Villa and Cottage Arc Hitectur E

V I L L A N D T A Cr E

A R C H ITE C TUR E

SELECT EXAMPLES OF

C O UN T R Y A N D SUBUR BA N R E SI D E N C E S

ED RECENTLY ERECT .

F UL L D E S C R I P T IVE N O T I C E

O F EA C H BUI LDI N G .

BB WHO m LAID UP NO MA TER IALS GAS PRO DUCE NO mumr unm

' ’ 1 UNAO U WITH THE Aﬂm or oam V W - mn m I A 5 q AM ID AD ENT UR E S IE AL AYS AP“. TO OVER BAR BIB O WN n Q r , ; 10 K STAR E THE

‘ ‘ MOW Tu nbo H OM O“ m DISCO VER HOKBNT AND M Y com NW N Bill TOR A NEW- PO UND CO UNTR Y r ; ,

Invm wx mon: or m: camr- mum or ca ms amur : ooxsuu m ag mas : n un r un ) r un 11 13 BY 3mmcom wrra ; w , w r H w - w " — m T HE mvmmouao O T ERS r u n e tu ne to nerves r ; A; BY mama nu: mouom or dr um e mumin nu n . Tlu m mh of Sir J ua Reynoldx.

L O N D O N BLACK E SO N PA ERNO S ER R O W I , T T ; G LASGO AND EDIN R W BU GH.

1868 . GLAS GOW

W. G. BLACKIE AND I CO . , PR NT ERS, C O N T E N T S .

B U I L D I N G S I L L U S T R A T E D A N D D E S C R I B E D .

PLA Tm.

— ERN CL LLA emss Ba irt of C e J. T. ROCHEAD A e F IFF VI , W y y, F h lyd , rchit ct ,

OAKLE LLA ai mo e Lochlon — OHN ORDON Ar i e IGH VI , Bl r r , g ; J G , ch t ct, — COTTA E AT OLL LLA a e near Lon on H. A. DAR BISHIRE G H Y VI GE, Highg t , d ,

A c i e r h t ct,

- E MO R LO E Co e LochIon A . . THOMSON A e s S Y U DG , v , g; G , rchit ct ,

V LLA AT TR NIT nea E in ﬁI. C. ALKER Ar e I I Y, r d burgh ; W , chit ct, — CRAI A LE LLA K e an t of C e A . . THOMSON A i e s G I Y VI , ilcr gg , Fir h lyd G , rch t ct ,

O LE LLA AT ER — INE D ANS Ar i e s D UB VI D BY H , ch t ct , — ATE AND AR EN ALL FERNDEAN ILLA Co e Lochlon A . . G S G D W ( V ), v , g ; G

THO MSO N A e s , rchit ct ,

COTTA E AT L N N L NK es i e 4 . C. ALKER Ar e G U DI I S, Fif h r ; W , chit ct,

- COTTA E AT T R K o s e E . LAMB Ar e G S HI S , Y rk hir B , chit ct,

- AR EN T n ar o l _ mm i LLA C O e l o a Lon on Gp, o Tamm Ar c e VI , uf l P k, H l w y; d , , h t ct , — VTLLA AT RAN E n R . THOR NTON SHIELLS Ar e G GE, di burgh , chit ct,

Mill een Es se an Al e n — COTT A E ORN a e es n H. E KENDAL G E, Gr , x (with t r tiv D ig ) L,

n A e Ju r., rchit ct, — ENTRANCE ATE OF THE COTTAGE O RNE an Al e na e es n H. E. XXXVI . G S (with t r tiv D ig ) ,

KENDAL Junr j A e L; , rchit ct

K N M R COTTA nea ee es — AVID COUSI N A e I GS UI GE, r P bl ; D , rchit ct, — O LE ILLA AT LAN E nea as o A. . THOMSO N A e s D UB V GSID , r Gl g w , G , rchit ct ,

OL A N ER RECTOR nea Ma o n Esse — EWAN CHRIST IA N A i e G DH G Y, r ld , x , rch t ct,

ILLA AT CRO LL nea as o ~ O HN AIRD A e V SSHI , r Gl g w ; J B , rchit ct,

‘ ms — C RATE O E AT OT AM No n a e S . DUTT ON ALKE Ar e U S H US G H , tti gh hir ; W R, chit ct, — TRAT COTTA E Dumbanon J . T. RO CHEAD A e S H G , ; , rchit ct ,

LLA AT RANT AM No n ams e — I NE EVANS A e s VI G H , tti gh hir ; H , rchit ct ,

LLA AT L C OO AR en am nea Lon on — BANKs VI DU WI H W D P K, Syd h Hill , r d

ARRY A i e s B , rch t ct , vi CONTENTS.

PLATES. PAGE.

— ' ' ORCE TER LO E M e on R oa o o a Lon on G. TRUEFII T A e W S DG , iddl t d , H ll w y, d g , rchit ct,

COTTA E AT O AN Renfrewshire ﬁI. T. ROCHEAD A e G G V , ; , rchit ct,

R A R E AR ONA E nea s e Camr es e —EWAN CHR ISTIAN F ID Y B IDG P S G , r Wi b ch , b idg hir ; ,

Ar e chit ct,

COTT A E AT RO ENEAT ma ons e — OHN AIRD Ar e G S H, Du b rt hir ; J B , chit ct ,

- — AR M O E AT L ER O E nea a o a e o s e E. . LAMB F H US B UBB H US S, r H rr g t , Y rk hir ; B ,

A e rchit ct,

LLA ON EN AM L nea Lon on — ANKS ARRY Ar e s VI SYD H HI L, r d B B , chit ct , — OLM OO Ca a Ren e s e A . . THOMSON Ar e s H W D , thc rt, fr w hir ; G , chit ct ,

' — THE CAMORE OldThaﬂor d nea an es e H. . AUL SY S, , r M ch t r ; J P L, lA i e s rch t ct , OLIVER AYLIFFE ,

‘ — L . L O LE V LLA or a a Man es e EDWAR D A LTERS A e XXVI XXVII . D UB I , Vict i P rk, ch t r W , rchit ct, — L . L . RO E ANK LLA a o Moo nea Man es e PEAKMAN CHAR LEs RTH XXVIII XXIX S B VI , B rl w r, r ch t r S ,

Ar e s chit ct , — - L C MNE ECE o m oo Ca a A . . THOMSON A e s XXX. HI Y PI S, H l w d, thc rt , G , rchit ct ,

A R C H I T E C T S W H O H A VE C O N T R IBU T E D

TO THIS WORK.

' M a. O LIVER A YLIFF PLATEs E,

OH BA I J N R D,

Mmsns . BAN KS BA R R Y

M R . EW N C HR I STI A N A ,

DAVI D CO USI N ,

H . A . DA RBISHIR E,

JO HN GO R DON,

' E EVA NS M ess ns . HIN L ,

M n. H . E. KENDA LL , JUNB.,

E. B. LAM B,

H . J. PA ULL,

- mm. LV IIL 1. v . : x u x . L. and J. T . RO GHEA D,

i . R . THOR NTO N SHIELLS, xx x

W ’ ‘ Lxx v m. L I . M asons . SPEAKMA N CH A R LES O R IH , XX X — — v II. x x i. : x x lv . : i . x 11. v. : A . G . THO MSON x xxx x ,

- L . L . and L . XLI. : XVI XXII XXX

‘ v v m. and Lv. LVI. x x u. xx

x vu. and . x vr . xxv

LVIII v u. X .

VI LX VII . LXX . X V I L L A A N D C O T T A G E

A R CH ITECTUR E .

R Y I N T R O D U C T O N O T I C E .

>0¢

DEMA ND has O ften been expressed for additions to the existing published works devoted to detailed illustration Of modern build

ings serviceable as models in future architecture . That demand . it has been imputed to the architects Of Great Britain that they

r Of f are cha y responding to ; and the alleged indi ference to advantages, private a Of and public , that are calculated to accrue from dissemination representa t u Of ions and written partic lars executed designs, has been contrasted with

’ the readiness O f continental architects to publish elaborate monogr aphzes O f S their chief productions . uch publications, added to and multiplied, eventually become a body Of example and precedent returning the greatest beneﬁt to the O f individual professor and contributor to the literature his art , at the same

material O f art 4 time that they form essential to growth the itself. Hitherto,

on . this the chief published works emanating from the profession , side the C des ns hannel, have been either ig having no reference to building accomplished

Or O f O f intended, or representations structures and decorative details bygone Or Of periods ; they have consisted , in each case , little more than a single plan — in addition to a pictor ial view affording a mere instalment O f the explanation desired , and sometimes even conveying, through the partial illustration , erro

’ neous f the O f impressions as to the e fect , arrangement, and the construction the building .

This Work aims at answering so much O f the demand above referred to as — O h is connected with domestic architecture, or house building, a particular scale f O . It r i cost also aims at assisting those about to build , in fo m ng their ideas

t b e . their as to wha may particular requirements , and thus to avoid those sug

’ gestions and directions coming after a design has been made , and a builder s

O r O contract btained , which fo m the chief reason why the cost of a building ften Viil INTR OD UCTOR Y NOTICE.

exceeds the estimate . He who has to occupya house is necessarily an authority on the subject O f his peculiar wants : it is manifest that he should state his and Of ideas on points such as dimensions number rooms, and internal communi cations ; although a competent professional adviser may be the best judge Of what will most nearly respond to the expectation O f the client— unpractised in foreseeing and judging results through the unavoidably - technical medium in which an architect’s design has its representation

It seemed to the projectors of the VILLA A N D C O TTA GE A R C HITE CTUR E that — v Olumes Of whilst there were certain well known illustrative palatial residences, and many others giving minute particulars of the construction of dwellings O f r the lowest cost and most rest icted accommodation , there was a great Of i O f deﬁciency publ cations supplying examples of houses intermediate cost, W including habitations Of several distinct classes . The present ork is devoted Of to houses moderate dimensions, or erected at a cost (ascertained in nearly Of £500 £2500 every one the cases ) ranging from to , but including some examples Of more expensive character. The examples are selected from widely O f O f dff n separated parts the country, and are the productions nineteen i ere t a the architects ; and, whilst all have been found suit ble to requirements of domestic comfort, they show considerable diversity in internal arrangements, in the structural treatment of materials, and in decorative character, or style

A ll . and ornamental detail . the examples are productions of recent date

It is hoped that the special features Of this Work will render it valuable a t peculiarly as a suggestive publication, and as one gent in the produc ion f of new art and improved methods O building. The publication would ill

- W satisfy the views O f its projectors were it used as a copy book . hilst the Of intending occupant a house has his own wants, but whilst on the other O f hand no individual has the right to fend or vitiate the public taste, it is O f Of out the response to such special wants that requisite variety character,

Of O . and general gratiﬁcation the public eye, are btained Every practical architect knows the essential difference of value between Of designs the two classes already alluded to, and even between the representa tions O f designs made with special reference to conditions O f a particular site and a prescribed cost, but which do not arrive at the stage of execution, and those d ﬁ . O f esi n wherein the ex empli cation is that Of accomplished work The process g t u O f : is essen ial to successf l arrangement of the features plan, and to good art to say so is but to assert a truism : but it frequently happens that original defects of the initiating process are cOr r ected in building ; as also it is found a n that the ornament tion which is apt to characterize in excess mere desig s, — disappears under the ordeal which is the only satisfactory test the test of use .

The illustrations given in the Work , and the minute particulars aecom panying them, are taken from drawings and data furnished by the architects INTR OD UCTOR Y N OTICE.

In O f O f the buildings . nearly every case, the plans every storey, and the

O f w four sides the building, are shown , as ell as the internal construction ; whilst details; enlarged, are added where requisite . The sections go to supply what has been imputed as a great omission in previous works Of the same

- ths class . The scale adopted _for the plans, and for the minor elevations, is g

O f 10 h an inch to feet ; whilst t at for the principal elevations is, with two

ths Of 10 . exceptions, g an inch to feet By the smaller scale employed in part, it has been found practicable to illustrate a larger number of buildings than l cou d have been otherwise given , without increasing in a corresponding degree the extent and the p r ice Of the Work ; whilst from the uniformity of scale for the plans throughout, the relative sizes of the houses may be approximately ascertained at a glance . The descriptive text gives in each case the name

O f O f O f l descr i the architect, and the date erection the bui ding ; it supplies a p Of Of O f tion the locality, site, nature foundation , and other conditions the archi ’ tects ff work ; and it a ords full information as to the accommodation provided , the internal arrangements, the materials and construction , and the cost .

v the . Before the engra ings were executed, drawings were subjected to a E O f careful scrutiny by the ditor ; and, again, the proofs the engravings were

E r scrutinized by the architects and also by the ditor . By this repeated e vision , the plates have been freed from omissions and defects that were in many O f the drawings as at ﬁrst supplied . The need for this scrutiny became the more apparent as the Work progressed ; and, while the repeated corree tion of drawings and engravings tended greatly to retard the progress O f publi~ a cation and very m terially to increase the outlay on the Work , the Publishers Of m were so convinced the enhanced value thereby i parted , that to the last no abatement was made in earnest endeavour to O btain completeness and accuracy . What the plates could not supply is to be found in the text . This last has been compiled from information furnished in reply to queries addressed to the architects ; who had in every case submitted to them proofs

O f r an the lette press, before publication, in order that y additions or corrections might be made .

In Of Of S the descriptions some the examples from cotland, certain terms will be met with that are in common use only in the northern part Of the L f kingdom . est these should occasion any di ﬁculty, a Glossary, which explains

. S O f them , is given ome discrepancies in the modes showing certain features,

ma . as doorways and stairs , y be found in the plates They have resulted from

ff - di erence in the methods used by the architect contributors, and , occasionally,

omit n from a desire not to useful informatio in deference to mere uniformity . In a small number O f instances the architect has introduced into the drawings in f supplied for this Work, some improvements the design which a review O the completed building had suggested to him . But this has not been per mitted h i to go to t e extent O f material dev ations . c INTE 0D UCTOR Y N0TICE.

In - o the descriptions mention is made of various building c ntrivances, or structural arrangements, different from those generally in use in the common f It a kind O house . will be seen that hollow w lls are becoming frequent in some parts of the country ; and the professional reader will consider the relative merits of different methods O f building them without inter fering with the

“ f M — s bond O the brickwork . odiﬁcations of the ordinary form of sliding sa hes

O f . for windows, are referred to in connection with several the examples Thus, ’ M - as amongst the number, in essrs . Thomson s works the small top sashes (which O f O are ﬁtted with coloured glass) are ﬁxed , and space for admission air is btained between the upper and the lower sash by having the latter hung so that it can O Of descend, as well as be raised in the ordinary manner. ccupants houses

easements . ecu possessing this feature, prefer it to the French There is one p liar it O f O f S r ecom y the planning in two the cotch examples, that is not to be ’ — a . mended, namely the serv nts bed closet in the kitchen Probably, where it f O . occurs, the feature is the result special instructions

The judgment O f the reader will be most required when making use O f f the statements O cost. Great care has been taken not merely to get the Of a items correct, and detailed where the nature the contract, or contr cts, per mitted s O f a , but also to mention any matter locality and materials th t would

. S affect price till , all attention must be paid to the great difference which Of a Of exists between the cost l bour in one part the country and in another, and especially the difference between London prices and those of the country M generally . Thus essrs . Banks and Barry, in writing to the Publishers , esti L a 25 . 186 7 mated the ondon prices as at le st per cent higher, in , than the prices in Yorkshire or Scotland ; and they par ticularly named a house built £3148 by them at Great Grimsby that had cost , which, had it been built in Of f O f LOndon £4000. one the suburbs of , would have cost over The di ﬁculty

Of r Of judging cost , by examples, is fu ther complicated by the circumstance the great rise that has taken place in prices everywhere during recent years, or since the dates O f the erection O f the buildings as given in the text . This rise is particularly referred to in the description O f Worcester Lodge ; where d it is considere to have been , in about eight years , what would be an amount 30 A ll L approaching to per cent . ondon architects do not estimate the increase as so enormous ; but , generally, it is regarded as in no case less than

15 . A S per cent communication just received from outhampton, estimates the

“ distr icts as increase there, and in neighbouring f within the last few years l 10 ful y per cent . The amount stated as cost in each case does not include any items but ’ Of : those the builder s charges . O f course it does not include land it generally d excludes the formation of groun s , and the fencing, about the buildings ; and,

’

a . in particular, it does not include the architect s ch rges These are an uniform

- 5 . O f per centage ( per cent ) on the cost the building, where the cost exceeds INTR OD UCTOR Y N OTI CE.

1000 - such an amount as £ , where travelling expenses have not to be added , O f where several designs have not been made, where materials a former building e are not used, and wher the architect does not act as the surveyor, or Of s measurer, taking the quantities materials and work from the drawing and ’ n — ’ speciﬁcations for the builder s use in estimating . The measuri g surveyor s Of n in L charge usually comes in as part the cost of the buildi g ; and ondon ,

O f it as indeed in many the chief towns, is considered most desirable that

“ ” the ff . surveyor and the architect should be di erent individuals There remains,

- therefore, to be added to the amounts stated as building cost , not less than ’

5 . per cent upon each , as well as the travelling and other extras, being architect s f —Of— neces . A O expenses, if any lso, should the services a clerk works be deemed C Of sary, to secure a loseness superintendence beyond what an architect will be

' aﬁor d - h bound to , and whic may be true economy even where the cost of a w — house falls ithin the limits kept in view in this publication , the weekly Of i stipend will have to be paid by the owner the build ng, although the clerk

- In Of works will act as the deputy or subordinate Of the architect . the case O f £ 1000 n a cost below , the reader may consider the professio al charges as Of having been matter special agreement ; for, most architects would consider

- Of ff s themselves ill paid at the rate mentioned , for houses the di erent cla ses 1 f £ 000 . In O O f below the cost fact, it is one problem the improvement the

taste in O f f public _ architecture . and the extended practice building O a kind

- Of conducive to health and comfort , how to induce a general enlistment the O services of architects by the ffer of remuneration adequate on the one side, — and not a serious addition to building cost on the other.

- - may b e Where an architect is not employed , the apparent building cost less than where he is ; but the value of the ar ticle O btained is apt to be affected r not simply by inferior and less a tistic appearance , added to defective internal

O f . arrangements, but by speedy requirements repairs There is a wide but comprehensive interval O f difference between the best work and much Of that called : which is best that is to say, the interval includes, even comprehending a O f fi m what may have been in e ch the cases properly speci ed or described, any

O f . In Of varieties or qualities material and workmanship short, not any the safeguards against inferior work can be dispensed with advisedly , in building, where the natural tendency O f self- interest on the one hand is to recognize

f O f caveat em tor the validity and su ﬁciency the doctrine of p , and where the

f - O d . unaided knowledge on the other, the buyer, is ina equate for self protection

These safeguards comprise careful selection of the executant of the work , and the having a design that has been carefully matured , and that is explained as clearly as delineation and description will permit ; and , lastly, _competent

ffi Of O f superintendence , su cient to insure the performance the letter the con O f tract, and adequate to the exposure deviations from the original intention in those details wherein ordinary language does not keep pace with the inﬂux Xii GLOSSAR Y.

a - Of of qualifying phrases, that give different tr de acceptations in place the i a one proper or orig n l acceptation of a word , or with the lapse from their true

meaning O f nouns andadjectives employed in trade .

LONDON Ma 1868. , y,

S C O T T I S H T E C H N I C A L T E R M S .

I R K WH IC H OCCU R IN TH S WO .

- - - - r NAPERY PRESS : a nen ose ACK STILE of oo or ate an in st e , o t t or line r ess . B , d r g h g g il uprigh li cl , a

o on of the amn e e the n es ar e. I END : ort on of oo et een or ont o s to p rti fr i g, wh r hi g P p i r f b w c igu u

— - ALK : a e e of t me om 4 to 10 n es s the af ers e n te me en - ra e s B pi c i b r fr i ch hip , hip r t b i g r d pi d ft r

a o mor an n . square. pl tf r l di g ATTED t ea : se e mo en ea or O LISH ED as a e to r ees one : r e t all B wi h l d cur d with lt l d , P , ppli d f t ubb d ill ma s O f the oo a o i with pieces of lead driven i nto a groo ve or othe r rk t l re bl te rated . R ESS : a oset e ent o me in the t n t n . , q ess cu ti g P cl fr u ly f r d hick

CAMP- C EI LED : having part Of the ceiling or soffit Ofa wall . s o e o the a a tment e n a in RAGGLE : a e tan a oo e cut in s one or i l p d , thr ugh p r b i g p rtly r c gul r gr v t br ck

- o the roo f ; tent fo rmed. w rk. ' — - - SAr E- L I NTEI. or SAF EIY LI NTEL : the oo n nt C HIMNEY C A N : chimney pot. w de li el

- - is ace e n a s one nte or an a CHIMNEY STA LK : chimney stack. which pl d b hi d t li l rch

- of a oo or n o . CONDUCTOR : rain water pipe. d r wi d w

O PE n O LE : . C : copi g. S cill

maso n n- stone LE- PLATE of on eam o mﬂan CO RNERS in : o s O : to e. , ry qu i S , ir b b t g d e in COURS ER in mas o n : s e e . NECKED e : uncouis e the , ry tr tch r S rubbl rubbl , which OO K : oo en ri en nto a mo se cut in stones are se aS ' t e o the n e st es D w d plug d v i rti u d h y ccur, i t r ic

ﬁn o ne to. mason o o for ﬁe r et een the a e s ones e n ry brickw rk , xi g j i ry b w l rg r t b i g ll d with

ROVED in stone- ess n : an om- too e se sma e e es en t s is one w eat D , dr i g r d l d ; chi l ll r pi c Wh hi d ith gr

esse . n ce t and so as to ese e e e t the ori dr d i y, pr rv p rf c ly h

EAVES - R UN - z o n nte : eaves gutter. tal and v ertical bond by the compl ete i r ' ‘ F OR D SI ILE of oo or ate os n - st e or r t a n O f the amo o s stones the O e at on , d r g ; cl i g il , up igh l ci g rph u , p r i mth n o on ofthe amn a est o e es. is te me smokin andthe o is a e at a ked p rti fr i g, f rth fr hi g r d g, w rk c ll d t c

NBAN D - AND - UPSTART in mas on o n- s : tones u e. I , ry qu i r bbl

a te na e - - - - - m a t t ons : uar te oa andlow andna o and TANDARDS of t me a e rs . , , q l r t ly br d rr w high S i b r fr d p r i i “ o es on n in a ea an e the on - and TRAP as a e to nte o of a s for e e n c rr p di g pp r c with l g S , ppli d i ri r w ll , r c ivi g s o o of a on mas n n h rt w rk S x o ry in E gland lath andplas ter : batten. NGO I NG : e e a . PSTAR T in mason : a stone set on end. I r v l U , ry

F I R T H O F C L Y D E .

F R O N T E L E V A T I O N

If s 2 IO 30 so 30

PLA N GR O UN D F L O O R

El e vation and Se c tion of Van e

12 5 0 1 2 j

J T Rorixead Amlmz ot R Daws on Engraver

BLA CKIE & SON GL GOW I . AS . ED NBUR GH Ec LONDUhI

TTA E A RC TECT R E VI LLA A ND CO G HI U .

n whole length by the large window at the end of the vestibule . O the left of the corridor is the door to the drawing - room and entrance to the staircase ; at its — further end is the door to the dining room ; and on the right is a door to a bed

room, and another to a passage communicating with the kitchen department,

’ ’ n v which contai s , besides the kitchen , a ser ants hall, butler s pantry and sleeping

’ l — larder ' with room, scul ery, laundry, milk room, and , stair to a servant s bedroom placed in an attic ﬂoor over the laundry .

- TH E UPPE R LO O R P III. ur F ( late ) contains fo good bedrooms, a dressing room , — w - and a bath room ith water closet, all very compactly arranged with great economy in the lobby space . A mong the various features to be commended in the arrangements of this

ar e house, the turn at right angles in the entrance from the porch to the vesti h — bule , designed to secure the interior against draug ts that frequent source of — annoyance and ill health the position of the conservatory, and the ready access — to it from the drawing room ; the form and recessed situation of the staircase

al is leading to the bedroom ﬂoor, and the important extern feature which made

n of it ; the conve ient position of the kitchen , well removed from the corridor, — but near to the dining room, with which it communicates by a service door; and the retired situation of the back entrance door.

In the exterior elevations will be found many striking features gracef ully f carried out . O these we would instance the manner in which the richly

— i - ri mullioned bay window of the draw ng room is carried up , giving an o el and

w l n balcony to the principal bedroom , ith the piquant corbel ing and treatme t

O f the gable over it ; the change of plan made on the upper part O f the staircase

- tower, with its many gabled and high pointed octagonal roof, terminating with

ﬁnial and vane ; and the two overhanging corbelled windows in other bedrooms ;

w i r all of hich, whilst they g ve convenience and impart elegance to the inte ior

ri arrangements, are made at the same time to add greatly to the va ety and picturesque effect of the exter ior.

The external walls, which are two feet thick, are all built of an easily w O r rought sandstone of a red colour, btained from a qua ry in the immediate

’ — vicinity . The base course , corners, stairs and steps, chimney stalks, and all

Of rt i dressings doors and windows, are of hewn stone, the moulded po ions be ng

polished, and the walls between built of coursers about ﬁve inches high, left

. n rough on the face , and pointed with hydraulic lime The inter al walls that F L A N K E L E V A T rO N .

m 2 0 40a n

El e vation ofIIIIBI‘ l OI‘ D o or s

P LA N R 0O M F L

Pl an of interior Door s

IE 5 0 10 40 PM

R Daws mEn ave J T w eat h erman gr r

‘ 3: LONDON 5 1u\CY..lE 3c SON GLAS GOW. SDT TB URBH

F E R N C L F F V I I LL A .

S E C T I O N L I N E A . B . P L A N .

B A C K E L E V A T I O N .

J. T Ro ch eadAr chite ct R Daws on Engraver

BLACKIE 8c SUN G . LA SGOW EDINB URGH k LONDON.

