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2017 1906 FECRIS Version Fr LES MOUVEMENTS ANTISECTES ET LA LAÏCITÉ LE CAS DE LA FECRIS Faculty for Comparative Study of Religions and Humanism Bist 164 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerpen Belgium Tel. +32 3 8305158 Email: [email protected] Website: http://antwerpfvg.org Editeur: Chris Vonck Editeurs associés : Ann Babb, Eric Laureys, Rit Van den Bergh, Josephine Van Otten, Leslie Versweyveld, Donald Westbrook. Comité consultatif : R. Dericquebourg (Paris) – H. Gerding (Leiden) – F. Gharaie (Mashhad) – D. De Smet (CNRS-Paris) – D. Thomas (Birmingham) – S.S. Kapoor (London) – J. Rosen (New York) – Ch. Prapandviya (Bangkok) – Satya Narayana Dasa (Vrindavan) Politique éditoriale Acta Comparanda désire faire preuve d’ouverture et être un lieu de rencontre de toutes les religions, traditions religieuses et philosophies de vie. La revue accueille des contributions visant à révéler et à étudier en profondeur tout ce qui permet d’optimiser une meilleure com- préhension des entrelacements interreligieux et autres. Elle vise à être une plateforme interna- tionale pour des échanges d’idées et d’opinions dans un monde pluraliste. Acta Comparanda est au cœur de la tornade théologique et philosophique qui balaie le monde. Les contributions d’auteurs de diverses traditions religieuses et les recensions des livres les plus récents confè- rent à la publication un rayonnement international. Aucune partie de cette revue ne peut être reproduite sous quelque forme que ce soit – impres- sion, photo, microfilm ou tout autre moyen - sans l’autorisation écrite de l’éditeur. Les vues de chacun des auteurs leur sont propres et les éditeurs ne les partagent pas nécessai- rement. Numéros antérieurs de la revue : Voir http://antwerpfvg.org Paiements : 21 EUR pour la Belgique – 36 EUR pour l’Europe – 46 EUR pour le reste du monde Compte bancaire : IBAN : 47 0011 3642 1280 – BIC : GEBABEBB – FVG Acta Comparan- da à Wilrijk-Antwerpen. Pour les Pays-Bas : IBAN : NL08INGB0003162270. BIC : INGBNL2A. Paypal : Voir http://antwerpfvg.org Imprimerie: Peeters (Orientaliste), B-3020 Herent LCC BL.1.A1 A385 ISSN 0779 9853 D/4032/2017/1 TABLE DES MATIÈRES AVANT-PROPOS...................................................................................................................... 1 FECRIS ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Fédération Européenne des Centres de Recherche et d’Information sur le Sectarisme ....... 3 FRANCE ................................................................................................................................. 13 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 14 La FECRIS et ses associations membres en France ............................................................ 16 RUSSIE ................................................................................................................................... 76 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 77 La FECRIS et ses associations membres en Russie ............................................................. 80 AUTRICHE .......................................................................................................................... 108 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 109 La FECRIS et son association membre en Autriche ........................................................... 111 ALLEMAGNE ...................................................................................................................... 135 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 136 La FECRIS et ses associations membres en Allemagne ..................................................... 139 SERBIE ................................................................................................................................. 154 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 155 La FECRIS et son association membre en Serbie .............................................................. 158 Conclusions et recommandations........................................................................................ 179 Index des auteurs .................................................................................................................. 