DOCSLIB.ORG

IVNO'issx.JQH<I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
IVNO'issx.JQH<I -frf fti IVNO'ISSX.JQH<I Hydrothermal Systems of the Cascade Range, North-Central Oregon By S.E. INGEBRITSEN, R.H. MARINER, and D.R. SHERROD GEOHYDROLOGY OF GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1044-L UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Robert M. Hirsch, Acting Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ingebritsen, S.E. Hydrothermal systems of the Cascade Range, north-central Oregon / by S.E. Ingebritsen, R.H. Mariner, and D.R. Sherrod. p. cm. (Geological Survey professional paper ; 1044-L) (Geohydrology of geothermal systems) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.16:1044-L 1. Geothermal resources Cascade Range. 2. Geothermal resources Oregon. I. Mariner, R.H. II. Sherrod, David R. III. Title. IV. Series. V. Series: Geohydrology of geothermal systems. GB1199.7.07I54 1994 551.2'3'09795 dc20 94-3127 CIP For sale by USGS Map Distribution, Box 25286, MS306 Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract.......................................................................................... LI Thermal waters Continued Introduction................................................................................... 1 Heat transport....................................................................... L34 Purpose and scope................................................................. 2 Conductive heat flow.................................................................... 35 Previous investigations ........................................................ 2 Conductive heat-flow map ................................................... 36 Acknowledgments.................................................................. 4 Area of low-to-zero near-surface heat flow........................ 40 Geologic setting............................................................................. 4 Areas of high conductive heat flow.................................... 41 Stratigraphy.......................... ............................................. 5 Heat budget................................................................................... 41 Structure................................................................................. 8 Conceptual models........................................................................ 44 Quaternary extrusion rates................................................. 9 Implications of regional gravity, magnetic, and Hydrologic setting......................................................................... 10 electrical geophysical data............................................... 44 Precipitation........................................................................... 10 Testing the conceptual models............................................ 48 Stable-isotope data................................................................ 10 Numerical simulations................................................................. 49 Ground-water recharge estimates ...................................... 16 Permeability structure .................: ..................................... 50 Nonthermal ground-water chemistry ................................ 18 Breitenbush section .............................................................. 50 Thermal waters............................................................................. 24 McKenzie River section........................................................ 59 Location of hot springs......................................................... 24 Heat transfer rates and residence times .......................... 65 Stable-isotope data................................................................ 26 Comparison with other volcanic-arc areas ............................... 65 Thermal-water chemistry .................................................... 28 Summary........................................................................................ 66 Geothermometry.................................................................... 29 References cited ............................................................................ 67 Residence times ..................................................................... 30 Appendix: Conductive heat-flow data...................................... 73 Hot-spring discharge rates .................................................. 31 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates are in pocket] PLATE 1. Generalized map of the Cascade Range, north-central Oregon, showing deuterium data. 2. Generalized geologic map of the Cascade Range, north-central Oregon, showing conductive heat-flow data. Page FIGURE 1. Map showing location of study area............................................................................................................................................. L3 2. Map showing generalized setting of Cascade volcanic arc in Washington and Oregon and extent of Quaternary volcanic deposits .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Generalized geologic map of Cascade Range and adjacent areas of north-central Oregon between latitudes 44° and 45°15' N. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 4. Map showing average annual precipitation in and near study area and areas for which ground-water recharge is estimated ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 5. Graph showing relation between deuterium and oxygen-18 contents for waters sampled in and near study area....... 12 6. Graph showing relation between deuterium content and elevation for waters sampled in and near study area.......... 12 7. Map showing surficial geology and location of streamflow-gaging stations in basins for which ground-water recharge was estimated .............................................................................................................................................................. 16 8. Hydrographs for major streams in basins for which ground-water recharge was estimated ............................................. 17 9. Trilinear diagram showing chemical analyses of nonthermal ground waters and hot springs ......................................... 19 10. Map showing sodium concentrations in waters sampled in and near study area ................................................................ 23 11. Map showing location of hot springs, generalized topography, selected geologic structures, Quaternary volcanic rocks, water-table elevations in Deschutes basin, and amount of heat transported advectively by hot-spring systems ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 12. Graph showing relation between deuterium content and elevation for waters on or west of Cascade Range crest...... 26 13. Graph showing calculation of hot-spring discharge with solute-flux methods...................................................................... 34 14. Graph showing temperature-depth profiles from heat-flow sites 13, 38a, 79a, and 85....................................................... 36 15. Graph showing temperature-depth profiles from relatively deep drill holes in study area ............................................... 36 16. Maps showing conductive heat-flow contours ............................................................................................................................ 40 17. Graph showing temperature-depth profiles from drill holes collared in rocks older than 7 Ma in Breitenbush Hot Springs area.......................................................................................................................................................................^ 41 18. Conceptual models of thermal structure of the north-central Oregon Cascades .................................................................. 45 19. Graphs showing relation between heat flow and gravity data ............................................................................................... 46 in IV CONTENTS Page FIGURE 20. Map showing relation between near-surface heat flow, Curie-depth boundaries, and deep-crustal electrical conductor .........................................................................................................................................................................^ L47 21. Graph showing relation between spring temperature and elevation ................................................................................... 49 22. Map of Breitenbush Hot Springs area showing thermal and nonthermal mineral springs, Quaternary volcanic rocks, electrically conductive zones, and 100°C contour.................................................................................................... 52 23. Generalized lithologic section used for numerical simulation of Breitenbush Hot Springs system ............................... 53 24. Diagrams
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appeal of Developed Recreation Site Concessionaire Permit Decision
    po box 12065 portland, or 97212 503-331-0374 www.bark-out.org APPEAL TO THE REGIONAL FORESTER OF THE UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE REGION 6 APPELLANT’S NOTICE OF APPEAL, REQUESTED RELIEF, AND STATEMENT OF REASONS Dated this April 5, 2012 NOTICE OF APPEAL To: Regional Forester Appeal Deciding Officer USDA Forest Service PO Box 3623 Portland, OR 97208 Email: [email protected] RE: Developed Recreation Site Concessionaire Permit Decision In accordance with 36 CFR 215, Bark hereby appeals the Environmental Assessment (“EA”) and Decision Notice (“DN” or “Decision”) for the Developed Recreation Site Concessionaire Permit (“Concessionaire Permit”). Decision Document: Developed Recreation Site Concessionaire Permit Decision Notice and Finding of No Significant Impact Date Decision published: Feb.23, 2012 Responsible Official: Chris Worth, Forest Supervisor, Mt. Hood National Forest (“MHNF”) Appeal Period End Date: April 7, 2012 Description of the Project: This project would transfer management of 28 public recreation sites currently managed by the U.S. Forest Service on public lands in the Mt. Hood National Forest to a private for-profit company. Location: Dispersed sites throughout Mt. Hood National Forest 1 – Appeal of Developed Recreation Site Concessionaire