Pl an of O r ie l Window o n th e lin e K L

Pr go ect m

5 8 011011 of

Fl W W a l a- O

V e s b W gmO g u ule indow" .

ﬁorh r I Zl md. A r /13

BL ACKI E Rf S ON O LA S GOW EDIN BUR G _ , H L O N D O N .

VI LLA AND COTTAGE A RCHITECTU RE

di r n O f r buil ng, d aw to a larger scale, by means which the const uction , ﬁnishing

and ornamentation will be found fully and clearly explained .

The cost of the house is here given from the accounts of the various trades men

Mas on and a e o £870 10 l Brickl y r w rk, Car en e and o ne o in in onmon e and ass 552 12 6 p t r J i r w rk, clud g Ir g ry Gl , }1 ate o 73 6 3 Sl r w rk, me o 154 9 4 Plu b r w rk , as te o 9 4 Pl r w rk , 7 4 Ma es e s andEn a st Ties 5312 0 rbl , B ll , c u ic l ,

£178314 7

The conservatory was erected sometime after the completion of the build

not . ing, and is included in the statement of cost

PL A E VI T .

O A K L E ' I O H V L L A I .

BL A I R M O R E L O C H L O N G .

J O IIN GO R D ON C H I T W . AR E C T. GLA S G O

P E R S P E C T I V E .

F L A N K E L E V A T I O N V I . B A C K E LE A T O N

Sc al e for E lev aucms

Joh n Gor don Ar cldLecL . J H v Le Keux Engra er

I ar w r a n . v n BL A CK E Ar S O N ms a nw h wmm n u n N“ - O A K L E I G H V I L L A ,

LA IR MO R E LO C LO . B , H NG

J O H N G O R D O N A R C H T E C T G L A S G O W , I ,

— P L A T E S V I . V I I I .

A KLEIGH LLA L L VI is situated on the shores of och ong, near its n w i C ju ction ith the F rth of lyde, and stands upon a rising ground about two hundred and ﬁfty feet back from the road

' l Of which skirts the loch , and fu ly forty feet above the level I It 186 3. n its waters . was erected in the year front of the house there is

a steep rocky bank clothed with natural wood and creeping plants, which

- n r m forms a pleasing contrast to the smooth kept law beneath it . The platfo on li e ri which the house stands is of mit d extent, and in the rear the hills se

- to a height of some eighteen hundred feet . a The house faces the e st, an exposure not desirable, but necessitated by

v n l the nature of the ground, and ha i g its drawbacks wel compensated by a i m i . O n L L very ﬁne V ew the left, the front w ndows com and och ong to its

Loch oil w A ill — in junction with g , ith the rugged rrochar h s beyond front are C K the shores of ove and ilcreggan , and the whole stretch of the Clyde from i — Greenock to Bowl ng to the right the View includes Gourock, and the channel as far as Wemyss Bay .

The house is in the Italian style, and in respect of internal arrangement and external appearance is specially adapted to the site . The leading features — ﬁve - i of the design are a spacious l ghted bow window, rising the whole height

the n i of the front, and lighting dining and drawi g rooms ; a tower w th a — - ﬁf l r in t f sadd e back roof and tu ret, term ating about y three eet above the ground ;

an i i- in and open entrance porch , w th sem circular arches, spr ging from columns with carved capitals VI LLA AN D CO TTAGE ARC HITECTURE. — O n VII. PR INCIPA L FLOOR . the ground ﬂoor (Plate ) the front or east side u of the building is occupied by the entrance porch, vestib le, staircase, and dining

’ be d- and r room ; behind are the parlour, lower room, kitchen, butler s pant y, the di — latter occupying a central position between the ning room and kitchen, and

’ mu w ll r com nicating ith both ; whilst the scu ery, se vants room, laundry, coal

&c. r i n s depot, , fo m a wing by themselves, extend ng orthward from the north

' — i - l i i i . u gable of the ma n bu ld ng There is also a w ne cel ar nder the dining room,

- to which access is b adby a small stair entering from the dining room closet.

THE E R LOO R — — UPP F consists of the drawing room, three bed rooms, bath

850. A O b room, stair pening from the lo by in the upper floor leads up to a — comfortable smoking room in the tower.

i ri The height from ﬂoor to ceil ng of the p ncipal ﬂoor is twelve feet, and

“ Of d n — in the upper ﬂoor the height the rawi g room is eleven feet six inches, and — — of the bed rooms and tower room ten feet .

l tw o The external wal s are feet thick, and constructed of schistose rubble,

r n s procured by qua rying about a hu dred yards behind the house, with dressing

e of white freestone , brought by water from near Glasgow, a distanc of about

r m . f thi ty iles The reestone has the mouldings polished, and the plain surfaces f partly droved and partly ﬁnely dabbed . The rubble of the three principal ronts

r s i is ir r e u is laid in cou es, and pointed w th Portland cement ; that of the rear g

- m lar l i w r l e . y d sposed , and rough cast ith hyd aulic The walls at the ground

well level, as as the whole area inclosed within them, are covered with a layer of asphalte, as a protection against damp rising from the ground . The inner sides of all external walls are lathed before plastering .

The front roofs are covered with Welsh slates disposed in ornamental

s i l l bands, and the other w th undersized Ba lachu ish slates, the whole being rendered storm proof by means Of asphalted felt laid betwix t the slates and — in . s k s slate board g The gutter , plan s, piends, and ridge are covered with lead ,

ﬁashin s the ridges being secured with galvanized malleable iron straps . The g mn r Of . round chi ey stalks, and cove ing of the platform of the porch, are also lead n The back of the main roof, and both sides of the wi g roof, have galvanized cast — f l b ooks. O iron eave runs, supported by galvanized mal eable iron The ridges

w - n - the porch, to er, and bow window are surmounted by an or amental cast iron

cresting . O A KL E I G H L L A .

F R O N T E L E V A T I O N

P LA N O F G R O UN D F L O O R .

PL AN O F UP PE R F P L A N or R O O F ,

S a e fo r E v l l e -Ju an p

M 10 40 10 M

$ 0513 in Pl an e . Gm m rwce J ILLe Keux E v . . ngm

BLACKIE AC S ON . GLABOOWEID LKB UR G H BL L OND O N.

D E T A I L S .

C eiling

andC o rni c e

El ev anon 8c Secnon of Dr awmg Ro omC ornice

E Part l ev ation of Po r ch .

(t full Dr aw mgR oom do w

Stair Pe de s tal

”l 31 51311 full 5 12 6 ) l-7

‘ 3 12 9 a e o I 2 4 e 7 r m

BLA CKIE 8c SON GL SGO mBUR GH k LOITD ON . A W ED L OAKLEIGH VI L A. 7

“ o The car penter work is of best Quebec yellow pine, and the j iner work of

’

S J l n . Of ri best t . ohn s yel ow pi e The windows the three p ncipal fronts are glazed with plate - glass ; those in the rear and the projecting wing with crown All in n u glass . the w dows of the pri cipal ﬂoor are f rnished with shutters, n — — i excepti g the bow window of the dining room, which, in common w th the bed

n of s . room wi dows the upper ﬂoor, has imitation shutter only

i h n n ﬁn s i s . Internally the g and decorations are in keepi g with the exterior

The vestibule is paved with encaustic tiles, and the main lobby ﬂoor is of polished — pitch pine, having a broad inlaid border of oak , ebony, teak and plane tree .

ri ~ arranged in geomet cal forms . The staircase is lighted by a large and ﬁnely

i ri i n A painted w ndow of a picto al character. The stair, w th exceptio of rbroath

n and stone treads, is constructed chieﬂy of polished pitch pi e, is furnished with

l ri a highly ornamental rai ing, in which fret panels en ched with carved pateras

r w alte nate ith spiral balusters . The balusters with their capitals and bases

Of - l — are plane tree, the fretwork of pitch pine, g inch thick, with decorations of — teak planted upon it , and the cope and string board are of oak ; the whole being French polished .

— - i The interior of the bow window, forming the end of the draw ng room, is n i i l ﬁ ished w th detached columns, hav ng mou ded bases and foliated caps, sup porting moulded arches, which are enriched with laurel bead and ﬂoral clasp .

The jambs of this window are lined with mirrors su r mounted by decorated

h Of panels, which inclose female heads in hig relief, emblematic spring and

. A w summer plaster coving, ornamented ith trefoil, large water leaves, and

natural grass, bounded by a top and bottom moulding, the former relieved with

- l v ri r hair bel and ivy leaf, and the latter with convol ulus en chment, fo ms the — angle of the ceiling. The dining room has also plaster ornamentation specially designed for it. The principal features of these interior decorations are shown in detail on Plate VI I I .

A ll - — the rooms have marble chimney pieces, those of the sitting rooms being

r . somewhat ornamental, the othe s plain

— The house is ﬁtted throughout with gas pipes ; hot and cold water are

- - r supplied to the bath room , pantry, principal bed room, and sculle y ; and a coil — i h — of hot water pipes , connected w t the boiler used for the green house , serves to heat and ventilate the lobby in winter. A E T T R VI LLA AN D COTT G ARCHI EC U E.

i i The entire cost of the building was under £2000. Th s sum ncludes all the

- r decorative work already described, the papering of bed rooms, size colou ing of and n — u public rooms, staircase, porch, and pai ting of the wood work of ho se

and out—houses the erection of a poultry - house and yard for two dozen poultry ; — 22 11 — i s and of a green house feet by feet, with hot water heat ng apparatu ; the

i Of l Of s nking and building a large wel , and the building the front and back

n r al 186 4 193 bou da y w ls, the one feet long and 5 feet high, the other feet long

10 w . and feet high, together ith the entrance gate and gate pillars

The building is illustrated by plans of the several ﬂoors and elevations of

" o a i three of its sides, als by perspective view, in which the s de not given in

l nri i — elevation is well shown . The tastefu e chments of the draw ng room, the in w n elaborate staircase rail g, and portions of the porch , are sho n in detail i a

separate sheet .

PLA T E IX

0OTTXGE AT H O LLY V LLA I GE .

H I G H GA T E N E A R L O N D O N

A D A B I S H I R E A R C H T E T L II. I . R . C . O NDO N

P E R S P E C T I V E V I E W

o r E A S T A N D N O R T H F R O N T s

P LA N o r F GR O U N D L O O R P L A N o r C HA M B E R F L O O R

F R O V I N T E L E A T O N.

S c ale for Pl an s

mm s 0 10 r 20 3c 4c— 50 Ten H f 4 4 Scale for Elev anons li A DarbishIr e Ar ch ite ct J Sulprs Engraver

BLACKIE Gc SON OLASOUW_EDINBURGH k LONDON. C O T T A G E A T H O L LY V I L L A G E

G A E EA R LO O . HI HG T , N ND N

H T E C T L O N D N H . A . D A R B I S H IR E A R C O . , I ,

— P L A T E S I X . X I .

HIS is one of a group of eight detached cottages that have been M l L C . It bui t at Highgate, near ondon , for iss Burdett outts was 1865 S ’ erected in the year , and is situated on the east side of wain s

L O f l L ane, which forms the boundary of the grounds Ho ly odge, M C ’ iss outts residence , from various points in which , these cottages are designed to form pictur esque and ornamental features .

u ir r e u The ground upon which it is b ilt is of a triangular form, and slopes g lar ly towards the west and north - west ; and the arrangements of the cottage i w have been d sposed ith special reference to its site , which is rendered still more irregular by the positions of some large trees .

This house is designed to be occupied by a family, and by a lodger who e i requir s good, and at the same t me retired, apartments, and whose wants can

w ri be attended to by the family who let the rooms, ithout interfe ng with the

ri p vacy O f either. — PR INC IPA L FLO O R The entrance is through an Open porch in the east front ,

O Of a door opposite pens on the lobby the house proper, and another at the right

’ hand on the lobby of the lodger s apartments . These rooms are entered from

own O f — their lobby, and consist a parlour and bed room, to which are attached

- al e : a water closet, a pantry , and a place for co s und r the stair The arrangement

of these rooms has been so contrived as to secure for their occupant all the

r l i privacy, quiet, and comfo t of a separate dwe l ng, without the responsibilities C IO VI LLA AND CO TTA GE ARC HITECTURE

of a household . The family house contains on the ground ﬂoor a parlour, kitchen ,

- r wash house or sculle y , and a pantry , besides a boiler in the scullery, and a

- . water closet, entered from the lobby, all very conveniently placed The lobby

7 i be is feet w de, and contains the staircase to the cham r ﬂoor ; the stair, being made to begin opposite the parlour door, ascends over the entrance door, and gives a wide and airy upper landing.

TH E E R LO O R - m all UPP F contains three good bed roo s , the doors to which are

l . wel contrived to prevent draughts, and screen the positions of the beds

E The style adopted is Domestic nglish Gothic, carried out with much

inter nal ﬁnishin s fulness of detail and or namentation . The g are executed in the same taste as those Of the exterior.

The walls are constructed of good stock bricks, the external facework being

w ri aviors i executed ith a supe or kind of stock bricks called p , wh ch are harder and

ri C have a cher and more uniform colour than the ommon stocks ; the plinths,

ri - r a st ng courses, door and window jambs, and the o nament l facework, such as

w ri &c. lozenges, diamonds, , are executed ith white Huntingdon b cks, which are

S f ri l whiter than paviors , and more durable than the u folk b cks genera ly A ll employed for this purpose . the corners of the walls and of door and window

are i c jambs splayed or enriched w th a quirked bead, whi h softens and gives a general richness and reﬁnement to the outlines at a triﬂing expense . Portland

i w l s stone is employed for the w ndo cil s, detached shafts, moulded part of

— ri chimney heads, and in other situations where b ck is not desirable .

To prevent damp rising in the walls the following mix ture was laid on them

— viz 5 at the level of six inches above the ground line , . pails dry washed sand,

2 4 4t I lbs ; pails lime, 5 pails gas tar, of pitch, and i tallow, boiled together for h four hours and laid on ot. M The whole external woodwork is constructed of oulmein teak, well T l varnished ; all the internal woodwork of best Baltic timber. his beautifu and expensive teak was adopted for the external work in preference to oak (than

which it is more expensive and more difﬁcult to work), on account of its ﬁne

- colour, its durability, and non liability to warp and split though long exposed to W the inﬂuences of the eather.

’ The roofs are ﬁrst covered with C r oggan s patent asphalted felt laid upon i C rough board ng , and then slated with umberland slates of a delicate green colour,

LLA E COTTA GE AT HO LLY VI G . 11

f having ornamental bands and ﬁgures executed in darker shades O slate . The i All ornamental ridges are of Staffordshire blue t le . hips and valleys are — - covered with 6 lbs . lead . The cave gutters and rain water pipes are of cast

iron .

A ll easements w - the windows are , glazed with heavy cro n glass, and made to s open outwards, checked to prevent the ingres of the weather, and secured by a

purposely designed fastener, which serves as a stay bar when the windows are

ff . open, and secures them e ectually when they are shut The whole of the work is executed with an amount of care and ﬁnish such

as is seldom bestowed on buildings of a much more pretentious descr iption .

' r ou of u l The g p buildings, of which the one nder review forms but a smal part,

’ having been erected with a view to the decoration of the margin of Miss Coutts

u - i O f pleas re grounds, and at same time of prov ding cottage accommodation a

ri ri superior desc ption , and as the mate als and workmanship are of the very best

It O f ri description, the cost has been considerable . therefore fers no crite on for the cost at which a cottage of the same design and dimensions could be erected

in a substantial but more ordinary manner.

i We llustrate this example by plans of the ground and chamber ﬂoors,

l A B elevations of each front, a genera section , taken on the dotted line marked .

Of - t A on plans, and a perspective view the exterior from the north eas lso a l n sheet of detai s, by which the construction of the many or amental features,

- - easements such as the porch , gablets, barge boardings, chimney stalks , and , may

be clearly and distinctly understood . SE Y M O UR L O D G E ,

CO E LO C LO . V , H NG

W A . 8 L G . T H O M S O N A R C H T E C T S G L A S G O , I

' — P L A T E s x r r . x v .

HIS C — house is situated at ove, a pleasant sea side resort on the

O f L L w east shore och ong, near its junction ith the Firth of

It 1 50. Clyde . was erected in the year 8 The site of the building is a portion of the narrow belt of level ground between the road along the beach and the high rocky bank which forms the ancient

s coast line . This bank is adorned with natural wood, and completely helters l f and shuts in the lower level from the east, whi st a beauti ul and extensive L f — view of the och and the Firth presents itsel to the west, north west, and

— r l south west . The prospect to the north and south is pa tia ly conﬁned by the adjoining villas and the planting connected with them .

The plans and general design are arranged to suit the limited nature of b the site . The lock plan is nearly a true square , with a wing containing

t e the kitchen accessories attached to h one end, and a projecting porch to

the other. The extent of frontage is thereby increased, and provision made for placing the house nearer to the bank than it could have been had the B kitchen accessories been projected behind . y this arrangement the limited

- breadth in front available for pleasure ground is economized, and its propor tions considerably improved . The entrance is placed at one end so as to keep w — the approach away from the indows of the sitting rooms, and these rooms are w u i provided ith large windows which f lly command the V ew seawards .

R O N LO O R — i G U D F The projected porch is prov ded with double doors . The 5 3 lobby is feet inches wide, and is lighted at the end by a large mullioned window ﬁlled with stained glass . This ﬂoor contains a parlour and dining

E 13 SEYMO U R LO DG .

room to the front, with the staircase to the upper ﬂoor, having a pantry

- . In underneath it, and to the rear two good bed rooms and k tchen the

’ i r - wing, wh ch is entered through the kitchen , there is a se vants bed room ,

’

- - s l s . wash hou e, larder, coal ce lar, ashpit, and servant closet

TH E E R LO OR — ni — UPP F contains a drawing room placed over the di ng room , — l m . three good bed rooms, one smal room, and two com odious closets

The style of the design is an adaptation of the later Gothic, and of a somewhat more ornamental character than usual in houses Of this size . The

ﬁnishin d r i in s an interior g are substantial handsome, and ca r ed out the same taste as the exterior.

The external walls are built of rubble ; the corners, upper course of base , s jambs, soles and lintel of openings, and all moulded and splayed parts, are

i - w of dressed freestone . The outside steps and ch mney shafts are also rought in dressed freestone . The rubble is of gray schistose rock found in the immediate

O f neighbourhood . The freestone employed is from Inverkip , on the Firth

C i . ri lyde, d stant by water about seven miles The partition walls of the p ncipal A ll ﬂoor are Of brick ; and those of the upper ﬂoor of standards and lath . external walls are lathed on the inside .

l ri 11 The height of cei ings of the p ncipal ﬂoor is feet 6 inches . The ceilings

l camceiled 11 of the upper ﬂoor are partial y p , and have a height of feet in — — the drawing room and 9 feet in the bed rooms .

k The sleeper joists of ground ﬂoor, safe lintels, wall plates, doo s and all

r A exte nal wood work , are of merican red pine ; the ﬂooring of dram battens . All the other wood work is of A merican yellow pine— that for the internal ﬁni hin s gs being carefully selected .

The w - roofs are covered ith under sized West Highland slates, having bands of slates, arranged diagonally, or in diamond form, to give variety and lightness

. l of appearance The eave gutters and roof val eys are lined with lead, and the

n — ﬂashin s — chim ey stacks have lead g raggled into the stone work , and pointed

ﬂashin and r ‘ . The s o ch with cement g at kitchen wing p are of zinc . The ridge

ri s — cresting and dge tiles, as well as the balcony railings , are of ea t iron , made

s to design by the architects .

n m The wi dows of the front are for ed in easements, and glazed with plate

ri glass . Since that mate al has been so reduced in price as to permit Of its D 14 VILLA AND COTTAGE ARC HITECTUR E.

ri being freely used, shutters , as a means of secu ty, have been considered less

' O n i O f necessary than formerly . the front w ndows this house they are

i O f t therefore dispensed w th, and taking advantage his circumstance, mirrors are inserted at each side of the dining—room window in the spaces usually

. i ff occupied by shutters This contrivance g ves an agreeable e ect of lightness, and reproduces the pleasing external view inside the room .

f The front O the parlour is one continuous window . While the cooling properties of such an amount of glass might be Objectionable in a house to

be occupied in winter, in this house, which is only occupied during the summer

. months, it is found advantageous, and the parlour, from its cheerfulness, is quite a favourite room .

The staircase landing on the upper ﬂoor has a ﬂat ceiling formed into

panels by wood work and ﬁlled with coloured glass, through which the light is transmitted from the large sloping window shown in the rear of roof.

The cost O f the building was as follows

Mas on o i a e o and e o estmate £450 0 0 W rk, Br ckl y r W rk , Digg r W rk ( i d), Ca ente o ne and ronmon e o n n ass and az n 333 6 rp r, J i r, I g ry W rk , i cludi g Gl Gl i g, ate o 35 10 0 Sl r W rk, aste o 45 5 10 Pl r W rk , mbe o 45 8 6 Plu r W rk,

on r e ando namenta ba on es es tmated 2 1 9 0 Ir idg r l lc i ( i ), Mar e C mne — e es for t e e Rooms 2 1 0 0 bl hi y pi c hr , Bells andBellhanging 14 5 0

£96 6 4 85

The exact cost of the ﬁrst item stated above has not been preserved , but its place is supplied by an estimate derived from prices that prevailed in the locality at the date of building. The balcony railings shown on the Plates

' are on a more recently constructed villa in the same locality, those on this

I The ri house being Of a much plainer pattern . p ce given is for the more n ornamental desig .

The statement of cost does not take cognizance O f additions made to the

w n . house at a later date, and hich are not show on the Plates

u This b ilding is illustrated by plans of the ground and upper ﬂoor, and

“ elevations of the four sides ; also by two sheets giving full details of the masonry and of the external ornamental wood work .

V I L L A A T T R I N I T Y ,

N E A R E D I N B U R G H .

W L K E R A R C H T E C T E D N B U R G H . A M E S C . A J , I , I

P L A T E S X V I . X V I I .

186 3 N the year this house was erected at Trinity, a pleasant suburb of I Edinburgh overlooking the Firth of For th . t occupies a corner plot

o Of of gr und at the junction of two roads, the land on either side which ff is laid o in villa lots . The view right in front being thus somewhat f conﬁned, the architect has adopted an ef ective expedient for increasing the extent and cheerfulness of the prospect from the principal rooms by placing oriel l u windows on the externa angles of the front . These are carried p through the ff i chamber ﬂoor and roof, a ording ncreased space in each of the bedrooms above,

s . and terminate outside in small enriched gable , necessitating the hipping of the i roof, which is managed w th dexterity and neatness .

The entrance porch in the centre of north front is carr ied up through both

r - i sto ies, and treated in a manner very similar to the bay w ndows, the central m i opening ing the door, and the side windows serv ng to light the hall and A corridor. glass door and screen is placed between the hall and corridor to prevent draughts .

— ‘ TH E R O N LO O R w n - 18 G U D F contains a dining room and dra i g room, each

6 16 3i havrn in feet inches by feet nches, and each g a w dow in the west front,

- - besides the oriels in the north west and south west angles of the rooms . The

staircase, the steps of which are stone, is in the middle of the house, and is

e light d from the roof by means of double lights, the interior one being on a

. Th e level with the ceiling of upper ﬂoor ground ﬂoor also contains a parlour,

’ - all kitchen , scullery, servants bedroom, larder, coal cellar, and closets, of good size and conveniently placed . 16 VI LLA AND COTTA GE ARC HITECTU RE.

TH E C A ER L O O R — H MB F contains four large sized bedrooms, two smaller

r - - bedrooms, one d essing room, a bath room, and several large closets and presses, all compact and convenient in ar rangement without loss of space or sacriﬁce of

- m . S f in co fort everal of the bedrooms are entered from sub lobbies, thus a ford g additional privacy ; and all the doors are so arranged that in opening they cover the positions of the beds .

The ﬁreplaces in principal rooms are on the same side as the entrance

and i doors, nearly all the others are placed in the nternal walls, an arrangement very conducive to comfort and economy of fuel .

l Of 11 9 The two principa rooms have a clear height feet inches, the

ri 10 9 parlour, bedroom above it, cor dor, and kitchen feet inches, and the other

l 10 . bedrooms, except the one over scu lery, feet Part of this height in upper ﬂoor is gained by raising the balks or ceiling joists three feet higher than

- w X . the wall heads, as sho n in the section, Plate VI I

The whole external walls are built of the best freestone rubble 2 feet

- n thick, all partition walls on grou d ﬂoor, and those immediately over them in

l w l— r ri i upper ﬂoor, are bui t ith wel bu ned b cks, the rema ning partitions being composed of wood standards lathed on both sides .

l — m - The north , west, and south wal s are faced with well squared ham er dressed

w . snecked rubble, the joints pointed and drawn ith a key The corners, jambs

i and a in of windows, and of doors, are executed nband upst rt, the former be g

16 8 8 e inches square on bed and inches thick, the latter inch s square on bed and

1 sofﬁt 8 inches high . The ingoing faces at openings, the of lintels, and top of

l all si ls are polished, whilst the external faces of stone dressings on corners and n i round windows and doors are left rough, projecti g an inch, hav ng a tooled i marg n wrought all round, the face of margin beingprojected inch beyond face l of wall . The manner in which these stones are wrought and bui t, with the

corbellingout of upper part of oriels, and the framing of projecting roof and

n X . gables above, is clearly show in Plate VII

Of Cr ai leith r The stone employed for the body the walls is from g Qua ry , nd i a all the stones for dress ngs of doors, windows, corners, and base course are

E . A ll from Hailes Quarry, both of which are in the neighbourhood of dinburgh

external walls are strapped and lathed on the inside for plaster.

all - l The timber used for safe intels over openings, and for sleepers, joists,

VI LLA AT TR INITY. 17

S ri rooﬁng, and other carpenter work , is of the best wedish red pine ; the ﬂoo ng,

- ﬁni h in S i all s slate boarding, and lin gs are of wed sh white wood ; and internal

i &c. A ri . ngs of doors, windows, , are of me can yellow pine

- The windows of the sitting rooms are glazed with plate glass, those of the

2 1 . . bedrooms with oz sheet . glass

w i r 14 8 The roof is covered ith best Welsh (Port D no wick, inches by inches)

- i r all l . slates, hav ng every thi d course, and the slates on gables, double nai ed The

- 20 . r u s &c. all gutte s , cave r ns, conductor , ridges, , are of zinc, weighing oz per i — square foot ; the ornamental ridge cresting is of iron, and the ch mney cans are

- of ﬁr e clay.

