Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND...... ES-1 ES.2 PROJECT PURPOSE, NEED AND OBJECTIVES...... ES-1 ES.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION SUMMARY...... ES-2 ES.4 PURPOSE AND USE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT...... ES-5 ES.5 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT ...... ES-5 ES.6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... ES-6 ES-7 PROJECT BENEFITS ...... ES-7 ES-8 ALTERNATIVES ANALYZED IN THIS DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT...... ES-8 ES-9 ENVIRONMENTALLY SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVE ...... ES-10 ES-10 AREAS OF KNOWN CONTROVERSY / ISSUES TO BE RESOLVED...... ES-12 ES-11 IMPACT SUMMARY...... ES-13

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ------1-1 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE EIR ------1-1 1.3 CEQA REQUIREMENTS ------1-1 1.3.1 Public Scoping...... 1-2 1.3.2 Previous Rail Planning Studies ...... 1-2 1.3.3 Technical Studies of the Project...... 1-2 1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE DEIR ------1-3 1.5 DEIR REVIEW AND PUBLIC COMMENT------1-3

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES, PURPOSE AND NEED...... 2-1 2.2 PROJECT LOCATION ...... 2-2 2.3 CORRIDOR TRANSPORTATION CHARACTERISTICS ...... 2-2 2.3.1 Population and Employment Growth...... 2-2 2.3.2 Travel Patterns ...... 2-4 2.3.3 Existing Transportation Systems...... 2-5 2.4 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT...... 2-7 2.4.1 Formation of the SMART District...... 2-7 2.4.2 Initial Rail Planning Studies...... 2-8 2.4.3 The Sonoma-Marin Multimodal Transportation and Land Use Study ...... 2-9 2.4.4 SMART Commuter Rail Implementation Plan...... 2-9

Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit TOC-1 DEIR November 2005 Table of Contents

2.4.5 Rail/Ferry Connection ...... 2-10 2.4.6 Rail Station Selection and Planning ...... 2-10 2.4.7 Maintenance Facility Planning...... 2-11 2.4.8 Bicycle/Pedestrian Pathway ...... 2-12 2.5 PROPOSED PROJECT COMPONENTS...... 2-12 2.5.1 Rail Operations ...... 2-12 2.5.2 Bicycle/Pedestrian Pathway ...... 2-14 2.5.3 Rail Corridor Description...... 2-18 2.5.4 Rail Stations...... 2-32 2.5.5 Shuttle System...... 2-52 2.5.6 Railway Improvements ...... 2-53 2.5.7 Maintenance Facility ...... 2-59 2.5.8 Security ...... 2-62 2.6 SOUNDWALL REALIGNMENT–CALTRANS HIGWAY 101 WIDENING PROJECT .2-62 2.7 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ...... 2-63 2.7.1 Construction Staging ...... 2-63 2.7.2 Construction...... 2-64 2.8 PROJECT COST ...... 2-66 2.9 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE MEASURES...... 2-66 2.10 PROJECT REVIEW AND APPROVALS ...... 2-70

3. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 3.1 INTRODUCTION------3-1 3.1.1 Assessment Methodology...... 3-1 3.1.2 Key Assumptions ...... 3-4 3.2 GEOLOGY, SOILS AND SEISMICITY------3-6 3.2.1 Regulatory Setting ...... 3-6 3.2.2 Environmental Setting...... 3-6 3.2.3 Significance Criteria...... 3-15 3.2.4 Impact Assessment Methodology...... 3-15 3.2.5 Impact Summary...... 3-16 3.2.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-16 3.3 WATER RESOURCES ------3-21 3.3.1 Regulatory Setting ...... 3-21 3.3.2 Environmental Setting...... 3-24 3.3.3 Significance Criteria...... 3-30 3.3.4 Impact Assessment Methodology...... 3-30 3.3.5 Impact Summary...... 3-30 3.3.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-31 3.4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ------3-35 3.4.1 Regulatory Setting ...... 3-35 3.4.2 Environmental Setting...... 3-36 3.4.3 Significance Criteria...... 3-39

Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit TOC-2 DEIR November 2005 Table of Contents

