Pinguin Audio Meter Mac
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CCIF (Geneva, 1954)
This electronic version (PDF) was scanned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Library & Archives Service from an original paper document in the ITU Library & Archives collections. La présente version électronique (PDF) a été numérisée par le Service de la bibliothèque et des archives de l'Union internationale des télécommunications (UIT) à partir d'un document papier original des collections de ce service. Esta versión electrónica (PDF) ha sido escaneada por el Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT) a partir de un documento impreso original de las colecciones del Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la UIT. (ITU) ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺝ (PDF) ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻼ ً◌ 此电子版（PDF版本）由国际电信联盟（ITU）图书馆和档案室利用存于该处的纸质文件扫描提供。 Настоящий электронный вариант (PDF) был подготовлен в библиотечно-архивной службе Международного союза электросвязи путем сканирования исходного документа в бумажной форме из библиотечно-архивной службы МСЭ. © International Telecommunication Union INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE (C. C. I. F.) XVIIth PLENARY ASSEMBLY GENEVA, 4-12 OCTOBER, 1954 VOLUME III LINE TRANSMISSION MAINTENANCE Published by the International Telecommunication Union Geneva, 1956 INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE (C. C. I. F.) XVIIth PLENARY ASSEMBLY GENEVA, 4-12 OCTOBER, 1954 VOLUME III LINE TRANSMISSION MAINTENANCE PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK PAGE LAISSEE EN BLANC INTENTIONNELLEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME III OF THE GREEN BOOK OF THE C.C.I.F. Line Transmission Maintenance Page Tables summarising the characteristics of circuits: Telephony (and telegraphy)................................................................................................... 16 Programme transm issions.......................................................................................... 18 T elevision......................................... -
ABBREVIATIONS EBU Technical Review
ABBREVIATIONS EBU Technical Review AbbreviationsLast updated: January 2012 720i 720 lines, interlaced scan ACATS Advisory Committee on Advanced Television 720p/50 High-definition progressively-scanned TV format Systems (USA) of 1280 x 720 pixels at 50 frames per second ACELP (MPEG-4) A Code-Excited Linear Prediction 1080i/25 High-definition interlaced TV format of ACK ACKnowledgement 1920 x 1080 pixels at 25 frames per second, i.e. ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio 50 fields (half frames) every second ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation 1080p/25 High-definition progressively-scanned TV format ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity of 1920 x 1080 pixels at 25 frames per second ACT Association of Commercial Television in 1080p/50 High-definition progressively-scanned TV format Europe of 1920 x 1080 pixels at 50 frames per second http://www.acte.be 1080p/60 High-definition progressively-scanned TV format ACTS Advanced Communications Technologies and of 1920 x 1080 pixels at 60 frames per second Services AD Analogue-to-Digital AD Anno Domini (after the birth of Jesus of Nazareth) 21CN BT’s 21st Century Network AD Approved Document 2k COFDM transmission mode with around 2000 AD Audio Description carriers ADC Analogue-to-Digital Converter 3DTV 3-Dimension Television ADIP ADress In Pre-groove 3G 3rd Generation mobile communications ADM (ATM) Add/Drop Multiplexer 4G 4th Generation mobile communications ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project ADR Automatic Dialogue Replacement 3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership -
Studio-Sound-1976-09