The ﬂoor of entrance hall is laid with encaustic tiles, and the three sitting — rooms and four of the bedrooms have chimney pieces of enamelled slate .

The accounts of the various tradesmen show the cost of this house to be as follows

i in Mas on and or £555 6 6 D gg g, , Brick w k , Ca ente and o ne o s in n onmon e and az e or 452 8 0 rp r J i r w rk , cludi g Ir g ry Gl i r w k, ate o 51 10 0 Sl r w rk ,

me o 56 0 10 Plu b r w rk , as te o 6 9 l l 5 Pl r w rk , el an n o 14 12 0 B l h gi g w rk, ﬁttin o 0 Gas 12 0 g w rk, En a st T les 5 0 8 c u ic i ,

Ename le ate C imne - e es 20 5 0 l d Sl h y pi c ,

£1236 I4 5

r The cost of the o namental ridge cresting is not included in the above .

il This house is lustrated by plans of the ground and bedroom ﬂoors, plan of

r al roof, and elevations of th ee of its sides ; also by a gener section, a large scale l plan and elevation of the oriels, with en arged drawings of the corbelling above

- cantaliver s al . entrance door, and of the and ornament framing at gables The i south front, which is not shown, may read ly be made out from the other

i . It c draw ngs presents a gable in entre portion over projection at kitchen ,

i n Of t- hav ng one wi dow on each ﬂoor under centre gable, the lef hand corner of — h i i - t is front be ng terminated by the angle oriel of din ng room, and the right hand l corner by the lower roof over scu lery, the side of that roof being seen in this elevation . C R I G I Y V I A A L E L L A,

EA R K LCR E A R O F CL N I GG N, FI TH YDE .

A . 8 5 G . T H O M S O N A R C H T E C T S , I , G L A S G O W

L T E V I I I — I P A S X X X .

R A IG A I LEY VI LLA is situated on the extremity of the point

“ .b L L C formed y the junction of och ong with the Firth of lyde, at

a height of about eighty feet above the sea, and two hundred yards

di . It 1850 stant from the beach was erected in the year , and l l n though but a smal bui ding, from the promi ence of its position it forms a

O i i striking bject when v ewed from pass ng steamboats, from which its varied

i masses l . outl ne and picturesque , seen against the sky, tel to much advantage m The house faces the south, and co mands an extensive and lively prospect , C i embracing the whole range of the Firth of lyde, w th its busy trafﬁc, from

O Of L L Gourock on the one hand, and the pening och ong on the other, to where

d Cumbr ae A . it is closed in by the istant islands of Bute, , and rran s Thi house being only a summer residence, space has been economized as

u the far as possible in its internal arrangements, but without c rtailment of accommodation requisite for a family of moderate means .

The building is elevated on a base of rustic work, and the entrance porch is reached by a broad ﬂight of ten steps, which are ﬂanked by piers and i parapets . The main door is made to fold back aga nst the side walls in two

ri halves of two leaves each , and is kept back du ng the day, so that the glass door immediately behind it is the entrance door in constant use . The vestibule is i abundantly lighted by a group of ﬁve round arched w ndows in the south wall ,

O and pens directly upon the hall and staircase, which are well lighted from the

Th i ff c e . e e e vestibule, and by a staircas window porch and vestibule comb ne tuall b all y to protect the from draughts .

CRAIG AI LEY VI LLA. 19

O - r i From the hall, a door in front pens to the dining oom, wh ch is lighted by

O a large triplet window in the east wall, and a door on the left pens to the

r w n — i l d a i g room, wh ch is lighted by a large semicircu ar oriel in the south wall ;

l O i another door on the left side of ha l pens on the passage to kitchen, wh ch fﬁ leads also to the Ofﬁces and kitchen court . These o ces consist of a wash

’ coal cellar - house, servants bedroom, larder, f , root house and ashpit, and form a n in n wi g attached to the west side of the house, giv g i creased length of front,

i ri i with more mportance and va ety to the exter or.

s l The upper ﬂoor contains three large bedrooms, one ma ler bedroom, one

- - n . dressi g room, a bath room, and several , closets and presses From the stair landing a trap - stair conducts to a belvidere or smoking- room in the upper ﬂoor f O tower. o The base is built of large rough stones set on end, pr ducing a character

l ff ri of work suggestive of a repetition of the stratiﬁed c i , near the b nk of which

. r l the house is placed The external walls are of ubble, bui t in irregular courses,

x i and carefully pointed with a mi ture of l me, smithy ashes, and oil, the joints

’ i n i a i ' be ng draw in w th a key, and fterwards painted w th white lead . The surfaces of the rubble work ar e those formed by the natur al cross cleavage of the

i . r n i rock w thout further manipulation The d essi gs of w ndows and outside doors,

ls s m - external corners of wal , string and corbel cour es, dado parts of chi ney stacks,

ts i i - and the shaf , arches, and frieze courses of or el, d ning room, and vestibule — i l - r w ndows, and steps, platt, and die wa l at entrance door, are of f eestone . The

i s dressings round external open ng , and on corners, are wrought with tooled

- m all . margins, the face of the stone being ham er dressed ; other dressings are

o . i in m t oled The rubble is of sch stose rock , found the im ediate neighbourhood

o O of the site ; the freestone is from G urock , on the pposite shore of the Firth .

2 i i i in d n The masonry of base is feet th ck, ncreas ng thickness ow wards . From the to p of base to the line Of upper ﬂoor the exte rnal walls are 1 foot 9 i 2 i i inches th ck above that line they are feet th ck, be ng projected 3inches on T a corbel moulding . his projection of the upper portion of the wall gives the ff e ect of a string course by very simple means, and without presenting any

al surface on which water can lodge . The w l over oriel window is carried on

- I two cast iron beams of section, placed side by side, each beam 10inches

7 - 1 broad by inches high , the sole plate being 53, and the other parts of 171; inch

- - metal ; the triplet window of dining room has also an inside cast - iron beam , A D COTTA E AR TE 20 VI LL AN G C HI CT UR E.

14 i 7 hi a nches broad by inches gh , of I ": section , the met l being of same i i l thickness as the other iron beams . The nternal th ck wa ls are of rubble ; the n m partitions on grou d ﬂoor, with those in upper ﬂoor im ediately over them, are k n of bric , the remai der being composed of wood standards lathed on both sides .

— - l n - docks n The safe i tels, wall plates, , wi dow grounds, joisting of principal

s i - ﬂoor, outside door with their frames, w ndow cases and sashes, and the wood

. JO istin work of projecting eaves, are of Quebec red pine g of upper ﬂoor, ceiling i joists, rooﬁng, and all other carpenter work, are of Quebec yellow p ne . The

ﬁnih Amri all s in s inside doors , with internal wood g , are of selected e can yellow

i . rin p ne The ﬂoo g is of Dram battens .

2 4 The roofs overhang the walls feet inches, and are covered with large

V V estmor eland - sized slates, double nailed ; all the ridges and hips are covered

ﬂashin s i 6 . with, and g round ch mneys formed of, lbs lead, the latter being let i into raggles cut in the stone work , batted with lead, and afterwards pointed w th w 6 cement ; the roof over oriel and the balcony are also covered ith lbs . lead . — The ornamental parapet of balcony and ﬁnial of tower are of cast iron, and the

- ﬁx ae ri i m ante chi ney shafts of terra cotta . The on o el w ndow, and acroteria on points of gables, are of red pine .

All i - in i the w ndows are glazed with sheet glass large panes, the sashes be ng

i r — hung in the usual way, w th exception of that of stai case, which is ﬁxed, and

Of a i . those tower and cell rs, wh ch are hinged

in s ri 11 The height of ceil g on the p ncipal ﬂoor is feet, and that of the bed

fl All r room oor 9 feet 6 inches . the bed ooms on upper floor are partially camceil l v for p ed. Venti ation is pro ided the space below the entrance floor by

Of in i - i n n means open gs in the base, wh ch have cast ron grati gs; and for the pri ci al n i p rooms by Openi gs in ornamental compos tion placed over the doors .

l ri This vil a, on whichever side it is viewed, presents a ﬁnished exte or, each

, in i l s It side varied its outl nes, and we l balanced in its masse affords a good

li Of l example of the capabi ties the Ita ian style, and how that style may be made i m i to combine modern requ rements, such as large and nu erous w ndows, oriels,

al i &c. i l . b con es, , w th gracefu forms and picturesque grouping There are features in i also in this build g wh ch at the time of its erection were considered novel, i such as project ng the oriel to an extent greater than a semicircle, so as to em

- brace a more extended view than the ordinary semi circular or semi- octagonal

CRAIG AILEY VI LLA. 2 1

of to forms window ; the great projection of the roofs, the character given the

Of . eaves and gables, and the recessed arcaded grouping the other windows

Objections are O ften urged against roofs of so low a pitch as those of this

villa, but the experience gained by this house, standing as it does in a very

l i r exposed position, goes far to prove that such roofs rea ly requ re less repai than

i i r those of a steep Goth c pitch . Wh lst roofs of the latter fo m on houses similarly situated in the immediate vicinity of the one under consideration have been often damaged by the severe gales to which this coast is exposed, those of this

m i iri villa have now stood for a nu ber of years w thout requ ng any considerable repair . The great projection of the roof is found of material advantage in pro

- teeting the walls andpreserving them water tight .

A il ppended is an abstract of the cost of this v la, made up for the most part a l from the accounts of the tradesmen ; the prticu ars, however; to which the word sa r i y is preﬁxed have not been prese ved w th exactness, but it is believed that u the sums set down for them approximate very nearly to the tr th .

CO ST O F BUILDING .

Mason andB o in n ron eams rick w rk , cludi g I B , Car ente and o ne o in in as s and az n p r J i r w rk , clud g Gl Gl i g, ate o Sl r w rk , me o Plu b r w rk , as te o Pl r w rk , a nt n and a e an n P i i g P p rh gi g,

Ma e C mne - e es rbl hi y pi c , e ls and e l an n B l B l h gi g,

ta - ra in andot e O namenta on o S ir il g h r r l Ir w rk ,

This house is illustrated by plans Of- both ﬂoors and elevations of three of its sides, and by a perspective view, in which the side not given in elevation is w well sho n ; also by two sheets of details, by means of which the ornamental portions and peculiarities of construction may be fully understood . D O U B L E

A T D E R B Y .

H N E A N D E V A N S A R C H T E C T S N O T T N G H A I , I , I M .

P L A T E S X X I I . X X I I I .

NLY Of i one th s pair of houses has been as yet erected, namely the f in XX . one shown Plate I I I The two plates, together, su ﬁciently

ll l . serve to i ustrate either Vil a, as well as the complete design

r Of The site for this double villa is at the outski ts Derby, and on the

R 1 64. Osmaston oad . The house erected was built in 8 The front that is called south has a south - west aspect; and it looks to the handsome church recently built by the General Baptists ; from which it is di vided by a road leading ’ i to the minister s residence . The aspect, being that of driv ng rains, would not in m be selected a case untram elled by particular conditions, such as the tempt

l . ing opportunity of a prospect . The soi is gravelly

The general decorative character of the building is Gothic; though the outline is not dissimilar from that Of the English country - house Of the early par t

Of In the seventeenth century . the windows, however, the area of opening is not

- reduced by mullions ; and there are sliding sashes, with plate glass . The heads

O i ri of all the pen ngs, excepting those of the p ncipal windows, are semicircular or segmental .

Th e arrangements of plan in the erected building, and in the house that is

ri only designed, are identical, or are merely reversed ; and the desc ption of one

ﬁi . w su ce house ill The rooms are arranged in two stories, as regards the front or tio of the p n building, and in three as regards the rear; a portion of the upper

i . story in the latter case be ng in the roof The main entrance is in the side front .

— R O N LOO R An — Of ﬁr e G U D F entrance hall ample dimensions, and having a

E 24 VI LLA AND COTTAGE ARCHITECTU R .

subservient to ventilation in these houses, the architects have induced the

O f ﬂues - i adoption, in houses in the same neighbourhood , from the gas l ghts, for the escape of the noxious products of combustion ; together with ﬁnes for

air the admission of fresh , which is warmed in winter, in a chamber behind — ﬁr - e place, before entering the room the combined arrangement being indeed

s nl al i perfectly well under tood, albeit it is adopted o y exception ly, nstead of

l . general y, as it ought to be

r t A fai statement of the cos of the one house or the two houses, can scarcely

’

. 186 3 be given The accepted tender in , for the pair of houses, (with architect s

- £1 80 commission added, but excluding boundary walls , ) was 7 ; but the actual cost

O f s the house erected was more than the half of that sum, by reason of alteration from the work as designed ; which were required by the owner ; but which may not have been improvements .

- .I BdT 9 81 9 1 30 {Burg uSn o mn o nc e s

sl a o g j Surp nqiﬁnotn uonoe r p g GATE S A N D GAR D E N WALL ,

A T C O E L O C H LO N G. V ,

M S O N A R C H T E C T S G L A S G O W A . 6 5 G . T H O , I ,

P L A T E X X I V.

HE gates and wall selected for this illustration in ‘close the grounds of

F er ndean l C 1863. T e Vi la, at ove, and were erected in the year h n decorative treatment is a free renderi g of the Gothic style, but is

more rustic than the character of the villa itself. The gates are

i . made of red pine timber, w th ornamental studs and spikes of iron The principal gate is 12 feet wide ; the wicket or part used by pedestrians being 4 feet, and consequently more light and handy than had the gate been divided I into two equal parts . t is a common defect of gates divided in an unequal

r manner, that the weight of the larger leaf causes it to d oop at its outer i extremity . To obv ate this, here, the piers have been proportioned in size to the w weight which each has to carry . The pier to which the ider leaf of the gate is hung being much larger than its companion , its additional height permits

- l t in of the back sti e being increased in leng h proportion to the width of the leaf, — and of the introduction of a diagonal stay from top Of the back stile to the

- In bottom of the fore stile . this manner the hinges are relieved of undue

ri f ction, and the leaves come together with such precision that the latch and other fastenings are not liable to be displaced . Besides the apparent

ﬁtness of this plan , the line formed by the diagonal stay serves an important

r in purpose in point of design, and has ve y much the effect of combin g the gate and its piers into one ﬁrmly united group , thereby gaining dignity and force of expression . The smaller gate at the other extremity of the wall is simply the wicket of the larger one repeated .

The hinge on which the upper part of the wider leaf of the principal gate G 26 VILLA AN D COTTA GE ARC HITECTU RE

h A is hung passes nearly through t e larger pier . foot within the masonry it

the divides into two extended arms, having eyes formed on them at point at i A n which they dverge, and also on their extremities . iron rod two feet long passes vertically through each of these eyes, and the whole is securely built into

. the pier The other hinges are ﬁxed in a similar manner, but as they are

l to less subject strain the vertical iron rods are dispensed with .

ﬁnial The piers are built of whinstone rubble with mouldings and s of free — stone . The sweep of the wing walls starting from the circle of the piers without w — any line of demarcation, together ith the outline of the wall coping continued u ff ro nd them, gives a pleasing e ect of breadth and solidity . The wall is built in

ri r Of h a clean and careful manner, the mate al being selected ubble sc istose rock

i ar r owlets found in the immediate neighbourhood, with coping of wh nstone and of freestone .

The ground falls away from the larger gate towards the smaller one to a w l greater extent than is sho n in the drawings, and the wa l is so treated as to

present the appearance of a level line, while in reality it is not so . The descent from the higher to the lower ground is managed by a series of long steps having

r their upper su faces slightly inclined in the direction of the descent, and the coping is broken upwards at intervals with ar r owlets introduced under the

Of raised parts, thus repeating in minor groups the general character the stepped B portion along the whole wall . y these means, as well as by its moderate l height, the wall, whi e gaining in picturesque character, and having its con tinuit y well preserved, gives an impression of greater extent and solidity than it would have had if its outline had been entirely plain .

- ri The cost did not much exceed that of an ordinary rubble wall, the p ce

d. 49. 6d. 6 being per square yard, with the addition of per lineal foot for coping,

3s . 6 d. ar r owlets. and for each of the The cost of the gates was,

oo - o of bot ates n n a ntng and a n s n W d w rk h G , i cludi g P i i V r i hi g,

on- o for bot ates n in tt n s in e s Ir w rk h G , i clud g Fi i g Pi r ,

ers and n a s for bot ates Pi Wi g w ll h G ,

£56 19 ll

CO T TA E AT L N N L N K G U DI I S .

F I F E S H I R E .

J C W A L K E R R I . . . A C H T E C T .

E D I N B U R G H

F R O N T E L E V A T I O N .

PLA N O F GR O UN D F L O O R PLA N o r BED R O OM F L O O R .

00 50Fiat.

Sc ale for Plans

F L A N K E L V E A TI O N .

S ale for Ele van on s c .

J 0Walk e Ar hi e R Dw e on En a e . r. c t ct . gr v r

BLACKIE 6: 8 01 0LA 8 00 ED N INBURDB 3: LONDON .

28 VI LLA AND COTTAGE A RC HITECTURE

th obtained by breaking up e boulders strewn along the shore of the ﬁrth . The

- i m - 6 n 7 front wall is faced w th ham er dressed stretchers, each i ches to inches

u w . in depth, the joints of which are caref lly pointed and dra n The end

a - all g bles are faced with snecked rubble . The base course, sills and lintels,

rs w all corne of walls, and jambs of doors and windows, ith corbel and moulded — work at sides and over entrance door, are of freestone from Grange Quarry at

l . Burntisland, some eighteen mi es distant along the coast The corners and l “ ” ” jambs are bui t inband and upstart, or as long and short work, the inband 16 8 stones being inches square by one course in height, and the others inches

square by three courses in the height ; these and all other freestone dressings

- have a one inch tooled margin all round their exposed faces, the remainder of 1 surface being left rough and projecting inch . By consulting the details of in r X . the Villa at T ity (Plate VI I ) by the same architect, the treatment of the projecting gables and of the masonry will be exactly seen .

’ - The timber in the carpenters work, as joists, partitions, door frames, roof — &c. d timbers , , and including the barge boarding, cantilevers and ressed scantlings

l o w of projecting roofs and gables, as wel as utside doors and indows, is of the

ﬁni hin s best Memel red pine . The whole internal wood s g are of the best A All merican yellow pine . the exposed timbers of projecting roofs are painted ni and var shed .

s e w The roof are cov red ith the best Westmoreland slates, each course

2— ri — — i having 5 inches of lap . The dge covering and eaves gutters are of z nc, the — cresting being of cast - iron ; of which latter material are the rain water down

- i O f . pipes . The ch mney shafts are terra cotta The cost of this cottage was as follows

’ ’ Mason s and a e s o Brickl y r w rk , ’ ’ ’ Ca en e s andJoiner s o n n onmon er a so azie s o rp t r w rk, i cludi g Ir g y ; l Gl r w rk , ’ a e s o Sl t r w rk , ’ me s o Plu b r w rk , ’ as e e s o Pl t r r w rk , ’ a nte s o P i r w rk, ’ Bel lran er s o g w rk ,

Enamel e ate C imne - eces for two Rooms l d Sl h y pi ,

Tota Cost l ,

‘ ‘ l ll . L A M B , M b n l l L U l , L U l U U

F R O N T E L E V A T I O N

Chimn ey.

E ev : 8c an of Win d o s l Pl w .

S I D E E L E V A T I O N

Bur mce Entr an c e

PLAN O F GR O UN D FLO O R . PLAN O F CHAMBER FLO O R

Sc al e fo r El ev ation s .

s i 2“ P1W En ave . J Bar tholomew. gr r

E 3011 GLAS I W ED NBUR H 8: D BIACKI 8: . GO . G LON ON. C O T T A G E S A T T H I R S K,

O R K Y S H I R E.

E . B . L A M B , A R C H I T E C T , L O N D O N .

P L A T E X X V I.

BR EE C ottages are represented in this Plate . They were designed

r ou ff 1857 to form one g p in general e ect, and were erected in , the site being in a wide street near the outside of the town of

- i Thir sk . The end cottages are precisely s milar to one another in the internal arrangements and decorative features— the plans merely being

n - accommo reversed ; whilst as regards the ce tre cottage , there is somewhat more

i f n - dation, w th a di ferent dispositio of the rooms, and extra height . The decora tive character resembles that of the late Tudor style ; but the effect is produced

n ri n as much by the recesses and projectio s, on the ground , in the p ncipal fro t,

and - and and by the gables, as by the mullions, chamfered jambs window heads,

i - n other features of deta l that may be more especially Tudor Gothic . The mai

f — the n diference between one of the end cottages and cottage of the ce tre, arises

- from the latter having four bed rooms, instead of three as in the other case, and

n n — havi g the ceili gs of those rooms horizontal throughout, thus there is the v — acuity in the roof, rendering the bed rooms more healthful and comfortable and , which is capable of being utilized for storage ; whilst the endcottages have a

of — considerable portion of the height their bed rooms within the roof, so that the

ff n - slope cuts o a portion of the space . The principal fro t of the centre cottage is n i recessed , so as to allow of a ﬂagged space betwee the w ngs formed by the ends

. r f of the other cottages This a rangement is greatly conducive to e fect, and is somewhat favourable to pr ivacy; but it diminishes outlook : thus it might inter

n - — fere with the value of a house for letti g, as in sea side watering places or , n m wherever a wide ra ge of prospect ight be an important consideration . H LLA AND C TT E 30 VI O AG ARCH ITECTURE.

— R O N LO OR E sittin ~ r oom n G U D F ach house has a g , a kitche , a scullery with

- and n n back door leading out of it, a pantry . The pri cipal entra ce to each of the

- n in end cottages is at the side or e d of the block of building . The stairs are — front of the entrance, and the sitting room and kitchen doors on opposite sides of the lobby. The kitchen in the centre - house is less exposed to View ; and the sitting - room is larger : the scullery is seen ; but the whole space appropriated to

off in — a ofﬁces might be shut , if desired , by a door. The w dows of the end cott ges project from the face of the wall externally : this arrangement allows of the

n x insertio of shutters, in their bo ings, in the recess which is formed internally

and n (in place of the projection into the room), also allows of the productio of

f n - good features of ef ect. In the ce tre cottage the recess is deeper than in the other cas es ; but externally the breadth corresponds with the substr ucture of the — — gable wall itself. The height of the ground ﬂoor rooms is 9 feet .

— — E R L - ﬁr UPP F OO R In the endcottages there are two bed rooms with e

and one in - places, room without ; and the centre cottage there are three rooms

ﬁr — n — e a d e 9 with places, one room without. The h ight of the rooms is feet that

end- is to say, only in the highest part for the cottages, whilst throughout in the other case .

The external walls are of brick ; and the same material is used for the — r n u - st i g co rses and edges of gables, where the bricks are set angle wise, and for

to and — and d corbels the gables chimney shafts, other decorative etails ; some of — n in w . which are show an enlarged drawing, ith one of the chimney stacks

A n n n rches are turned over all openi gs , e tirely through the thick ess of the wall ;

and l m . , as wel as the jambs , they are cha fered, as before mentioned The

n The windows have wooden mullions and transoms ; and the glazing is i lead .

- tops of the window projections are covered with stone . The roof is covered with

“ n- plai tiles . The usual provisions to prevent rise of damp in the walls, as by

e . n a course of slate, wer made The buildi g was in part constructed of old

ri : an mate als a precise statement of the cost, useful for y future case, cannot

the c l therefore be here given . Perhaps, in locality, su h a bui ding as this group

new in 1857 e of cottages, with materials, might have cost, the year , som amount

n n betwee £700 a d £800.

BA C K E L E VA I I V I N T O N . S D E E LE A T O .

T B h m En e . h e c . . a , a ﬁa c i o o ew T me v G . , Ar t t rt l gr r

BLACKIE SON GLAS GOW EDINBUR GH é LONDON . . .

2 3 VI LLA AN D COTTAGE ARCH ITECT URE.

ﬁ - . Tr ue tt i l C n Mr , the arch tect of the Vil a are o, has been a not unimportant worker. The character of the architecture of the class referred to may be said

the r v to be a compromise between previously and yet i al manners, known by

- - a d . the names of two old styles, the Tudor Gothic n the Italian The high pitched roof and the gable of the former are used in preference to the low — pitched roof and the pediment ; but lead lights in stone mullions are resigned

- in i m w - i n in favour of plate glass open ngs of a ple idth for out look, mull ons bei g

i i ~ either d spensed w th or formed of wood . More or less erroneous use of pre cedent on the one hand, and more or less disadvantageous seeking for novelty on the other, may be observed in architecture of this class ; forms that are n uncouth, as some of those of pointed arches to doorway and wi dow heads , are used because they are Gothic ; but the style claims the notice that we

l din i will give to it here, as we l because the buil g that we llustrate be the better n a u derstood, as bec use the reader may be interested in being reminded of the — relation which an example has to the architecture of its day relation that is not always so easily as in this case to be perceived .

' l - C 1 6 Vil a areno was erected in the year 8 5. Whatever the peculiarities of

n ff i and n detail, the design has co siderable e ect from group ng; to this the arra ge

l n i i two e : one ment of the roofs contributes . The bui di g is div ded nto mass s of these, the principal block, has two stories in height above ground, besides

and r os ect~tur r et m rooms in the roof, has grouped with it a p p , partly of ti ber

c n - a a — constru tio , over porch which has a high pyramid l roof capping ; whilst the

stories . ex ce tin accessory block is of two ( p g as to the staircase, which is three),

a r in f. small portion of the upper sto y of the two this case, also being in the roo The arrangement of the rooﬁng will be understood by a comparison of the view “ P n S . T he (Plate XXVII ) with the plans (Plate XXVIII .) la of econd Floor n off ecessarily shows the apex of one of the three spans of rooﬁng cut , where

i ri c the top of the sta rcase is . The cu ously shaped white spa es represent

- - the valley gutter between the roof slopes . There is a considerable descent in the ground from front to back of the house ; and the rearward portion of the h l and ouse is cel ared , for storage of coals, wood, beer, wine, and for the principal larder. There is no external doorway, be it observed, to the basement . Per w ‘ sonal views of the o ner who intends to be occupant of a house, as to what are

u . requirements, must g ide an architect in many particulars

R O N LO O R — in G U D F The principal entrance to the house is the main front , V I L L A

H O L L O W A Y .

