Sustainable Airport Areas. Guidelines for Decision Makers
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SUSTAINABLE AIRPORT AREAS GUIDELINES FOR DECISION MAKERS MARCH 2018 METROPOLIS SECRETARIAT GENERAL THE PARIS REGION PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (IAU ILE-DE-FRANCE) WORLD ASSOCIATION OF THE MAJOR METROPOLISES IS A PUBLIC FOUNDATION RECOGNISED TO BE OF PUBLIC UTILITY BY A DECREE DATED 2 AUGUST 1960. AVINYÓ, 15. 08002 BARCELONA - SPAIN PHONE: (+34) 93 342 94 60 - FAX: (+34) 93 342 94 66 15, RUE FALGUIÈRE - 75740 PARIS CEDEX 15 - FRANCE www.metropolis.org PHONE: (+ 33) 1 77 49 77 49 - www.iau-idf.fr SUSTAINABLE AIRPORT AREAS GUIDELINES FOR DECISION MAKERS March 2018 IAU île-de-France - Paris Region Urban Planning and Development Agency 15 rue Falguière 75740 Paris cedex 15 Tél. : +33 (1) 77 49 77 49 – Fax: +33 (1) 77 49 76 02 http://www.iau-idf.fr Executive Director: Fouad Awada Urban planning department: Anca Duguet, Director Economic department: Vincent Gollain, Director Project manager: Teodora Nikolova Report carried out by Teodora Nikolova and Martin Hervouët With contribution from Vincent Gollain and Nicolas Boichon For the Metropolis Initiative on Sustainable Airport Areas (2015-2017) ISBN 978 2 7371 2074 9 Cover picture: IAU îdF Main partners of the Metropolis initiative on Sustainable airport areas: • The Paris Region Council (Conseil Régional d’Ile-de-France) • Hubstart Paris Region Association • ARC (Atlanta Regional Commission) • ARC (Airport Regions Conference) • GIP Emploi Roissy CDG • Orly International • Paris Aéroport • AMB (Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona) • Paris Region Entreprises Acknowledgements: The authors extend special thanks to Elisabeth Le Masson (Paris Aéroport / Hubstart Paris Region®), Sergi Alegre (Metropolitan Councilor of Barcelona Metropolitan Area and President of Airport Regions Conference (ARC)) and Lea Bodossian (ARC Secretary General) for their strong involvement in this project. The authors also wish to express their deepest gratitude to all the participants in the Sustainable Airport Areas workshops for their invaluable contribution to the success of the initiative. Thanks to their discussions and to the collective intelligence they have deployed throughout the three workshops, many key issues were raised and discussed, and many best practices were identified : Sergi Alegre, Jean-François Benon, Maÿlis Berthod, Lea Bodossian, Lia Brum, Piotr Brzeski, Haiyan Cai, Lingyu Cai, Frank Cannarozzo, Celia Charlet, Michael Cheyne, Alexandra Covrig, Jacques Cransac, Emmanuel De La Masselière, Eric De La Paillonne, Marc Deman, Hovic Der Sarkissian, Jean-Claude Detilleux, François Dubos, Julien Dufour, Lutz Franzke, Pascal Garreau, Marc Gentilhomme, Vincent Gollain, Jacques Grangé, Stuart Gulley, Pierre-Ludovic Guymar, Nicole Hall, Jae-Hyun Han, Géraldine Henry, Max Hirsh, Minna Honkanen, Istvan Hunyadi, Amel Issa, Katarzyna Jedruszczak, In-kyoung Kim, Marc Knoll, Per Kristersson, Nicolas Laruelle, Solène Le Coz, Hyun-mo Lee, Gaël Leon, Frederic Le Roux, Elisabeth Le Masson, Chris LeTourneur, Istvan Zoltan Levai, Sandra Lignais, Arja Lukin, Gerald MacDowell, Al Nash, Dany Nguyen-Long, Kaly Niang, Guylaine Paillaux, Hannu Penttilä, Suzanne Pierre-Louis, Marvin Pougnet, Olivier Quetard, Fernanda Rizzetto, Maria Ryden, Daraka Satcher, Marion Siegwald, Joachim Solda, Aissatou Thioubou, Jonathan Tuley, Divya Vasudeva, Flor Velarde, Pierre Vidailhet, Baoling Wang, Shawn Williams, Xin Yang, Mireia Zapata, Pauline Zeiger, Carol Zhan. 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 5 GOVERNANCE, VISION & STRATEGY .................................................................................................... 11 I. Manage the complexity and regulate the conflicts ................................................................... 11 II. Build a shared vision & strategy ................................................................................................ 17 URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................. 21 I. Integrate the airport area development into national and regional strategic planning ........... 22 II. Dynamic, flexible and adaptable urban planning ...................................................................... 23 III. Sustainable mobility and reliable multi-modal infrastructures ................................................. 25 IV. Spatial coherence and selective economic development of the airport area .......................... 27 V. Land is a scarce resource ........................................................................................................... 28 VI. Design of the airport city as a mixed-use city ........................................................................... 31 MOBILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY .............................................................................................................. 39 I. Demand knowledge is crucial, as passenger flow will reach new heights ................................ 39 II. Airport authorities must be involved in the local environmental and mobility strategies ....... 41 III. Emphasize public transportation for national and regional accessibility .................................. 43 IV. Ensure a high level of performance ........................................................................................... 45 V. Envision ground transportation from a passenger’s point of view ........................................... 47 VI. Incorporate the constraints of employees ................................................................................ 51 ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 53 I. Noise .......................................................................................................................................... 53 III. Climate Change .......................................................................................................................... 63 IV. Water and soil quality ............................................................................................................... 68 V. Protection of agricultural land .................................................................................................. 69 VI. Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................ 69 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & COMPETITIVENESS .............................................................................. 71 I. Assess and survey economic development in the airport area ................................................ 71 II. Foster a distinctive development strategy that builds on key assets of the airport area ......... 73 III. Support a balanced and inclusive economic development ....................................................... 75 SOCIAL INCLUSION & WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................... 81 I. Workforce development is key to linking social inclusion and economic development in airport areas ...................................................................................................................................... 81 II. Foster cooperation among workforce development partners within the airport area ............ 82 3 III. Survey the local labor market: what are the current and future recruitment needs of employers, and does the local workforce meet these needs? ......................................................... 84 IV. Provide high-impact workforce development programs .......................................................... 85 V. Connect local workers and job-seekers to training and job opportunities ............................... 88 MARKETING AND BRANDING ............................................................................................................... 91 I. Marketing & Branding: a Review of the Literature ................................................................... 91 II. Branding and Marketing Strategy: an overview of the 3 stages ............................................... 94 III. Stage 1: market surveys and definition of the strategic choices ............................................... 94 IV. Stage 2: the definition of the strategic choices ......................................................................... 95 V. Stage 3: The operational marketing .......................................................................................... 95 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 109 4 INTRODUCTION In a context of increasing globalization of trade, of rising international flows of goods and people, and the resulting global rise in air traffic, international airports have become strategic assets for the development and attractiveness of nations. What is true at the national level is also true at the more local scale of the areas surrounding an international airport, and whose own urban, demographic, social, economic and environmental development is closely linked to the presence of such major equipment. They even often become full-fledged economic and urban hubs within their metropolitan area. These territories, whose contours, perimeters and profiles can be very different from one geographical context to another, but which have in common that their destiny