Permit Decision Appellant’s Interests: Bark has a specific interest in this decision, which would transfer management of public campgrounds to private companies. We have expressed our interest in this specific project, providing scoping comments, participating in open houses, and submitting PA comments. Bark is a non-profit organization based in Portland, Oregon and has worked to protect the MHNF since 1999. Staff, members, volunteers, supporters, and board members of Bark live in the communities surrounding the MHNF and use and enjoy the Forest extensively for recreation, drinking water, hunting, fishing, general aesthetic enjoyment, family gatherings, viewing flora and fauna, gathering forest products, and other purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropological Study of Yakama Tribe
    1 Anthropological Study of Yakama Tribe: Traditional Resource Harvest Sites West of the Crest of the Cascades Mountains in Washington State and below the Cascades of the Columbia River Eugene Hunn Department of Anthropology Box 353100 University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-3100 [email protected] for State of Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife WDFW contract # 38030449 preliminary draft October 11, 2003 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 4 Executive Summary 5 Map 1 5f 1. Goals and scope of this report 6 2. Defining the relevant Indian groups 7 2.1. How Sahaptin names for Indian groups are formed 7 2.2. The Yakama Nation 8 Table 1: Yakama signatory tribes and bands 8 Table 2: Yakama headmen and chiefs 8-9 2.3. Who are the ―Klickitat‖? 10 2.4. Who are the ―Cascade Indians‖? 11 2.5. Who are the ―Cowlitz‖/Taitnapam? 11 2.6. The Plateau/Northwest Coast cultural divide: Treaty lines versus cultural 12 divides 2.6.1. The Handbook of North American Indians: Northwest Coast versus 13 Plateau 2.7. Conclusions 14 3. Historical questions 15 3.1. A brief summary of early Euroamerican influences in the region 15 3.2. How did Sahaptin-speakers end up west of the Cascade crest? 17 Map 2 18f 3.3. James Teit‘s hypothesis 18 3.4. Melville Jacobs‘s counter argument 19 4. The Taitnapam 21 4.1. Taitnapam sources 21 4.2. Taitnapam affiliations 22 4.3. Taitnapam territory 23 4.3.1. Jim Yoke and Lewy Costima on Taitnapam territory 24 4.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Clackamas Subbasin Agricultural Water Quality Management Area Plan
    Clackamas Subbasin Agricultural Water Quality Management Area Plan March 2019 Developed by the: Oregon Department of Agriculture With support from the: Clackamas Local Advisory Committee Clackamas Soil and Water Conservation District oda.direct/AgWQPlans Clackamas Management Area Contacts: Oregon Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Programs 635 Capitol Street NE Salem, OR 97301 (503)-986-4700 Clackamas Subbasin Agricultural Water Quality Specialist Office: (503)-986-5141 Visit the website for more information and full copy of the area plan: oda.direct/AgWQPlans Clackamas Soil and Water Conservation District 221 Molalla Ave. Suite 102 Oregon City, OR 97045 (503)-210-6000 www.conservationdistrict.org Table of Contents Acronyms and Terms Used in this Document ............................................................................... i Required Elements of Area Plans ................................................................................................... iii Plan Content ........................................................................................................................................... iii Chapter 1: Agricultural Water Quality Management Program Purpose and Background ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose of Agricultural Water Quality Management Program and Applicability of Area Plans ..........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GEOLOGIC MAP of the MOUNT ADAMS VOLCANIC FIELD, CASCADE RANGE of SOUTHERN WASHINGTON by Wes Hildreth and Judy Fierstein
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TO ACCOMPANY MAP 1-2460 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE MOUNT ADAMS VOLCANIC FIELD, CASCADE RANGE OF SOUTHERN WASHINGTON By Wes Hildreth and Judy Fierstein When I climbed Mount Adams {17-18 August 1945] about 1950 m (6400') most of the landscape is mantled I think I found the answer to the question of why men by dense forests and huckleberry thickets. Ten radial stake everything to reach these peaks, yet obtain no glaciers and the summit icecap today cover only about visible reward for their exhaustion... Man's greatest 2.5 percent (16 km2) of the cone, but in latest Pleis­ experience-the one that brings supreme exultation­ tocene time (25-11 ka) as much as 80 percent of Mount is spiritual, not physical. It is the catching of some Adams was under ice. The volcano is drained radially vision of the universe and translating it into a poem by numerous tributaries of the Klickitat, White Salmon, or work of art ... Lewis, and Cis pus Rivers (figs. 1, 2), all of which ulti­ William 0. Douglas mately flow into the Columbia. Most of Mount Adams and a vast area west of it are Of Men and Mountains administered by the U.S. Forest Service, which has long had the dual charge of protecting the Wilderness Area and of providing a network of logging roads almost INTRODUCTION everywhere else. The northeast quadrant of the moun­ One of the dominating peaks of the Pacific North­ tain, however, lies within a part of the Yakima Indian west, Mount Adams, stands astride the Cascade crest, Reservation that is open solely to enrolled members of towering 3 km above the surrounding valleys.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin of Analcime in the Neogene Arikli Tuff, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey
    N. Jb. Miner. Abh. 189/1, 21 –34 Article Published online November 2011 Origin of analcime in the Neogene Arikli Tuff, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey Sevgi Ozen and M. Cemal Goncuoglu With 8 fi gures and 3 tables Abstract: The Arikli Tuff in the Behram Volcanics, NW Anatolia, is characterized by its dominance of authigenic analcime. It was studied by optical microscopy, XRD, SEM/EDX, and ICP for a better understanding of the analcime formation, which occurs as coarse-grained euhedral to subhedral crystals in pores and pumice fragments as well as in clusters or fi ne-grained single crystals embedded in the matrix. Besides analcime, K-feldspar, dolomite, and smectite are found as further authigenic minerals. Based on the dominance of these authigenic minerals, the tuffs are petrographically separated into phyllosilicate-bearing vitric tuff, dolomite- rich vitric tuff, and K-feldspar-dominated vitric tuff. No precursor of zeolites other than analcime was detected. Petrographical and SEM investigations indicate that euhedral to subhedral analcime crystals found as a coarse-grained fi lling cement in voids and pumice fragments are precipitated from pore water, whereas fi ne-grained disseminated crystals are formed by the dissolution- precipitation of glassy material. Hydrolysis of glassy material that is similar in composition to analcime provides the additional Na, Al, Si, and K elements which are necessary for the formation of analcime. Key words: Alteration, analcime, Neogene tuff, NW Turkey, volcanic glass. Introduction (Kopenez), Kirka (Karaoren), Urla, Bahcecik-Golpazari- Goynuk, Nallihan-Cayirhan-Beypazari-Mihaliccik, Ka- Tuffs deposited in lacustrine conditions present a unique lecik-Hasayaz-Sabanozu-Candir, Polatli-Mülk-Oglakci- opportunity to study the zeolite-forming processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment Developed Recreation Site Concessionaire Permit Mt. Hood National Forest Clackamas, Hood River, And
    Environmental Assessment Developed Recreation Site Concessionaire Permit United States Mt. Hood National Forest Department Clackamas, Hood River, and Wasco Counties, Oregon of Agriculture For Information, Contact: Malcolm Hamilton Forest 16400 Champion Way Service Sandy, Oregon 97030 Berm eo 503.668.1792 2012 [email protected] Keeps Mill Campground, Mt. Hood National Forest The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 – PUROSE AND NEED FOR ACTION 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Document Structure 9 1.3 Background 10 1.4 Desired Conditions 12 1.5 Purpose and Need for Action 14 1.6 Proposed Action 14 1.7 Decision Framework 15 1.8 Management Direction
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Reactions in the Sedimentary Deposits of the Lake Magadi Region, Kenya
    Mineral reactions in the sedimentary deposits of the Lake Magadi region, Kenya RONALD C. SURD AM Department of Geology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071 HANS P. EUGSTER Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 ABSTRACT hand, the initial alkalic zeolite that will form in a specific alkaline lake environment cannot yet be predicted with confidence. Among The authigenic minerals, principally zeolites, in the Pleistocene to the many parameters controlling zeolite distribution, the compo- Holocene consolidated and unconsolidated sediments of the sitions of the volcanic glasses and of the alkaline solutions are cer- Magadi basin in the Eastern Rift Valley of Kenya have been inves- tainly of primary importance. tigated. Samples were available from outcrops as well as drill cores. Most zeolite studies are concerned with fossil alkaline lakes. The following reactions can be documented: (1) trachytic glass + While it is generally easy to establish the composition of the vol- H20 —» erionite, (2) trachytic glass + Na-rich brine —* Na-Al-Si gel, canic glass, the brines responsible for the authigenic reactions have + + (3) erionite + Na analcime + K + Si02 + H20, (4) Na-Al-Si long since disappeared. To overcome this handicap, it is desirable gelanalcime + H20, (5) calcite + F-rich brine—> fluorite + C03 , to investigate an alkaline lake environment for which glass as well (6) calcite + Na-rich brine —» gaylussite, and (7) magadiite —• as brine compositions can be determined — in other words, a + quartz + Na + H20. Erionite is the most common zeolite present, modern alkaline lake environment. Such an environment is Lake but minor amounts of chabazite, clinoptilolite, mordenite, and Magadi of Kenya.