F R O N T E L E V A T I O N.

at E lev atio n Scal e {

B E M E P L AN or AS NT.

PL AN o r FI R S T F LO O R PL GR OUND LOOR AN or F .

Scde fnr ﬂuu

Tmeﬁn ch i c e . Ar t t

I ON W EDINBURGH 8" LOND ON BLACK E .Sr. S GLASGO , ,

LLA AND TTA E A R H E RE 34 VI CO G C IT CTU .

- — The chief use, irrespective of the window sills which latter details we might have named as amongst those wherein Gothic precedent has been' i i — — adv sedly dev ated from , is for the copings to the corbie steps, and for the — the . hip knobs of gables The arches to door and window heads are of red brick ,

“ the outer r ing of headers (or bricks showing their ends) being in all the cases

- n n n w whole bricks . The dark to ed ba ds also are of red brick, co trasting ith

i n — ri the buff colour of the ma n portions of the fro ts . The roof cove ng is of

for A ll a ri . l slate, with the s me mate al the ridges and hips the val eys, gutters, ﬂ n 2 n — — . The and ashi gs are laid with 1 oz . zi c lantern stage and roof framing to

S i - - s the turret are of timber. lid ng sashes, or double hung, with plate gla s, are used generally for the windows ; but in the principal rooms there is a peculiar formation of the upper part of the window for ventilation : for explanation of

i ~ this the plates must sufﬁce . In the draw ng room, however, there is a French

n and casement, or glazed door, where required, for one ope ing ; the window at

- - the side is similarly provided . The ornamental rain water pipes and eaves gutters

- are all of iron . These, with other ornamental iron work shown in the drawings,

- i . A were designed by the architect, as well as the marble ch mney pieces lso

n ’ specially designed were the details of joi er s work , as doors, architraves, and skirtings ; in some of which good effect is produced by simple means .

sum r was £1850 The original contract, which was in one , for the structu e, ; o ’ ’ and a er han er s but including the bath , the painter s p p g work, and the bells — e - - not (together with a stabl for two horses, a chaise house, and garden walls

w £2306 113. 11d. sho n), the total cost has been exactly , This is exclusive of

’ gardener s work .

V LL A A T GR A N G E I ,

E D I N ' B U R G H .

PATERS ON BQ SHIEL S L . AR CHITE T S. E D INBUR GH.

F R O N T E L E V A T I O N 10 sc reen

O UN D P L A N C HA M B E R PL AN .

Pil ar andBe amo f Po ch l r . En a e d g g Pillar at Gor n e r P o r ch in Pe rspe ctiv e

171th “

c al e fo l r D e ai s ' S t Pa e s on 8c Sluells Artiutg cts t r .

R Dawerm.

A VI LLA AND COTT GE ARC HITECTURE.

— n of Baltic red deal, havi g moulded capitals and bases of the same material ; n the whole arrangeme t, with the decorative character of the roof, being well n show separately in a perspective view . The plate also shows some other por n tions of the front, e larged .

R O N LO O R — —n n i G U D F The front e tra ce g ves access to a small vestibule , an nn 5 w whence i er door leads to a lobby, feet in idth, on the opposite sides of — E which are the dining room and parlour . ach of these rooms has its windows

ﬁr — in n e e d a l to the front, and has the place the or extern l wall, with a shal ow

A t th e closet on one side . the end of lobby is the staircase ; which is well lighted

- w — from the two light window which is sho n in the chamber plan . Beyond the

’ dining - room and parlour are the se r vants bed - room and the kitchen ; which latter are connected by a lobby under the stairs . The way into the kitchen — " from the main lobby and staircase hall is through this lobby of service so , that the portion of the house containing the ofﬁces is shut off from the living

n . A rooms, whilst conveniently ear them ttached to the kitchen are a scullery, un — a pantry, and a place for coals ; and der the stairs is a store room, or place

- c ser vice . con suitable for a ask of beer, entered from the lobby The scullery

n nd — n a a d . tai s, besides a sink, a copper, ﬁxed washing tubs, with hot cold water

on 12 in The rooms this ﬂoor are feet the clear height . The principal rooms

- ff r and have well relieved, e ective, co nices . The ﬂoors of the porch , vestibule,

’ r n principal lobby are laid with Maw s encaustic tiles, and the porch has a ski ti g of the same material . The kitchen is paved with A rbroath stone . The stairs

n — are of stone, with iron balusters ornamentally treated , and ha d rail of polished oak .

— C A ER LOOR H — - H MB F ere, besides three bed rooms, there are a bath room, a

— - napery, or store for towelling attached to the bath room ; a closet for clothes,

' ' iﬁr n n n - n a d e e t a d W .C. a d or for stores of ki d ; a The bath room and closets, the

- n t second bed room, are e tered through a lobby ; so that his part of the house may - — be shut off from the staircase and other rooms an arrangement that is ver y — n - ﬁr e co ducive to convenience . The bath room has a place, and a ﬁxed basin stand, with a supply of hot and cold water,besides the bath . The height of these — second story rooms is 10 feet in the clear . What is taken out of the roof

n 14 in appears as a cove to the ceili g, of about inches height . The lights of — — - n the staircase window semicircular headed are ﬁlled with stai ed glass .

r n n The mason y of the exter al walls, already referred to, is co structed of a RANGE E N R LLA AT G . VI , DI BU GH 37

- close grained stone from the Binny Quarry,about seven miles distant . It was thought that this stone would be more economical for: use, in the case of a small

n building, tha stone quarried from the site itself ; although for some of the

on had advan larger villas the Grange estate, the latter material been used — ta eousl . n g y The general roof covering is of slates , some of these slates bei g cut ,

nd ﬂashin a r . s disposed in cou ses, as shown The ornamental g to the dormers

- ﬁnials n and are of lead ; and the eaves guttering brackets, and the and cresti g

n - A are of iro . In the interior of the building all the wood work is of merican

l — n i . yel ow pi e, stained and varn shed The work has been well executed , and

’ fortunately so ; for on the material and execution of joiner s work that is not n pai ted , everything depends .

l n l r Though of smal size, and ge erally square on plan, this vi la is ce tainly i — effective ; wh lst, it is stated , the cost has not exceeded that of common place

in — - i . E and structures the vicin ty xclusive of boundary walls, laying out grounds ,

n i : and of some decorative ﬁttings of the i terior, the cost was as here g ven

' ason s w o £350 0 0 M rk , ’ ' ’ Ca ente s Jciner s andG a ie s wo 271 8 3 rp r , , l z r rk , ' m a ﬁ’ e s ndGas tte r s wo 66 0 0 Plu b r rk , ' S ate s w o 39 2 5 l r rk , ' aste e s wo 50 0 0 Pl r r rk , ' Be llhanger s work 11 0 0

ie - a ements 15 O 0 T l P v , Chimne —ieces 24 0 0 y p ,

£826 10 8 T T A - E C O G E O R N ,

AT M LL GREEN ESSEX I , ;

H W I T A N A L T E R N A T I V E D E S I G N .

H . E . K E N D A L L . J U N AR C H I T E C T , L O N D O N .

— P L A T ES XXX XX X V.

“ EVER A L - houses of decorative half timbered construction, somewhat similar in character to those erected from the ﬁfteenth century to

the commencement of the seventeenth , were built subsequently to the 1845 n L year , in the suburbs or eighbourhood of ondon , from the

in f n o . designs of one architect, whose ame appears the heading this page The l E ﬁrst of the bui dings, at Mill Green, ssex, dating in the year mentioned , and

. C al . designed for Mr harles Grant, forms the princip subject of Plates XXX

XXXV . The plates also show an alternative design , ﬁtted to the same general n — e i arrangeme t of plan, brick and stone b ing substituted for t mber and plaster l work in the upper story ; and , further, where detai s are represented in the

l - ff detai plates di erently from corresponding parts in the elevations, they serve l to indicate s ight variations that were made in the houses erected . These

’ K l e n H C l houses from Mr . endal s designs, besid s the Mill Gree ouse, are at hi der

c E C u and R Ken dit h, ssex ; and lapham Park ; T rnham Green ; Victoria oad,

~ — r L . sington, all the th ee last in the ondon suburbs They include a house, on l ’ l a arger scale, on the site of Pope s Vil a at Twickenham, and one at Farn

H l Al : is . borough i l, near dershot the latter, however, recent The alternative design is a version of that modern character of Gothic which has been called

eclecti . c The plans are the same, excepting that the overhanging of the upper

l ' story at one part of the erected bui ding, shown by the section in Plate XXXIV .,

i of together with the sim lar arrangement for the gables, is omitted, that some

in on . the windows are changed positi , and that the tower does not project so far k ff H l R C The alternative design is li ely to be carried into e ect in i ls oad, ambridge,

V ( C uttu r O m" ill mm astic Gi o ~ r uni an) n . a l 6 El . l

r ‘ ‘ - Hilr matih e I) r g iml I r uut lflr hulimr.

50PM

hm: ﬁl irllil rrt

BLA KI Sc S GI GO W I C E ON, A S . ED NBUR GH (Q LONDON.

LLA AN D TT A 40 VI CO AGE RCHITECTURE.

nn separate from one another, but co ected by a passage ; out of which there is

n and a door i to the house, besides the way down to the basement, that to the

- - f back entrance . The principal rooms o this story are 12 feet 6 inches in the clear height .

— ‘ C A E R F LOO R s. one in tovver H MB Including small room the , there are five — in - n bed rooms the first floor, and a dressing room (as show in our plate). In the attic - story there are four bed - rooms : two of these measure 25 feet by 11feet each ; one as 20 11 n a d 12 11 . The n me ures feet by feet, one is feet by feet dimi ished n w breadths of these rooms in the roof, as co trasted ith the rooms below, it need

off n not be explained to the professional reader, result from the cutting portio s

- - e r - in next the ﬂoor, by lathed and plast red pa tition work, order to get more convenient ceilings . In the alternative design the tower does not project so far

l C in one as in the Mi l Green ottage, the upper portion of it ; so that there is

- — . W . u a . bed room less There is no C . p st irs The rooms on the ﬁrst ﬂoor are

9 feet 9 inches in height ; and the attic - rooms are 8 feet 9 inches in the highest part .

TH E A E ENT - B S M contains the wine beer and coal cellarage, a larder, a milk

- room, and a stoke and furnace room for heating the conservatory.

The walls in the lower story of the house at Mill Green are constructed of

— - and n brick work , with Bath stone heads sills to the wi dows, and a moulded

~ - ri e n . n st ng cours , and a base mould, also in sto e The faci g is of red bricks , pointed with black mortar . The windows have frames with ﬁr moulded half

' n n the wei hts n mullio s, backed by deal casi g for g , the lights bei g ﬁtted with — n . rin ordi ary sliding sashes The p cipal chamber story, as to the walling, is con structed par tly of b rick - work and partly of the timber and plaster work before

9— ri n and an m referred to . There is a inch b ck backi g, ornamental timber fra ing in n - and n fro t, securely ﬁxed to the brick work , its members morticed and teno ed

6 and2 n together. The timbers generally are inches on the face, Ai ches in thick f “ ” ness . The edges at the back are cham ered off, so as to provide key to hold

- . the plaster, which is laid on the brick work The square spaces between the

n w l G H n wi do s of the two ﬂoors, in the Mil reen ouse, are ﬁlled in with casti gs

n n n 1 n i and i M , edi a ceme t, inch in thickness and or amented in fanc ful varied

’ n l n ff patter s . These spaces may be ﬁ led with Mi ton s encaustic tiles, of di erent

- 2 c in i colours . The verge boards of the gables are of ﬁr, ; in hes th ckness, moulded

n n i — r and and perforated , and have pe da ts and term nals the latter of w ought

AGE- RNE COTT O . 41

— — all . cast iron, and the patterns differing from one another In advance of the upper windows are large moulded beams and b rackets; whilst the attic - joisting projects so as to assist in getting the overhanging. The roofs are covered with

l . . plain ti es, with a serrated or engrailed ridge The chimneys are of brick The

ri ri s capping of the tower, the cove ng of the dges of the dormer , the different hips,

— ﬁashin i i s and the ﬂat over the bay w ndow, the lin ngs of the gutters, and the g ,

are . . of lead, 7 lbs to the foot superﬁcial The porch is constructed in ﬁr, on a

mn . ri nd brick base ; a has the fra i g of the roof exposed internally In the cove ng,

n . orname tal tiles are used, alternating with courses of the plain tiles The arcading of the sides of the porch is ﬁlled in with ornamental iron - work (Plate

A ll - n XXXIV . ) the external wood work is pai ted, grained as old oak , and var — w n . nished . The parapet to the projecting indow of the dini g room is of stone

r . The conse vatory is constructed of ﬁr, on a brick foundation

In n n the alternative design , the ge eral faci g, or throughout the height, would

‘ — f l in be of the best malm bricks, bu f or light ye low colour ; whilst the decoration ,

- exclusive of the stone work, would be of bricks of deep red colour, with inter

- rin ri mixture of Suffolk white bricks . The roof cove g is shown va ed with courses of ornamental tiles ; whilst the verge - boards are plainer than in the executed design .

All n r All he the exter al walls are battened inte nally . t ﬂoors are boarded of

1 - ri — 5 inch yellow deal, excepting the ﬂoor of the basement, which is b ck paved,

s and — and excepting the ﬂoor of the conservatory, the porch, the entrance and l ’ n n l : staircase hal s, which are paved with Minton s or amental e caustic ti es The

hi - d an . c mney pieces generally are of Bath stone, were designed for their situations

The staircase is constructed of ﬁr, with an ornamental balustrade, partly in

’

- w . n rought iron work The joi ers work, specially designed, included that of the

- ri . ri inte or doors (Plate XXXV ) The windows have boxing shutters . The p n

ci al e r . p rooms have moulded skirtings , and enriched plast r co nices

H L n In the house at Farnborough ill, erected for Mr. Thomas ongma , of the

— n n l - well k ow publishing ﬁrm, the ha f mullions of the windows are of teak . They

i al - l are framed w th a head, h f transom, and sil , all of the same material . The

r m - sill forms part of the exte nal fra ing of the walls, to which the jamb mullion

Th - is tongued . e sliding sashes are as usual ; and the deal cased frame in which

x own b - . h they are ﬁ ed has a sill of its , set upon the other The ottom rail of t e

- - - top sash, and the top rail of the bottom sash , at the meeting, are concealed E 42 VILLA A ND COTTAGE ARCHITECTUR .

n l f- s i exter a ly by the hal tran om, and internally by a facing in deal , wh ch is l w elaborately mou ded, to prevent what would other ise be the appearance of f i heaviness . This description may su ﬁce to expla n what is one mode lately adopted with the ‘ obj ect of reconciling the external effect of windows of the mediaeval character with the modern English arrangement of sashes .

l l C We shou d mention that in the Mil Green ottage, the water from the roofs

- - in nn is conducted from eaves gutters , by external down pipes, the usual ma er,

- n— though the arrangement is not clearly shown in our plates . To the rai water

pipes in the more recent house, there are heads of highly ornamental character, the usual small overﬂow - shoots from the heads hav ing somewhat similar forms to those of the stone gargoyles in old buildings .

C 1845 The Mill Green ottage was built, in as we have said, under a contract,

n £1400 n . the amou t being , excludi g the tower and the conservatory The tower 1 0 2 T £ 8 £ 50. a cost , and the conservatory hus the tot l cost, at the prices of the

£1830. r n n rin ri time, would be The alte ative design, co side g the se in materials

i a and labour, w ll probably now cost an equ l sum .

s e The drawing for these plat s, and for the plate which follows, were reduced

n H L . K for the e graver by Mr . . W . onsdale, a pupil of Mr endall .

E N T R A N C E G A T E s

P L A T E X X X V I .

H IS plate shows the gates which are attached to the house described — above, and illustrated in Plates XXX . XXXV ., as well as the entrance that would be suited to grounds of the house of the

K . all n . alternative design, the designs bei g by Mr endall The materials and construction will be sufﬁciently unders tood from the plate itself, or after perusal of the description belonging to the other plates .

R H E E VI LLA AND COTTAGE A C IT CTUR .

l n The external wal s are of freestone from Musselburgh Quarry, dista t by

- road about twenty one miles . Where they are two storeys high they are

2 1 9 . f feet thick, and where only one storey foot inches The walling is chie ly

- of rubble, squared at joints, and hammer dressed on beds and faces, with quoins — — t . and of ooled ashlar The projection in front gable, about over bay window, and

di - i . also of the ning room window, is of tooled ashlar, w th rubbed reveals The

- Th piers at verandah and the . chimney stacks are likewise of tooled ashlar. e

b A n . principal stairs are of rub ed rbroath stone, the steps havi g moulded edges

- ﬁi es A . The ﬂoors of kitchen o c are laid with tooled rbroath pavement The roofs

w - Al are covered ith gray slates from Glen mond, Perthshire, disposed in orna

s and mental bands . The gutter , including those of eaves, the valleys, chimney — - ﬁin ih . w ash s 6 . g , are of lead The ridges are covered ith terra cotta ridge tiles

- w R . and cresting, bedded in and pointed ith oman cement The chimney shafts

- are terra cotta .

— — - m i The rooﬁng, wall plates, joists, sleepers, bond ti bers, wall battening, l ntels, i w — and beams, also the w ndo s and other external wood work , are of best Memel

ﬁnish timber . The ﬂooring is of Baltic white wood . The other internal wood — d i - ings are of A merican yellow pine . The raw ng room and dining room have

n - moulded skirti gs, framed and moulded shutters, window backs, jambs; and

- - ﬁi . so tes , and double fascia door and window architraves The bed room

and b ackﬂa s e windows have framed and moulded shutters p , and mould d door i and window architraves . The w ndows of principal rooms are glazed with

- - i 2 1 oz . . plate glass, the others w th sheet glass The three sitting rooms have

- marble chimney pieces .

The cost was considerably increased by the extent of land - carriage of

’ tr adesmen s materials . The particulars here given are from the accounts

on and ic a in Mas ry Br kl y g, Ca ent oine G a in and onmon e rp ry, J ry, l z g, Ir g ry, min Plu b g , S atin l g,

aste in Pl r g, ﬁtin and e l an in Gas t h g B l g g,

Enca stic il es and a e Chimne - ieces u T M rbl y p ,

D O U B L E V I L L A ,

A T LA S E EA R LA S O . NG ID , N G G W

T H M S O N A R C H T E C T S G L A S G O W A . G . O , I ,

— P L A T E S X X X I X . X L I .

A NGSIDE 1856—57 v , where , in , this double illa was erected , is i about two miles south of Glasgow, and adjoin ng what is now the

’ n Queen s Park . With other la ds adjacent to the Park the locality

n ff . is becoming an importa t o shoot, or suburb, of Glasgow The

Langside lands consist chieﬂy of the pleasure - grounds surrounding the old

no w mansion of that name, which are laid out for building purposes, with drives

ri formed through the woods and shrubbe es . The views obtained from the more elevated portions of Langside are extensive and ﬁne .

This building has a peculiarity of plan . While the two houses are exact

n an duplicates of one another, their fronts are turned in opposite directio s,

arrangement suggested by the site , which is one between two parallel roads , ff n that provide approaches to each of the fronts . The e ect of each of the fro ts a is that of a villa of good size, inste d of presenting, according to the usual mode i i n . of arrangement , two small v llas combi ed In th s way each house looks much

r and larger than it really is , greater variety is impa ted to the design , greater

n d s O privacy is gai ed for the occupiers of the houses, the front oor being on ppo

Th e n site sides, and the back doors at opposite ends , of the block . fro t of the one and and h house faces the east, the other the west , the views from t em

Th e n and are equally good in both directions . ge eral character detail of the

n desig is an adaptation of the Greek .

O n of w a limited piece suburban land , too narro for four rows of good houses, and too wide for two rows, such a plan as this may be found eligible . Were

n the land i tersected lengthwise by two parallel roads, the outer sides of these M 46 VI LLA AND CO TTAGE ARCHITECTURE

roads occupied by houses fronting inwards, and the space between the roads

- n L n by a series of semi detached houses, arra ged like this example at a gside ; ff the centre row facing as it would do both ways, would thus a ord the means

i a of placing three rows of houses on the ground, w thout having the b ck of an y one of them turned to the frontof the other.

E - - ach house contains a dining room, a drawing room , a kitchen, three bed ’ — - n rooms, a servants sleeping closet , a bath room, and closets, in two ﬂoors, withi

n the main portion of the area of the pla , or within a space which may be

33 31 - n roughly stated as about feet by feet ; and has, as a one story additio , — the ordinary domestic ofﬁces, and an inclosed court yard .

— R O UN S O R . ri G D T Y The entrance, which is at the top of a se es of steps,

the has double doors, the inner door glazed , and outer doors hung folding so i i as to be allowed to rema n open by day . The inner door leads nto a vestibule,

- 7 . 6 . i ﬁr e ft in square, but hav ng a large recess on one side, as well as a place on

n the side opposite . There is still an i ner door separating this space from the — lobby and staircase . From this lobby there opens the door of the dining room ,

- - ﬂoor - n and of a bed room that is on the ground , as well as a sub lobby leadi g

- to the kitchen . In this sub lobby is the door of a china closet . The dining

16 . n room would measure 19 ft. by ft but formi g an addition to its space

11 . w 5 . 9 . is a projecting window, measuring ft in idth , by ft in for the clear — - O n - projection or inside depth . pening from the di ing room is a store closet ,

- 6 ft . square . It forms part of the one story addition to the block . The ﬂoor

rt of this closet is divided into nine compa ments, which are made to lift, and — - A afford access to wine bins that are formed in brick work below . ttached m to the kitchen , similarly, is a s all scullery, which has an entrance from the

- Al r s court yard . so attached to the kitchen is a pant y ; and over thi and the

’

— - china closet , reached by steps from the kitchen, is the servants sleeping closet,

- ﬂ r 10 . 6 . 6 . oo ft in by ft The remainder of the ground includes, out of doors ,

n and — — a convenie t well lighted wash house , a small larder, a shed for roots, a

n place for coals, and other conve iences, the whole grouped around the yard — . The or court, through which is the back entrance height of the principal rooms on this ﬂoor is 12 ft . in the clear.

— - H n 1 . 1 A BER LO OR 9 5 ft. CH M F ere are a drawi g room , ft by , abundantly lighted by a group of windows occupying the whole of the front and a portion — - s of the ends ; two bed room , having each a dwarf wardrobe closet attached ; a

DO UBLE VILLA AT LANGSIDE.

- n n n and . C . small napery closet ; and a room co tai i g a bath W , which is lighted

n n th - n andventilated by an ope i g above e wardrobe closets . The ge eral height

n - of these rooms is 10 ft . in the clear ; but the ceiling of the drawi g room is — d 11 . 6 in and carrie up within the roof space, where the height becomes ft ; n gain of effect results . The whole of these arra gements will be clearly under stood from the section (Plate XL .)

R everting to the decorative character of the exterior, it may be observed ,

’ n the houses n that, connected with the reversed arra gement of on the grou d , ff there is this advantage for e ect, that the comparatively plain back of one house

n n ri the and serves to e ha ce the cher front of other, to procure emphasis in one

n part of the compositio . To conduce to this, there are certain variations of detail ; some of which may be clearer in the perspective View than they can be

v n n n - in any ele ation . The colum ar character of the di i g room and drawing room windows is relieved by the plain windows with broad wall spaces of the ff lower story, whilst its e ect is repeated in a subdued manner by the ﬁve lights in a row forming the upper tier of windows . In the design of the porch the nn n aim has been to harmonize and co ect the two modes of treatment, by maki g

n it partake of the rich ess of the one and the simplicity of the other . The one

. story oﬂices at the ends serve to gradate the higher mass to the level which n — is lowest of all, namely that of certain i closure walls and terraces, and to the

n grou d itself.

A s n : n to the constructio the exter al walls, which , for the main portion

2 - of the structure, are feet in thickness, are built of free stone from Giffnock

- L . Quarries, about two miles south of angside The outer facing, generally is ,

n an composed of irregularly coursed rubble, squared on the joi ts , d hammer

. n n dressed on the outer face To mai tain the horizontal character of the desig ,

n n 5 6 . n many of the sto es co sist of ﬂags, to ft in le gth , laid ﬂat, the edges

- . A ll a forming the exposed faces the pilasters, ant e pilasters or square piers ,

— n - n cornices , stone lintels, blocki g courses, copi gs, sills, and reveals or ingoings

n w n n of openings, are ﬁ ished ith tooled work, a ﬁ er margin bei g carried round all the openings on both faces . The por tion of wall over the wide span where — n n r ri - is the projecti g window of the dini g room, is ca ed by a cast iron girder ,

n 12 . 12 in I . n or bressummer, of the sectio , in by , havi g a bottom ﬂange of 1 n 1 A i ch thick, and a web and top ﬂange each of } inch thick . The wood — s a n - u ed for the lintels, wall pl tes, sleepers, and wi dow sashes and cases and , 48 VI LLA AND CO TTAGE A RCHITECTU RE

- ﬂ - n . oor n for the outside doors, is Quebec red pine The boardi g is of white pi e

’ ’ battens ; and all the other material for carpenters work and joiners work is

n — A merica yellow pine . The partition between the large bed room and the bath

- r room , and the partitions of the wardrobe closets, are of timbe , lathed and

- — . A ll 4 plastered the other partitions are of 5 inch brick work . The floor of l w ’ fi the vestibu e is laid ith Minton s encaustic tiles ; the floors of the of ces are of asphalte , and all the other floors are boarded .

i C n - To prevent the ris ng of damp from the soil, aithness pavi g stone is m worked in as a bed in the walling, im ediately below the level of the sleepers of the lower ﬂoor; and to prevent the ingress of moisture through the thickness l l of the wal s, as from rain , the walls externa ly are pointed with hydraulic lime , and the joints painted with white lead ; whilst the great projection of the eaves is designed partly for the same object .

