caroline Islands: Ponape and Truk. nititlo castilneo reticulato sulco lentreali lato. Type: Columbia: Huila, above Galilea, Fosberg Psychotria hombroniana var. kusaiensis (Kanehira) I9632 (US, holotype). Fosberg, new combination, new status This taxon is published here to validate the name so that it can be used. A full treatment with other ..limiarnipiis kusnierisis Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 49:276, related species is to appear in the nex tutiire Tills fig. 26, 20 Ma) 1935. .4via,-acarpus kanehirae Hosokawa, Trans, Nat. Hist. Soc. species has been introduced into Micronesia and Iormcisa, ?5:35. April 1935 [non Psychotria kanehirae has spread to a number of islands, in some of which kleri-ill, 19161. it has become common.

The two names in Amaracarpus are obviously .-llarianas Islands: Saipan: 1.: of Ogso synonymous and A. kaneliirae is earlier. However, Tapotchau. just S of Kannat Tadung Laulau, 170-190 m, selection of the other epithet for transfer to varietal Fosberg 50545 (US). Rota: Road to Sabana area, 200-400 in, Snc/irt /,YUK (1;s); 150-250 m, E7~iii.s 212,’ (US). Guam: status seems less likely to be confusing. Dedetlo, 100 in, Fosberg iiili‘)(US); Campana)a Ba), 20 m, Caroline Islands: Kusaie. P’osberg f 3f1 i (US); Trust Territory Compound, NAS, Agana, 70 ni, I.osberg f6215 (US), f6216 (US); Andersen Air Forte Base, .Ifornri ff6i (US). Caroline Islands: Palau: Psychotria hombroniana var. malaspinae Kayangel. along trail in middle of main islet, Cheatham 86 (Merrill) Fosberg, new combination, new status (1’s). Koror: SF, coriicr of island along load tn .Ail.ai Ferry dock. Fo\brig 50620 (US). Peliliu: around the S landing, F.~),c/iotriaiiialaspiiiae Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9: 148- 1-2 ni. fio,sbrrg ;/9iS ([‘S); N end, ikalokul at boat land- I-l!], 1914. ing. 2 111. Fojbej-g fi616 (VS)..Angaur. west of Lake D, 0.3 mi Atnnrnrnrpirs irinriaii~ie~isisKanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, [O.,; kin] SE of tillage. ‘1 in. Cnii/ie/tl 150 (CS). IR:Wi, 1934. .-I ii~~i~~i~~~i~~irsIndt-oriicii,! Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, Y7: 269, 193.5. Spermacoce hispida L. .i!riniarni.pii! iiia/n\pinae (hIerril1) Kanehira & Hatusima, Bot. Mag. TokIo. 50:607. 1936. Spermacoce hispida L., Sp. Pl., 102, 1753. ‘-1 o~nrmrf;ir\ rote?isis Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. For- Yf~~i~nr~renrticulu,-is L.f., Suppl. Pl., 119-120, 1781. n1oza. 25::(5. 1935. /!or7-?iio liiJpitla (L.) Schumann in Engler & Prantl, Die Naturlichen 1’fianzenfamilien, 4(4):144. 1891. Marianas Islands: Alamagan; Rota: Guam. /!o? ierin roltiiidifolia Valeton, not. Jahrb., 63:323, 1930. 30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

The identity of Borreria rotundifolia has been a Vernonia patula is an eastern Asiatic-New problem ever since the study of Micronesian botany Guinea species which extends to Guam. There it is became active after LVorld War 11. There seemed probably introduced, but was found by Haenke in libtle chance of solving it, however, since the type 1792. It has been reported from Guam by a number was probably destroyed in Berlin. The discovery of of avthors under several names, as shown by the a partial set of duplicates of Ledeimann’s collection, above synonymy. The correct name is apparently the Micronesian portion of which was kindly loaned Vernonia patula, though this has not been estab- by the authorities of the Berlin Herbarium, has lished with certainty until now. Its nomenclature has enabled us to resolve this and other similar diffi- been somewhat confused, as it has been considered culties. The Ledermann collection on which the as sjnonymous with the earlier Vcmonia chinensis species is based is clearly Spel-macoce hispida L., an (L.) Lessing. Thanks to information supplied by Asiatic species previously recorded from Micronesia Dr. Kare Bremer (in litt., 1979), it can be reasonably from Yap Island on the basis of a Volkens specimen established that the type of Conyza chinensis L., (no. 215). This specimen was also destroyed in the basionym of V. chinensis, is the specimen in the bombing of Berlin and was probably Spermacoce Linnean Herbarium, London, numbered 993: 22. repens. This is marked “Suratt,” which is apparently equivalent to Surate, where Toren, the collector of SPECIMFXSwx.-Caroline Islands: Ponape. Pailapalap, the specimen cited by Linnaeus, spent some time I,ederiiiniiir 13800 (B, lectotype of Borreria rotztndifolia). collecting. From a microfiche photo of this speci- men, we can determine positively that it is not the Spermacoce repem (de Candolle) Fosberg & Powell, plant under discussion, though we are not certain new combination what it is. This effectively removes Vernonia chi- /{or, erin reperrs de Candolle, Prodr., 4:542, 1830. HCIISIS from consideration in the nomenclature of ,S/wnto~occ ocyiuoides sensii auct. [non Burman f., F1. Ind., Vernonia patula, which thus remains the correct 34, 17681. name for the plant found in Guam.