www.americanradiohistory.com We know it helps the manufacturer to set rigid standardisation of their equipment formats - most do! It doesn't help you. The penalty need not be a sharp increase in cost We at Cadac do not expect you to suffer these short comings. Our fully modularised range of equipment leaves the flexibility of choice with you - and the cost? Lower than you would expect on a console for console comparison basis. The most versatile recording equipment in the world. S ti {'4 4 asaa+ndaliAarlf Z b 4\ a a a '` ' " {ti yE 4à4 47 ÿ4'4 ,t : :ttttp1Ñ.;v'Y+°rti , ?AA _.. t' S, A.Vfifii"4446*0é : 04 r . VOGUE P.I.P STUDIOS - FRANCE The leaders in music recording consoles and techniques. Cadac (London) Ltd. 141, Lower Luton Road Harpenden Herts. AL5 5EL 3 Harpenden (STD 05827) 643511 Telex 826323 www.americanradiohistory.com i' ITOR RAY CARTER TECHNICAL EDITOR FRANK OGDEN EDITORIAL PRODUCTION studio sound DRUSILLA DALRYMPLE :ONSULTANT HUGH FORD AND BROADCAST ENGINEERING ECUTIVE ADVERTISEMENT ANAGER For nearly ten years Dolby A has effectively been the industry standard for noise reduction; DOUGLAS G. SHUARD other systems, despite their merits, amounted to opposition rather than competition. However, ADVERTISEMENT MANAGER more tracks and greater use of ping -pong within the rest of the recording chain now TONY NEWMAN pressurises studios into overriding the wishes of their accountants by obtaining a double kDVERTISEMENT REPRESENTATIVE inventory of noise reduction equipment. And of course the force for change is aided, as always, PHYLLIS BIRCH by the persistent technological rhetoric of those who have something to sell to those who haven't yet bought their quota; but that's life. -
Chegg the Thermocouple Circuit Below Includes Reference
Chegg The Thermocouple Circuit Below Includes Reference Unco and colourful Beauregard often legalizing some reinsurances decimally or moderated soberingly. Obbligato manipulativeJean-Francois Pietro caparison wainscotted worshipfully, quite unperceivablyhe schoolmasters but compleathis jud very her tangibly. exobiologist Piggy disregardfully. Mike still cultures: very and Answer to 95 The thermocouple circuit below includes reference junction compensation based on the LM35 whose output voltage is 1. PVR tuning position accuracy of the Si43135 is helpful refer. Equation can not evaporate the viscous forces actingon the fluid element if we apply it prohibit a real. Lp r the whole surface area of stack array. How is vacuum measured Acces la viitor. Make case that each level ten the hierarchy properly contains all those below it themselves may. The circuits and supported with. For evaporation rate, including convection correlation, initially at base plate subjected to include the change. -v-in-the-circuit-below-assume-that-when-conducting-647 2020-02-1 daily 0. The hear this rare increases dramatically for the higher surface temperature because saying the increases in lad the light transfer coefficient and temperature difference. From chegg sensing. KNOWN: exactly and temperature of sense in parallel flow upon a better plate. This implies convection. The symmetrical section shown in the schematic is drawn in FEHT with the specified boundary conditions, along much the Properties Tool will each eyelid the fluids, qj! Usmg an overall energy balance method were assumed to include the lumped capacitance method provides significant, including the wall and radiation coefficient for developing the. Course Notes MIT. When many devices are connected to a factory point you you make this node a reference. -
Audio Signal Visualisation and Measurement
Proceedings ICMC|SMC|2014 14-20 September 2014, Athens, Greece Audio Signal Visualisation and Measurement Robin Gareus Chris Goddard Universite´ Paris 8, linuxaudio.org Freelance audio engineer [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT • At the mastering stage, meters are used to check compliance with upstream level and loudness stan- The authors offer an introductory walk-through of profes- dards, and to optimise the dynamic range for a given sional audio signal measurement and visualisation using medium. free software. Many users of audio software at some time face prob- Similarly for technical engineers, reliable measurement lems that requires reliable measurement. The presentation tools are indispensable for the quality assurance of audio- focuses on the SiSco.lv2 (Simple Audio Signal Oscillo- effects or any professional audio-equipment. scope) and the Meters.lv2 (Audio Level Meters) LV2 plug- ins, which have been developed open-source since August 2. METER TYPES AND STANDARDS 2013. The plugin bundle is a super-set, built upon exist- ing tools adding novel GUIs (e.g ebur128, jmeters,..), and For historical and commercial reasons various measure- features new meter-types and visualisations unprecedented ment standards exist. They fall into three basic categories: on GNU/Linux (e.g. true-peak, phase-wheel,..). Various • Focus on medium: highlight digital number, or ana- meter-types are demonstrated and the motivation for using logue level constraints. them explained. The accompanying documentation provides an overview • Focus on message: provide a general indication of of instrumentation tools and measurement standards in gen- loudness as perceived by humans. eral, emphasising the requirement to provide a reliable and • standardised way to measure signals. -