The roofs being of a low pitch , large Welsh slates are used , with extra lap . h The projections of the gables and eaves consist of very large slates; w ich , in the

- case of the gables , are supported on cantilevers, or over sailing timbers ; whilst — the slates at the eaves are carried on ornamental cast iron brackets, secured to

late - a p of timber, which is ﬁxed to the wall plate , and to the ends of the common

A —fillet rafters . slate is laid over the junction of the large slates, above each bracket , and fixed to its flange with small nuts and screws . This arrangement of the eaves is shown in the portion of the elevation which is enlarged in Plate

n i XLI. a d 6 . The ridges are covered , the valleys laid , w th lead of lbs to the — s i . square foot . The downward ﬂow of rain water is thu prov ded for To avoid

n exter al disﬁgurement , the gutters are set in from the eaves, so much as is necessary for their being on a level with the top of the walls and the water — C s . is led into the soil pipes of the W . , and other pipes inside the building

n - w e The di ing room indows have sashes the upper on s ﬁxed, the lower

4 6 in and w 6 in. i hung, and having a travel upwards of ft . , do nwards of , leav ng thereby a space for ventilation between the upper and lower sashes . The sashes

b e are placed behind the cases instead of on each side, and have a clear space t tween them and the stone pilasters . By this mode of arrangement less imber is

V - exposed to iew , and the joints of the wood work are protected from the action

n - easements w of the weather . The drawi g room windows have French , placed ith

- n . See XLI. reference to the sto e work in a similar manner ( the details, Plate )

- n in The windows of the other rooms have sashes double hu g the usual way .

DO UBLE ViLLA AT LANGSIDE. 49

All n - the wi dows have plate glass, the lower parts of the lower range of small

o n and . wind ws bei g obscured , those of the ofﬁces being rough plate

' i a f n ﬁni hin s The section (Plate XL. ) gives some de o the i ternal s g and decorations ; which are made accordant with the external character of the house .

- In i in 2 in. the d n g room small isolated pilasters of wood , square , are placed

n n betwee the wi dow openings , at a sufﬁcient distance from the sashes to allow space for the working of blinds andcurtai ns ; and similar pilasters are repeated

n at the a gles of the room , and on each side of the doors . These pilasters are

a n r surmounted by frieze and cor ice of wood ca ried entirely round the room ,

n which where it crosses the wi dow serves the purpose of a curtain box . Below

n n f on . this frieze the walls are li ed with arrow boards, cham ered their edges

ﬁni hin s n n s l The whole of these i terior g are of carefully selected yel ow pi e, the

n u n is n e richments being frets of mahogany planted po it. The wood var ished ,

n n and n n preservi g its atural colour markings, no stai of any kind bei g used . The object of this mode of treatment is to unite together the several parts of

ff n the room, thereby giving an e ect of increased exte t . The apparent height n m l of ceiling is also enhanced by givi g force to the lower ass of the wal s , and

n - so making them serve as does a foregrou d to a picture . The drawing room is in ff n treated a similar manner, the only di erence bei g that the small frieze and

n n cor ice are carried round the room at the level of the tops of the wi dows , and

an n an r that it appears as architrave to the pri cipal cornice , with inte vening frieze .

The cost of this double villa was as here given

’ ’ ’ E ca ato s asons and ric a e s wo s £946 6 11 x v r , M , B kl y r rk , ' ' Ca ente s and oine s wo inc in O namenta wo to win ows rp r J r rk , lud g r l rk d ,

ﬁnials andea es- ac e ts and onmon e in eneml 679 5 (i , v br k , Ir g ry g , ’ S ate s wo andCh imne - to s 48 10 1 l r rk y p ,

As h a te wo 31 0 " p l rk , H

G ass andG a ie s wo 104: 0 0 l , l z r rk ’ m e s wo 199 1 0 Plu b r rk ,

' aste e s wo 110 0 0 Pl r r rk ,

' ainte s wo e ec te imme iate a te the com etion of the oth e wo s 8 1 8 0 P r rk ( x u d d ly f r pl r rk ),

- - ﬁttin i ai an n . 0 a e Ch imne ieces Gas Sta s e h i &c sa 50 0 M rbl y p , g, r r l , B ll g g, , ( y)

ota for the ai of Ho ses £2 249 11 4 T l p r u , 5

The nature of the site was such as to entail considerable outlay in excava

n in —ﬂoor tio , and the portion of the structure below the ground level ; which

n n — space , excepti g be eath the store closet, is not capable of being appropriated

an n n to y i crease of accommodatio . D G O L H A N G E R R E C T O R Y,

E A R A LD O E SS E . N M N , X

E W A N C PI R I S T I A N A R C H T E C T L O N D O N , I , .

— P L A T E S X L I I . X L I V

O LDHANGER in is a village to the east of Maldon, the ﬂat marshy E r . R part of ssex north of the estua y of the Blackwater The ectory, — s 1851 2 . illustrated in our plates, was erected in the year 5 The building must be considered remarkable for the amount of aecom modation provided as compared with the cost. Its decorative character corres c s A ponds almost exa tly with that of the true Tudor dome tic Gothic style .

R the ectory being intended to last for generations, and law of ecclesiastical

u m in dilapidations , which req ires an incu bent to keep his house proper repair,

n bei g very stringent, it becomes important that parsonages houses be built in a h n n . plai and substantial man er In this house, t erefore , care has been taken to i prov de materials and workmanship the best of their several kinds, and to avoid all ornamental features which would involve costly or frequent expenditure for their preservation .

— ’ - The house contains a drawing room , a dining room, a study, a housekeeper s

’ n r room , a storeroom, a butler s pa t y, and a kitchen, in the principal block, to — which is attached a conservatory ; whilst there is a one story addition contain

l and and : ing a large scul ery, brewhouse bakery, and places for coals wood the

n and - m mai block also contains cellars ; there are nine bed roo s of various sizes , — d n - - an . two dressi g rooms, two of the bed rooms being in the roof

— - The aspects of the drawing - room are south west and south east ; and those — - t of the dining room and study are a little sou h of east , the modiﬁcation by the

—w n no bow i dows not being taken into account in this stateme nt . There is prospect that required to be considered .

GO LDHANGER RECTORY.

The ground - ﬂoor in the main block of the house is raised about 4 feet

6 inches above the highest part of the site, so as to avoid sinking the base ment - ﬂoor deeper than might be absolutely needful ; and terraces with grass

th and . slopes are formed on e south east sides, and on part of the west side

' R O N LO O R — n on G U D F The e trance is placed the west side of the building ,

n in n within an open porch . The landi g fro t of the door is reached by steps, which are under and within the archway of the porch . The door itself is n hung in a glazed screen . The hall is separated from the pri cipal staircase — n in n L . by a open arcade of two arches, as shown the cross sectio (Plate X IV )

— - and n The drawing room door is on the right hand side of the hall, the di ing

n nn room door faces the spectator on entering, the two rooms bei g pla ed at E — i right angles to one another . ach of these rooms is lighted by a bay w ndow

- n w an end . at its , and a three light wi do at the side In the gle formed by the

n external walls of the two rooms, the co servatory is placed , with south and east — ﬁ n - n in r e n ne aspects, the for the heati g apparatus bei g carried up the e tering

— - n . n n a gle of the walls The drawi g room, conservatory, and di ing room may be

n n n — n throw open as a suite, the access to the co servatory bei g the side wi dows of

n d con these rooms, which open to the ﬂoor. There is also an exter al oor to the

v En n n ser ator y on its east side . teri g from the pri cipal staircase there is a cor

r n - n n - nd W and r ido containi g the service door of the di i g room a the doors of a C .

S O ff n ini of the study . hut from the pri cipal part of the house , by a door placed

’

- mediately beyond the study, there are the butler s pantry, the service window of

— U - the kitchen, and the back stairs . nder a portion of the back stairs , and close to

off the way down to the cellars, a small space is divided , by a glazed partition ,

and as a storeroom ; close by this is the housekeepers room . From the Space

- n where the back stairs are, there is a short passage in which is the kitche — . r door This passage leads, down four steps, into the one story po tion of the house . A t the bottom of the steps is the place which serves the several purposes of

and n n a scullery, brewhouse , bakehouse ; whe ce is a door i to the yard . This

- u door has, close to it, a trap way to the cellars ; and it is placed nder a — n t an - pe t roof hat affords cover to access to the wood and coal shed , to the ’ — and W. . n C n n . place for ashes, the servants , and to the exter al yard e tra ce — A n W The pump is in the wood shed . other C . is placed so as to be accessible s ﬂ' o . from the ground of the house , but having its doorway properly screened

C n s n ommunicati g with the pas age of the ofﬁces, already me tioned , is one 2 LLA AND G 5 VI COTTA E ARCHITECTURE.

n ff adjoini g the scullery, a ording access from the principal front of the building A ’ to the ofﬁces . ttached to the kitchen is a cook s pantry lighted from the yard .

ﬂoor - l The level in that portion of the bui ding which contains the kitchen, house ’ — keeper s room, and back stairs, is two steps lower than the ﬂoor of the principal.

u . n part of the ho se This arrangeme t, with diminished height in the several

n —ﬂ r stories, allows of additio al rooms, which there are as attics . The ground oo

11 . : n rooms in the principal part of the house are ft in the clear height the kitche ,

’

10 . in 6 . housekeeper s room, and the storeroom are ft ; and the scullery and

- n 8 . 6 . out buildi gs are ft in to the top of the walls, but have additional height within their roofs .

E M ENr — C n BA S . o siderable space had necessarily to be left below the ground

ﬂoor ; but only a portion of the area occupied by the principal block of the house

n was required for cellarage . This portion is carried down somewhat deeper tha

and the rest, and provides the storage for ale , beer, wine, potatoes ; and space

and the — for a larder a dairy, as well as for hot water apparatus required for the conservatory . There are two ways of access to this basement , as already

. 7 . mentioned The height of the cellarage, in the clear, is feet

— — — CH A M BE R F LO O R The two chief bed rooms are over the dining room and — — - w . O ne dra ing room, and have each a dressing room attached of the bed room

n . suites could be co veniently separated , by its passage, from the rest of the house

’ E - - ﬁr . O n e ach dressing room has a place this ﬂoor are a housemaid s closet, and WC 12 . stor a The clear heights in this v range from feet, in the principal ’ — 9 . rooms , to feet in the room over the housekeeper s sitting room

— ’ A r cs . r i . These are over the kitchen and the housekeeper s room There

— O ne - are two bed rooms, which are separated by a place for lumber . bed room w is lighted by a small windo in one of the gables, and the other by a dormer, L — which appears in the east elevation ( Plate X IV . ) The lumber room, in

n - which is one of the cister s, is well lighted from the valley space between the

' ﬁor ds and . n a back front roofs The wi dow not only access to the gutter, but to

a trap in the roof, through which access is obtained to the cistern that serves

s in . n the W. C . the main block of the house The height of the pri cipal attic

- bed room is 8 feet in the clear.

The general facing of the external walls is of red brick : the heads of open

n s w in n i g , the windo mullions and sills, and the arches and jambs, the west fro t,

V I L L A A T C R O S S H I L L,

N E A R G LA S G O W

O H N B A R D A R C H I T E C T G L A S G O W J I , ,

P L A TE S X L V. X L V I .

HIS H owburn C small villa, called , was erected at rosshill, in the

’ southern outskirts of Glasgow, adjoining the Queen s Park, in

the year 1857 . It is situated on a road which is lined on each

side by small villas and cottages surrounded by gardens . From

The this suburban road the ground slopes rapidly to the site of H owbur n. northern or entrance front of the house has no view but that of some w cottages opposite . The vie from the southern front is extensive and inter li esting . The plan and arrangement is somewhat pecu ar, induced by the

site, and the limited sum for which it was required that this house should

l ri be bui t . The p ncipal rooms are placed on the side furthest from the entrance, and on the upper ﬂoor ; the reasons being that they might fully

e command the View, have the south rn aspect, and not be overlooked from i the road and by neighbours on the higher ground . The ch ef entrance of

i he the house, for v sitors, gives immediate access to t principal, or upper, ﬂoor ; whilst there is a separate entrance ‘ to the more private apartments of the

- e . lower story, from the ground l vel

i The decorative c haracter of the building is in the ma n rural Italian . h T is is pronounced in the rooﬁng ; which is of low pitch, and has wide pro in ff f j ect g eaves . The e ect of the villa towards the south is not suficiently

n : n u derstood by the elevation on Plate XLVI . the end elevatio on the other plate gives certain window—lights which are features at the sides of the projection in the front .

the The house occupies, as regards main block , an area of ground which

VILLA AT CROSSHI LL may be described roughly as about 40 feet by 34 feet ; and it contains two — — — n - one on ﬂoor b ed sitti g rooms each three rooms, as well as a lighted bed

- - an closet ; a bath room and a kitchen, a scullery and a wash house, besides

- a . amount of closet sp ce, considerable for the size of the house Further, — — b in . inclos there are out uildings arranged with a yard , or kitchen court, the

f n ing walls of which group e fectively with the main buildi g .

R O N D LO O R — — is in G U F The entrance door, on this level, one side of the

n n n commu projecti g portion of the orth front, which contains stairs of inter al

nication. n The house is e tered here, under these stairs ; under which also

n n an - n n is a pa try . The staircase, the e tr ce lobby, and the la di g on the upper

w . ﬂoor, are lighted by one tall indow From the lobby lead out the doors of — n the parlour, the kitchen , one bed room, the pantry, a closet contai ing the

W . C . b bath and a , and a smaller closet . The parlour is lighted y two win dows— one of these internally is a bay (but without lights at the sides) in

- n L n the two storied projection which is a feature of the south fro t . eadi g

- a out of the parlour is the bed closet, with separate window ; and also t

ta h d - A c e to the parlour is a small store closet . ttached to the kitchen is a

' . small closet with a narrow opening for light and ventilation ; and there is

. S also a recess for a bed This latter feature in a kitchen , peculiar to cot

n . A n la d, is passing out of use door from the kitchen leads i to the

- scullery ; and attached to the scullery is the wash house, furnished with

and n - tubs and a copper, having a door i to the kitchen court . Near to this

- : latter door are two cellars and a coal shed these, with the scullery and

- - wash house, are covered by a lean to roof, which is not seen from the out

' — . n s side O the other side of the yard are two W. C . one of which is entered

n— a and the from the garde place for ashes, door between the yard and the — . ﬂoor garden The height of the rooms of the ground , in the main block of

9 6 n in the house, is feet i ches the clear.

— — — PR I N CIPA L FLO O R A dining room and two bed rooms all the rooms — on this upper ﬂoor are entered from a square landing at the top of the

n n n n stairs of i ter al communication . To the same la di g the stairs from the

n principal entra ce lead up . The threshold itself of this entrance, with the

at f n ﬂoor of the vestibule, is the level of about hal the height of the pri i l c a . p ﬂoor above the ground The plan and section together, on the plates ,

v n n explain the arrangement, and show the di ision of the asce t into exter al 56 VILLA AND COTTAGE ARCHITECTURE.

i - steps and internal stairs . The din ng room is lighted on two of its sides,

window b ein l the principal . g a large bay, partly corbel ed out and overhang 11 ing the front . The rooms of the upper ﬂoor are feet in the clear height .

' ﬁn k ri material l Gi oc The used for the external wal s is stone from quar es, about 21; miles distant . The general masonry is irregular rubble : the dressings m . . e are tooled The internal partitions are of brick To prevent the ris of da p , 6 the lowest course of stone is laid on a bed of asphalte inches in thickness,

O n l : n which also forms the foundation . this the walls are bui t no foundatio

’ Am — u e ﬂoor stones are used . erican red pine is sed in the carpent r s work ; the ﬁni hin 1 e s s boards, 5; inch in thickness, are of whit pine ; and the general g are

The of yellow pine . rooﬁng is of the construction usual in the district, the

- r 18 common rafters being placed at inte vals of inches, and covered with slate boarding . The outer covering is of Ballachulish slates, of full size . The eaves

2 . ar e e 5lb s. project feet The ridges and hips cov red with lead, of to the foot ;

s lbs and the gutter are lined with lead of 6 .

The windows are ﬁtted with hung sashes : those of the principal rooms are glazed with plate - glass ; the inferior rooms have sheet - glass ; and the stair

- case window has stained glass .

The cost of the house was as follows

ason and ic wo £351 13 1 M ry Br k rk , As ha te in Fo n ations 231310 p l u d , ’ ' Ca ente s andJoiner s wo onmon e and ene al G az in 251 7 9 rp r rk , Ir g ry g r l g, 5 ' S ate s wo 20 9 5 l r rk, ' aste e s wo 39 5 2 Pl r r rk , 4 ' me s - wo 56 10 11 Plu b r rk ,

’ Smith s wo 16 10 0 rk , ’ e han e s wo 4 10 0 B ll g r rk , Gasﬁttin 0 g, 5 6

a e Chimne - ieces 9 10 0 M rbl y p , £778 16 3

Painting and plate - glass are not incl uded ; but the total stated includes

£16 10s. i our . amount of , for iron railings, wh ch are not shown in view

’ C U R A T E S H O U S E ,

A T O HA O HA SH R E . G T M , N TTING M I

T T O N W A L K E R A R C H T E C T N O T T N G H A M S . D U , I , I

P L AT E S X L V I I . X L V I I I.

O THA M is a village situate seven miles south of the town of

l n Nottingham . The cottage i lustrated in the accompanyi g plates 1 was erected in the year 86 3. The ground on which it stands m — is in the ain street of the village, and forms a corner plot on in n the weste rn side of the street, adjoin g a arrow rural lane . The church , and the rectory which adjoins it, are on the opposite side of the street, from which the latter building is separated by a shrubbery and trees .

- The entrance front of the cottage, where are the windows of the principal

n r . The n rooms, faces due east, bei g sheltered by the shrubbe y church is see

n - O n at some dista ce to the north east , on the opposite side of the street . e

n i - of the windows, however, belongi g to the draw ng room of the cottage, is placed in an angle of the room ; so that it looks south - eastward towards — . open country beyond the rectory grounds The south front of the cottage, i towards the lane, has a conservatory project ng from it .

The soil is a rich loam ; and in beds beneath the surface, are deposits of gypsum ; which material is largely used in the neighbourhood for conversion into plaster of Paris .

The decorative character of the building is mediaeval ; and the ornamental S details are analogous to those of the early Gothic . mall cost being essential l in such a building, the general material of the wal s, including the facing of ,

n ommon M ake i ri the fro ts, consists of the c , so called, of the d st ct ; which , in

and n i ri quality appearance, are early as good as the super or b cks of other localities . 58 VILLA AND COTTAGE ARCHITECTURE.

c . The house, without the conservatory, o cupies an area of ground

32 and measuring about feet square, exclusive of the projections of gables, ﬂu — ﬁreplaces and es these latter being in all cases external . The rooms are

- ﬂoor arranged in two ﬂoors, whereof the chamber is partly within the

T - - height of the roof. here is a wash house and brew house as a detached building ; and there are some conveniences of the main building also out

- - of . O n i doors the ground ﬂoor there are a draw ng room, with a small — n and . O n study or boudoir attached , a di ing room, a kitchen , a larder the — upper ﬂoor there are four bed rooms .

R O ND LO OR — A 3 9 in w G U F passage, feet inches idth , leads from the

n - w e trance door to a small octagonal hall, from hich last the stairs to the

n In — n upper ﬂoor asce d . the passage are the doors of the drawing room a d

- one dining room, opposite another ; and in the octagonal hall are those of the

n i study and kitche , besides one to a space under the stairs, which commun

. n cates with the larder . Through the study, access is obtained to the co ser — v ator i . y, either from the hall or the draw ng room The study is lighted from

w - - r . the conservato y In the dra ing room, the south west corner is ﬁlled in

- r with a book case, so as to make that corner co respond with the others that

- n are angled . The dining room, which is somewhat smaller than the drawi g

— A n room, has a glass and china closet attached to it . ttached to the kitche

are a lighted recess, for a sink, and a closet also lighted . The larder, at the

- n south west a gle of the building, is sunk into the ground, with the object of — getting cool temperature . Underneath the stairs there is a store place for 1 groceries . The height of these rooms of the ground ﬂoor is 0feet in the clear.

’ CH A ER LO O R — — MB F Besides the four bed rooms, there are a housemaid s closet, — r n- a lavato y attached to one of the bed rooms, and a line closet attached to the

‘ - 9 other bed room . The rooms on this ﬂoor are feet 6 inches in height . There — is also a store room in the roof, reached by a trap in the ceiling of the north

- west bed room .

ar e 1 in The external walls of 5 brick thickness, one portion of the plan,

“

- 1 r . n and brick in the remaining po tion For economy, sto e work has been f avoided as much as possible . The decorative ef ect is obtained mainly by

n the treatment of the roof; by the slight projections in the fro t, along with w gables ; and by the breaks in the gables, which reduce their apparent idth .

n - r The general faci g work of bricks of a ich red colour, is pointed with dark

' E HA CU RATE S HO US AT GOT M . 59

’ blue mor tar ; occasional bands of Peake s blue Staffordshire bricks are inserted ; andthere are other surface ornaments of the same material . The arches of the

- principal windows and entrance door ( shown in Plate XLVIII .) are formed

“ ” i r i n an w th two ims of br cks, the corners of which are splayed or ca ted , and

’ ’ ﬂ h ri outer rim of Peake s blue Sta or ds ire bricks . In one of the ms of splayed

n bricks, the alternate bricks have the splays in reversed positio s . The angle of

l n i - ri the bui di g, in which the draw ng room window is placed , is car ed by a stone

' 6 in in and n - i shaft ches diameter, with a base a cek moulding, and a fol ated

capital . The sill, or shelf, at the back of the shaft, forms a convenient place — i for plants in bloom . The chimney stacks have received the r peculiar char in “ ” acter the endeavour to avoid unoccupied spaces, or pockets, in them, as in well as from their external disposition . Thus , the stack which appears in the view (Plate every part of the interior is occupied by ﬂues

- n or ﬁreplace , or both together. The brick work at the base of the buildi g

1 n 4 n . n is thicke ed ; inches, to form the pli th The inter al partitions are of — At - The ri g inch brick work . b cks were brought from a distance of a mile

n and a half. The stone is of the kind generally used in Notti gham , which

H n . is obtained from ollington , dista t perhaps forty miles It was worked in Nottingham ; and thence the worked material was carted to the site of the house .

n d The conservatory is an inexpensive structure, havi g for its ecorative

n n - caves and - features, cresting to the ve tilati g ridge and , spandrel pieces to

. — of all . n the heads the lights, executed in cast iron These or amental details are shown in Plate X LVIII . The same plate gives an elevation of the entrance

w n l - : gate, ith a portion of the orname ta fence wall the following references explain the constr uction of the latter :

R E E R ENC ES T O E L EV A T O N O F E NC E - WA LL F I F .

co in Ho in to n stone: BB co se of common ic s ai on it in a l : C C icks ai e ewise AA , p g, ll g , ur br k , l d l g ud l y , br l d dg , ands a e at o th en s : D D ie s o me ofth ee co rs es of ric s ai ﬂat andt ans e se : E E s a e pl y d b d , p r f r d r u b k l d r v r ly , pl y d

ric inths with sto nes 0 G inse te at e e inte s ace to carr the cas t- i on o naments : H H co ses of b k pl , , , r d v ry r p y r r , ur - ' e Staﬂor dshire ic s i ﬂatwis blu br k la d e.

’ C For the carpenter s work the best Gottenburg timber was used . lean

’ and n red deal was used for joiner s work ; , havi g been specially prepared , the

n work was stained a d varnished . The ﬂooring is formed of joists 7 inches by

2 s and 1- n - w 5 inche , of i ch white deal boarding laid ith straight joints . GO VILLA AND COTTAGE ARCHIT ECTU RE.

- w n The window openings are all ﬁtted ith hinged casements, excepti g the

n u - a g lar one , which has sliding sashes . There are no shutters ; plate glass

n a o has , from its thickness, been co sidered a substitute , with addition of g od — lock fastener to the easement or sash ; whilst the glass gives improved ap pearance .

ﬁn l - n e To keep dow damp , a layer of boiled tar and y washed Trent sand ,

ri n ﬁfth of an inch thick , was laid on the course of b cks formi g the top of the

- . d external plinth Gratings, to a mit air and prevent dry rot, were inserted

n in the walls, not only as regards the space below the ﬂoori g of the ground

story, but as regards that of the roof.

The roof was covered with Bangor slates, from the Penrhyn quarries, of

ladies d n 31hs the small size called , fastene with copper ails of the weight of §

’ m- l n . Th e ri to the thousa d dges were capped with Peake s ter meta lic tiles,

- n with ornamental cresting set in dark coloured ceme t.

l n 2 n £39 109. The amou t of the original contract for the bui di g was , But

- and as there were some additions, the cost of the house, with the fence walls

- n the wash house, ultimately stood as give below, the total at the foot of the account being the sum actually paid.

Cont act with i e r bu ld r, essel ate a ement for ha T l d P v ll ,

Fo min a W.C. cess it and r ain r g , p , d ,

O namenta ence - wal 80 inea eet and ent ance - ate r l f l ( l l f ) r g , ﬁttin Conse ato e c si e of inte na s rv ry, x lu v r l g , Rain- water cistern; Flue to Conse rvatory ; extra for Ch imney - pieces and

r ates or mo e th an a lowe in cont act Co nice in ent ance - hal g , r l d r ; r r l ;

- m and W - Fo ce il in s. ash h o se r pu p ; bu d g u ,

S T R A T H C O T T A G E

D UM B A R T O N .

J T R O C H E A D R C H E C GL S GO W. . . . A I T T . A

E EO N T E L E V A T I O N

ID 5 o 40 Feet .

O R P L O P P P E R L O O R . P L A N G R O UN D F L O . AN U F

so Pact.

