Into the Heat-Forged Air
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Trek the Little-Known Silvretta and Rätikon Alps Straddling the Swiss
Lach/Blauner-Switzerland-2020-Prospectus Trek The Little-Known Silvretta and Rätikon Alps Straddling the Swiss-Austrian Border Trip #2046 July 11- 25, 2020 The Region The Silvretta and Rätikon Alps, located along the Swiss/Austrian border, provide the venue for a unique hiking and cultural experience. These mountain ranges have been long appreciated in Europe for their superior year-round outdoor recreational opportunities. Ernest Hemingway penned his memoirs of Paris in the ‘20s (“A Movable Feast”) while living in this area. During our two week journey we will experience two distinct cultures, Swiss and Austrian, and explore two mountain ranges, geographically adjacent but geologically distinctly different. The Silvretta Alps are high mountains covered with snow and ice, while the Rätikon Alps have lower elevations and are almost completely ice-free. Their limestone composition and sharply rising peaks, topped by turrets and towers, are directly reminiscent of the Dolomites in northern Italy. 1 Trip Overview This trip is a 6: strenuous mountain trekking experience appropriate for an experienced outdoor adventurer. You will carry all your possessions, clothing, lunch and water in your backpack. Since lodging, breakfast, and dinner are provided a fully loaded backpack will weigh typically 20 -25 pounds. We will hike for 11 consecutive days. A typical day will have a book time of 5.5 hours [excludes all breaks] which is sufficient to cover eight miles and gain 2,500 -3,000 feet of elevation. While no technical climbing is required, there will be some narrow trails bordered by steep drop offs. Itinerary Overview After flying into Zurich, you will take a train to Klosters, where the group will meet at an in-town hostel. -
Trekking the Spectacular Silvretta and Rätikon Alps
Cohen-Switzerland-2020-Prospectus Swiss Bliss: Trekking the Spectacular Silvretta and Rätikon Alps Trip# 2034 August 15-30, 2020 The region we will explore: The Silvretta and R ätikon A lps, located along the Swiss/Austrian border, provide the venue for a unique hiking and cultural experience. These mountain ranges have been long appreciated in Europe for their superior year-round outdoor recreational opportunities. Ernest Hemingway penned his memoirs of Paris in the ‘20s (“A Movable Feast”) while living in this area. 1 During our two week journey we will experience two distinct cultures, Swiss and Austrian, and explore two mountain ranges, geographically adjacent but geologically distinctly different. The Silvretta Alps are high mountains covered with snow and ice, while the Rätikon Alps have lower elevations and are almost completely ice-free. Their limestone composition and sharply rising peaks, topped by turrets and towers, are directly reminiscent of the Dolomites in northern Italy. Trip overview: This trip is a strenuous mountain trekking experience appropriate for an experienced outdoor adventurer. You will carry all your possessions, clothing, lunch and water in your backpack. Since lodging, breakfast, and dinner will be provided a fully loaded backpack will weigh typically 20 -25 pounds. We will hike for 13 consecutive days. A typical day will have a booktime of 5.5 hours [excludes all breaks] which is sufficient to cover eight miles and gain 2,500 -3,000 feet of elevation. While no technical climbing is required, there will be some narrow trails bordered by steep drop offs. 2 Itinerary Overview After flying into Zurich, you will take a train to Klosters, where the group will meet at an in-town hostel. -
Neolithic to Bronze Age (4850–3450 Cal