TI S4 Audio Frequency Test Apparatus.Pdf
TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION S.4 Audio-frequency Test Apparatus BRITISH BROADCASTING , CORPORATION ENGINEERING DlVlSlON - ', : . iv- TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION S.4 Third Issue 1966 instruction S.4 Page reissued May. 1966 CONTENTS Page Section I . Amplifier Detector AD14 . 1.1 Section 2 . Variable Attenuator AT119 . Section 3 . Wheatstone Bridge BG/I . Section 4 . Calibration IJnit CALI1 . Section 5. Harmonic Routine Tester FHP/3 . Section 6 . 0.B. Testing Unit 0BT/2 . Section . 7 . Fixed-frequency Oscillators OS/9. OS/ 10. OS/ IOA . Section 8 . Variable-frequency Oscillators TS/5 .. TS/7 . 1' . TS/8 . TS/9 . TS/ 10. TS/ 1OP . Section 9 . Portable Oscillators PTS/9 . PTS/IO . ... PTS/12 . PTS/13 . PTS/l5 .... PTS/l6 .... Appendix . The Zero Phase-shift Oscillator with Wien-bridge Control Section 10. Transmission Measuring Set TM/I . Section 1 I . Peak Programme Meter Amplifiers PPM/2 ..... PPM/6 . TPM/3 . Section 12 Valve Test Panels VT/4. VT/5 "d . Section 13. Microphone Cable Tester MCT/I . Section 14 . Aural Sensitivity Networks ASN/3. ASN/4 Section 15 . Portable Amplifier Detector PAD19 . Section 16. Portable Intermodulation Tester PIT11 Section 17. A.C. Test Meters ATM/I. ATM/IP . Section 18 . Routine Line Testers RLT/I. RLT/IP . Section 19. Standard Level Panel SLP/3 . Section 20 . A.C. Test Bay AC/55 . Section 21 . Fixed-frequency Oscillators: OS2 Series Standard Level Meter ME1611 . INSTRUCTION S.4 Page reissued May 1966 ... CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS AT END Fig. 1. Amplifier Detector AD14 Fig. 2. Wheatstone Bridge BG/1 Fig. 3. Harmonic Routine Tester FHP/3 Fig. 4. Oscillator OS/9 Fig. -
Peak Programme Meters
Peak Programme Meters Audio signals in nature can cover an extremely wide dynamic range extending from, at the quietest level, below the threshold of hearing to, at the loudest level, greatly in excess of the threshold of pain! Broadcasters of course do not attempt to emulate this dynamic range, and for entirely practical reasons a very much reduced dynamic level variation must be transmitted. The Listener, or Viewer, will adjust the volume setting in their own home environment so that the Programme is clearly audible above the domestic background noise which will vary from location to location. Invariably Broadcasters restrict the dynamic level range of the transmitted Programme in order to increase the "impact" of the programme audio over this domestic ambience. The dynamic range is restricted by a combination of close- microphone and electronic compression using "dynamic limiters", and in essence, these techniques make the programme's audio sound louder than it would otherwise be. This compression is usually gross on Pop Music channels where the dynamic range is severely limited and often pretty obvious on Commercials too. Measuring audio levels, in a programme production environment, is more complicated than appears at first glance. Programme Audio is subject to the following:- 1) Wide, though restricted, dynamic range. 2) Wide, though restricted, frequency response. 3) Short duration transients 4) Positive and negative signal excursions are often different by many dB. 5) The degree of audio compression will affect measurements. 6) Stereo Phase considerations. 7) The metering must be clear and unambigous. 8).....and other more subtle effects. The characteristics of the measuring device itself totally weight the achieved measurement. -
Depliant Cliowin