Type from Mauritius. Wollastoizia de Candolle ex Decaisne SITCIVF\S Sr~.\.-Caroline Islands: Palau: Babeldaob Il’ollastmin de Candolle ex Decaisne, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Island. Me’ebe’nbul billage, Ngatpang, Fosberg 32403 (US). Paris, 3:414, 1834: Prodr., 5:546-549, 1836. Garamiscan Colon\, Foshrrg 25il1 (US). Yap Island: Volkens Ll’ede/ia sensu auct. plur. pro parte [non Jacquin, Enum. 215 (not seen): Leuj (Leuis) village, 10-15 m, Fosberg PI. Carib., 8, 28, 17601. i660f ((IS, BISH), Ponape Island, Classman 2583 (US, BISH): .Sleinmodontia sensu auct. Micr. [non Cassini, Bull. SOC. Retail-nepiichi, Hosokaztla i5i2 (BISH). Philom. Paris, 11, 18171. Weak shrubs, suffrutescent herbs, and herbs with COMPOSITAE (= ASTERACEAE) a resinous odor, leaves opposite, tending to be trinerved, exstipulate; inflorescences very open, ter- V‘erizoizia Schreber minal with 3-5 or more long-pedunculate heads or heads solitary; involucre of one principal whorl Vernonk patula (Dryander) Merrill with a few smaller outer phyllaries; receptacular I’utiotiin p~tulo (Dryander) hferrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., bracts strongly nerved, obtuse, sometimes apiculate, 3:439, 11)08: 9: 154. l!)l4.-Koster. Blumea, 1 :433, 1935.- pubescent, enfolding achenes; ray florets mostly Stone, Xlicronesica, 1: 129, 1964; 6:594, 1971. 6-10, yellow, limbs usually slightly 2- or 3-toothed C(J?I?Xpntrrla Dr)andei in Aiton, Hort. Kew., 3:184, 1789. at apex, disk corollas yellow or greenish yellow, T’eriioiiio cliiriemis sensu Endlicher, Ann. Wien. Mus. Saturgesch. I: 168. 183i.-Schumann and Lauterbach, F1. 5-lobed; achenes thick, cuneiform, those of ray Siids., 595, 1901. [Non (L.) Lessing, Linnaea, 6:105, 18311. flowers 3-angled, of disk flowers 4-angled, ithose of <‘)oufJpiypi~O~,~~cio tle Candolle. Prodr.. 3:69, 1836.-Safford. ray flowers convex on outer face, all or mostly well Contr. I..S. Xat. Hed)., 9:252, 1905 [as Cyanoptis]. developed, underdeveloped disk achenes scattered r’ei?iniirn ?ji/loccr (Blume) \Vight in Safford, Contr. US. Nat. among fully developed ones, pappus of 1 short awn Heih.. 9:396, 19U.;.--Stoiie. Rlicronesica, 1:129, 1964. I’eriiorria patirln var, pubescens (Blume) Koster, Blumea, (or this absent) and summit of achenes blunt, I :430-43.i, 1935. strongly hirtellous, lower part glabrous. NUMBER 45 31

The common Indo-Pacific strand plant usually biflora vis-a-vis Lipochaeta remains a problem in called Wedelia biflora (L.) de Candolle ex Wight the Pacific Islands. It seems desirable to fit the Indo- at first sign usually impresses botanists familiar Pacific species under discussion into the present with the Hawaiian flora as being a member of the generic arrangement more convincingly than where Hawaiian genus Lipochaeta DC (e.g., Degener, in it is now, as a Wedelia. litt., 1942). Our examination of mature capitula of ?Yedelta Since first seeing W. biflora in the field in Micro- biflora shows that while it has plump, angular nesia in 1946, I (Fosberg) have been convinced that achenes, it does not fit Melanthera in that its raj Lipochaeta and Wedelia biflora were congeneric, flowers do produce mature achenes. Flowers that do but refrained from transferring the Hawaiian not mature achenes occur randomly in the heads, species to Wedelia because I was familiar wi’th too but the rays are characteristically fertile unlike those few of the American and African species of Wedelia. of Melanthera in Wild’s key (1965: 1). It seemed possible that Wedelia biflora belonged in Wedelia as typified by Wedelia fruticosa Jacquin Lipochaeta but other Wedelia species might remain has plump, but slightly compressed, non-angular disk as a separate genus Wedelia. achenes. Wedelia trilobata has only part of the disk In 1965, H. Wild (1965:4-5) transferred Wedelia achenes fertile. Wedelia biflora has thick, angular biflora and most other African species of Wedelia achenes, those of the ray florets with pubescence on to the genus Melanthera Rohr. This genus is typi- and near the summits. In this character, as well as fied by the American Melanthera niuea (L.) Small, in its fertile rays and its general appearance, it pro parte, including Rohr’s specimen (Strother, resembled Lipochaeta. However, in the latter, the 1970:336-338), a plant with white ray flowers, and sterile florets are in the center of the disk, rather not too close to the Pacific species under discussion than scattered through it. except as all species in the Wedelia relationship are Lipochacta has been recently revised by R. C. similar. The basis for uniting them with Melan- Gardner (1976b) who