Ke e in En ave J l g. gr h d r chi ec . Ko c en . A t t

I O snmnunea a. Lor na}: a. son L , BLA CK E . G ASG W S T R A T H C O T T A G E ,

D A O UMB R T N.

W T . R O C H E A D A R C H I T E C T G L A S G O J . , ,

P L AT E S X L I X . L .

R A E CO A E T T TT G , the subject of the accompanying plates, was m in 1853. the w Du erected Its site, at outskirts of the to n of

n — barto , and near to the railway station , is somewhat low ; but the

back of the house, where the library is, commands a view of

- D m n The l . u barton R ock a d Castle . aspect of the principa front is north west

one E s . Including the garden, the ground does not exceed statute or ngli h acre

v This house was designed with the iew of producing, at limited cost, a more picturesque character than is usually attained in small houses that are

- . t n n square in plan The large projec ing window is balanced by the e tra ce door, which latter is placed towards one end of the front ; and the internal passages i are so arranged as to be less l able to produce draughts, than where they

- lead more directly from the front to the back entrance .

The decorative character of the design resembles that of the late Tudor cottage style : though there are no stone mullions to the windows ; whilst eaves

- ﬁn l n ﬁn ia s a d r oo and gable g that overhang the walls, with wooden pendants,

in . are features of the fronts. The projections are of importance a moist climate

i n 42 34 The bu ldi g occupies an area of feet by feet, exclusive of pro

ections. one j It has two storeys ; of which the upper is, the greater part of it, m i in the roof, though ade as convenient as that arrangement adm ts, by the

n in w - and i troduction of gables to the w dows of the dra ing room staircase, and — — - n i n dormers to the bed rooms and the fro t dress ng room, the other wi dows of

— T - the upper storey being beneath the main gables . here are three sitting rooms Q LLA D A E H 6 2 VI A N COTT G ARC ITECTURE.

— ’ and e r . R four bed rooms, besides a r cess for a se vant s bed ooms of the two

n ki ds are on each ﬂoor. Provision of a considerable amount of convenience

- as in dressing rooms and closets, characterizes the house generally .

R O N D LO O R — G U F The principal entrance, at the top of a ﬂight of steps,

. A i leads into a vestibule lobby, lighted from the front of the house, and n

- - - which there is the door of a bed room , leads into a well lighted staircase hall .

- and In this are the doors of the dining room and the parlour or library,

- n of a sub lobby u der the stairs leading to the kitchen . In this part of

ess - the plan, also, is a pr , or closet, convenient of access from the dining room ; — whilst there is another closet O pposite the kitchen door ; and there is a wine O cellar under the stairs ; of which the entrance is from the parlour. pening

n ’ out from the kitchen is a seco d closet, besides the recess for a servant s bed .

A s l r i small cu le y, prov ded with a sink and dresser, projects from the back of — the house ; and here is a back door, at the top of steps . The position of these

a end r - is m rked at the of the house by a bit of dwa f walling, or plinth ; so that

n i A - n the e trance is readily d scovered from the front . large bow wi dow to the

n - - di ing room, and a closet to the bed room, are other features of the plan . The rooms of this ﬂoor are 11 feet in the clear height .

— — CH A ER LO O R H : - MB F ere is the drawing room there are three bed rooms, two of which have dressing - rooms attached ; and there are also a bath W — C . e room and together, a store clos t, and a closet to be used as a ward n h m 11 or e . O t e robe, for lin n this ﬂoor roo s are feet in the height to the 7 ceiling in the highest part, and feet in the lowest, or where the slope corres D i ponding with that of the roof begins . otted l nes on the plan mark where

the the slope, back and front of building, ends, and show the extent of the

n ﬂat ceili g.

- D The external walling is of free stone, from umbarton Quarry, about a mile

n - distant . The general masonry is eat rubble work, pointed with hydraulic lime

- or Portland cement . The door and window dressings are tooled ; and so also — are the coin stones, which project about an inch from the general facing .

C h - n ait ness paving sto e, a course of one inch in thickness, is built in the four

as i outer walls, well as in the nternal walls (which are of brick), below the

— - under side of the base course of the house, to prevent rise of damp . The

compactness of the material , and the mortar or cement used, together with the projections of the rooﬁng, prevent inﬂux of damp through the walls . Walls

STRATH CO TTA GE. 6 3 of whinstone are more liable to leakiness than those of the material used i n n . the present case Besides the provisions mentioned, there are grati gs ,

12 6 “ n inches by inches, on the four sides of the house, for ventilatio of the

- spaces below the ground ﬂoor .

- The timber used for window sashes and frames, outside doors, and other

- ﬁnials n exposed wood work, as in the case of overhanging eaves, , and penda ts ,

’

- is A merican red pine . The general carpenter and joiner s work of the interior — of the building is executed in American yellow pine ; but the ﬂoor ing- boards are of white Norway battens 1 inch thick .

’

- The slater s work is done with full sized West Highland slates . The slates — are let into grooves cut in the stone work of the chimneys ; and at the cav e s

s n and dormer they are i serted below the wooden coping, so as to show their outer edges .

6 lb . a The water is led from this roof by gutters (of le d), which are carried

- through the tops of the dormers, front and back of the house, to rain water

n- 2 i on dow pipes, of 5 nches diameter ; the positions of which are marked the — — plans . The roof of the bay window is covered with lead the edges of the lead being dressed , overlapping, on the edges of the boarding. — The steps at the front entrance have balustrades of the Elizabethan or

n - w Jacobea character, with ball cro ned pedestals. The cost of this house was as follows

aso n and r ic a in 1 M ry B kl y g, £30 6 4 Ca ent oine G a in and onmon e 41 8 rp ry, J ry, l z g, Ir g ry, 3 7 as te in 5 9 11 Pl r g, 7 min 58 10 2 Plu b g, S atin l g, 28 16 3 Marble Chimney- piece s 15 11 0 £884 1 4

i - l - The above statement ncludes plate g ass for the main front, as well

- n n as the ordinary glass, but excludes the staircase wi dow ; which is of stai ed

: ﬁtin . g as t lass it also excludes bellhanging, painting, and g g V I L L A A T G R A N T H A M ,

N O TTING H A M SH I R E.

II I N E 8L E V A N S , A R C H I T E C T S , N O T T I N G H A M .

P L A T E S L I . L I I.

HIS H 1864 ouse , erected in , is situate on the eastern side of the i town of Grantham . The pr ncipal front has a southern aspect,

- and looks towards the new cemetery . The militia barracks are n to the north . O other sides there is open country of pleasing

the l character. The substratum on which foundations of the bui ding rest, is sandy and very dry.

The decorative appearance of the villa resembles that of the “ Double Villa

” D . . a at erby, by the same architects ( Plates XXII XXIII ) The medi eval m s character is departed fro in the form of some of the openings, and by

- l . the omission of mul ions to the windows, and the use of sliding sashes

Th e main - block of the building occupies an area of about 50 feet by

46 - in feet, measuring certain projections ; whilst an attached block at the back occupies a space of 23feet by 18 feet 6 inches . There are two ordi — nary storeys the upper one being partly within the roof ; and under a — - l in s . portion of the main block are cellar There are three fami y liv g rooms,

- business ~r oom oﬂices - and a gun room, or ; a complete set of , six bed rooms ,

- and two dressing rooms . The principal staircase occupies the centre of the

— the W — main block , and is lighted from a lantern at top , through a square ell hole

n of the landing a d stairs .

R O N D LO O R — n e G U F The principal entra ce to the hous is at one side , looking westward . The door opens directly into the hall ; which latter is

. - C lighted by windows at the sides of the door and by a fan light . lose to

W W E L E V A T I O N T O A R D S T H E E S T .

. O F P L . S E C TI O N T H R O U G H L I K E A B. AN

V I H E E E L E V I O O R D O R H . E L E AT O N T O WA R D S T A ST . AT N T WA S N T

8c h R. Dav s on En r av ime Eva ns e s rc i c l . A t t g

8c SON OW, ED B R H LO D O . BLACKI E . GLASG IN U G N N

LLA AND CO AGE AR CH E RE VI TT IT CTU .

’ O - - ver the man servant s bed room, the room or loft is entirely within the

f. A roo window to it appears in the North Elevation .

The walls of the house are of brick . The external walls are of the

r : al Th thickness of one b ick and a half the bricks are those of the loc ity . e

n general faci gs are of dressed red bricks . Voussoirs of the arches, and some

S f r ri other features of the front, are executed in the taf ordshi e blue b cks . The i t prov sion to preven rise of damp consists of a course of slates laid in cement,

l - ﬂ r n oo i . in the wal s immediately under the level of the ground g The copings, ﬁn n e n weatherings, and dressi gs of doors and windows are all of oolite sto e , A i from the ncaster quarries, wh ch are about seven miles from the spot.

The roof is covered with Welsh slates; and the ridges are covered with

- Staﬂor dshir e ornamental ridge tiles . The carpentry of the roof is of v er v simple character ; the common - rafters are carried by purlins which rest on

' the partition and gable - walls ; whilst at intervals of 10 feet in the length of

a a — e ch space of roof, the feet of the r fters, with the wall plates on which they

“ - . The rest, are secured together by timber ties water from the central ﬂat is conveyed by a trough - gutter through the eastward - roof to the external

- down pipe .

’ The joiner s work throughout the interior is executed in clean r ed deal ;

- w . which is slightly stained, and then coated ith the best copal varnish This

- e ff mode of ﬁnishing wood work, (which c rtainly admits of e ect, produced by the

i the gra n of wood, ) is now not uncommon, and is by some architects preferred “ f to painting, both for ef ect, and because it necessitates, in selection of the S material, that care which favours durability. uch care as is necessary for the

ff e and f e ect, however, it is not easy to insur ; it is often di ﬁcult to avoid knots

i the that are loose or are eyesores, nstead of sources of beauty ; whilst cost b of some items is increased : thus hinges should e brass.

- ﬁllin in n . The g for the glass of the ordinary wi dows has been referred to — The angle windows of the dining - room form exceptions to the sliding - sash

ﬁlled- in : arrangement each opening is with a single sheet of glass, and becomes — - m ictu e window ff . a p r , a ording an uni peded View of the landscape Plate glass

i - - is used for the glazing of the w ndows of the reception rooms, entrance hall ,

- and three best bed rooms .

- &c. £1550. The cost of this house, exclusive of boundary walls, stables, , was

V LLA A T D LW CH WO O D PLA E I U I PAR K. T

BA NKS it B R R Y R C H E A . A IT C TS

L 0 N D 0 N .

E O R E R C E E L E V O A S T N T AN A T I N .

P L o r R O D L O O R . P L C H M B E R AN G UN F AN A F L O O R .

P L O F B E M E AN AS NT . P L AN o r ATT I C F L O O R

1p 5 o 10 20 30 so to so 7 0 Feet

Banks 8e B h a c ie c s rry.Ar Rob nd s t t } A er on Engraver.

LL AND GE AR H E 6 8 VI A COTTA C IT CTURE.

ﬁn 30 : di er e t w feet the effect is, therefore, somewhat to that sho n in our

i e n Plate which, g ving the elevation view d near at ha d, presents the

- e n basement storey with gr ater prominence than it has, excepti g when closely

n the approached, and omits altogether features of foregrou d that contribute to picture of which the house bears the leading part .

It shoul d be understood that the house was contrived for special require

i was 2 000. ments of a small fam ly, and that the outlay proposed limited to about £

- - The aspect of the entrance front is, actually, south east, but shut off, to a

- — : is . certain extent, by the Palace that of the garden front north west The only

i - rt n extensive view from the house be ng that from the garden front, all the impo a t

‘ n windows were there contrived in planni g . The View extends far over the

D . valley of the Thames . ulwich Woods are close beneath

40 l The soil, to a depth of about feet, is a very hard ye low loam, with

L n - streaks of gravel . Immediately below this is the hard blue o don clay.

The decorative character of the house corresponds with that of houses of

- the domestic Tudor Gothic style . The plan was partly governed by the circum

- stances of site and prospect that have been referred to . The main building di occupies an area which may be called 38 feet by 33feet. Inclu ng the base

and ri ment, there are three principal storeys ; some more than ordina ly con v enient rooms of the sort are provided entirely within the height of the external slopes of the roof. The residential accommodation includes three living or

- ll - - reception rooms (besides a bi iard room), eight bed rooms of all kinds, a bath ﬂi a o ces. room, conservatory, and ample

— - R O ND LOO R . The r G U F front door, to the ight hand, looking at the front,

. e is placed beneath a wooden porch , or hood, sufﬁcient for shelter The ntrance leads into a hall , which is somewhat ornamental, and was purposely planned

e T of irregular shap "it has the plan of the letter ", so as to break the rush of

e the — air into the body of the hous , on opening of the door, protection especially w important during prevalence of easterly inds . This hall is lighted by a

. C . u window in the end of the house, near to which is a W T rning to the

e - left, having entered, you pass the descent to the basem nt storey, and enter

- - n the staircase hall ; from which lead out the doors of the dining room, drawi g

- room , and study. The staircase hall, whilst of ample space where required ,

i the e or below, is contracted in w dth on upp r ﬂoor, for the sake of a longer V W ES T O R G A R D E N E L E A T I O N .

V O R H E L E I O . V I O H E O N T AT N S UT E L AT N .

C O N L E O N P L . E C I O O N L I K E 0N P L . A . S E TI O N IN ANS S T N A . ANS

70 so so Peer H

Bank) B h e Rob ‘ nder s En a e a on v c i cts rry. Ar t A gr r

BL CKIE SON L O EDI B R H k LO DO A . G ASG W. N U G N N

70 VILLA AND CO TTAGE ARCHITECTURE.

of the four fronts are of red bricks, of superior quality and colour, brought from

L S ff 130 i . owestoft, in u olk, m les by sea and land The work was ﬁnished with

- - n l . - black tuck pointi g . The basement wal s are protected, where below ground, i from damp of earth that would otherw se have rested against them, by dry — - n n areas, shown in the transverse section . The wi dows, dressings, stri g courses, — and door jambs, are in Box Ground stone, from the quarries near Bath .

A - lthough somewhat coarse grained, it resists action of the weather better than the other kinds of Bath stones. The distance from the quarry to

S H 120 — the i ydenham ill is about miles carriage being by ra l and road .

The partitions are chieﬂy of timber - quartering ; but some of those of the — ﬂoor 4 R . ground are of brick, A inches thick , set in oman cement

’ ’ The carpenter s andjoiner s work generally is of Baltic timber and deals ;

A - but the stairs are of picked merican pitch pine, with ornamental balusters i and handrail in wainscot . Th s work in the staircase is not painted, but stained and varnished . The ﬂoors are ﬁlled in, between the joists, with sound All boarding and pugging of coarse mortar. the sashes are glazed with strong

- i plate glass of the best qual ty.

— d - ri The roof framing is of or inary construction . The roof cove ng is of

ri - very hard ﬂat tiles, of a ﬁne ch chocolate red colour, which were made at

S . Broseley, in hropshire They are placed in bands, or as six rows of ordinary shaped tiles to three rows of escaloped . The ridges are coveredwith ornamental

- i 6 lbs. tile cresting. The flat is covered w th lead, of to the foot superficial ; of n which are the flashi gs also . The water is conveyed from the flat by a lead

— n one the e the trough gutter, passi g beneath of ridg s, and thence down slope

- to the eaves guttering.

The actual cost of the house, without ornamental painting, stood thus

Amo nt of Cont act £1 80 0 0 u r . 7

a e Chimne - ieces 60 O 0 M rbl y p ,

Sto e - ates Kitchen- an e and Fittin s of ath 160 0 0 v gr , r g , g B ,

ﬁin i in o - Gas tt nc ina ac et i h ts but not Gas a ie s 39 0 0 g, lud g rd ry Br k l g , l r ,

O ak - amin to Ga en and Gates 60 0 0 fr g rd ,

£2099 O 0

e and i n The ornam ntal painting gild ng, executed two years after completio of

’ £300 O the contract, cost additional ; but, in the owner s pinion , less decoration — — say by £100 would usually sufﬁce .

O N E L E V/ H o d. I O E E L E V/ T I O IJ FR T “ Y .

50 I'm

PL o r ' U 'JD L O O AN TV F R. PL KN o r FI ‘F ﬁT F L O O ‘E

50h er.

J Sn} 1 13n r av er . p 3. g

BL CKI E 5c ON GLAS O U EDINB , W. R H c OBDON A S U G .

72 VILLA AND COTTAGE ARCHITECTUR E.

— — GR O UND FLO O R The ar rangement of the front entrance is well explained

. LVI. w in Plate The door ay is sheltered by an open porch, and is screened

- l i . to some extent by the dwarf wal at the side, behind wh ch plants are set

n - - A The di ing room opens from the entrance hall . t the end of the latter are th nd ﬂi e a i ff O ces . staircase, a door wh ch shuts o the The kitchen is partly

n — —to in a projectio , to the rear, which provides a store room also, and has a lean i w i . roof. The full w dth of this projecting piece is occupied by the w ndo s The kitchen is entered from beneath a glass—covered way that leads to a door from

— - i n . C . the house nto the back garde , and to a combined bath room and W

- whilst opposite the kitchen - door is an entrance from the side lane . This entrance is planned so as to be within sight fromthe road in front . Behind — ’ W . C . the garden wall are the places for coals and dust . There is a servants ,

u . which is nder the stairs, within, but is entered from outside the house A ttached to the kitchen are a small sculler y and a larder. The latter is raised

- the l r and i . four steps above ﬂoor of the scu le y, has a w ne cellar below it The

A t end rooms in this storey are 9 feet 6 inches in the clear height. the of the

r — house is a conse vatory, heated by a gas stove .

— O N E — A IR LO O R — H ar e o P F ere there two ro ms, namely, the drawing room , a nd - d - the principal bed room . The rawing room has the peculiar arrangement

f - n n o LVI. windows shown in Plate , a double window bei g placed at the a gle n h of the building as well as a window in the mai front . T is gave a con sider able v range of iew before the prospect was shut out, partially, by more

n 1 in . recent buildi gs . The rooms on the ﬂoor are 0feet the clear height

— - A C S O R EY GIT - TTI T this ﬂoor are three well lighted bed rooms, one of — them small ; and a commodious linen closet . The rooms on this ﬂoor are

9 feet in the highest part .

i in - ﬂue There is a separate ﬂue, adjo n g the kitchen smoke , for ventilation ,

n n n with an ope i g i to it from every room in the house, excepting the small

- bed room .

n walls ri 13 n The exter al are of b ck, 4; i ches in thickness as regards the

- n and 9 . n grou d and one pair storeys, inches above The bricks ge erally ” i are the ordinary stocks, or common bricks ; but the fronts are faced w th

- hed . S was stocks Both kinds were close at hand . ome red bricks are used

- in bands , and in the window arches . What little stone is used is Portland . BA uqY T o WIND o v/ o r PP E L O O R p U R F

A I L I Nq.

RAI L IN G

I O N r P m 7 N I I N ﬁs o o ﬂd $ 4 : " o RA L Q E L E VATI O N o r P O R Q H ‘ ‘ cale Il in ch 101 o o . l mch to l Poot S F t S ca e h

l KeelingEngr ave r

ED B R H k LOND ON BLACKIE k SOD GLASGO W. IN U G

C O T T A G E A T G O V A N ,

R E NF R E W S H I R E .

. T . R O C H E A D A R C H T E C T G L A S G O W J , I ,

P L A T E S L V I I . L V I I I .

HIS H L ’ C n ouse , called angland s ottage, is situate ear Govan , a

n - n village o the south wester outskirts of Glasgow . It was erected

1 53. . in 8 The site is level The aspect is west , or rather to the

n and n north thereof. In the desig planni g, the aim has been

ictur economy of space in passages, and of external walling, combined with p w esqueness of effect in a ﬂat but wooded locality . The alls are of varying

— - n heights some portion of the height of the ground storey, eve , is comprised within the roofing of the lower level : the bed - room accommodation is divided between the ground - floor and a floor that is wholly within the roof ; the slopes and gables are steeply inclined ; and , as the house can be seen well

n on all sides, the design has bee studied for grouping from whatever point of

n and in View, and the decoratio masonry are ﬁnished the same manner all

- . The in . round cottage, point of style, resembles the domestic Tudor Gothic

The chimneys, separately or as seen together, are important features, giving — piquancy to the whole . The house covers an area not counting a projection

of 3 34 r . about 7 feet by feet; out of which a piece is cut, at one co ner The

- accommodation consists of one parlour, a kitchen , four ordinary bed rooms, and

’

- a servants room , besides closets and a bath room .

R O N D LO O R — n in n G U F The principal e trance, the wester front, is through

- A n . an ope and side lighted porch glazed door gives access to the lobby, which has also a light from the roof. The door, if desired, might be hung at the — - . A porch entrance, and the side lights of porch glazed passage, turning twice

- - at right angles, from the lobby, leads to the back door. From the left hand PL C O T T A G E A T G O A N AT E V ,

R E N R E W S R E F H I .

J. . R O C HE A D R C H E C L O T , A I T T , G AS G W .

E E L E V W S T A T I O N .

P L R O D L O O R G F . P L AN UN O F P P E R L O O R R O O AN U F F .

S O U T H E L E V A T I O N

Scnl e l far E ana

Sc ale far Elevndmu I d h T Ro che a Arc itect Ii Daws on Engraver

BLA CDB 5. SON L EDI . O B R H k L G ASG W. N U G QNDUN.

N O R T H E L E V A T I O N

P an o f mn S l Clu ev tack.

Scal e for Plans

mn ack c hi ey St

De t ail s o f upper andlowe r min t e r a tions of G able

E V O E A S T E L A T I N . R Dar/7 3 En ave cm. gr r. J. h Ro chea c i e d. Ar t ct.

ID 20 30Pet"

S cale for Elevati ons

BL KIE 8: SON L O E IN B 3: C . D R H LO DO A G ASG W. U G N N . A E T AN CO TT G A GO V . 75

lobb — and s side of the y are entered a bed room the kitchen, and the stair to the

r — n upper ﬂoor are ascended ; whilst on the ight hand side is the parlour, havi g

- and . a store closet, lighted from above, a smaller closet The parlour is one of C those rooms of this ﬂoor which are partly within the roof. losets are attached

- n to the bed room, as also to the kitchen in the latter case, space u der the stairs — n l n C is turned to account as a larder bei g ighted a dventilated . onnected with

’ - - W C . the passage to the back door are the servants bed room (shut off) a . , and

- . n havm n a place for coals The parlour, bed room, and kitche , (each g wi dows 9 w on two sides) are feet in the clear height, hilst the remainder of the storey 8 li has a height of feet ; but as most of the cei ngs in the house are partly sloped ,

n n n heights stated must be take as for the highest portio s of rooms o ly .

ER F L n — H - UPP oo ere are two bed rooms, entered each by four steps from the — top - landing of the stairs ; whilst a third bed room is reached through one of the ‘ the second two, as also are a lavatory and bath in a room between and third bed — - - E ﬁr . rooms . ach bed room has a e place The stair case is lighted by a triangular — - n . dormer window at the landi g The bath room has a skylight. The heights,

8 — - in the highest part, are feet for the bed rooms and 7 feet for the bath room .

' - n Giﬁnock The external walls are built of free sto e from the quarries, which

. 2 n are distant about three miles by road The walls are feet in thick ess,

’ n - n n 18 . excepti g at the back e tra ce and servants room, where they are inches

n 5 n in - The general faci g is in courses, i ches height, pick faced, the joints n ‘ — — bei g carefully pointed with hydraulic lime mortar . The base course, coins,

l i n n and n - mu l ons, tra soms, and heads of wi dows chim ey stacks, are rubbed

. 10 n n or polished on the face The coins, each i ches in height, project o e

- . In n inch the principal chim ey stack, the shaft itself, above the mouldings,

rs n n fl fi is in cou es of a si gle sto e each , hollowed for the four ues . The r e places and fines are built in stone ; but the rest of the work of internal in th partitions is of brick, excepting the upper floor, where only e central

n 9 n n - partitio is of brick ( i ches), the others bei g of timber quartering, lathed

. n n in and plastered The inter al brickwork of the grou d ﬂoor, partitions, is

9 n in n n ’ i ches thickness, excepting where inclosi g the ser va ts room closets , ,

n 4 n . B and coals, where the thick ess is 4, i ches oth in the external and

n n C n - i ter al walls, there is a course of aith ess paving stone below the Splay n of the base or pli th . Protection from damp that might pass through the

l ff - n in n wa ls is a orded by the widely projecti g eaves, addition to the pointi g. 76 VILLA AN D COTTAGE A RCHITECT URE

— ﬁni l n n x r n a s a d t e te al The lintels, the barge boards, , pe dan s , the doors,

w - A n n and the indow sashes and frames, are of merica red pi e . The general ’ — ’ t he n St. carpenter s work is of Quebec yellow pine , and joi er s work of John

- n - yellow pi e . The window sashes have the ordinary arrangement internally ; — that is to say, they are double hung in two sashes, though the external

- n n appearance is that of double or triple light wi dows ; but, i the upper ﬂoor, — — n - n the triple light windows have slidi g sashes to the ce tre light only, the

“ - n - sashes of the side lights being ﬁxed . The glazi g is of the best crown glass.

The windows of the ground ﬂoor have shutters .

is - 6 2 The roof a simple arrangement of common rafters, of inches by inches n 5 2 n n nd 18 scantli g, or inches by i ches , according to the spa , a set inches

n - n from centre to centre . The ceili g joists of mai ﬂoor are 8 inches by 2 inches .