HOL0010.1177/0959683616658523The HoloceneDietre et al. 658523research-article2016 Research paper The Holocene 2017, Vol. 27(2) 181 –196 Neolithic to Bronze Age © The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav (4850–3450 cal. BP) fire management DOI: 10.1177/0959683616658523 of the Alpine Lower Engadine journals.sagepub.com/home/hol landscape (Switzerland) to establish pastures and cereal fields Benjamin Dietre,1 Christoph Walser,2,3 Werner Kofler,1 Katja Kothieringer,3 Irka Hajdas,4 Karsten Lambers,3,5 Thomas Reitmaier2 and Jean Nicolas Haas1 Abstract Agro-pastoral activities in the past act as environmental legacy and have shaped the current cultural landscape in the European Alps. This study reports about prehistoric fire incidents and their impact on the flora and vegetation near the village of Ardez in the Lower Engadine Valley (Switzerland) since the Late Neolithic Period. Pollen, charcoal particles and non-pollen palynomorphs preserved in the Saglias and Cutüra peat bog stratigraphies were quantified and the results compared with the regional archaeological evidence. Anthropogenic deforestation using fire started around 4850 cal. BP at Saglias and aimed at establishing first cultivated crop fields (e.g. cereals) and small pastoral areas as implied by the positive correlation coefficients between charcoal particles and cultural and pastoral pollen indicators, as well as spores of coprophilous fungi. Pressure on the natural environment by humans and livestock continued until 3650 cal. BP and was followed by reforestation processes until 3400 cal. BP because of climatic deterioration. Thereafter, a new, continuous cultivation/pastoral phase was recorded for the Middle to Late Bronze Age (3400–2800 cal. -
Humid Climate During Deposition of Sapropel 1 in the Mediterranean Sea: Assessing the Influence on the Alps
Global and Planetary Change 71 (2010) 242–248 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Global and Planetary Change journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gloplacha Humid climate during deposition of sapropel 1 in the Mediterranean Sea: Assessing the influence on the Alps Christoph Spötl a,⁎, Kurt Nicolussi b, Gernot Patzelt c, Ronny Boch a and Daphne team 1 a Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria b Institut für Geographie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria c Patscher Straße 20, 6080 Innsbruck-Igls, Austria article info abstract Article history: Cave and lake isotope records from the circum-Mediterranean realm show anomalously low O isotope values Received 23 January 2009 suggesting high rainfall intensity during the time of sapropel 1 deposition (9.5 to 6.5 ka; all ages are given Accepted 2 October 2009 before the year AD 2000, i.e. b2k), coincident with an interval of conspicuously low sea-surface salinities in Available online 22 October 2009 the entire Mediterranean Sea. Speleothem data from Corchia Cave (Tuscany) currently provide the most precise terrestrial chronology and constrain the wettest interval to ca. 8.2 to 7.3 ka. We have traced this Keywords: Holocene isotopic signal to the north and observe a synchronous isotopic change in stalagmites from southalpine and Alps eastalpine caves, but in opposite direction. We attribute this to a shift in the local moisture balance, i.e. to a palaeoclimate higher proportion of moisture advected from the Mediterranean Sea relative to the otherwise dominant stable isotopes northwesterly air masses in the Alps. -
Word Ways V.52 No.1 Complete Issue
guistics The Journ l Lin al o na f Re tio cr ea ea cr ord tio Re W W n f ys a al l o a y L a s in n Wor g r W s d W u u y W i o a a s J d W y t r ays s o ic e d W W s h d r o W T o r o rd r o W d Ways W d s r W o c o o i W s W r a t W y s Word d r W s s y W y d i a y a a W a W ys Wo ys s u s s rd Wa rd a g W d W W W y W o or d Ways W a y W a n or o y o i y rd s s d W W W Ways r a d rd W W y L r o or W d o a r W ord W d a W l W ay W a s W y o W o Word W o a s r y s a o ays r y r W Wor W d s W d o d s s d W W n s ay ys o a W s y y Wa W ay r W s a a W d d Ways or s d a o y s d r or d W y r o r o W W W W y o y W W s W W a W o y o a s r i s a o W s r y a r d W a d W d d s s r W r W y y W d d t d d a d W a y o r W s r s a W W o W y W y o s W o W o y W W W a d r a s a W a r r d W s W y r o W y W d o W d o s s W a s d r a W a r a y d e y d a r W r W r d y W s y a d W W s r s o y y o r a o o o a y y W s d a W o W W s W o r W o a W s y d W a s o a y W c a o d r d s a y d r r d W d W r W y y o o W W d r W a s o r W y a s W a s o W r a o W s y y s r e W y s y W s a s W d W o d W W o W r d d y W r r s o o o o s r r r W a d o o o y s r W y a r d d R y s a d r r W W W W d d r a W d a W r y s o W W W s W d f y r d a d s a W d o a y W r W s W d y W W r o o W s s o o a W d y a W a r y s o y r a y d y l W y o a s a W s W o s o W a W s s W o y r a d W W W s W d r W n W r r o y y d o r r d d W a o W s a y a d a r u W W d r d W a o W r o y o a a y W s W J y W s s a y e d s W y y r a o h r W d s s o s W T W W y o s o r y a d a W W r d W s W o d r y a o y s W r a d W W d a r y o s W WORD WAYS® The Journal of Recreational Linguistics 1968 Editor: Dmitri A. -