admits 25 species showing them was the angular achenes characteristic of most great diversity, especially in vegetative characters, African species. The exception, Wedelia trilobata, and falling into two groups on the basis of four vs. was left by Wild as the only African representative five disk corolla lobes, correlated with a chromo- of Wedelia sensu stricto. He does not characterize some difference. In a published paper, Gardner Wedelia proper, but in correspondence he mentions (1976a:384) indicates that the closest relatives of flat achenes. Actually the disk achenes of W. trilo- Lipochaeta are in the genus Wedelza, especially bata when fertile and developed are somewhat com- Wedelia biflora, and that Lipochueta might have pressed-clavate, rather than flat. WedeZia biflora arisen from “an ancestor of W. biflora.” seems far closer to Lipochaeta than to either Melan- Dissection of heads of TVedelia biflora var. thera niuea or Wedelia trilobata, or to what ma- canescens (Gaudichaud) Fosberg shows a strong terial I have seen of Wedelia fruticosa Jacquin, type similarity to Lipochaeta in the involucre of one of Wedelia. principal series of phyllaries, not sharply distinct Many of the genera related to or segregated from from receptacular bracts (chaff), with a few grad- Verbesina L. seem so close to each other that per- ually shorter ones forming an outer whorl (Melan- haps the logical course would be to lump them all thera has a 2-3 serate involucre according to IVild, into a single large genus. However, the limits of 1965:48). The ray florets produce fully developed such a genus would likely be as hard to establish achenes that are thick and 3- (or 4-)angled and as are those of the segregates, and only a major re- rather truncate and hirtellous at the top, as in vision of the large number of species in this assem- Lipochaeta. Most of the disk florets produce well- blage might give any satisfactory delimitation. developed angular achenes, but some are sterile, A number of people are working on parts of this sporadically distributed in the head and tending to complex, and when their results are in and the be rather peripheral rather than centrally concen- parts of the puzzle are compared on a tropics-wide trated as in Lipochaeta. The pappus consists of a basis, logical and recognizable generic lines may single short but prominent awn (sometimes absent), emerge. as in some species of Lipochaeta. Regardless of this, the disposition of Wedelia Thus, Wedelia biflora seems very close to Lipo- 32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY chaeta and, if the difference between fertile and Timor labeled LVollastoniu scubiiuscula (Gaudi- sterile ray florets is important, less close to Melan- chaud) de Candolle. All are exactly the plant gen- them, and if thick angular achenes versus plump erally known as Wedelia bipora (L.) de Candolle. but somewhat compressed ones is significant, less The Timor material in the de Candolle herbarium close also to Wedelia. Lumping the three genera must be regarded as syntypes of Wollastonia into a single large genus would seem a not unrea- scabriusczila, since the first publication, by Decaisne, sonable possibility. However, at least until the sev- was in his account of Timor plants, except that by eral other Pacific island plants generally referred to automatic typification (ICBN Art. 7, 63) the type TYedelia can be carefully studied, a more conserva- must be that of Verbesina biflora L. 4s a result, tive course might be to transfer Wedelia biflora to Wollastonia de Candolle (1834), typified by the Lipochaetu, which it strong11 resembles, thus vastly plant now usually called Wedelia biflora (L.) de extending the range of this genus usually considered Candolle, has two years priority over Lipochaeta endemic to Hawaii. de Candolle (1836). Wedelia biflora (L.) de Candolle De Candolle, however, placed Verbesina biflora (= Wollastonia biflora (L.) de Candolle) cannot be L. in his genus Wollastonia, an earlier genus of a transferred to Lipochaeta de Candolle. Any transfer small number of Old TYorld species. This, though must be in the other direction if the two genera usually combined with Wedelia, seems altogether are combined. too close to Lipociliaeta de Candolle. We do not find Our object here is to establish the name of the that a type has been designated for Wollastonia de widespread Indo-Pacific strand plant, so common Candolle in Decaisne. The genus was published by in Micronesia. It seems better not to transfer the Decaisne in his account of Timor plants, ascribed species of Lipochaeta to Wollastonia until Gardner’s to de