— l — Easdale s H The roof covering is of fu l sized or We t ighland slates, in courses

- . E straight and escalloped ach gable , with or without ornamental barge board, n 1 is terminated by a moulded copi g, 5 inch thick, under which the edge of

n r . the slati g is carried, and the space between pointed with Po tland cement

ﬂashin s — The ridges,and the g round chimneys and roof lights, are covered with lb 5 s . n lb lead of to the foot ; and the valleys are li ed with lead of 6 s. The — — eaves gutters and rain - water down pipes are of cast - iron; and wherever the n n — f co tinuity of the roof is i terrupted by gablets , lead gutters ixed externally at

— and nn i a line immediately above the level of the ceiling joists, co ected w th pipes — passing through the gablets, conduct the rain water from such disconnected

- — — parts of the roof to places where there are eaves gutters and down pipes . The

n and n small portions of the roof betwee the gablets , below the li e of the lead

- — u n or . g tters, have drippi g eaves ; another p tion has a valley gutter

The cost of the house was as here stated '

asonr and ric wo M y B k rk , ’ Ca ent oine and onmon e s wo andG a in rp ry , J ry , Ir g r rk , l z g, ’ me s wo Plu b r rk , S atin l g,

as te in Pl r g,

aintin o tsi e wo on P g ( u d rk ly) ,

a e Chimne - iece M rbl y p , ﬁi n Gas tt n and el h a in g B l g g .

W E S T E L E V A T I O N .

50m

L E P L . S E C T I O N. I N S A N S

E V I O O R H L E V I' ‘ E A S T E L A T N . N T A

10 5 0 10 50Fed

w s c ie ct . E an Chr i ti an. Ar h t

' K E 8: SON L S ED B H LQND BL C I , O I ON A G A G W. N URG . D E P R SO N F R ID AY BR I G A AGE ,

CAMBR I DGESHI R E.

E W A N H R S T A N A R C H T E C T L O N D C I I , I , O N .

P L A T E S L I X . L X .

R DAY R D E is I B I G , where the parsonage illustrated in these plates,

in C C . is the Fen ountry, near Wisbech , in ambridgeshire The — house was erected in 186 1 6 2 . The site of the building is nearly

a dead ﬂat ; and , before the works were commenced, it was sur — — rounded by large open drains or water courses some of which it was necessary

- ﬁll ih in n. to , order to form a garde With the circumstances of the site l n were involved peculiar difﬁcu ties as to the foundatio , the supply of water, and

n i . the drai age . The pr ncipal rooms have an aspect almost due south There

no O was view or prospect worthy of consideration . wing to the nature of the — r to - ﬂoor subsoil, it was necessa y keep the ground level high ; and from the

- n same circumstance , a sunk baseme t storey was impracticable . The ofﬁces are therefore arranged in a manner which gives a somewhat extended appear ance to their portion of the plan . m The decorative character of the building is Gothic, modiﬁed somewhat fro

- the old domestic style , more especially as to the treatment of the window heads . The comparative plainness of houses of this class results from considerations that n n have been referred to in the descriptio of Goldha ger R ectory.

n 50 b 44 The mai block of the building covers an area of feet y about feet,

exclusive of the gabled projection and bay- window in the centre of the south

r two - w f ont; and it consists of ordinary storeys, besides attic rooms hich are — n f. s n entirely withi the roo The out building , with the stables retur ed at

6 0 . their end , run eastward feet or more There are, in the house, three

— - one - f day rooms, nine bed rooms , dressing room , as well as extensive o ﬁces . U 78 VILLA AND COTT AGE ARCHITECTURE

The internal arrangements are compact and convenient . The thoroughfares

’ are so contr ived as to keep the family and servants - apartments distinct from one another.

— - - GR O UND FLO O R The ﬂoor line of the main block is 2 feet 3inches above

ras - the original level of ground ; and a g s terrace is formed on three sides.

in - in The principal entrance is the west front, through a recessed porch hav g ni a pointed arch as the ope ng to it. The door . placed on the right within

ri the porch, gives access to a cor dor that is lighted at the end, or from the — l. front, and which leads to the staircase hal This last is in the centre of the

and . block, is lighted from the top In the corridor are the doors of the study

- i and of a store room . The study has windows on two sides, and, be ng close to

di l - the entrance, and to a certain extent sconnected from the fami y part of the

- - . l t house, is well adapted for a business room The store room is ighted par ly from the porch , and partly from the scullery. In the hall are the doors of the — i - i in - ff o . draw ng room and d n g room, and a cloth covered door shutting the ofﬁces

- — in The drawing room is lighted by a large bay window, at its end, the south — front . The dining room is lighted from the south and east ; and in this room is a

- ﬁc - of e serving door, and hatchway, at the end of the passage, and within short

l - distance of the kitchen . The kitchen and scu lery are to the north west of the

ﬁ— - - a of ce passage, and next to a large inclosed court yard, into which there is way — l . out from the scul ery There is also a back entrance from the court, into the — ’ - ﬁ i l . of ce passage ; wh ch passage is ighted by a fan light over the door The cook s

ﬁr — r . e pant y is close to this door In the kitchen are a closet, next the place, and

- a dresser with drawers and shelves . The store closet and the different pantries

i - are ﬁtted w th shelves in the usual manner, as indicated in the ground plan .

i i - The scullery is furnished with sink and copper, and w th a bak ng oven of brick

l - i work . The scul ery window in the principal front has its s ll raised above the level of sills of the windows of the living - rooms ; so that the interior of the scullery does not come disagreeably into View from the exterior; whilst outlook is not altogether interfered with .

— — The court yard serves conveniently for both kitchen department and stables,

. r without division It is entered by large gates from the west, or p incipal , -

end i - front, and also at the opposite by a door close to the g g house, and from the garden by a passage near to the stable .

— — ﬁe - the i of c In the passage, and close to din ng room hatch , is a china pantry,

V S O U T H E L E A T I O N .

P L O F C H M B E R L O O R P L O F C A N D AN A F AN AT T I S R O O F .

Se al e for Blevaucm

P L A N O F G R O U N D F L O O R

lhvan Chri suan chi ec . . Ar t t John Bowe rs E

BLA CKIE a. son cu soow s nmsoﬁoﬁa r onnou E AR NA FRIDAY BR IDG P SO GE. 79

— ar e with an attached closet under the back stairs . There two steps down to the kitchen - door ; and beyond this there is a transverse passage, out of which the — - . l back stairs ascend, and in which is the door of the wine closet The atter pas

i - sage cont nues, with descent of two or three steps, to a beer cellar and a larder,

n getti g light close to its end, from the south , just beyond the main block of the

i . n bu lding The positio of the larder, at the end of the line, allows of a through

r i cu rent of air ; for which , in add tion to the window northward, four apertures,

- with air bricks, are provided to the south . Beyond this portion of the ofﬁces

’

- - W .C . are the outbuildings, including the coal shed, the ash pit and the servants ,

C . and the garden W . The latter conveniences have their entrances carefully shut off, whilst made accessible from opposite sides of the house.

A — The stable is for two horses . ttached to it is a small harness room, with

ﬁr e - and n place, with a borrowed light from a lobby; and , at the orth, is “ then — - E n the gig house . ast of the stable block is a piggery ; a d there is also a dung

s pit, with a hoot into it directly from the stable . The stalls of the stable are — — - - n ﬁll l l ed formed with cast iro hee posts, and top and bottom rai s with boarding n n — n nd n l in betwee ; a deach has a cast iro rack a an e amelled manger . The wal s

n — of the har ess room are boarded to a height of 6 feet .

— - in - The kitchen and stable court is fenced along the north, with oak posts — l . and rai s, and split pales of larch The gates are framed , ledged , and braced — of oak , covered with narrow deal boards .

The principal rooms of the ground storey of the main block, are in height 6 n 11 . 10ft . inches ; whilst the kitche and scullery are ft

— CHA BER LO O R H n - M F ere there are four pri cipal bed rooms, (to one of which — — n - one a dressi g room is attached , ) and small bed room these being reached from

- the wide landing of the principal staircase . There are two other bed rooms on — . W a lower level of ﬂoor, at the top of the back stairs These stairs are very ell

n n — lighted by windows in two storeys . O ly o e bed room in the house is without

- — ﬁr e . A W . .C n a place ; but the dressing room has none , which is the o ly one — inin n doors, is placed the passage leadi g to the back stairs . This passage is

n n lighted from the principal staircase by an arched ope i g . The principal rooms

on 10 the ﬂoor are feet in the clear height , excepting one (over the entrance porch) which is 9 feet 6 inches ; whilst the two secondary bed—rooms are 9 feet in

height . I LLA AND CO AGE AR H E R 80 V TT C IT CTU E.

— - A r r rcs . e These are reach d, not by the back stairs, but from the landing of — o the principal staircase . There are two bed rooms, each lighted by a wind w in

a gable ; and there are three ways into the roof, whereby, in addition to the access

- u . r to the cistern , space is gained for l mber The a rangement of the top light of

in v the staircase appears in the section , and two of the ele ations . The attic — bed rooms are in height 9 feet 6 inches in the highest part .

- r The external walls, and the chief internal pa titions, are of brickwork , built E in old nglish bond . The general facing is of picked white bricks , from Whittle

sea, coursed with bands of red brick, and having voussoirs of white and red

n w n - e r a d . i bricks, alternat ly in the arches of doo ways the i dow heads The w ndow w sills are of hard moulded bricks, set edge ise , in cement, with a double row of

tiles beneath them , projecting beyond the face of the walls to protect the latter “ — l from the wet . The plinth is of quarter round mou ded bricks ; and the eaves and the verges of gables are formed of projecting courses of moulded bricks set

“ — n - w on edge, and anglewise, on a stretching course . The chim ey shafts, hich

v and ha e angular projections, have heads formed of projecting courses of bricks

- 11 tiles ; and each ﬂue is terminated by a length of stoneware pipe, of inches

d 6 ri . iameter, standing inches above the b ckwork

he r ecau To guard against settlements from t nature of the subsoil, great p

r tions were taken in the foundations . The footings were fo med of very hard bricks laid in cement, and having a wide spread at the base ; each course of them

w - n 2 was carefully bonded ith rows of hoop iro , laid along the walls, about 5 inches apart ; and the internal walls were united to the outer ones by crossing the iron

fﬁ . bond . The e ciency of these precautions came to be tested Two of the ditches

fil d—ih a l e that were ran par llel with the north and south fronts of the house, h w . n u ithin a few feet of the walls When the souther ditc was filled, the ho se 4 leaned over, bodily, southwards, so much that it is now inches out of the per pendicular ; whilst there has been no crack or flaw in the walls .

The provision to prevent rise of damp in the walls consists of a course of 1 e n asphalte , inch thick , over the whole of th m, inter al and external , laid just — above the level of the ﬁnished ground line . For ventilation under the wooden

- in ﬂoors , the provision , besides that of the common air bricks external walls , consists of honeycombed arrangement of the work of the sleeper - walls under the

- ground ﬂoo r .

82 VILLA AND CO TTAG E A RCHITECTURE.

n 5000 . co taining gallons , and constructed in compartments Into the same receptacle is conducted water from the roof of the church ; and upon the con tents of it the house is dependent for the supply for culinary purposes and O n drinking . The arrangement was not that originally intended . commence

i : ment of the building, a well was sunk , which for some time y elded good water

L S - n but soon after the bursting of the Middle evel ewer outlet , whe the Fen C ountry was inundated , the water became brackish ; and , though many methods

r of sweetening it were t ied , it remained undrinkable . No complaints of the

. e present supply appear to have been made The water of the well, how ver, serves for some purposes . The water is drawn from the tank by a strong force — d 300 pump ﬁxed in the scullery , and forced to a lead lined cistern , hol ing

W - n C . gallo s , which is placed over the . of the principal chamber storey , and

c the is accessible from the inside of the roof. To the same istern , part of

n- rai water from the roofs is conducted direct . From the cistern the water is — laid on to the scullery sink and the several The stable has an inde — pendent supply . The outfall for the house sewage is necessarily into a cess

’ pool ; which is placed at some twenty yards distance from the house . This

— n receptacle is water tight , and has an overﬂow into a ditch that is orth of the

n - site . The drai s are of stoneware piping . The cost of the house was as follows

Aino unt o f Contract

E t as x r ,

ﬁte s an and T k l r ,

- ﬁllin - in Di s Roa ma in Gates Fencin and tch e d k g , , g, g ,

— This includes grates , chimney pieces, paperhanging, painting, and all ﬁttings

not in to make the house complete for habitation ; and it must be forgotten ,

. the comparison with other examples, that the sum also includes stabling

C O A G E A T R O S E N E A H . D BA R O N S H TT T UM T I R E . W J O H B R D . R C H E C GL G O . N AI A I T T . AS

E R C E E L E V O N T A N A T I N .

P L R O D L O O R . P L C L O O R AN G UN F AN ATT I F .

E L E V A T I O N .

E C O O N L E . B. ON PL . V S TI N IN A ANS B A C K E L E AT I O N .

{ O M

RE 84 VI LLA AND CO TTAGE ARCHITECTU .

’ 10 6 - ﬂoor is feet inches in the clear, with the exception of the servant s bed

closet , which is under the landing between the two ﬂights of stairs .

— — A C LO O R . E TTI F There are three bed rooms here, and a small closet ach

- ﬁr — bed room has a e place . The height of the rooms in the highest part is

7 feet 9 inches .

' - r ubble with - The external walls are constructed of whin stone , free stone

i ﬁr - n st dress ngs . The stone of the named kind is from a quarry in the eighbour

D r i n hood ; the other is from umba ton , ten m les distant , the carriage bei g by

n : water. The rubble is simply poi ted with hydraulic lime the dressings are

- sills ce tooled . The window heads and are each of a single stone, ex pting in — the case of the four light window . The base or plinth projects 3inches: The

n internal partitions are of woode quartering, lathed and plastered . The roofs

and ﬂooring are of ordinary construction . The windows are ﬁtted with sashes ,

in n ’ no . but have shutters The material used the carpe ter s work is red pine,

’

- and in the joiner s work yellow pine . The sashes are glazed with sheetglass .

— — H The roof covering is of full sized West ighland slates, laid on boarding .

eaves utter s The water from the roof ﬂows to j g , which are formed each behind

' — Of ; n a fascia board, spiked to the ends rafters and is then conducted dow wards — The and by pipes . projections at the gables, at the ends of lean tos, are carried

n by short lengths of rafter, whilst a woode coping covers the ends of the slates,

rs and repeats the lines of the eaves . The gutte are lined with lead . The

— — - v ﬂashin s . n ridge co ering, valley linings, and g are of zinc The chim ey caps are

- of terra cotta . The cost of the house was as here stated

' ason s wo M rk , ’ ’ Ca ente s and Joiner s wo and Gla in rp r rk , z g,

’ Slater s work ' Plas terer s

' Plumber s

e ls and e - h an in B l B ll g g,

aintin e te na woo - wo th ee coats P g x r l d rk , r ,

Chimne - ca s y p ,

P FA R M H LAT E O US E . ab us e r s s e us s s .

N E R H R R O G T E A A A .

E . B L A MB R C H E C . . L O D . A I T T . N O N

F R () N T E IJ E VJ A T I O N .

P L O F I AN ATT C S .

P L AN C HA MB E R F L O O R . P L AN G R O UN D F L O O R

S c al e fo r Pl an s V do ns S cale for EIG a

I E N D E L E 7 A T I () N .

86 VILLA AND COTTAGE AR CHlTECTUR E

n e . A t landi g, plac d four steps below the latter ﬂoor ransverse passage connects

n — : the staircases, as well as the front e trance passage with that of the back the

- the n door of the principal sitting room, at one end, faces the door of kitche

and t — at the other ; in this passage is the door of the second sit ing room .

A n i ' — ﬁr . ta s a e t ched to the kitche a scullery, having place The kitchen is

- lighted by a central triplet andtwo side lights . These are in a projecting bay; at the sides of which , externally , the projection of the gable of the storey above

- - n r . ri is carried o co bels The p ncipal sitting room has also a bay window.

— — ﬁr - C HA MBE R FLO O R A N D A TTrcs. Four of the bed rooms have e places ;

- ﬁr . O ne and there is a e place to each of the dormitories of the two other — E bed rooms , of small size , is partly within the roof of the porch . ach of the

rin 9 feet in f . two p cipal storeys is the clear height, rom ﬂoor to ceiling

n - and The exter al walls are built of a coarse grit stone, hard durable, from

r adjoining quarries . The work is irregularly cou sed and bonded ; the stones of the quoi ns and discharging - arches differing from the others only in dimen

n and in i e sio s, being roughly tooled ; wh lst the rest of the work is hamm r

ar dressed or scabbled . The partitions e of brick , excepting those of the attic

are t . ﬂoor, which of wooden quartering, lathed and plas ered The roof (of which the arrangement is indicated by dotted lines on the Plan of A ttics)

n n is . covered with thi slabs of sto e , as usual in the neighbourhood ; the breadths e f of the courses diminishing from the eaves to the ap x of the roo . The A water from the roof drops from the eaves . course of slate in the walls prevents rise of damp .

in in Water is laid on , to the top of the house , from a spr g, a hill, opposite,

' distant about three- quarters of a mile ; and the water is constantly running to the cisterns and through the drains .

- n in . The glazi g is diamond shaped quarries, in lead , in casements

on r n The stone being the spot, and the ca ting of materials bei g done by the

. farmer, a statement of cost would scarcely serve for guidance in other works

88 LLA AND CO AG E A RCH EC R E VI TT IT TU .

— — fﬁ — day rooms, or reception rooms, ample o ces, three principal bed rooms, each of

- - which has a dressing room attached , and four or ﬁve other bed rooms, besides

’

- - - . r Tw a bath room and a linen room There is no separate se vants staircase . o

— “ - r doms . i a wiridoWs of the bed have very large bay windows, above sim l r to the

- rooms below. The north east angle of the building has the form of a square tower, carried up one storey higher than the rest of the structure . It is

E on terminated by gables of the lizabethan character the four sides, and by a high tr uncated roof.

R O N D LO O R — o - G U F The fr nt entrance to the house, from the east, leads into — a hall which forms the base of the tower, and is lighted by a fan light over C w i the door. lose to this entrance, and bet een the main bu lding and the

~ stable, is a door at the top of steps which lead down to the basement

- l - entrance . From the entrance hal a side lighted vestibule is reached ; attached

- W . C . to which is a . Turning to the left, the staircase hall is entered It is

“ ” nearly square, occupies a central position, and is lighted from a lantern w in at the top (as sho n one of the sections, Plate as well as from the i — vestibule . From this hall open the doors of the draw ng room, library, and

“ - - o dining room, and of a dinner service room ; which last is close to the t p — ' of stairs from the basement . There being a door into the dining room from

r — ser vice ~ r oom f the se vice room, dishes are carried that way ; whilst the itsel has all requisite ﬁttings . The conservatory is connected with the dining

- room by a glazed porch, as well as with the drawing room ; so that the whole

- may be made to form one suite. From the porch between the dining room

and conservatory, there is a descent to the garden . The stated dimensions of

— nd the - the drawing room a the library are much increased by bow windows . From the form of these windows the full advantage of the site is derived, in the matter of prospect . The disposition of the rooms and passages pre

- 12 ﬂoor . vents draughts . The height of rooms on the ground is feet

— The stable has two stalls and a loose box. O pening from the stable is

— - the harness room ; at the end of the stable is a coach house ; and over the

— off the whole is a loft for hay . The stable vard is fenced from ground in

The - front of the house . line of division takes the quadrant form on plan ; r — whereby considerable additional frontage is given to the ga den inclosure, which is of ornamental character ; and space is obtained for a second gate, allowing a carriage to pass in andout when required .

' ‘ ‘ viLLA oN SYDENHAM R ILL . 8 9

—H l‘ a i n nd A SE M ENT. a and , n B e e are k tche a scullery co nected by a passage,

’ having their windo ws wholly above - ground : there are also a small larder; a

‘ ' ’ “ s - n i siI nk - place for tores ; a butler s pa try, l ghted from a small area, with a

- - C . plate room and presses ; wine beer and coal cellars ; and a W . The walls

n in the n not above grou d are protected from damp, by dry areas, as shown pla

' d in on n an e . n of the sectio s The stairs, with the space ext the external

n e - n n . entra c to the baseme t, are well lighted from the end of the buildi g

10 n B The rooms of this storey are feet 6 i ches in the clear height . eneath

n c n- the conservatory are the fur ace , the pla e of deposit for garde tools, and

— ' ' n n - the coal hole for the conservatory . I the base me t of the stable building are

mn and n W a . C . spaces for a ure , and stores ; there is other

. — P R I N C IPA L CHA MBE R F LO O R No detailed description of the bed—rooms and — dressing rooms on this ﬂoor is necessary ; but attention may be directed to the — n. b e n W . C . pla There , will noticed the convenient dispositio of the bath room, , and stairs to attics ; also the completeness of the lighting and heating arrange

n n - - n me ts to the three dressi g rooms, as well as to the bed rooms of this ﬂoor a d

and n n one - suites w that above ; the arra geme t of of the bed room , ith lobby of

and . 10 n entrance, a closet, for clothes , attached The storey is feet 8 i ches in

the clear height .

A C TO R E — — n TT S . e a d one and I Y The thre larger bed rooms one small , the

n n- n n li e room, are reached by a passage that ru s partly rou d the square space

“ ” — - n occupied by the ﬂat and lanter over the staircase . To this Space there is

and n a way from the passage , to allow of cleansing of glass removal of s ow.

“ ” - in — The attic bed rooms are 8 feet the highest part . The tower room has its ff ﬂoor at a somewhat di erent level .

The materials used in the house , and the manner of construction are precisely similar to what have been described in the case of the villa w, hich

L . LIV . n is the subj ect of Plates III , with these exceptio s, that arches with ﬁ' — — Sta o r dshir e in n blue bricks are not used the main buildi g, and that the

- n roof coveri g has not quite the same character decoratively. It is important ,

’ n n in however, to otice that there is much more maso s work the house now before us , than in the other.

— n — u n The rai water is conducted from the central space by trough g tteri g ,

’ — n through the roofs , to the main gutters ; which are behi d parapets on the z R H E 90 VILLA AND COTTAGE A C IT CTURE.

ex ter nal walls. . Thence the water descends, externally, by pipes ; which there

- n n are in the greater number of the r e enteri g a gles of the fronts , These pipes

and our are painted red , to accord with the brickwork , have been omitted in elevations .

The cost of the house was' as follows

Amo nt of Cont act which was for the who e of the wo inc in ain u r ( l rk , lud g pl

' aintin but e c si e of what is n e mentione p g, x lu v u d r d), Gas i in and ac ets p p g Br k , Decorative Painting

M arble Chimney- pieces (other Chimney pieces being included In the contract) .

Sto es Kitchen- an e and ath v , r g , B ,

ota for Ho se Sta in andConse ato T l u , bl g, rv ry,

d. . £6 8 93. 6 Fencing the grounds formed an item of , additional

The great cost of this building, compared with other examples illustrated in this Work , is due , in part , to the increased number of decorative features, but more especially to the large excess of London prices over those prevailing in the country.

LLA A N A E 9 2 VI D COTT G A RCHITECTUR E.

w Glasgow, with other more distant to ns and villages, and bounded in the extreme distance by the Western Highlands .

C n The style of the architecture is an adaptation of the Greek . ou try

usuall onsist C houses in this style yc of one ubical mass, with sometimes a wing

n on each side . In the prese t case the building is picturesquely treated , and is

in and n composed of several masses, varying size character, each part desig ed to

n n express exter ally its purpose in the general plan . The aim, in the desig , may

— ﬁr st be said to be exempliﬁed in the following elements of the composition ,

n - n n and the di ing room disti guished by large ess of proportion, loftiness , sim

licit n - e p y; second , the parlour, the usual sitti g room, provided with a larg pro

ectin n and b j g circular window, commandi g a comprehensive view, serving, y

n in its form and the elegance and rich ess of its details, as a ﬁtting spot which ’ — — to establish the ladies work table ; third , the drawing room, in the upper ﬂoor, rendered equally unmistakable by the extent and arrangement of its multiple

n n n is wi dow ; and , fourth, the circular la tern over the pri cipal staircase, which — and n . the central feature of the design , repeats the form of the parlour wi dow The wall inclosing the kitchen—garden has been brought into the general com

n of — n positio , with the view combining the stable buildi gs with the house ; whilst the outer boundary—wall and the gates have also been studied with the object

n n n ff . n ri n of e ha ci g the general e ect The predomi ant ho zontality, in the li es, gives the effect of extent to the whole .

The relative positions of the buildings are shown in the miniature block plan (Plate and in the front elevation on the same sheet ; whilst the gates and outer boundary appear in the view (Plate LXVI . )

“ The house covers a large area ; which is of irregular for m : but only a small

- l n it portion of this space has other than one storeyed bui di g upon . The length of the front—range of building may be stated as about 70feet ; whilst the ofﬁces extend back from the front about 95 feet . The more lofty portion of the house

— n is of two storeys : there is no underground baseme t . There are three day

— - rooms, or reception rooms, and seven bed rooms, in which are included two

— S of - dressing rooms that might have beds in them . ome the bed rooms are in

— n the ground ﬂoor . The house was designed for a small family ; but its pla pro vides a more than ample amount of convenience . — GR O UN D FLO O R The main - entrance to the house is very nearly in the middle of the front ; but only in the accessories of the entrance has the front that

4 LLA AN D AG E A R H E 9 VI COTT C IT CTURE.

r i m . p esents unusual facil ties for se ce The pantry has communication , by a

- i — hot closet , directly with the kitchen , and by l fting sashes directly with the D scullery . ishes for the table are passed at once through the former : plates

r e— l and dishes from the table are passed to the scu lery, through the latter. The

11 3 t parlour, feet inches in heigh , and nearly square in form in the main portion

has l o of its plan , its available area largely increased by the circu ar pr jecting

. 0 n 1 8 . O window, which is feet inches in diameter pe ing from the parlour is

- and a store closet, ﬁtted with a dresser, drawers, and shelves, lighted by a

nd window in the e of the house .