Feel Better, Live Longer! the Lifetime Hotels: Vacation for the Lifetime Hotels: Vacation a Long Life
The HolidayMagazineforaLongLife. Feel better, live longer! Spring2014 #01 News: Rethinking for a The Salzburg Pinzgau: The Lifetime Hotels: Vacation for Healthy Future. A Place of Power Touches the Senses. a Long Life. 1 Contents RETHINKING FOR A HEALTHY AND STABLE FUTURE. 03 Our healthcare system currently deals primarily with people who are already sick. A new approach is strongly required to avoid a collapse of the system. VACATION FOR A LONG LIFE. 05 The Lifetime Hotels explore what is specifically needed to sustain health for a long time. Thus, the Lifetime Hotels set standards in the entire healthcare sector. A PLACE OF POWER TOUCHES THE SENSES. 07 Mighty waterfalls, impressive moun tains, unusual rock formations, stunn ing lighting effects—the Salzburg Pinzgau region in sight. THE ART OF HIKING. Hiking is much more than just walking. 15 It is a profound experience that brings you further in life. SEARCHING FOR THE RIGHT SPEED. 21 In the long run, stress harms our health—when is it enough? 2 EDITORIAL PERMANENTLY HEALTHY AND HAPPY AT THE SAME TIME—IS THIS POSSIBLE? Dear Readers! Unfortunately, our modern everyday life is all too often characterised by pressure and a fast pace. We lose perspective on the essentials and only recog nise this if we have completely lost our true values or have had a burnout. To be permanently healthy, it is not enough to delete a few “todos” from the agenda. Rather, we should develop an attitude for longlasting health and happiness. We have founded the Lifetime Hotels to commem orate a spirit which surrounds us and is inherent in all of us: nature. -
Lichenotheca Graecensis, Fasc
- 1 - Lichenotheca Graecensis, Fasc. 23 (Nos 441–480) Walter OBERMAYER* OBERMAYER Walter 2017: Lichenotheca Graecensis, Fasc. 23 (Nos 441– 480). - Fritschiana (Graz) 87: 1–13. - ISSN 1024-0306. Abstract: Fascicle 23 of 'Lichenotheca Graecensis' comprises 40 collections of lichens from the following countries (and ad- ministrative subdivisions): Albania, Australia (New South Wales; Norfolk Island; Queensland; Western Australia), Austria (Carin- thia; Salzburg; Styria; Upper Austria), Germany (Baden-Würt- temberg), Greece (Corfu Island), Spain (Mallorca), Switzerland (Canton of Jura), and U.S.A. (Alaska). Isotypes of Caloplaca dahlii, C. norfolkensis, and Trapeliopsis granulosa var. australis are distributed. TLC-analyses were carried out for Chrysothrix candelaris, Cladonia rei, Hypogymnia physodes (growing on ground), Hypotrachyna revoluta aggregate, Lepra albescens, Le- praria caesioalba, L. crassissima aggregate, Melanohalea exas- perata, Parmotrema arnoldii, Parmotrema reticulatum aggregate, Pycnora sorophora, Ramalina capitata, R. fraxinea, and Trapeli- opsis pseudogranulosa. *Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens- Universität, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, AUSTRIA e-mail: [email protected] Introduction The exsiccata series 'Lichenotheca Graecensis' is distributed on exchange basis to the following 19 public herbaria and to one private collection (herbarium ab- breviations follow http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/): ASU, B, C, CANB, CANL, E, G, GZU, H, HAL, HMAS, LE, M, MAF, MIN, O, PRA, TNS, UPS, Klaus KALB. A pdf- file of the exsiccata is stored under https://static.uni-graz.at/fileadmin/ nawi- institute/Botanik/Fritschiana/fritschiana-87/lichenotheca-graecensis-23.pdf. A text version can be found under https://homepage.uni-graz.at/de/walter.obermayer/ publications/lichenotheca-graecensis-textfile-of-all-issues/. Label texts originally drafted in a local language have been translated into English by the author. -
Tips for Trips