Candolle as in the forthcoming volume of the monograph is published. Then only the species that Prodromus and briefly distinguished from Wedelia seem good in the light of his work need to be trans- with just enough description to effect valid publica- ferred. Ilre are satisfied that, as the genera of the tion. Three species were listed, two of them briefly Helianthae are now delimited, at least part, and characterized, the other, Wollastonia scabriuscula probably all, of Lipochaeta is congeneric with de Candolle ex Decaisne, described in detail, and Wollastoniu. the “Observation” u.here the name Wollastonia is validated accompanies this species. It seems clear Wollastonia biflora (L.) de Candolle enough that this was the species that Decaisne prin- cipally had in mind and it is here designated lecto- Ii‘olhtonin hifiorn (L.) de Candolle, Prodr., 5:546, 1836. T’erbesina biflora L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1272, 1763. t!~ie of tlie genus. It must be noted, however, that Decaisne cited Verbrsi77a bifiora Blume (by indirect IVidely distributed on strand and in lowlands in reference Verbesina bifloia L.) in the synonymy of the Indo-Pacific region from East Africa to the Wollastonia scabsiuscuZn, making the latter nomen- Marshall Islands, Samoa, Tahiti, and the Cook clatui-ally, as well as taxonomically, a synonym of Islands; also found in Rurutu and Rapa, where ps- Wollastonia biflora (L.) de Candolle. sible it is introduced. TVollastonia scabriu.xula is maintained by de Xlicronesian synonymy and references under var. Candolle in his Prodromus treatment, but reported b iflora. from the Marianas, as well as from Timor, India, The species is quite variable but mostly in such and several places in southeast Asia. The Marianas superficial characters as density of pubescence, size record certainly must have been based on the plant and shape of leaves, toothing of margins, number treated below as Wollastonia bipom var. canescens. of heads in an inflorescence, and toothing of ray This variety differs from var. biflorn in its strongly apices. The achenes vary in size and shape; the size canescent to almost sericeous foliage and shorter difference between the Marianas populations and nchnees. It was originally described by Gaudichaud those of the rest of Micronesia seems significant, as TYollastonin ci2nescen.r and again as Wollastonin especially when supported by the striking difference uipntea . in pubescence. Hence we are recognizing two va- In the de Candolle Prodromus Herbarium at rieties of Micronesia, probably others occur in other Geneva are four sheets from Asia and two from parts of the yast range of the species. NUMBER 45 33

Wollastonia biflora (L.) de Candolle var. biflora well as ethnobotanical information will appear in the Flora of Micronesia treatment of the Com- M’edelia bi/io,n (L.) de Candolle ex TVight, Contr. Bot. Ind., 18, 1834. positae (Fosberg and Sachet, in press). Wedelia aristata Lessing, Linnaea, 6: 160, 1831. Il’ollastottia uabriitscitla de Candolle ex Decaisne, Nouv. Wollastonia biflora var. canewens (Gaudichaud) Inn. >fits. Paris, 3:414, 1834; Prodr. 5:947, 1836. I’erbesina striguIosa Gaudichaud, Bot. Voy. Uranie, 463, Fosberg, new combination 1826 [1829]. Ti’ollntfonin st?igitloso (Gaudichaud) de Candolle ex De- Yerbesinn ca?ie.trrit\ Gaudichaud, Bot. Voy. Uranie, 463, caisiie, Sou\, .Inn. 3111s. Hist. Sat., 3:414, 1834. 18% [1829].--Safford, (:ontr. I’.S. Sat. Herb.. 9:3‘33, 1905. Tl’etielio .ctrigulo.ra (de Candolle) Schumann, Bot. Jahrb., f.evbesina nrge7itP.n Gaudichaud, Rot. Voy. Uranie, 463, 1826 !l:223, 1888 (preptint 1887;) [de Candolle cited in error]. [ 18291. ,Stf>!?i?izodoii/inbifiorcz (L.) TV, F. TVight in Safford, Contr. TVollmto~iia canescens (Caudichautl) de Candolle, Prodr., I‘.$. Sat. Herb, 9:3ii, 1905 [non sensu TVight]. .5:947, 1836. S/eiitr?iodoritin cnnescens (Gaudichaud) TV. F. ITight in Saf- Large sprawling, tangled or even loosely mat- ford, Contr. U.S. Sat. Herb., 9:3i;’, 190.5. forming herbs or plants slightly woody below, stems Il’etlelia cane.rcens (Gaudichaud) Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. llot.. 9:lij, 1914. glabrous to liispidulous or shortly sparsely hirsute, Wedelin nrgentea (Gauclichaud) Metrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., irregularly sulcate when dry, strongly resinous; 9:l5,5, 1914. leaves opposite, ovate to broadly ovate, bases acute Il’<~tir~linbiflo~n xai’. cnnrscens (Gaudichaud) Fosberg, Phy. to obtuse or subcordate, slightly decurrent, apices tologia, 3:291, I9~5i.