RECOGNITION CARDS Invasive and Non-native Invasive and Non-native Plants You Should Know Plants You Should Know Produced by Amy Richard and (the late) Vic Ramey Copyright 2007 University of Florida Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu With additional support from: Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Invasive Plant Management http://www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/invaspec/index.htm Botanical Consultations: Photography: Kenneth A. Langeland* Ann Murray David W. Hall Vic Ramey Jeff Schardt Amy Richard Colette Jacono Cover Illustration: Ken Langeland Mark Poole Steve Ausmus Graphic Design and Desktop Production: Ian Richard JS Design Studio *Plant identification text from: Identification & Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas by K.A. Langeland and K. Craddock Burks, Eds. (1998). University A Creation of the of Florida, IFAS, SP 257 Florida Invasive Plant Education Initiative http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu By using these recognition cards, you are about to become familiar with a number of non-native plant species that are currently targeted for control in public waters and conservation lands of Florida, by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. They are being controlled or “managed” because: > they have already altered native plant communities by displacing native species (demonstrating ecological and/or economic harm). OR $35 for full set. Regional sets available. > they are increasing in abundance and frequency in natural areas throughout the state. Call for pricing: 352.392.1799 [email protected] UF/IFAS is evaluating these and other plants for their potential invasiveness in various regions of the state. For COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, the latest evaluations, see the UF/IFAS Assessment of the INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, Larry Status of Non-Native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas. R. Arrington, Director, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture, publishes this information to http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/assessment further the purpose of the May 8 and June 30, 1914 Acts of Congress; and is authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and insti- P = Prohibited* Some of the plants in this guide are tutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to officially prohibited by federal or state law. race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual ori- entation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. Information on copies for purchase is available from IFAS-Extension Bookstore, University of Florida, PO Box Learn more: http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/invplant.html 110011, Gainesville, FL 32611-0011 or visit our Web site at: ifasbooks.ufl.edu. June 2007. native plant – a plant species that occurs naturally UF/IFAS Publication Number SP 431 in a geographic region or area (indigenous plant); it 1.800.226.1764 has not been introduced by humans, intentionally or unintentionally. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu invasive plant – a non-native plant species that develops self-sustaining populations outside of cultivation and causes environmental or economic harm. non-native plant – a plant species that is present in a region outside its original, historic range due to intentional or unintentional introduction; not necessarily invasive. Also referred to as non-indigenous or exotic. *Class I Prohibited Aquatic Plants (Rule 62C-52.004, F.A.C) or Class II Prohibited Aquatic Plants (s. 581.031, 581.131, and 581.145, F.S.) Plants by Scientific Name Plants by Scientific Name Abrus precatorius rosary pea Imperata cylindrica cogon grass Acacia auriculiformis earleaf acacia Ipomoea aquatica water spinach Albizia julibrissin mimosa tree Jasminum dichotomum Gold Coast jasmine Albizia lebbeck woman’s tongue Jasminum fluminense Brazilian jasmine Aleurites fordii tongue oil tree Lantana camara lantana Alternanthera philoxeroides alligator weed Leucaena leucocephala lead tree Ardisia crenata coral ardisia Ligustrum lucidum glossy privet Ardisia elliptica shoebutton ardisia Ligustrum sinense Chinese privet Asparagus densiflorus asparagus fern Limnophila sessiliflora limnophila Bauhinia variegata orchid tree Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle Bischofia javanica bishopwood Lygodium japonicum Japanese climbing fern Broussonetia papyrifera paper mulberry Lygodium microphyllum Old World climbing fern Calophyllum antillanum Santa Maria Macfadyena unguis-cati cat’s claw vine Casuarina equisetifolia Australian pine Manilkara zapota sapodilla Cinnamomum camphora camphor tree Melaleuca quinquenervia melaleuca Colocasia esculenta wild taro Melia azedarach Chinaberry Colubrina asiatica lather leaf Mimosa pigra catclaw mimosa Cupaniopsis anacardioides carrotwood Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian water-milfoil Cyperus prolifer dwarf papyrus Nandina domestica nandina Dioscorea alata winged yam Nephrolepis cordifolia tuberous sword fern, Dioscorea bulbifera air-potato Boston fern Eichhornia crassipes water hyacinth Neyraudia reynaudiana silk reed Elaeagnus pungens silverthorn Nymphoides cristata/N. indica crested floating-heart Eugenia uniflora Surinam cherry Paederia cruddasiana sewer vine Ficus microcarpa laurel fig Paederia foetida skunk vine Hydrilla verticillata hydrilla Panicum repens torpedo grass Hygrophila polysperma East Indian hygrophila Pistia stratiotes water-lettuce Hymenachne amplexicaulis West Indian marsh grass Psidium cattleianum strawberry guava Plants by Scientific Name Plants by Common Name Psidium guajava guava air-potato Dioscorea bulbifera Pueraria montana kudzu alligator weed Alternanthera philoxeroides Rhodomyrtus tomentosa downy rose-myrtle asparagus fern Asparagus densiflorus Ricinus communis castor bean Australian pine Casuarina equisetifolia Ruellia tweediana Mexican petunia bishopwood Bischofia javanica Salvinia minima water fern bowstring hemp Sansevieria hyacinthoides Salvinia molesta giant salvinia Brazilian jasmine Jasminum fluminense Sansevieria hyacinthoides bowstring hemp Brazilian pepper Schinus terebinthifolius Sapium sebiferum Chinese tallow Caesar’s weed Urena lobata Scaevola sericea half-flower camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora Schefflera actinophylla schefflera carrotwood Cupaniopsis anacardioides Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian pepper castor bean Ricinus communis Senna pendula Christmas senna cat’s claw vine Macfadyena unguis-cati Sesbania punicea Spanish gold catclaw mimosa Mimosa pigra Solanum tampicense wetland night shade Chinaberry Melia azedarach Solanum viarum tropical soda apple Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense Syngonium podophyllum nephthytis, American evergreen Chinese tallow Sapium sebiferum Syzygium cumini java plum Chinese wisteria Wisteria sinensis Thespesia populnea seaside mahoe Christmas senna Senna pendula Tradescantia fluminensis small-leaf spiderwort cogon grass Imperata cylindrica Tradescantia spathacea oyster plant coral ardisia Ardisia crenata Urena lobata Caesar’s weed crested floating-heart Nymphoides cristata Urochloa mutica pará grass downy rose-myrtle Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Wedelia trilobata wedelia dwarf papyrus Cyperus prolifer Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria earleaf acacia Acacia auriculiformis East Indian hygrophila Hygrophila polysperma Eurasian water-milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum giant salvinia Salvinia molesta Plants by Common Name Plants by Common Name glossy privet Ligustrum lucidum seaside mahoe Thespesia populnea Gold Coast jasmine Jasminum dichotomum sewer vine Paederia cruddasiana guava Psidium guajava shoebutton ardisia Ardisia elliptica half-flower Scaevola sericea silk reed Neyraudia reynaudiana hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata silverthorn Elaeagnus pungens Japanese climbing fern Lygodium japonicum skunk vine Paederia foetida Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica Spanish gold Sesbania punicea java plum Syzygium cumini strawberry guava Psidium cattleianum kudzu Pueraria montana Surinam cherry Eugenia uniflora lantana Lantana camara tongue oil tree Aleurites fordii lather leaf Colubrina asiatica torpedo grass Panicum repens laurel fig Ficus microcarpa tropical soda apple Solanum viarum lead tree Leucaena leucocephala tuberous sword fern, Nephrolepis cordifolia limnophila Limnophila sessiliflora Boston fern melaleuca Melaleuca quinquenervia water fern Salvinia minima Mexican petunia Ruellia tweediana water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes mimosa tree Albizia julibrissin water spinach Ipomoea aquatica nandina Nandina domestica water-lettuce Pistia stratiotes nephthytis, American evergreen Syngonium podophyllum wedelia Wedelia trilobata Old World climbing fern Lygodium microphyllum West Indian marsh grass Hymenachne amplexicaulis orchid tree Bauhinia variegata wetland night shade Solanum tampicense oyster plant Tradescantia spathacea white-flowered wandering jew Tradescantia fluminensis paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera wild taro Colocasia esculenta pará grass Urochloa mutica winged yam Dioscorea alata rosary pea Abrus precatorius woman’s tongue Albizia lebbeck Santa Maria Calophyllum antillanum sapodilla Manilkara zapota schefflera Schefflera actinophylla Flower Parts Stems Roots Leaf Shapes Leaf Margins Leaf Bases Leaf Arrangements Leaf Attachments Habit Glossary of Plant and Flower Parts alternate (leaf arrangement) – adj. leaves occurring one at a node; one after another, not opposing. axil – n. the angle found between any two organs or structures, as between the stem and a leaf. axillary – adj. in an axil, growing in an axil, as buds. bi-sexual