    [Show full text]
  • IC-62, Heat Flow Studies in the Steamboat Mountain-Lemei Rock
    ,. \\ :\ .J ~\ .... 7 \; t,6 i u2 W~~fnffl:RY u.no C ';I, .... DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES i n BERT L. COLE, Commissioner of Public Lands ; RALPH A. BESWICK Supervisor I: s DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES VAUGHN E. LIVINGSTON, JR., State Geologist INFORMATION CIRCULAR 62 HEAT FLOW STUDIES IN THE STEAMBOAT MOUNTAIN-LEMEI ROCK AREA, SKAMANIA COUNTY, WASHINGTON BY J. ERIC SCHUSTER, DAVID D. BLACKWELL, PAUL E. HAMMOND, and MARSHALL T. HUNTTING Final report to the NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION on sponsored proiect AER75 ... 02747 1978 STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES BERT L COLE, Commissioner of Public Lands RALPH A. BESWICK Supervisor DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES VAUGHN E. LIVINGSTON, JR., State Geologist INFORMATION CIRCULAR WA He<1.t iluw 33.J. -7 stu.diei::,; ln the .M6 t> i Stean, l:on. t --- bJ. ~uu,i ta i u-.Lem~ i 1970 Jiuck d.rea, Skaina11ia Cuunt),, W a i'ii1 i u ~ton HEAT FLOW STUDIES IN THE STEAMBOAT MOUNTAIN-LEMEI ROCK AREA, SKAMANIA COUNTY, WASHINGTON BY J. ERIC SCHUSTER, DAVID D. BLACKWELL, PAUL E. HAMMOND, and MARSHALL T. HUNTTING Final report to the NATIONAL SC !ENCE FOUNDATION on sponsored project AER75-02747 1978 CONTENTS Abstract ................. , . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Introduction ..................................................................... , • . 2 Acknowledgments • • • • • • . • • . • . • • . • . • . • . • . • . • • • • • • . • • • • . • . 3 Geo logy • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • . • • . • . • . • • . • . 4 Genera I features ............................
    [Show full text]
  • Enjoy Hot Springs in America 11 BEST PLACES to ENJOY HOT SPRINGS in AMERICA
    11 Best Places to Enjoy Hot Springs in America 11 BEST PLACES TO ENJOY HOT SPRINGS IN AMERICA Belief in the healing properties of fresh, natural warm water dates back millennia. In Ancient Greece and Rome, public fresh water baths were considered sacred. Thermal baths provided rest, recreation and recuperation for healthy and wounded soldiers there. In North America, evidence of Paleo-Indian settlements near hot springs dates back more than 10,000 years. Ancients knew what science has since proven. Warm water relaxes, relieves and rejuvenates. Immersion has a calming effect on the body and mind. The intimacy and warmth nurture a special closeness to those with whom we share the experience. The natural setting refreshes our senses and resets our connection to the world we live in. The quest for therapeutic warm water experiences continues today. We present this list of America’s best hot springs to inspire you to learn the unique qualities of each location, to discover the joys of hot springs if you haven’t yet, and to remind you of how much you already love making time for a hot spring on a regular basis. CONTENTS 11. Arkansas Hot Springs National Park, Hot Springs, Arkansas 10. Bagby Hot Springs, Mount Hood National Forest, Oregon 9. Chena Hot Springs, Alaska 8. Conundrum Hot Springs, Colorado 7. Dunton Hot Springs, Colorado 6. Deep Creek Hot Springs, San Bernardino, California 5. Glenwood Springs, Colorado 4. Sawtooth National Forest, Idaho 3. Fifth Water Hot Springs, Diamond Fork Canyon, Utah 2. Yellowstone Boiling River Swimming Area, Wyoming 1. The Hot Spring® You Can Enjoy All Year ‘Round 11 Arkansas Hot Springs National Park, Hot Springs, Arkansas Arkansas Hot Springs National Park, Hot Springs, Arkansas LOCATION The Hot Springs National Park Visitor’s Center is located at 369 Central Ave, Hot Springs, AR 71901.
