Trophy Hunting by the Numbers: the European Union's Role in Global

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Trophy Hunting by the Numbers: the European Union's Role in Global Trophy Hunting by the Numbers: The European Union’s role in global trophy hunting Import and Export of CITES listed species between 2014 and 2018 CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 INTRODUCTION ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 9 WHAT ARE HUNTING TROPHIES? ������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 LEGISLATION AND POLICY IN THE EU������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13 THE HISTORY OF TROPHY HUNTING �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 TROPHY HUNTING FROM AN ETHICAL STANDPOINT ������������������������������������������������ 18 TROPHY HUNTING FROM AN ANIMAL WELFARE PERSPECTIVE �������������������������������� 20 INDUSTRY AND SUPPORTERS IN THE EU�������������������������������������������������������������������� 22 BRED FOR SLAUGHTER: CANNED LION HUNTS IN SOUTH AFRICA ��������������������������� 25 CONSERVATION PROBLEMS ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 31 IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF TROPHIES IN AND OUT OF THE EU ������������������������������� 35 METHODOLOGY ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 35 EU ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������36 Country cases ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������39 Austria ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������39 Belgium �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������42 Denmark ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������45 France ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������48 Germany ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������52 Italy ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������56 Poland ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������59 Spain�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������63 Species ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������67 EU overview ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������67 African leopard �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������70 African lion �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������72 African elephant ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������76 Black rhinoceros ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������78 Brown bear ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������80 Grey wolf ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������82 Eurasian lynx ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������84 CONCLUSION��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 87 REFERENCES ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 88 APPENDICES A, B, AND C ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 105 2 Trophy Hunting by the Numbers: The European Union’s role in global trophy hunting brown bear (Ursus arctos), chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) and Dear reader, grey wolf (Canis lupus) are in the top 10. But also the trophies of rhinos, polar bears (Ursus maritimus), walruses (Odobenus The world is regularly shocked by news stories about people rosmarus), narwhals (Monodon monoceros), tigers (Panthera killing wild animals for fun. The dentist who shot Cecil the lion, tigris) and bobcats (Lynx rufus) were amongst them. For this the woman who shot a giraffe and posed for photos holding the report CITES data were analysed, which means that only those giraffe’s heart, the Prince who shot one of the biggest brown mammals listed on CITES during the five years studied (2014- bears in Europe, and the man who snuck up on a sleeping lion in 2018) were includedand this is not an exhaustive list of all mammal Zimbabwe and shot him are recent examples. Unfortunately such species killed or imported to the EU as trophies. One clear example stories about killing are just the tip of the iceberg. of a mammal that is trophy hunted and imported to the EU, but does not appear in this report, is the giraffe (Giraffa giraffa), which Hundreds of thousands of wild animals, including endangered or became CITES-listed only in 2019. threatened species, are slain around the globe by trophy hunters each year. Trophy hunters pay large sums of money to kill wild Opinion polls show that the vast majority of EU citizens surveyed animals for in-home display. They enter their achievements into are clearly against trophy hunting and would like to end this brutal record books kept by trophy hunting membership organizations. industry. A few European countries have already banned the Industry groups like Safari Club International promote the killing imports of animal trophies or are considering it. France banned of wildlife for “sport” by encouraging their members to compete the imports of lion trophies in 2015. In 2016, the Netherlands to win awards. Killing the largest male animal often gets the trophy banned throphy imports of over 200 species. In October 2020, hunter extra points. As we all know, the killing of the largest the Belgian Parliament introduced a legislative proposal to ban animals, who have demonstrated their superior genes by surviving the import of hunting trophies of threatened species. Finnish to become large, undermines the conservation of the species. parliament members presented a motion containing a proposal for a trophy import ban in March 2021. The UK Prime Minister Boris Trophy hunting has little to do with conservation or with Johnson said in February 2020: “We mean to end the import of supporting local communities, as is claimed by its supporters. trophies elsewhere into this country.” It is our hope, therefore, Compared to trophy hunting, wildlife-watching tourism generates that this report will underscore the need for these measures and far more income to support conservation and provides far more other to eventually end not just the import of trophies, but trophy jobs to local people. Trophy hunting is cruel and unethical, run by a hunting all together. ruthless industry that is profiting from organizing hunting trips of rare and magnificent animals. Yours, For many of us it is hard to imagine that this industry has a strong foothold here, in the European Union. But it has: when all animal trophies imported into the member states of the EU are added up, the EU turns out to be the second largest importer of animal trophies in the world (the largest being the US). And over the past Ruud Tombrock years import numbers have only been rising, steadily increasing in (Executive Director for Humane Society International/Europe) the period 2014-2018 by almost 40%. Europeans travel to African countries to shoot lions and rhinos or to Canada to shoot polar bears, bringing home parts of their bodies for display. They travel within EU-borders as well, killing brown bears for example, and importing their head or claws into Germany, Spain, Denmark and Austria mainly: the largest importers within the EU. With the world being in the middle of a biodiversity crisis, it is irresponsible to allow rich elites to shoot endangered species for pure pleasure. Still the EU Member States imported nearly 15.000 trophies of 73 mammal species listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) over five years. Iconic species like the
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