TIPS FOR TRIPS From this specially compiled folder filled with endless suggestions for activities whose exact descriptions, details and insider tips you can put together your own weekly activity. Your advantage: personally tailored for you week with a varied program, but where you have to worry about anything yourself. You will also find some activities that we can recommend you in bad weather. Boredom does not exist in Salzburg! Of course, the following pages are just a small portion of all the opportunities that are offered in Salzburg. Of course you can check at the front desk. There are also stored some brochures with detailed information for you. There are also about the changing weekly and monthly programs in the local area or in sights, markets, exhibitions, walking, cycling and mountain biking maps and their route descriptions to know at the front desk or on the Internet. We are happy to print your individual pages of this solution in the reception! We recommend especially in summer for hiking and biking tours in the morning to break, because at that time more pleasant temperatures. You can finish in the wellness natural garden views and afternoon. If you are planning a larger mountain tour: Give us about it. For your own safety, it is recom- mended to inform someone about the planned path and the goal. Inform and discuss also about the weather forecast. Save a phone number of the hotel or the local mountain rescue. We wish you a nice time with us at the Berghof! For questions or information, we are happy to help you further. -
Walks in the Engadine
WALKS IN THE ENGADINE About the Author Kev Reynolds first visited the Alps in the 1960s, and he has returned there almost every year since, to walk, trek or climb, to lead mountain holidays, devise multi-day routes or to research a series of guidebooks covering the whole range. A freelance travel writer and lecturer, he has a long association with Cicerone Press with whom he has produced more than a dozen books on the Alps, including The Mountain Hut Book, 100 Hut Walks in the Alps, Walking in the Alps, The Swiss Alps and Trekking in the Alps. He has also written two books on the Pyrenees, several more on Southern England, a series of trekking guides to Nepal, a memoir covering some of his Himalayan journeys (Abode of the Gods) and a collection of short stories and anecdotes harvested from his 50 years of mountain activity (A Walk in the Clouds). Kev is a member of the Alpine Club and Austrian Alpine Club. He has been made an honorary life member of the Outdoor Writers and Photographers Guild; SELVA (the Sociétè d’Etudes de la Littérature de Voyage Anglophone), and the British Association of International Mountain Leaders (BAIML). After a lifetime’s activity, his enthusiasm for the countryside in general and mountains in particular, remains undiminished, and during the winter months he regularly WALKS IN THE ENGADINE travels throughout Britain and abroad to share that enthusiasm through his lectures. Check him out on www.kevreynolds.co.uk by Kev Reynolds Other Cicerone guides by the author The Mountain Hut Book Tour of Mont Blanc 100 Hut -
36,000 Wood, Fragile Fragments of Oak; Depth 7M, Embedded in Sand Below Gravel in Subsoil Water
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 17, No. 2, 1975, P. 247-254] VIENNA RADIUM INSTITUTE RADIOCARBON DATES VI HEINZ FELBER Institut fur Radiumforschung and Kernphysik der Osterr Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Austria Measurements have continued with the same proportional counter system, pretreatment procedure, methane preparation and measurement, and calculation, as described previously (R, 1970, v 12, p 298-318). Un- certainties quoted are single standard deviations originating from stan- dard, sample, background counting rates and half-life. No C13/C12 ratios were measured. The following list presents most samples of our work in the last year. Sample descriptions have been prepared in cooperation with submitters. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I express many thanks to Ing L Stein for excellent work in sample preparation, and to A Rasocha for careful operation of the dating equip- ment. SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS I. GEOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, SOIL SCIENCE, AND FORESTRY A. Austria VRI.322. Wallern, Burgenland >36,000 Wood, fragile fragments of oak; depth 7m, embedded in sand below gravel in subsoil water. Seewinkel between Wallern (470 36' N, 16° 56' E) and Pamhagen, Burgenland. Coil 1971 by Fa Frank, well digger, in Frauenkirchen; subm by H Franz, Hochschule f Bodenkultur, Vienna. Glacier Pasterze series, Karnten Pressed sandy humus from fossil autochthonous soil below 1 to 2m ground moraine. Forefield of glacier Pasterze within lateral moraine from 1856, erosion groove of E Seebach rivulet (47° 03' 48" N, 12° 45' 22" E), Glockner-Group, Hohe Tauern, Carinthia. Site thawed ca 20 yr ago (Patzelt, 1969). Coil 1971 and subm by G Patzelt, Inst Meteorolog Geophys, Univ Innsbruck. General Comment (GP): samples date passage of advancing glacier over fossil soil. -