    [Show full text]
  • DOGAMI Open-File Report O-76-05, Preliminary Report on The
    PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE RECONNAISSANCE GEOLOGY OF THE UPPER CLACKAMAS AND NORTH SANTIAM RIVERS AREA, CASCADE RANGE, OREGON by Paul E. Hammond Geologist Portland, Oregon July 1976 DRAFT COpy TABLE OF CONTENT S Summary of Main Geologic Findings . i" ~o~ s~, t- ,'j > <:},. Preliminary Evaluation of Geothermal Resource~ti~ ~ Introdul:tion Objectlves Accessibility Method of Mapping Rock Nomenclature Rock Units Introduction Western Cascade Group Beds at Detroit (Td) Breitenbush Tuff (Tbt) Nohorn Formation (Tnh) Bull Creek Beds (Tbc) Outerson Formation (To) Cub Point Formation (Tcp) Gordan Peak Formation (Tgp) Columbia River Basalt (Ter) Rhododendron Formation (Tr) Cheat Creek Beds (Tee) Scar Mountain Beds (sm) Miscellaneous Lava Flows: Vitrophyric Basalt of Lost Creek (TIc) Vitrophyric Andesite of Coopers and Boulder Ridges (Tcbr) Intrusive Rocks Trout Creek Vitrophyre (Titc) Basalt Dikes and Plugs (Tib) Hornblende Andesite (Tiha) Pyroxene Andesite (Tipa) Pyroxene Diorite (Tlpd) Possible Ouaternary Intrusions (Ql) High Cascade Group Older High Cascade Volcanic Rocks (OTb) Younger High Cascade Volcanic Rocks (Qb) Mount Jefferson Volcanic Deposits (OJ) Surficial Depo.its Glacial Deposits (f(jt, Qjo; Qst I Qso) Landslides (Qls) Talus (Qts) Alluvium (Qal) Structure Introduction Folds Faults Some General Observations High Cascade Graben or Volcano-Tectonic Depression Arching of the Cascade Range References - 1 - SUMMARY OF MAIN GEOLOGIC FINDINGS The upper Clackamas and North Santiam River area, covering about 635 square miles (1645 sq. km.) lies in the northwestern part of the Cascade Range, just west of Mount Jefferson. The area is underlain by over 20,000 feet (6100 m.) of volcanic strata of the probable upper part of the western Cascade Volcanic Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Primary Igneous Analcime: the Colima Minettes
    American Mineralogist, Volume 74, pages216-223, 1989 Primary igneous analcime: The Colima minettes Jlnrns F. Lurrn Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences,Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63 130, U.S.A. T. Kunrrs Kvsnn Department of Geological Sciences,University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W0, Canada Ansrnrcr Major-element compositions, cell constants, and oxygen- and hydrogen-isotopecom- positions are presentedfor six analcimes from differing geologicenvironments, including proposed primary @-type) analcime microphenocrysts from a late Quaternary minette lava near Colima, Mexico. The Colima analcimehas X.,.,",: 0.684, ao: 13.712A, and one of the lowest D'sOvalues yet recorded for analcime (+9.28m).The major difficulty in identifuing primary @-type) igrreousanalcime is distinguishing it from analcime formed by ion-exchangeconversion of leucite (L-type analcime) or other precursor minerals. Pet- rographic criteria are shown to be unreliable in discriminating P and L analcimes,although the higher KrO and Rb contents and D'8Ovalues of L-type crystals may be diagnostic. P- and L-type analcimescan be distinguishedfrom classichydrothermal varieties (H-type) by the lower Fe contents of the latter. H-type analcimes,however, can have 6t8Ovalues as low as 8.9Vmand cannot be distinguished from P-type analcimes by this criterion. Analcimes formed from volcanic glass or zeolite precursorsin saline, alkaline lakes (S- type) or metamorphic sequences(M-type) can be distinguished from other varieties by their higher silica contents, smaller cell constants,and higher d'8O values of > + 17.7Vm. For all types of analcime, d'8O of the channel water does not correlate with 6180of the framework oxygen.
    [Show full text]
  • Geothermometry of Two Cascade Geothermal Systems
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 12-8-2016 Geothermometry of Two Cascade Geothermal Systems Donnel Alexander Malkemus Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Geology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Malkemus, Donnel Alexander, "Geothermometry of Two Cascade Geothermal Systems" (2016). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3369. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5260 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Geothermometry of Two Cascade Geothermal Systems by Donnel Alexander Malkemus A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology Thesis Committee: Robert B. Perkins, Chair Max Rudolph Carl Palmer Portland State University 2016 ABSTRACT For this thesis I applied classical and multi-component geothermometry techniques to new water chemistry data from Breitenbush Hot Springs, Oregon and the Wind River Valley, Washington. A total of 20 well, spring, and stream samples from Breitenbush Hot Springs and 4 spring samples from the Wind River Valley were collected and analyzed for major, minor, and select trace anions and cations, as well as stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. I used two computer programs, GeoT and RTEst, to conduct multi- component geothermometry reservoir condition estimation on each water sample. Water chemistry data from Breitenbush Hot Springs indicates a range of thermal, nonthermal, and mixed waters in wells and springs.
    [Show full text]