-Fosberg. Falanriiw, and Sachet. Smith- acuminate, margins serrate, teeth tending to be un- sonian Contr. Rot., 22:43, 1975. even, main veins few, 3-5 plinerved appearing Sle?ii~iiodoiitinbilioro sensu Safford, Contr. C.S. Sat. Herb., 9:377, 1W3 [noii (L.) TI‘. F. TI‘ight in Safford, Contr. palmately 3-nerved from just above the base of U.S. Sat. Herb., 9:371, 190.51, blade, branch nerves anastomosing, network finer f’erbe,\inn bi//orn semu Safford, Contr. C.S. Nat. Herb., 93399, and finer, both surfaces finely strigose especially on 1905 [non L., Sp. 1’1. etl. 2, 1272, 17631. veins, upper less so, general appearance green, Il’edeiin bi/7orri sensu Saffoi-(1, Contr. U.S. Sat. Herb., 9:398, petioles long, rather slender, leaves of sterile shoots 1903 [non (L.) de Candolle in TVight, Contr. Bot. Ind., 18 often much larger and subcordate to cordate; heads 183.11. in loose irregularly corymbiform panicles of several Il’oiicrctofiin bi(lo?o senrii Safforti, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., . I905 [non (L.) tle Candolle ex \\light, Contr. Bot. to or more, about cm across, phyllai-ies in 2 20 2 ln:l., 18. 18341. series, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, outer subfoliaceous; rays yellow, 6-10 or more, subentire or slightly Differs from var. biflora in being vegetatively toothed at apex, disk corollas with short tube, limb much more densely strigose and in its shorter, 1.5-2 funnelform-campanulate to prismatic-campanulate, (-3) mm long achenes. The density of the pubes- lobes deltoid, ray flowers with deeply bifid styles, cence varies considerably. .\ctually, specimens can disk becoming globose at maturity, achenes 2.5-4 be selected exhibiting all degrees of hairiness from mm long, those of the ray-flowers 3-angled, de- the silvery strigose plant described as Veibesina pressed in the center of the top, those of the disk argcntea Gaudichaud to the greenest extreme of var. cuneoid, 4angled. bifiora, perhaps a specimen (St. John cb Mail-eau Known in Xlicronesia. From tlie Carolines: Palau, 15464 (US)) from Rapa, at the southern extreme of Sonsoral, Yap, Ulithi, Fais, Eauripik, TVoleai, the range of the species. However, in general, the Faraulap, Ifaluk, Lamotrek, Satawal, Puluwat, Marianas populations are more densely strigose Namonuito, Murilo, Nomwin, Truk, Nama, Losap, and all that we have studied in detail have small Namoluk, Etal, Lukunor, Satawan, Nukuoro, achenes, so we are continuing to maintain this Kapingamarangi, Ant, Ponape, Mokil, Pingelap, variety. Examination of three collections from the Kusaie. 1;rom the ~larshalls: Enitvetok, Bikini, Bonin Islands, kindly sent by Prof. Momiyama, Ailinginae, Rongelap, Ujelang, Ujae, TYotho, Lae, Hahajima (Solinza et nl. 715173 (MAK); Ono 6 Kwajalein, Ailuk, Likiep, Aur, Ailinglapalap, Kobaynslii in 19il (MAK); ilfomiyamn et al. in Xlajuro, hno, Namorik, Jaluit. From the Gilberts: 1972 (hl.%K)), shows that, though they are not con- .4b a i a n g . spicuously more hairy, the one mature achene pres- Detailed citation of Micronesian specimens as ent is 2.5 mm long. These plants, should probabl), 34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY be associated with var. canescens. Far to the south, markedly canescent and have rather small achenes. on the island of Rarotonga, Cook Islands, a speci- A further discussion of var. canescens may be found men (Stoddart 2019 (US)) has likewise very small in Fosberg (19553291). achenes, about 2 mm long, though vegetatively the Known in Micronesia. From the Marianas: Maug, plant is not unusually hairy. Further mature fruiting Agrigan, Pagan, Alamagan, Guguan, Sarigan, material is needed to make a firm disposition of this Anatahan, Medinilla, Saipan, Tinian, Rota, Guam. population. Flowering specimens seem to have un- From the Carolines: Palau: Babeldaob and Angaur. usually short ray florets. Detailed citation of specimens and ethnobotanical In addition, two collections from Palau (Babel- information will appear in the Flora of Micronesia daob, Hosokawa 7026 (BISH) and Angaur, Fosberg treatment of the Compositae (Fosberg and Sachet, 25917 (US, BISH)) seem to belong here, as they are in press). Literature Cited