’ A ll n - the joiner s work in these two rooms, in the drawi g room which is

n in the ﬂoor above , and throughout the house, is of yellow pi e, varnished ; and — i n i - t in the d ni g room and the draw ng room, the doors , wi h other ﬁttings, are

' — in ni enriched with fret ornaments cut mahogany and fastened on . The di ng

' a — r room ﬁreplace has massive mantle piece in black marble, en iched with gilded

' n - d in same r oom i incised orname t . The side boar , the , is of white marble , w th enrichments incised and gilt ; and the back and ends of the recess have mirrors

n w in mahogany frami g, decorated with rose ood frets . The glass of the mirrors

- Th has a surface enrichment of gilded ornaments . e sideboard and its acces sor ies n are fully lighted from a glazed openi g in the roof, placed at such

' height as not to b e seen from the room . The upper portion of the walls of this room is decorated with a continuous series of subjects selected from

’ Flax man s 2 6 illustrations of the Iliad , the ﬁgures being about feet inches in in n on ; height, sharply deﬁned outli e, and coloured brown a blue ground

' It will be observed that the stone piers or columns in front of the i n — — i l d ni g room and drawing room w ndows , and also those round the circu ar

window of the parlour, stand quite clear of the wooden framing of the glazed sashes .

— r — The bed room suite, on this ﬂoor, refe red to as entered through a sub lobby

- i opposite the parlour door, consists of two pr ncipal rooms, to one of which

- and a dressing closet is attached , of an intermediate room that might be used

- - as a dressing room to either, or as an additional bed room .

‘ as n By the plans, as well other drawi gs, it will be seen that the

n - l - - dini g room , the hall and vestibu e , and the retiring room , are the portions h of the main building that are but one storey in height , but t at the height HOLMWO OD. 95

- of the dining roomblock admits of an entr esole comprising a linen - closet ’ — and a servant s bed room with closet attached (this entr esole being over the

’ s- n n — butler pa try and the scullery), and that there is a wi e cellar below ground in the same portion of the plan:

n and n — In the department of the kitche ofﬁces, the e trance lobby fiom the

’ n th e n n - chief portio of house has leadi g out from it a chi a closet, the butler s

n r — pa t y before mentioned, stairs ( top lighted ) which give access to the entr esole

and n — in above, to the wi e cellar below, and a passage, which last are the doors

’ n n and - n and w of the kitche , lau dry, cook s pa try, which leads to ards the back

n . n entra ce of the house The passage is lighted by a window at the farther e d.

i n — The actual ex t from the passage , into open air, is i to a kitchen court ; from which there are two ways : one of them leads through the inclosed

n— n and n f kitche garde , out by a door steps, to the fro t o the house ; whilst the — n n other leads to the bleaching gree behi d the house . Surrounding the kitchen

and n— court , covered by lea to roofs, are several accessories of the house ,

" n — and includi g a wash house, places for coals roots, and a larder.

n The kitchen is a distinct feature of the design , so far as havi g a separate

and . n roof, reduced height It is lighted by a window of ﬁve divisio s, occupy

n ing nearly the e tire length of one of its sides, where the dresser is placed .

- ff n - ﬂoor n The heights of the di ere t rooms on the ground vary co siderably . — n n - r Oom 16 ﬂoor n The di i g is feet from line to ceili g, as alreadystated ; andthe

- 11 3 parlour, bed rooms, and hall are each feet inches ; the kitchen is 11 feet ;

’

- and the butler s pantry 9 feet . — P E R LO O R O n w n - U P F this ﬂoor is the dra i g room . The other rooms — — — n - n n are two bed rooms, a dressi g room or bed room, and a bath room contai i g

- 2 W . in 1 n . C 6 a The draw g room , which is feet i ches in height in the highest O part, occupies the space ver the square portion of the parlour, together with

n that over its e trance and over the two closets . The space over the circular window becomes a balcony. The room is lighted by a group of windows which

end n entirely occupy its , there being ﬁve lights towards the fro tand one on each

The side . interior of the room is highly decorated . ( See the sections and n L L the detailed portio of the wall in Plates XXI . XXII . ) A n enriched

i 26 n is sk rting, or dado, i ches in height, in wood, carried round three sides

: w - of the room between the indow lights, also at the sides of the doors and

ﬁr — n e place , and at i tervals round the room , are placed square colonettes , 96 VILLA AND CO TTAGE AR CHITECTU RE"

i - n surmounted by a fr eze , all of yellow pine varnished , e riched with anthe

n Six l n mio s in mahogany . of the spaces between the co o ettes are further enriched by painted and gilt ornamentation ; and the pannels thus formed

’ i n H . C n n are ﬁlled w th pai tings by ameron , illustrati g Ten yson s

d ls o th in I e K . e one y f g The c ntres of the sides are occupied , in case, by — ﬁr e n - the place , which has a white marble ma tel piece having gilt incised

n and orname t, a mirror over it, and in the other case by the piano, over mi i which is a rror ; wh lst at the end opposite the window, is another large w — in him c e r ae. mirror, ith a decorated marble slab front supported by The — bed - rooms and bath room are separated from the staircase by the arrangement

w The ' of a recess ith lobby . clear heights of the rooms on this ﬂoor are, for the

n - 12 6 - drawi g room feet inches, as mentioned, and for the principal bed rooms ’ — 11 . entr e ole feet 3inches The servants bed room in the s is 7 feet in height .

' The - Giﬁnock material of all external walls is free stone, from quarries,

- distant about a mile . It is set as irregularly coursed rubble, hammer dressed

n n - on the face ; and the joints are poi ted with cement, li e drawn, and ﬁnally

: painted with white lead . The dressings are tooled rubbed or polished work

A - has been avoided throughout . course of Caithness paving stone is built into the walls to prevent the rise of damp . There is a considerable amount

n e of decoration in capitals to colum s and piers , and in incised lin s and

- LXX. ornaments : it is well shown in the double Plate LXIX . The external

- l 2 k . wa ls of the main building are feet in thic ness Internal partition walls, 2 in where of stone, are also feet ; but the partitions of ord ary character, between

in rooms, are of brick, excepting the upper ﬂoor, where unsupported below, — rin . and where they are of timber quarte g trussed as requisite, and lathed For

n n - - n inner li tels over openi gs, and for all outside woodwork , Quebec red pi e is

’ — ﬂor in A ri . o used . The rest of the carpenter s work is of me can yellow pine The g ’ l — . m battens and the other joiner s work are of St. John ye low pine The bressu mer

' carrying the wall over the opening between the par lour and its circular window — is of cast iron .

n The frami g and covering of the roof, including the eaves and gutters, are similar in materials and construction to those of the double villa at

Langside already referred to; though the present plates show the - eaves and

n gables somewhat more clearly . The peculiarity of formation of the chim ey XX n L . L . cap , show at the corner of Plate XIX , meant to assist the draught, as

E RE 98 VILLA A ND COTTA GE ARCHIT CTU .

- in e EN R A NCE GA TEs . L T These are shown the persp ctive View, Plate XVI .

i - t s 11 The w dth of the carriage entrance, be ween the bases of the piers , i feet — and l w 4 1 8 inches ; the simi ar dimension of each side icket is feet inch . The

- 9 10 i gate piers are of freestone, and measure feet % nches in extreme height .

- i 2 11 1 8 The base pl nth of each is feet inches qare on the plan, and foot inches

: 2 8 in height the shafts in each are feet inches square , below, and diminish to 2 feet 6 inches at the top ; whilst each shaft is 7 feet 3inches in height ;

n 1 11 11 n and the blocki g at the top is foot 5 inches square , and 5 i ches in

— ' . d height The gates are made of pitch pine , and are enriched with moul ings

n i — n r . The and orname ts, partly of the same mate al and partly of cast iro

nn l u i ﬁlled—in a e s s lower p , which are bounded by bolection mo ld ng , are with

in 2 and framing diagonal lines , formed of pieces 5 inches square, having

- annels iron pateras at the intersections . The upper p are ﬁlled with anthe Of mions and other ornament in iron . The height the gates is 7 feet 9 inches ;

n and the thickness of styles a drails is inches . The cost of the four gate

40 il the £35 23. piers was £ ; wh st gates themselves cost ,

1 LLA A ND A GE A 00 VI CO TT RCHITECTURE.

' of the house , there are altogether three storeys in that portion of the

n area, which are practically withi the height of two storeys in the other

“ n : one divisio of the plan though , it is to be observed , of the three n n — n f. storeys, contai i g one bed room, is partly withi the roo There are ,

in n n indeed, the house , seven distinct levels of ﬂoor, i cludi g a basement proper, and n L an attic over the pri cipal staircase ( see the section , Plate XXV .) There — - and - are three day rooms, or reception rooms, a conservatory ; ﬁve bed rooms, — t to one of which a dressing room is a tached ; and the attic, or room entirely

i n w thin roof. The house occupies a area of which the p rincipal dimensions

6 0 50 n are feet from front to back , and feet frontage , not includi g the pro

ection j , southwards, of the conservatory .

— GR O UN D FLO O R A grass - terrace extends along the western and southern n n wi sides of the house, and a portion of the orther ; where are the ndows of

n n the pri cipal rooms . The terrace is reached from the grou d around the building by two ﬂights of steps ; whereof one to the entrance of the house

- n n is provided with gas lamps, of or ate desig . The terrace being crossed ,

— in there is an ascent of three steps, under a porch , to the front door, placed

one r - n n n n n of the e e tering a gles of the pla . The exter al a gle of the porch is formed by a stone column carrying a block for the support of one of the — — - n n skew backs of a poi ted segmental arch , the opposite skew back bei g carried b y the angle of the building. The porch is terminated by a weathered coping of masonry . The entrance into the house is, ﬁrst, into a square vestibule ;

“ n in and which receives its light through a glazed pa el the door, through a — f n - a . light Beyond this , but separated by folding doors in a glazed screen, is

n n — the hall itself ; from which doors, to the right, lead i to the dini g room and — - the breakfast room , and a door to the drawing room leads to the left . The two more important rooms have their principal windows in the front of the house ; andeach has a smaller window in one of its sides : in the case of the dining

n room, this latter wi dow has opposite to it that ﬂight of steps by which the . n terrace is reached on the southern side . The large window of the di ing

- r oomis of three lights ; that of the drawing room is in an octangular bay .

v s and that is carried up to pro ide for a imilar window of the storey above,

‘ - is covered at the top with a hipped projection from the main roof. The

r - b b eakfast room , which , as each of the other rooms, is lighted y windows on n n two sides , has a way out of it i to a co servatory ; whence there is a

RE THE SYCA MO S. 101

— n A t end l way, down steps, into the garde . the of the hal , opposite the breakfast

n t room door, is the pri cipal staircase, ligh ed from the north by a large window,

n which is ﬁlled with stained glass. U der the stairs are a lavatory and a

’ - : n - n lady s store room these form portio s of a small addition to the main buildi g, — In hall O - covered by a lean to roof. the end of the , or pposite the front door,

- - and is the door that leads to the kitchen department, back staircase, back i entrance . From a landing w thin this door, a broad ﬂight of steps, six in

l - number, leads down to a simi ar space, where are the kitchen door, the back — door opening into a court yard, and the way down to the cellars . From the ﬁrst

n r landing, and parallel with the descendi g ﬂight, is a na rower ﬂight of stairs

n i — we of asce t to the ﬂoor of the pr ncipal bed rooms, and thence to the the

- nd h . a t e . bed room of the third storey, to attic This portion of the house

i - b v is lighted by a w ndow over the back door, as well as one at the side

. . n r . of the door To the kitchen are attached a small pa try, and a sculle y The

l r n and n - scul e y, furnished with si k copper, has a door i to the court yard ; close

- W C . to which are the back door of the premises, an external . , and the place — w for ashes the two last being screened by a all , so as not to be seen from

- The n on ﬂ 12 the breakfast room . pri cipal rooms this oor are feet in the clear height ; the kitchen is 11 feet ; and the scullery is 13feet 6 inches in the highest part .

H A E T Th - C MB R S O R EY . e bed room over the kitchen is reached from the

n n — ﬁrst la ding of the principal stairs . The upper or main landi g in the one pair

- ﬂoor, of the principal part of the house, has connected with it the back staircase

W C . n attached to which is the . , e tered from a landing three steps above the — — — . one pair ﬂoor The principal bed room, to which the dressing room is attached, n i n — n . O n has a wi dow look ng orth, besides the bay wi dow the same ﬂoor

’ is a room containing a bath and a lavatory ; and there is also a housemaid s n rin - 12 si k . The p cipal bed rooms are feet in the clear height ; that over the

1 ﬁ — r nd 1 . a 10 kitchen is feet The fth bed room, pa tly in the roof, feet in the

- n highest part, is reached by the back staircase . In it is the cister . From the n n — la di g at the door of this bed room , there is an ascent to the room that is entirely within the roof ; and through this attic there is a way into the n remaini g portion of the roof. The attic is lighted through a skylight ; and — i not n it m ght be used as a bed room , though so regarded in this descriptio .

TH E BA SE MENT contains little more than a larder and the space for coals 2 c 102 VILLA AND COTTAGE AR CHITECTURE.

r — w : and wine . Under the conse vatory is a potting house, ith a stove this place is reached by steps from the garden .

a l e The materi ls used for the wal s of the house, and for the great r number

. i of the partitions, are bricks _The bricks are of three k nds, namely, the

” “ n common bricks of the locality, for the body of the exter al walls and for

— l n the partitions; the best pressed red bricks, for the genera work of the faci g

Staﬂor dshir e - r of the fronts; and the best blue bricks, for portions of the co nices and strings . The bricks of the two ﬁrst kinds were carted about two miles

- . i r to the site The facing work was neatly po nted in black mo tar, and was after

s n ward pointed with white mortar, in each joint and bed, in thin projecti g lines .

- r n The partitions that are not of brick are of timber qua teri g, trussed where — l . A requisite, and ﬁl ed in with brick nogging layer of asphalte is laid over one of the lower courses of brickwork throughout the area of the building.

This prevents rise of damp from the ground . To prevent the ingress of damp

all : through the walls, the external walls are hollow each in fact is as two 9 4 n 2 walls, one inches and the other A i ches in thickness, having a cavity of s w 16 inches bet een, so making up a total of inches thickness and the work of the — external and internal faces of the whole is tied together by wrought iron clips ;

All ﬂues of which there are two to each superﬁcial yard of wall . the are

i . circular ; though, accidentally, some are otherw se shown in the plans

H s Y r The stone is from the udder ﬁeld quarries, orkshi e .

’ ’ the In the carpenter s work , the timber is best Memel ; and in the joiner s

- St. ﬂ r . o work, the materials are Petersburg red deals and John pine The o

- boarding is of tongued battens . The windows have the ordinary ar rangement — - of double hung sashes . These are glazed with plate glass, excepting the

- w n staircase i dow, which has stained glass from a design by the architects.

i l In this house there are special prov sions for venti ation, exclusive of the

- - windows . They include fresh air inlets and escape outlets to every room . — E 1 9 . i ach bed room has a circular grating, foot inches diameter, in the ceil ng, below a funnel ; from which a pipe is carried upwards into the roof nearly O to the ridge . ver each grating is a valve which is worked by a cord

and from the bedside : so that the opening closing are regulated at will . The

- inlet opening is near to the ceiling, and is furnished with a valve (one of

’

S l . The l heringham s) that is regu ated by a cord in the usual manner out ets ,

D O U B L E V I L L A,

I RIA PARK N HE C O A C S ER. V T , M T

E D W A R D W A L T E R S A R C H T E T M A , I C , N C H E S T E R .

P L A T E S Lx x v r. L X X V I I .

LTH O UGH — the title of these plates, like the front elevation in i the ﬁrst of them , refers to only two houses, the des gn and work

of the architect includes four houses ; of which the arrangement is

- L explained by the block plan in Plate XXVII . This plan shows — in - that there are two similar masses, connected the rear by a screen wall .

E - ach half of the entire group , or each double villa, is the exact counterpart

r of the other and each house is a counte part of that to which it is attached,

— l e — h ff on y that the plans are r versed, excepting t at there is a slight di er

n ﬁr e - - l e ce in certain places in the party wal , and another in the position of — — the entrance gateways to the court yards . The houses were erected in the

1852 in w i r year , Victoria Park , h ch is in one of the southe n suburbs of

Manchester. The locality is rather ﬂat, and without any extensive prospect .

The principal front of the four houses is to the west .

The general decorative character of the design accords with that later

Italian manner wherein the high - pitched roof began to play an important part ; but much of the actual effect of the houses results not only from the

n grouping of the masses, but, in the details, from the decorative treatme t of varied materials ; which include moulded brick for some of the string

- i w - courses, and wood for the main corn ces, as ell as stone for window dress ings and in some other parts .

This example in our series is useful. as showing that a large amount of

ma £2000 accommodation y be provided in a house costing , that is to say, with the prices usual not many years ago .

106 VILLA AN D CO TTAGE A RCHITECTURE

ﬁ l w h - f t e way to the o ces, from the hal , leads into a space in hich are back stairs,

- , , a e and the doors of the kitchen the pantry the main b ck entrance of th house,

- H (the last named down three steps, ) and the way down to the basement . ere

“ ’ L ll r also is a cupboard . eading out from the kitchen is a scu e y, with a cook s closet attached ; and from the scullery there is another way out to the back

f all yard o the house . This description shows that almost requisites of a

- house for a large family of the middle class are provided, and at an outlay i 2 that was small . But everyth ng could not be furnished for £ 000. What the

’

- house most requires, in the opinion of its architect, is a servants hall . The

n l - omissio , so to ca l it, is sought to be remedied by a hot plate, which there — - is in the scullery, for summer use . It is placed behind the kitchen grate, and relieves the kitchen somewhat from heat of cooking.

t in 11 3 The heigh the clear, on this ﬂoor, of the principal rooms, is feet 1 2 inches ; whilst the height in the case of the ofﬁces is 0 feet inches . The

principal staircase is shown separately, by two sections ; which will greatly assist comprehension of the relation between the upper storeys and the lower. It is

- - lighted partly from the top, and partly by two side windows in the attic storey.

w - e . The yard has a large archway of entranc to it, ith folding gates In the yard are various conveniences .

— PR IN C IPA L CH A MBE R F LOO R The principal stairs from the ground - ﬂoor

u n lead p to a landi g, which may be considered to form part of that of the

- - back stairs; and from it open the doors of one of the bedrooms, the bath room,

’ ﬂoor — and the housemaid s closet . Thence, two steps lead up to the level of the

- s i principal bed rooms . The e rooms, includ ng the nursery, which is for two beds,

— “ — are four in number, one of the four having a dressing room attached . The — bed room last referred to could be the principal one of the house ; and the nur

r sery is close to it . The nursery has one of its windows opening into an exte nal ff loggia, or balcony . These di erent rooms are connected by an arcaded cor

r idor i in . , sim lar to one the storey below, and railed in by a wooden balustrade

W .C . the f. The A t one end of the corridor is a , which is lighted from roo

’ r — housemaid s closet has a bo rowed light from the bath room . The rooms on 11 this ﬂoor are, the front rooms, feet in the clear height, and the back rooms, about 10feet 4 inches . — - R E . h A TTIC STO Y This is reached by the back stairs . T ey communicate

108 VILLA AND CO TTAGE A RCHITECTURE.

whilst the windows of the tower have iron plates (I- inch metal) carrying the 4 brickwork . To each of the gateways there is a strip of lbs lead in the brick work , or covering the extrados of the arch .

The internal partition—walls are of common brickwork of 9 inches thick

: e ness, excepting where support below was wanting in these latt r cases the

— r n ordinary partitions, lathed and plastered on timber qua teri g, are used .

’ ’

The material used in the carpenter s work and external joiner s work, is

” ’ the best crown Baltic timber. The internal joiner s work is of St. John — . The n pine joists are strutted by two rows of herring bone strutti g, with , ordi

m 1 . arily, an iron bolt ( inch), additional, to each room

— All w u - the indows have sashes, do ble hung, in deal cased frames . The

r shutters have already been referred to . The co nice of the room is carried

- w round the recess of the bay indow, which is ﬂanked by pilasters ; and above the window there is an enriched frieze, behind which is a space that — C may serve as a blind box , or for the pole for the urtains, in lieu of the

- i ordinary cornice pole conceal ng a portion of the architecture of the room , w and usually destructive of harmony . The indows of the principal rooms

and the hall, and those of the bedrooms in the front of the house, are glazed — - - 16 . with plate glass . The back windows of the house have oz sheet glass ; and 2 — ’ 6 . C . all the other windows have oz sheet glass, of hance s make l The roofs, arranged as shown in the p ates, are covered with Welsh slates,

- l u the hips and ridges having rebated ridge tiles, and the val eys and g tters

- being lined with lead . The high pitched capping of the tower is ﬁnished with

n E . R . L . a cresti g in galvanized iron, presenting a monogram of the letters those of the proprietor of the buildings . The gutters, with one exception that

- is shown in the transverse section of the staircase, are on the eaves ; and the

- ﬁr simple arrangement of these is explained by a separate detail gu e in Plate

w - ff LXXVII . The do n pipes , however, wherever they would interfere with e ect

. ar e of the fronts, are placed internally Their positions indicated in the plans, — . although , of necessity, slightly

£8000 e The total cost of the four houses was about , exclusiv of screen

- n ma and garden walli g . Thus each house y be said to have been built for the

£2000. sum already mentioned ,

LL A 110 VI A ND COTTAGE ARCHITECTURE.

constructed chieﬂy of timber, and reached by steps . It is lighted by a sky

at O . light, as well as the pen sides It leads into a vestibule ; attached to

- - W . which is a hat and cloak room ; and connected with this are a C . and a second closet . The porch and vestibule are ﬂoored with encaustic tiles . The

- vestibule gives access, by folding doors, to a corridor which bounds one side

e ﬁr e - in of the principal staircase ; where ther is a place, the centre of the — . building From the corridor open out the doors of the drawing room, south ,

’ - k - and — the dining room (two doors), the brea fast room, east, the butler s pantry . — The staircase hall is lighted by a large window, as well as by a small one

’

. A under the stairs door from this hall leads to the servants entrance, — - ﬁ - of ces rt lan kitchen , and back stairs, these occupying a po ion of the p , at the

- n : north west, which includes the projecti g piece already mentioned attached

— - n - to this are the house yard a d out buildings . The drawing room and the

n - - - l di ing room have, each, a bay window ; and the breakfast room has a simi ar

ﬁ- r st n projection, but lighted from the front only . The two mentio ed projections — — are carried up to the chamber storey ; whilst the dining room one is continued

n n - still higher, or to form part of the attic, i cludi g there the smoking room . — in - and The staircase is ﬁnished pitch pine, stained french polished, and has an A ornamental balustrade of the same material . ttached to the kitchen are a

’ scullery and a cook s pantry. The ﬂooring, here, is of black and red tiles . The

ar e r r t - tiled ﬂoors laid on brick arches, ca ried pa ly by an iron girder in the

- Y . case of the kitchen . The yard is paved with orkshire ﬂags The out buildings ’ w — . c. O include places for coals and ashes, and a servants , these pening from the

’

— - W .C . yard, and another , and a gardener s tool house, entered from the stable yard ; which yard and that of the house have communication with the front E garden , by the door which appears in the view . ach portion of the house is

i i n . prov ded w th the requisite fittings, as show in the plans The height from — n —floor - floor the grou d line to the line above, is, in the main portion of the house, 12 6 11 7 11 feet inches, or say feet inches in the clear ; and is in the offices feet

3 10 4 . inches, or say feet inches in the clear

— - - P R I N CIPA L CH A MBER FLO O R . This contains ﬁve bed rooms (one of them — - - lighted by a bay window), a dressing room , the billiard room with large bay — — ’ - closet . a . C . window, a bath room , a linen , house maid s closet, and a w The

- three principal bed rooms are in close connection with the main staircase .

Th e n 10 height of these rooms, in the clear, may be stated as varyi g from feet

112 VILLA AND COTTAGE ARCHITECTURE

4 3 - 9 5 - 12 5 - 8 5 g by , principal rafters by , king pieces by , tie beams by , and

' common - rafters 3by The ridges are covered with blue Staﬂor dshir e tiles ;

the and the hips are covered, and valleys lined, with lead . The general roof

r 16 10 h cove ing is of Bangor slates, each slate inches by inc es . The water from

- — - 3i w - the roof is conducted, chieﬂy by eaves gutters, to nch cast iron do n pipes

n — leading i to earthenware drains, but runs to waste, the supply of water for

- all purposes being obtained from the Manchester Water Works .

The gablets in the north and west fronts have rafters, with moulded ends,

r r l - - and ca ied by corbels ; and they are terminated by ead covered hip knobs . S imilar features to these last, crown the main roofs, excepting in the case

- - of the dormer window of the smoking room, where the terminal is of the same

. i material as the mouldings, or stone The cresting to the roof of the smok ng u — room pavilion is of wro ght iron ; that to the other roofs is of the tile ware .

— : The windows have sashes, double hung these in the principal rooms are

- n glazed with polished plate glass ; a d the lower rooms have shutters .

The entire cost of the house, with its appurtenances, so far as shown in — v o r - n the engra ings, exclusive of stables and of the enclosure walli g of the

— e : garden, was as her stated

Contract- sums

E ca atin andD ains x v g r , ic wo and ason Br k rk M ry, ' Carpente r andJoiner s work (exclusive ofshutters); andincluding

on- i ers Ir g rd , ’ S ate s w o l r rk , min andG az in Plu b g l g,

aste in Stainin a nishin and aintin Pl r g, g, V r g, P g, £2253I7 0

E t as &c. x r , Chimne ieces andGrates y P ,

- t a O namenta aste Wo intin wa s in isteme &c. Ex r r l Pl r rk ; T g ll d p r, ,

E tension ofYa Wa s andO ut- oﬂices : E ca atin ic work x rd ll , x v g, Br k , and ason M ry,

D min G - i e in o se o. and a in with e t a ea h Plu b g l z g ; x r l d p p u ,

Li h tnin - Con cto g g du r,

- ﬁin Gas tt s &c. g , , '

Join r s w ﬁt es &c. e o e t a in sh tte s a so La ato and rk , x r , u r ; l v ry x ur , ,

- Do. in ﬁ e tension of O ut of ces x ,

H ul Ch imn - ie c Dr awin R o om l ye P e. g . ' ' S ection thr o Secuon thr o

H L L C H M E Y - P E C E A I N I .

- - - D R W G R O OM . A N D D R O O M C H M E Y P E C E . A IN ININ G . I N I S

msmAr'chitecta A.8c G; Tha