3.4.4 Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 3-39 3.4.5 Impact Summary ...... 3-40 3.4.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-48 3.5 AIR QUALITY------3-51 3.5.1 Regulatory Setting...... 3-51 3.5.2 Environmental Setting ...... 3-56 3.5.3 Significance Criteria...... 3-63 3.5.4 Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 3-63 3.5.5 Impact Summary ...... 3-67 3.5.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-68 3.6 TRANSPORTATION------3-76 3.6.1 Regulatory Setting...... 3-76 3.6.2 Environmental Setting ...... 3-82 3.6.3 Significance Criteria, Methodology and Projected Ridership ...... 3-92 3.6.4 Future Baseline (No-Project) Transportation Conditions and Assumptions...3-96 3.6.5 Impact Summary ...... 3-99 3.6.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-116 3.7 NOISE AND VIBRATION ------3-124 3.7.1 Background and Characteristics of Noise ...... 3-124 3.7.2 Regulatory Setting...... 3-126 3.7.3 Environmental Setting ...... 3-128 3.7.4 Significance Criteria...... 3-131 3.7.5 Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 3-131 3.7.6 Impact Summary ...... 3-132 3.7.7 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-133 3.8 ENERGY------3-141 3.8.1 Regulatory Setting...... 3-141 3.8.2 Environmental Setting ...... 3-142 3.8.3 Significance Criteria...... 3-143 3.8.4 Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 3-143 3.8.5 Impact Summary ...... 3-145 3.8.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-145 3.9 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES------3-149 3.9.1 Regulatory Setting...... 3-149 3.9.2 Study Methods...... 3-153 3.9.3 Environmental Setting ...... 3-154 3.9.4 Significance Criteria...... 3-172 3.9.5 Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 3-173 3.9.6 Impact Summary ...... 3-174 3.9.7 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-174 3.10 PARKS AND RECREATION------3-188 3.10.1 Regulatory Setting...... 3-188 3.10.2 Environmental Setting ...... 3-190 3.10.3 Significance Criteria...... 3-193

Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit TOC-3 DEIR November 2005 Table of Contents

3.10.4 Impact Assessment Methodology...... 3-193 3.10.5 Impact Summary...... 3-194 3.10.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-194 3.11 LAND USE AND PLANNING------3-196 3.11.1 Regulatory Setting ...... 3-196 3.11.2 Environmental Setting...... 3-201 3.11.3 Significance Criteria...... 3-204 3.11.4 Impacts Assessment Methodology...... 3-205 3.11.5 Impact Summary...... 3-205 3.11.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-207 3.11.7 Project Consistency with Local and Regional Plans...... 3-209 3.12 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SAFETY------3-211 3.12.1 Regulatory Setting ...... 3-211 3.12.2 Environmental Setting...... 3-212 3.12.3 Significance Criteria...... 3-219 3.12.4 Impact Assessment Methodology...... 3-219 3.12.5 Impact Summary...... 3-219 3.12.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-220 3.13 VISUAL QUALITY------3-223 3.13.1 Regulatory Setting ...... 3-223 3.13.2 Environmental Setting...... 3-228 3.13.3 Significance Criteria...... 3-237 3.13.4 Impact Assessment Methodology...... 3-237 3.13.5 Impact Summary...... 3-237 3.13.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-238 3.14 HISTORIC RESOURCES------3-243 3.14.1 Regulatory Setting ...... 3-243 3.14.2 Environmental Setting...... 3-247 3.14.3 Significance Criteria...... 3-253 3.14.4 Impact Assessment Methodology...... 3-254 3.14.5 Impact Summary...... 3-255 3.14.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-255 3.15 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES ------3-259 3.15.1 Regulatory Setting ...... 3-259 3.15.2 Environmental Setting...... 3-261 3.15.3 Significance Criteria...... 3-262 3.15.4 Impact Assessment Methodology...... 3-262 3.15.5 Impact Summary...... 3-263 3.15.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 3-264

Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit TOC-4 DEIR November 2005 Table of Contents

4. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES (INCLUDING THE NO-PROJECT ALTERNATIVE) 4.1 ALTERNATIVES DEVELOPMENT AND SCREENING ------4-1 4.1.1 Previous Studies...... 4-1 4.1.2 SMART Environmental Impact Report Public Scoping ...... 4-5 4.1.3 Alternatives Screened From Further Analysis...... 4-5 4.2 ALTERNATIVES RETAINED FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS IN THE DEIR ------4-8 4.2.1 Roadway Network Assumptions for Alternatives ...... 4-8 4.2.2 Transportation Modeling Results...... 4-9 4.3 NO-PROJECT ALTERNATIVE------4-14 4.3.1 Project Description ...... 4-14 4.3.2 Impacts ...... 4-16 4.4 EXPRESS BUS ALTERNATIVE ------4-20 4.4.1 Project Description ...... 4-20 4.4.2 Impacts ...... 4-26 4.5 MINIMUM OPERABLE SEGMENT (MOS) RAIL ALTERNATIVE ------4-34 4.5.1 Project Description ...... 4-34 4.5.2 Impacts ...... 4-35 4.6 ENVIRONMENTALLY SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVE ------4-39

