Stavridis- Leadership Voices
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[0:00] [background noises] Sara: [0:13] We'd like to continue our program so that we stay on schedule as you continue to enjoy your meal. [0:20] It's now my pleasure to introduce the gentleman who helped make today's program possible. He's a former classmate of our distinguished speaker, and he's now chairman of the Phoenix Committee on Foreign Relations, a commercial litigation attorney with Jennings, Strouss & Salmon. He has also taught various legal subjects in the political science department at ASU and at the Thunderbird School of Global Management, along with courses including constitutional and supreme court of law. [0:51] Please welcome Phoenix Chairman of Foreign Relations, Paul Johnson. [0:55] [applause] Paul Johnson: [1:09] Well, Sarah, thank you very much and thank, thanks to all of you for being here. Uh, I'd also like to thank our sponsors, uh, particularly the McCain Institute, the Pakis Foundation, and the O'Connor house, all of whom have helped make this lunch possible. [1:25] And I would also be remiss if I didn't thank, uh, the staff of the O'Connor House and the staff of the Phoenix Committee on Foreign Relations, particularly Connie [indecipherable 0:01:33] for all the work they've done to put this lunch together. [1:36] [applause] Paul: [1:43] It is my pleasure today to introduce my friend and Naval Academy classmate, Admiral James Stavridis. [1:49] James has worn the uniform of a naval officer for more than 40 years, from 1972 until his retirement last summer. He began at Annapolis as a fourth class midshipman and ended his career as a four- star admiral and supreme allied commander in Europe. And James is the only naval officer to ever hold that position. [2:12] James has come full circle in several aspects of his extraordinary career. He actually comes to us today as a graduate of McClintock High School in Tempe and a former, and a former reporter for the Tempe Daily News while he was in high school. This is particularly fitting, given that the O'Connor House now calls Tempe home. [2:37] James entered the Naval Academy and graduated with honors as an appointee of Arizona Congressman John J. Rhodes. After retiring from the Navy last summer, Jim was appointed dean of the prestigious Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. [2:55] This also represents a full circle journey as he graduated from Fletcher with his master's and PhD degrees in 1984. And on that occasion he won the Gullion Prize as the top student in his class. His professors apparently were not surprised and very pleased to have him back as dean. [3:15] The admiral has always been a prolific writer. As a young naval officer he began writing for the Navy's professional magazine called "Proceedings" published by the US Naval Institute. He has since written over 100 articles and op-ed pieces that have appeared in many different defense and foreign policy publications. [3:35] Upon retirement from the Navy, in another instance of coming full circle, Jim became the Chairman of the Board of the US Naval Institute whose magazines published his first articles. [3:47] In addition to the more than 100 articles he's written, he's just finished writing his sixth book and is working on a seventh. Along the way during his 40-year naval career he commanded a destroyer, a destroyer squadron, the USS Enterprise battle group, the US Southern Command, and the US European Command. [4:09] His destroyer won the Battenberg Cup as the best ship in the Atlantic Fleet while he was in command. As the destroyer squadron commander he won the Navy League's John Paul Jones Inspirational Leadership Award. [4:22] He has won awards or decorations from some 30 nations and international organizations in addition to his many US decorations. [4:30] Jim's wife Laura has written the definitive guide for Navy spouses and he and Laura have two lovely and accomplished daughters, the older of whom works for Google. Their younger daughter received her commission as a Navy nurse the same summer that Jim retired from the Navy, carrying on a tradition of service from Jim's father, who was a Marine Corps officer and from Laura's father, who was a naval aviator. [4:56] I can testify that Jim is also an accomplished tennis and squash player, having been on the short end of the score many times while facing him. He is fluent in French and Spanish. He was an early advocate of the use of social media by military leaders and is an expert on cyber-security. [5:16] He is widely acclaimed as one of the top foreign and defense policy intellectuals of his time, a trait you will see on display today. [5:24] The New York Times was not understating the case when it dubbed him "a renaissance admiral." Please join me in giving Admiral Stavridis a warm Arizona welcome. [5:35] [applause] Admiral James Stavridis: [5:40] Thanks, Paul. [clears throat] Thanks. [inaudible 0:05:46] . [5:49] Great. Wow, what a great, uh, a great turnout today. And as Paul said, I am, uh, very proud to have some roots here in Arizona. Uh, McClintock High School, go Chargers. Uh, wonderful to be back and I know I have a few, uh, classmates and fellow folks in the crowd. [6:07] Generally, after such, uh, a gracious and frankly over the top introduction people say, "You know Stavridis, if you're so, if you're so cool, um, why, why are you not a naval aviator?" And... [6:26] [laughter] Admiral Stavridis: [6:28] And the reason is because I had, uh, a very traumatic incident, uh, right here at Sky Harbor Airport when I was a boy, which would be great if I turned that on first. [6:40] Ooh, let's go back. There it is. [6:43] [laughter] Admiral Stavridis: [laughs] [6:44] All right. What I'm going to talk about today is global security. And with a little bit of a focus, a drill down on cyber-security. But before we talk about 21st century security I want to talk very quickly about 20th century security. I want to look back. [7:09] And I want to begin by looking back exactly 100 years. This is a place in France. It is the West Point, if you will, of France. It's a place called Saint-Cyr, the military academy. These are young cadets 100 years ago, 1914, and they know they're going to go into battle. [7:31] They swear that they will wear their white gloves into battle and they do. By the fall of 1914 they are in combat. By 1918, by the end of the First World War, everybody in this photograph is dead. Everybody. Not most of them, some of them, not many were grievously wounded. All of them were killed. [7:56] This kicks off a cycle of violence in the 20th century that lasted, I would say, until the fall of the Berlin Wall. In my thesis for us today, as we think about 20th century security, this is the battle of Stalingrad, 1.7 million people killed in a one year period. Almost 17,000 a day. [8:24] My thesis for us about 20th century security is it was based on building walls. Maginot Line, the Siegfried Plan. The Berlin Wall. The Iron Curtain. The Bamboo Curtain. The Demilitarized Zones. We built these walls to try and create security. What we discovered is that walls don't work. The Berlin Wall, of course, is iconic of that. [8:51] This realization for me that walls don't work occurred on this day, on 9/11. When I was in my office, indicated by the little red circle there, and I watched the airplane hit the Pentagon. I was a one star admiral at the time. [9:13] And I thought to myself over the next week and month and year that on that day I was in the safest building in the world, protected by the greatest military on Earth in the capital of the richest country the world has ever known. I was protected by walls in every sense. Was I safe? Evidently not. [9:41] So, what I'd like to do today is talk about this transition in global security from trying to hide behind walls and keep ourselves safe in that regard and what we can do to build bridges because I would argue bridges are what create security in the 21st century because walls will not solve the security threats we face. [10:07] So let me kind of do a navy thing and look around the horizon with you a little bit at some of the challenges. I'll start with one that's well-known, violent extremism. Sometimes we call it terrorism, a bit of a misnomer. Terrorism is really a tactic, violent extremists who practice terrorism. [10:29] This is a series of photographs from Afghanistan, where a Taliban's justice court has just rendered judgment, and this man executes a woman by shooting her eight times in the back of the head. [10:46] The voice-over, you can see this on the Internet, is "The court has found her guilty of adultery. She must be executed. You must execute her because you are her husband." [11:03] This is violent extremism.