Aublet, J.B.C.F. Gilg, E., and Ch. Benedict 1775. Histoires des plantes de la Guiane Francoise. 4 1921. Die his jetzt aus Mikronesien und Polynesien \olumes, 976 pages + index + 160 pages miscellany, hekannt gewordenen Loganiaceen. Botanische Jahr- 392 plates. Paris and London. bucher, 56:540-357. Baehni, Ch. Gray, A. 1942. Memoire sur les Sapotacees, 11: Le genre Pouteria. 1859. Notes upon Some Polynesian Loganiaceae. Proceed- Candollea, 9: 147-475. ings of the American Academy of Arts and Sci. ences, 4:319-324. Burges, A. Grimble, .A. ca. 1935. Nauru Island. Manuscript in the files of 1921. Canoes in the Gilbert Islands. The Journal of the F 11. Fosberg, Department of Botany, National Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institu- and Ireland, 54:lOl-139. tion, tvashington, D.C. Hatusima, S. Cowan, R. S. 1936. Materials for a Flora of Micronesia, Ruhiaceae I: 1963. The Correct Name for the Powder-Puff Tree. Hedlotideae. Transactions of the Satural History Baileya, 11:94-98. Society of Formosa, 26:217-226. Decaisne, J. Holttum, R. E. 1834. Herbarii timorensis descriptio. Museum d'Histoire 195ia. Florae Malesianae Praecursores, XVI: On the Tax- Naturelle, Xouuelles Annales (Paris), 3:333-501, onomic Subtli\ ision of the Gleicheniaceae with plates 16-21. Description of Sew Malalsian Species and Varieties. Ewan, J ReinrLwdtin, 4:257-280. 1948. A Revision of hfacrocarpaea, a Neotropical Genus l9i7h Iforpholog), Growth-Habit, and Classification in the of Shrubby Gentians. Contributions from the Family Gleicheniaceae. Phytornorphology, 7: 168-1 84. United States h'ational Herbariuin, 293209-251. 19il. Studies in the Family Thelypteridaceae, 111: A New Fosherg, F. R. System of Genera in the Old IVorld. Blumea, 1955. Sysrema tic Notes on Micronesian Plants. Phytologia, 19: 1742. 5:289-292. 1977. The Family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Fosberg, F. R., M.Y.C. Falanruw, and M.-H. Sachet Australasia. Allertonia, 1:169-234. 19ij. Vascular Flora of the Xorthern Marianas Islands. Hosaka, E. Y. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 22:1-45. 1910. .A Revision of the Hawaiian Species of Myrsine Fosherg, F. R., and M:H. Sachet (Suttonia, Rapanea), (Myrsinaceae). Occasional Pa- 19i4. A Sew I'ariety of Fagraea berteriana (Gentiana- pers of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 16325-76. ceae). Phytologia, 28:470-472. Hosokawa, T. 1975. Polynesian Plant Studies, 1-5. Smithsonian Con- 1938. Jlaterials of the Botanic Research towards the tributions to Botaiiy, 21:l-25. Flora of Micronesia, XVIII. Transactions of the ,\'at- Gardner R. C. ural History Society of Formosn, 28: 145-157. 19i6a. F.\.olution and Adaptive Radiation in Lipochaeta 1942. >laterials of the Botanic Research towards the (Compositae) of the Hawaiian Islands. Systematic Flora of Xlicronesia, XXV. 7ransactions of the Kat- B~tatly,1:384-391. iiral History Society of Formosa, 32:283-288. 19i6b. [Genus Lipochaeta.] Manuscript deposited in Ohio Hou, Ding State Uni\ ersity, Columbus. 1958. Rhizophoraceae. Flora Malesiana I, 5:429-493. Gaudichaud. C. 1963. Florae Malesianae Precursores, XXXIV: Notes on 1826. Botanique. In Voyage autour du monde, entrepris Some Genera of Celastraceae in hlalaysia. Blumea, par ordre dii roi . . . execute sur les coruettes de 12:3 1-38. S Jf 1'L'ranie et la Ph\sicienne pendant les annees 1964. Celastraceae 11. Flora Alalesiana I, 6:389-421. 1817, 1818, 1619, 1820, , , . par M. Louis de Frey- Jeffrey, C. ctnet 522 pages, Paris. [Actual dates of publication 1962. Notes on Cucurbitaceae, including a Proposed Sew 18261830.1 Classification of the Family. Kew Bulletin, 15: Gilg, E. 337-371. 1895, Gentianaceae. In Engler and Prantl, Die Naturlichen Kanehira, R. Ppanzenfamilien, 4(2):50-80. 1935. An Enumeration of Micronesian Plants. Journal of 36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

the Department of Agriculture (Kyushu University), Rheede tot Draakestein, H. A. van 4:235-464. 1690. Hortus Zndicus ikfalabaricus. Volume 10, 187 pages, 1936. Sew or Soteworthy Trees from Micronesia XVIII. 94 plates. Amsterdam. Botanical Magazine (Toky-o), 50:599-607. Royen, P. van Kramer, A. 1957. Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysia Area in 1905. Die Gewinnung und die Zubereitung der Nahrung a IVide Sense, VII: Planchonella Pierre. Blumea, auf den Ralik-Ratakinseln (Marshallinseln). Globus, 83235445. 88:140-146. Sachet, M.-H. 1906. Hawaii, Ostinikt-onesien tind Samoa. 585 pages. Stutt- 1975. Flora of the Marquesas, 1: Ericaceae-Convolvulaceae. gart. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 23:l-34. Leenhouts, P. W. Schumann, K., and K. Lauterbach 1962a. Florae Rialesianae Precursores, XXXIII: Loganiaceae. 1901. Die Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Sudsee. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de I'Etat Bruxelles, xvif613 pages, 22 plates. Leipzig. 32:417-458. Smith, A. C. 19621,. Loganiaceae. Flora hfalesiana I, 6:293-387. 1941. Kotes on Old World Hippocrateaceae. American Luomala, K. journal of Botany, 28:438443. 