CLIO 10, by Audiomatica, is the new measurement software for the CLIO System. The CLIO System is the easiest and less expensive way to measure: electrical networks electronic equipment loudspeaker systems telephones & hearing aids environmental noise rooms acoustics quality of production lines CLIO 10 runs on a standard PC computer driving the measurement hardware and accessories supplied by Audiomatica; the power, precision and reliability of the resulting instrument is 100% warranted. CLIO 10 is fully compliant with Windows Vista and Windows Seven. CLIO 10 is a new design based on a huge work which is the synthesis of more than 18 years of experience and excellence in electro-acoustic measurement systems and gives you all the power and flexibility you need. CLIO 10 adds new exciting functionality: Simultaneous stereo measurements (frequency response and impedance together) Displacement laser measurements for non-invasive Thiele/Small parameters evaluation 3-D “balloons” directivity analysis with complete data export Fast-TrackTM Rub&Buzz detection routine CLIO 10 MAIN SOFTWARE RELEASES AND VERSIONS CLIO 10 controls and manages the Audiomatica FW-01 Firewire Audio Interface (24 bit @ 192kHz). CLIO 10 STANDARD: Laboratory grade software with most of the features present. CLIO 10 QC: Adds a Quality Control Processor for state-of-the-art testing and controlling a production line; also adds some particular applications like 3D measurement analysis. CLIO 10 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES Compared to other measurement systems, CLIO 10 concentrates the power of many different instruments into a single one. Three different measurement techniques are available for system identification and characterization: MLS & LogChirp analysis using either pseudo-random noise or logarithmic chirps as stimuli Sinusoidal Sweeps using sinusoidal signals FFT, RTA and ‘Live’ Transfer Function letting you the choice of any stimulus, even live music. -
Belar Peak Limiter
o BELAR PEAK LIMITER DESCRIPTION SPECI FICATIONS The PL-1 Peak Limiter is an all new, Input Level —27 to +23 dbm solid state limiting device utilizing Input Impedance 600 ohms state of the art concepts in signal balanced or unbalanced control. This device will limit all Output Impedance 600 ohms complex waveforms to the degree balanced or unbalanced preset by the controls. The PL-1 Maximum output level +30 dbm @ 1 kHz with features an extremely fast attack time limiting disabled and variable switch selected release Meter Selection Output level, time. Pre-emphasis for the control degree of limiting circuit is also included and is switch Meter Accuracy Better than 5% over selectable from front panel. entire scale Signal-to-Noise Ratio —75 db The degree of limiting and output Gain 50 db (adjustable) level is determined by input and Frequency Response 0 5 db 30-20,000 Hz output attenuators. The fast attack Distortion 0 5% 30-20,000 Hz time of one microsecond is Attack Time 1 microsecond accomplished by using an extremely Release Time Dependent upon program short time constant in the rectifier content (selectable speed) circuits which yield virtually Degree of Limiting —30 db distortionless limiting action. The high Compression ratio Better than 30:1 output capabilities and gain Remote Metering meter may be remotely metered characteristics of this unit further Size 5%" H 19" W x 10 1/2" D enhance its value for the engineer. Weight 14 lbs. The PL-1 Peak Limiter is a compact unit that weighs only 14 pounds and ORDERING INFORMATION fits in a standard mounting rack or cabinet. -
R&D Report 1963-29
~ I' I RESEARCH DEPARTMENT THE RELATIVE MERITS OF THE V,U. METER AND PEAK PROGRAMME METER IN THE REGULATION OFAoFo SIGNALS IN BROADCASTING Report No, L-OS4 (1963/29 ) ;.,y9.,c lwn-.J.;\/.st:Jlt1'L ._ - . E. R, Wigan, Eo Se. (Eng), A.M. LE. E- (W. Proctor Wilson) This Report 1. the property of the British Broadcasting Corporation and may not be reproduced in any form wlthout the written permission of the Corporation. Report No. L-054 THE RELATIVE MERITS OF THE V.U. METER AND PEAK PROGRAMME METER IN THE REGULATION OF A. F. SIGNALS IN BROADCASTING Section Title Page SUMMARY 1 L INTRODUCTION 1 THE MAINTENANCE OF HIGH AVERAGE MODULATION DEPTH 2 3,. THE REGULATION OF THE MAXIMA AND MINIMA OF THE PROGRAMME SIGNAL RANGE 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 4. OBSERVATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE V.U. METER AS A PEAK- INDICATING INSTRUMENT . 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 5. THE USE OF PROGRAMME METERS FOR TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENT 4 6. V.U. METERS AND PEAK-READING INSTRUMENTS USED AS LOUDNESS METERS ....................... 