Consumption of Coal, Austria, by Consumer Groups 1937-1946-1947 (All Figures in Metric Tons, on a Hard Coal Basis)*
CONSUMPTION OF COAL, AUSTRIA, BY CONSUMER GROUPS 1937-1946-1947 (ALL FIGURES IN METRIC TONS, ON A HARD COAL BASIS)* = 200,000 METRIC TONS TOTAL CONSUMPTION 1937 1946 1947 = 1937 5,030,749 3,603,044 5,030,749 = 1946 (4,950,428)** (3,303,604)** (4,578,813)** = 1947 * LIGNITE IS FIGURED AT A 2 TO I BASIS * * NOT INCLUDING DOMESTIC PRODUCTION OF COKE FIGURE XX Austria's Energy Resources delivers power to local users is located on the smaller streams of central and western Austria, where winter freezes and late summer dwindling of the General water flow curtail power generation severely. This necessitates a great Reliable supplies of coal, oil, and electricity are vital factors in Austria's reliance on the thermal generation plants of central and eastern Austria economic existence. Without coal, the steel mills of Linz and Donawitz if sufficient supplementary power is to be made available. Many of the would be useless, over two-thirds of the Austrian railroads would be in reservoir-type plants which are capable of supplying a more uniform flow operative, steam-driven factory and mining machinery would stop, the of electricity throughout the year were built by the Germans in western artificial gas works of Vienna and other cities would be unable to supply Austria to supply the needs of southern and south-western Germany. They heating and cooking gas to their consumers, electric power would be cut were connected to the German grid and not to the Austrian distribution below the subsistance level during the winter months, and the majority of system. -
Y. Alther, Vertikal Mobil. Ein Beitrag Zum Verständnis Alpiner Wirtschaftsformen in Der Archäologie
Wichtige seit 2012 veröffentlichte Beiträge zur Archäologie in der Silvretta Y. Alther, Vertikal mobil. Ein Beitrag zum Verständnis alpiner Wirtschaftsformen in der Archäologie. Archäologie Graubünden, Sonderheft 3 (Chur 2014). P. Anreiter, Nordtiroler Namen keltischer Herkunft (Wien 2016). F. Carrer, A.C. Colonese, A. Lucquin, E.P. Guedes, A. Thompson, K. Walsh, T. Reitmaier, O.E. Craig (2016), Chemical Analysis of Pottery Demonstrates Prehistoric Origin for High-Altitude Alpine Dairying. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0151442. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151442 M. Cornelissen, T. Reitmaier (2016) Filling the gap: Recent Mesolithic discoveries in the central and south-eastern Swiss Alps. Quaternary International 423, 9-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.121 Ph. Della Casa, L. Naef, T. Reitmaier, Valleys, Pastures and Passes: New Research Issues from the Swiss Central Alps. Preistoria Alpina 47/1, 2013, 39-47. B. Dietre, Ch. Walser, W. Kofler, K. Kothieringer, I. Hajdas, K. Lambers, T. Reitmaier, J.N. Haas, Neolithic to Bronze Age (4850–3450 cal. BP) fire management of the Alpine Lower Engadine landscape (Switzerland) to establish pastures and cereal fields. The Holocene, Volume 27/2, 2017, 181-196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683616658523 B. Dietre, Ch. Walser, D. Reidl, T. Kappelmeyer, I. Hajdas, K. Kothieringer, K. Lambers, J.N. Haas, T. Reitmaier, Vegetation History, Landscape Development and Archaeology in the Lower Engadine, Switzerland. Palyno-Bulletin Vol. 3, Special Issue: Climate and Human Impact on Inneralpine Ecosystems, 2015, 75-78. B. Dietre, Ch. Walser, K. Lambers, T. Reitmaier, I. Hajdas, J.N. Haas, Palaeoecological evidence for Mesolithic to Medieval climatic change and anthropogenic impact on the Alpine flora and vegetation of the Silvretta Massif (Austria/Switzerland).