1953. Ethnobotany of the Gilbert Islands. Bernice P. 1952. Studies of Pacific Islands Plants, XIII: Notes on Bishop Museum Bulletin, 213: 1-129. Fijian Euphorbiaceae. Journal of the Arnold Arbo- Merrill, E. D. re tum, 33 :3 67-402. 1914. .4n Enumeration of the Plants of Guam. Philippine Smith, .A. C., and B. C. Stone ~0111'na~of Science, Botany, 9: 17-155. 1962. Studies of Pacific Islands Plants, XVII: The Genus 1918. Species Blancoanae. Bureau of Science, Manila, Pub- Geniostoma (Loganiaceae) in the New Hebrides, lication, 12: 1-423. Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga. Contributions from the Mohlenbrock, R. H. Cnited States Saliotial Herbarium, 37:1-41, 3 plates. In,?;. .I Reiision of the Genus Stylosanthes. Annals of the Solereder, H. Missouri Botaiiical Garden, 443299-355, 1892. Lopniaceae. In Engler and Prantl, Die Naturlichen Morton, C. V. Ppanzenfamilien, 4(2):19-48, 49-50 [1895 for last two 1963. The Classification of Thelypteris. American Fern pages]. journal, 53: 149-154. Soderstrom, T. R., and H. F. Decker Mfiller-.irgau, J. 1973. Calderonella, a New Genus of Grasses, and Its Rela- 1866. Euphorbiaceae (1). In de Candolle, Prodromus, tionships to the Centostecoid Genera. Annals of the lj(2):189-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden, 60:427-441. Se\ling, L. I.. and T. S. Elias Stafleu, F. A,, and R. S. Cowan 1971, Calliandra haeinatocephala: History, Morphology, 1976. Taxononiic Literature. Second edition, volume I and Taxonomy. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, (A-G), xl + 1136 pages. Utrecht. 52:69-85. Stone, B. C. Pax, F., and K. Hoffmann 1971. The Flora of Guam. Micronesica, 631-659. 1924. Euphorbiaceae-Crotonoideae-Acalypheae-Acaly- Strother, J. L. phinae. In Engler, Das Pflanzenreich, IV, 147(16): 1970. Trpification of Melanthera Rohr (Compositae: 1-178. Heliantheae). Taxon, 19:336-338. Philipson, IV, R. Swartz, 0. 1976. 4 Synopsis of the Malesian Species of Osmoxylon 1789. St>hsanthes, et nytt orteslugte. Svenska Vetenskaps (including Boerlagiodendron), Araliaceae. Blumea, Akademien. Handlingar, series 2, 103295-303. 23:99-119. IYild, H. Reed, C. F. 1965. The '4frican Species of the Genus Melanthera Rohr. 1968. Index Thelypteridis. Phytologia, 17(4):249-328. Kirkia, 5:l-17. .4calypha, 1, 7 Boraginaceae, 23 amboynensis, 8 Borreria hispida, 29 amentacea, 7, 8, 10 repens, 30 amentacea ssp. amentacea, 8, 11 rotundifolia, 29, 30 amentacea var. amentacea, 8 Brtiguiera, 1, 15 amentacea var, grandis, 8, 10 amentacea var, heterotricha, 9 Calliandra, 1, 6 amentacea var. palauensis, 9, 10 haematocephala, 6 amentacea var. trukensis, 10 haematomma, 6 amentacea varieties, 11 inaequilatera, 6 amentacea var, velutina, 10 Callicarpa 1, 25 amentacea f. wilkesiana, 11 cana, 25 amentacea ssp. wilkesiana, 9, 10 cana xar. integrifolia, 25 amentacea ssp. wilkesiana f. circinata, 11 cana var. integrifolia f. glabriuscula, 25 angatensis, 7, 10 candicans, 25, 26 betulina, 7 candicans \ar. candicans, 25 cardioph:lla, 11 candicans tar, integrifolia, 25 cardioptillla var. cardiophylla, 11, 12 cancticans var. integrifolia f. glabriuscula, 25 cardiopliLlla Lar. ponapensis, 11 candicans 1 ar. integrifolia f. integrifolia, 25 caturus, 11 candicans ~ar.paucinervia, 25 fruticma, 7, 9 candicans tar. ponapensis, 26 grandis, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 elegans, 26 grandis \ ar. amboynensis, 8 erioclona, 26 grandis xar. velutina, 10 erioclona f. glabrescens, 25 ponapensis, 11 erioclona var. paucinerbia, 25 spicigera, 11 glabra, 26 stipulacea, 7, 8 lamii, 26 tomentosa, 10 lammii, 26 trukensis, 10 paucinervia, 25 wilkesiana, 7, 8, 10, 11 Calophrllum, 1, 12 Acanthaceae, 26 cholobtaches, 12, 13 Amaracarpus, 28 inophyllum, 12 carolinianus, 29 inophyllum var. wakamatsui, 12 heteropoides, 29 pelewensis, 12, 13 hirtellus, 29 soulattri, 12, 13 kanehirae. 29 wakamatsui, 12 kiisaiensis, 29 Carissa grandis, 20 kraemeri. 29 Celastraceae, 12 ladronicus, 29 Cenchriis lappaceus, 5 inalaspinae, 29 Centosteca, 1, 5 mariannensis, 29 lappacea, 5 miiscosiis, 28 Centotheca, 5 rotensis, 29 latifolia, .i ,411t tiocleist a, 1R Chorisepalum, 18 Araceae, .5 Christella carolinensis, 4 .Araliaceae, 15 rupicola, 5 Chr!soph)llum sp., 17 Bar1 ingtonia a3iatica. 19 Citriillus, 1, 15 Roe1 lagiodendron, 15 caffer, 15 mariannense, 16 lanatus, 15 pachrphjllum, 16 lanatus var, caffer, 15 piilclierrimum, 16 lanatus Iar. caffrorum, 15 truncatum. 16 vulgaris var. caffrorum, 15