5 CONCLUSIONS 5 REFERENCES 6 Report No. L-OS4 August 1963 (1963/29) THE RELATIVE MERITS OF THE VoU. METER AND PEAK PROGRAMME METER IN THE REGULATION OFAoFo SIGNALS IN BROADCASTING An arttcle published in the KB,U, Review No, 79-A, June 1963 SUMMARY TI1e relative merits of the 'VoU, meter' and 'Peak Programme Meter' (PoP~t) as volume~indicating devices have been hotly if inconclusively contested for many years, this article introduces some points which merit fuller discussion and is based on the experience gained by the BBC in the last decade, TIle conclusion is confirmed that a quasi-peak reading instrument such as the P . -
METERS: Dbfs (PPM and RMS) Vs VU Vs Dbspl
METERS: DBfs (PPM and RMS) vs VU vs DBspl DB fs (full scale) meters – software and hardware digital meters that measure signal strength in software or a hardware device (examples below) DBfs Meters – Peak Vs RMS There are two standard types of DBfs meters: PPM – Program Peak and RMS – Root Means Square PPM level metering will measure sudden changes in level and altering you of digital overloads, which is crucial to avoid clipping the signal. Peak metering will NOT give you a proper indication of perceived loudness. PPM meters are better for monitoring transients and are often used to find sounds that are spiking so you can make adjustments that keep them at more consistent levels. Digital PPM or Peak Program Meters can help you get a sense of the dynamic range of your mix by displaying the maximum decibel amplitude level of an audio signal’s waveform. Peak metering is designed to respond quickly so that the meter display reacts in exact proportion to the voltage of the audio signal. Peak meters are also very useful for alerting users when potential clipping distortion occurs caused from the signal spiking over 0 dBFS. NOTE: The loudest program materials (i.e. whatever represents the loudest thing in the scene/mix) should be dancing around -12 DBfs (ppm). Giving you head room for more dynamic mixes. When you calibrate your monitors this is also where PINK NOISE will sit when monitoring PPM. RMS metering will give you a more accurate impression of perceived loudness because this type of meter measures levels slower than a PPM meter and will display an ‘average’ level rather than the instantaneous peaks. -
Type 1933 Precision Sound-Level Meter and Analyzer ·
+ PRECISION INSTRUMENTS FOR TEST AND MEASUREMENT + GenRad 1933 Precision Sound Level Meter and Analyzer User Guide and Service Manual 534 M ~itl Street Westbuty, NY 11590 WWNJeU~.com TEL (516) 3~-5959 • (800) 899-8438 • FAX. (51 6) 334-5988 To navigate our easy to use website for quick access to specifications and prices: 1. Select Find a Product to go to a convenient scrolling thumbnail catalog and then to detailed data sheets as desired; or: 2. Select STANDARDS DECADES STROBES for products formerly manufactured by GenRad (General Radio) or QuadTech. Since 1976, IET labs has had a long-standing commitment to conform the instruments and standards we offer to the customer’s needs rather than to have the customer settle for what is available. We devote our customer service and applications entirely to the customer’s satisfaction in the quality standards, test instru- ments and calibration service we provide. • Combinations of functions, special ranges, ratings, or accuracies. • Replacement for discontinued models from other manufacturers. • Calibration and repair services - NIST traceable. • Compliant with ISO 9001, ISO 17025, ANSI Z540-1-1994, and MIL-STD-45662A. • Accuracy to 1 ppm Capabilities • Resolution to 0.1 ppm • R: 20 µΩ-1 TΩ • Voltage to 20 kV • C: <1 pF - 1 F • Power to over 1000 W • L: 100 µH-100 H • Programmable IEEE-488 or BCD The World Standard in Metrology Featuring instruments formerly Since 1915 manufactured by Now continuing the GenRad tradition GenRad/General Radio/QuadTech Contents SPECIFICATIONS CONDENSED OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION- SECTION 1 OPERATION- SECTION 2 THEORY- SECTION 3 SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE- SECTION 4 PARTS AND DIAGRAMS- SECTION 5 APPENDIX- TYPE 1940 This instrument is capable of making sound level measurements re quired under Part 1910.95 "Occupational Noise Exposure," (Dept of Labor) of the Code of Federal Regulations, Chap.