182 | LES MOUVEMENTS ANTISECTES ET LA LAÏCITÉ | LE CAS DE LA FECRIS AVANT-PROPOS La laïcité trahie PATRICIA DUVAL & WILLY FAUTRE Depuis le début de ce siècle, les questions religieuses se sont invitées de façon pressante à la table des agendas politiques nationaux et internationaux mais dès les années 1980-1990, une question préoccupait déjà certains états européens : l’émergence de nouveaux groupes reli- gieux et spirituels « venus d’ailleurs », de l’Amérique du nord ou de l’Orient, ou l’apparition spontanée de nouvelles spiritualités, en dehors des Eglises traditionnelles et courants de pen- sées bien intégrés dans la société. La commission d’actes de violence isolés liés à certains groupes peu connus sur plusieurs continents, y compris en Europe, a alors bénéficié d’une large couverture médiatique, suscité une grande inquiétude parmi le public et fourni l’opportunité aux autorités politiques de cer- tains états européens d’invoquer une menace à l’ordre public et à la sécurité de leurs citoyens pour mettre en place des politiques dites antisectes visant à lutter contre les minorités jugées indésirables, principalement dans les pays francophones et germanophones d’Europe. Parallè- lement à ce développement, l’UNADFI (Union nationale des associations pour la défense de la famille et de l’individu), une association antisectes privée française financée pres- qu’intégralement par l’Etat, a créé en 1994 la Fédération européenne des centres de recherche et d’information sur le sectarisme, plus communément connue sous le nom de FECRIS. Cette Fédération basée en France et financée elle aussi presque intégralement par l’Etat fran- çais, a vocation à rassembler des groupes antisectes au niveau européen et exporter le modèle français hors de ses frontières. Elle est constituée par un ensemble hétéroclite d’organisations de divers pays. Les associations affiliées à la FECRIS ont des agendas affichés ou cachés : certaines s’en prennent aux mouvements religieux minoritaires pour défendre une Eglise his- torique dominante alors que d’autres sont motivées par leur hostilité à l’égard du religieux en général. Leur seul dénominateur commun est la lutte idéologique contre « les sectes » ou « certaines sectes ». La France chérit la liberté individuelle de pensée et d’opinion et a inscrit dans sa Constitution le respect de toutes les croyances. Elle porte également très haut les couleurs de la laïcité, principe fondateur de la séparation de l’Etat et des religions et de leur non-ingérence mutuelle dans leurs affaires intérieures. On aurait pu s’attendre à ce que la FECRIS inscrive ses objec- tifs et son action dans l’esprit de la laïcité propre à son berceau et de la neutralité religieuse ou philosophique. Les auteurs de cette étude qui couvre cinq pays extirpent des profondeurs de leurs investiga- tions une image de la FECRIS qui trahit la laïcité française : le fait qu’elle et ses associations membres en France se vouent à stigmatiser les croyances ou idéologies « déviantes », sa col- lusion avec les Eglises luthérienne et catholique pour défendre leurs intérêts en Allemagne et en Autriche, le fait que l’association membre de la FECRIS en Russie regroupe une quinzaine d’organisations missionnaires et antisectes orthodoxes, toutes financées par l’Eglise ortho- doxe dont l’objectif principal consiste à ramener les convertis à d’autres religions dans le gi- ron de l’Eglise orthodoxe et à les ré-évangéliser dans des centres de « réhabilitation spiri- tuelle » tenus par des prêtres orthodoxes, les relations douteuses de la branche de la FECRIS en Serbie avec des ultra nationalistes orthodoxes proches de Milosevic. 1 Comme ces Eglises établies ont pour objectif prioritaire dans leur lutte antisectes d’éliminer la concurrence de nouveaux mouvements religieux, de défendre leur influence sur la vie poli- tique et de maintenir leurs valeurs chrétiennes comme normes pour toute la société de leurs pays respectifs, on aurait pu s’attendre à ce que l’Etat français ne soutienne pas moralement et financièrement la FECRIS mais reste neutre en la matière. Force est de constater que les gou- vernements successifs de l’Hexagone ont trahi la laïcité et les valeurs laïques françaises, sans doute par ignorance de ce que cette étude révèle maintenant. Le respect d’une laïcité tolérante et respectueuse de la diversité est, maintenant et à l’avenir, dans les mains du nouveau président et du nouveau gouvernement français fraîchement élus. 17 mai 2017 « Les mouvements antisectes et la laïcité : le cas de la FECRIS » est la traduction mise à jour de l’ouvrage publié en 2012 en anglais sous le titre « Freedom of Religion or Belief. An- ti-Sect Movements and State Neutrality: A Case Study : FECRIS » par The Journal of Beliefs and Worldviews, Technische Universität Dresden (Allemagne). S’adressant à un public fran- çais et francophone, il a été enrichi par des introductions spécifiques
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