37 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY Clusiaceae, 12 rumiyo var. rumiyo, 14 Compositae, 30 trukensis, 13 Conyza chinensis, 30 Geniostoma, 1, 21,22 patula, 30 glaberrima, 22 Cucurbita caffra, 15 hoeferi, 21, 22, 23 Curbitaceae, 15 hoeferi var. glabrum, 21, 23 CIanopis pubescens, 30 longistylum, 22, 23 Cyclosorus jaculosus, 4 micranthum, 21, 22 michanthum bar, hoeferi, 23 Dicranopteris, 4 micranthum var. micranthum, 23 linearis lar. latiloba, 4 micranthum var. paganense, 23 Drpopteris carolinensis, 4 rupestre immersa, 4 saipanense, 22 rupicola, 5 Gentianaceae, 18 Gentianothamnus, 18 Fgeria, 5 Ceophila, 1,27 densa, 5 reniformis var. asiatica, 2i Elatostema, 1, 6 repens, 27 calcareum, 6 repens var. asiatica, 27 diIaricatum, 6 Glaphpropteris palauensis, 4 sessile, 6 rupicola, 5 stenoph\llum, 6 Gleicheniaceae, 1 Epipremnum, 6 Gleichenia, 1, 4 carolinense, 5, 6 linearis var. latiloba, 4 palauense, 6 Gnetaceae, 4 Eranthemum acuminatissum, 26 Gnetum, 1,5 laxiflorum, 27 gnemon, 5 pulchellum, 27 Gramineae, 5 reticulatum, 26 Guettarda, 19 Euphorbiaceae, 7 speciosa, 19 Eustoma, 18 Guttiferae, 12

Fabaceae, 6 Fagraea, I, 18 berteriana, 19 berteriana lar. berteriana, 20 berteriana var. galilai, 20,21 berteriana var. kusaiana, 20 berteriana var. ladronica, 20 berteriana iar. pogas, 20,21 berteriana var. sair, 20, 21 galilai, 20 grandis, 20 ksid, 19, 21 kusaiana, 20 morindifolia, 19 sair, 21 sair Tar pogas, 21 schlechteri, 20 Flacourtia, 1, 14 rukam, 14 riikam lar. micronesica, 14 Flacourtiaceae. 14 macrantha Yar. palauica, 12 Hippocrateaceae, 12 Garcinia, 1, 13 Holcus latifolius, 5 ponapensis, 13 Hvdrilla, 1, 5 ponapensis var. trukensis, 13 verticillata, 5 ritmijo, 14 Hydrocharitaceae, 5 rumi\o \ar calcicola, 14 Hymenophyllaceae, 1 SUhlBER 45 39

Hvmenophyllum, 1, 4 I’outeria, 1, 17 digitatum, 1 calcarea, 17 micronesica, 17 Langeveldia, 6 obovata, 17 Leguminosae, 6 Procris divaricata, 6 Leptopetalum, 28 Pseuderanthemum, 1, 26 kanehirae, 28 acuminatissimum, 26 Lipocliaeta, 31, 32 bicolor, 27 I>i gi an t 21 11 s, 18 carruthersii var, atropurpureum, 26 Loesineriella, 1, 12 carruthersii var, carruthersii, 26 macrantha, 12 carruthersii var, reticulatum, 26 macrantha \ar. macrantha, 12 inclusum 26, 27 macrantha var. palauica, 12 jaluitense, 26 Lmga n iaceae, 2 1 laxiflorum, 26, 27 palauense, 26, 27 Macrocarpaea, 18 pulchellum, 27 Medinilla, 1, I5 sumatrense, 26 niedinilliana, 15 l’s?.chotria, 1, 28 rosea, 1.5 carolinensis, 28, 29 \Ielantliera, 31, 32 hirtella, 29 nivea. 31 hombroniana, 28 \felo~hria.15 hombroniana var. hirtella, 29 giiarnensis. 15 hombroniana var. hombroniana, 20 Xfelastoma, 1, 15 hombi oniana ar. kirsaiensis, 21) t , ma laba h ricum 15 hombroniana \ ar. malaspinae, 29 malal~athricurnt’ar. marianniim hornbroriiana tar. squarrosa, 29 rnariannuni, 1.5 niacroph\lla, 29 niedinilliana. I5 malaspinae, 28, 29 \felastoma taceae, 1.5 ponapensis, 28, 29 Microgoniurn falsinervulosum, 4 tahitense, 4 Rapanea, 17 Xlicrotrichomanes, 4 carolinensis, 17 digitatrim, 1 ledermannii, 17 Xfvrsinaceae, 17 palauensis, 17 Mynine, 1, 17 Rhaphidophora, 1, 5 carolinensis, 17 carolinensis, 5 ledermannii, 1 i koidzumii, 6 palauensis. 17 palauensis, 6 Rhizophoraceae, 15 Olden la ntlia a1h ido-punctata , 28 Rondeletia repens, 27 strigulosa, 28 Rubiaceae, 27 Osmoxylon, 1, 15 Rusbyanthus, 18 rn a r ia n neuse , 16 oli\eri, 16 Sapotaceae, 17 pachvpl~vllllrn,16 Serpicula t.erticillata, 5 p~~lcher~-irn~~rn,16 Sideroxjlon, 17 truncatum. Ifi calcareum, 1 7 micronesicurn, 17 Pellionia. 6 Spermacoce, 1, 29 cli\aricata, 6 articularis, 29 Phaleria nisidai, 5 costata, 27, 28 I’lanclionella, 1 7 ernstii, 29 calcarea. 17 hispida. 29, 30 rnicronesica. 17 ocrmoides, 30 Poaceae, 5 repens, 30 Poljpodiaceae. sensu lato, 4 Stemmodontia, 30 Potalia, 18 biflora, 33 amara. 18 canescens, 33 Potaliae, 18 Symbolanthus, 18 40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

Stxlosanthes, 1, 6 L'erbenaceae, 25 guianensis, i Verbesina, 31 guJannensis, i argentea, 33 humilis, 7 biflora, 32, 33 sundaica, i canescens, 33 Fundaicus, 6, i strigulosa, 33 Vernonia, 1, 30 rachia, 18 chinensis, 30 guianensis, 18 patula, 30 Tachiadenus, 18 patula var. pubescens, 30 Tachiineae, 18 1 illosa, 30 l'helypteris, 1, 4 IVedelia, 30, 31, 32 carolinensis, 4 aigentea, 33 jaculosus, 4 aristata, 33 peliliuensis, 4 biflora, 31, 32, 33 rupicola, 4 biflora \ar. canescens, 31, 33, 34 rupi-insularis, 4 canescens, 33 subpubescens, 4 fruticosa, 31 I.richomanes, 1, 4 strigulosa, 33 craspedoneurum, 4 trilobata, 31 digitaturn, 1 il'ollastonia, 1, 30, 32 falsinen ulosum, 4 argentea, 32 omphalodes, 1 hiflora, 32, 33 tahitense, 4 hiflora lar. biflora, 32, 33 Trifolium guianense, 7 hiflora lar. canescans, 32 guyannense, 7 canescens. 32, 33 scabriuscula, 32, 33 L'ragoga hombroniana, 28, 29 strigulosa. 33 Crticaceae, 6 Lehneria, 1, 15 t'rtica candicans, 25 guamensis, 15