5. IMPACT OVERVIEW 5.1 SIGNIFICANT UNAVOIDABLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS...... 5-1 5.2 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ...... 5-2 5.3 GROWTH-INDUCING IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 5-3 5.3.1 Corridor Growth Trends...... 5-3 5.3.2 Potential Growth-Inducing Impacts ...... 5-7 5.4 EFFECTS FOUND NOT TO BE SIGNIFICANT...... 5-8 5.5 AREAS OF KNOWN CONTROVERSY / ISSUES TO BE RESOLVED...... 5-9

6. REFERENCES

7. REPORT PREPARATION 7.1 EIR PREPARERS ...... 7-1 7.2 PROJECT SPONSOR...... 7-3 7.3 ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTED ...... 7-4

Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit TOC-5 DEIR November 2005 Table of Contents

APPENDICES A. NOTICE OF PREPARATION AND SUMMARY OF SCOPING COMMENTS ...... A-1 B. SMART TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT POLICIES...... B-1 C. SMART PASSENGER RAIL STATION SUMMARIES ...... C-1 D. LIST OF PROJECTS FOR CUMULATIVE ANALYSIS ...... D-1 E. BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY SCHEMATICS...... E-1 F. SENSITIVE PLANT SPECIES IDENTIFIED IN THE PROJECT CORRIDOR ...... F-1 G. SENSITIVE WILDLIFE SPECIES IDENTIFIED IN THE PROJECT CORRIDOR ...... G-1 H. WETLANDS REPORT...... H-1 I. TRAVEL DEMAND FORECASTING REPORT ...... I-1 J. ASSEMBLY BILL 2224 ...... J-1

ACRONYMS

GLOSSARY

Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit TOC-6 DEIR November 2005 Table of Contents

FIGURES

ES-1 PROJECT LOCATION...... ES-3 2.5-1 TYPICAL BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY ALONG RAILROAD, ILLUSTRATING SETBACK DISTANCE FROM TRACK CENTERLINE TO EDGE OF PATHWAY...... 2-16 2.5-2 BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY SAFETY STRUCTURES...... 2-16 2.5-3 PROJECT CORRIDOR (MILEPOST 85.0 TO 75.0)...... 2-25 2.5-4 PROJECT CORRIDOR (MILEPOST 75.0 TO 65.0)...... 2-26 2.5-5 PROJECT CORRIDOR (MILEPOST 65.0 TO 55.0)...... 2-27 2.5-6 PROJECT CORRIDOR (MILEPOST 55.0 TO 45.0)...... 2-28 2.5-7 PROJECT CORRIDOR (MILEPOST 45.0 TO 35.0)...... 2-29 2.5-8 PROJECT CORRIDOR (MILEPOST 35.0 TO 25.0)...... 2-30 2.5-9 PROJECT CORRIDOR (MILEPOST 25.0 TO 14.0)...... 2-31 2.5-10 STATION AND MAINTENANCE FACILITY LOCATIONS ...... 2-34 2.5-11 EXISTING CLOVERDALE STATION ...... 2-36 2.5-12 HEALDSBURG STATION DESIGN CONCEPT...... 2-36 2.5-13 WINDSOR STATION DESIGN CONCEPT ...... 2-37 2.5-14 SANTA ROSA – JENNINGS AVENUE STATION DESIGN CONCEPT ...... 2-38 2.5-15 SANTA ROSA RAILROAD SQUARE STATION DESIGN CONCEPT...... 2-39 2.5-16 ROHNERT PARK STATION DESIGN CONCEPT...... 2-41 2.5-17 COTATI STATION DESIGN CONCEPT ...... 2-42 2.5-18 PETALUMA CORONA ROAD STATION DESIGN CONCEPT: OPTION 1...... 2-43 2.5-19 PETALUMA CORONA ROAD STATION DESIGN CONCEPT: OPTION 2...... 2-43 2.5-20 DOWNTOWN PETALUMA STATION DESIGN CONCEPT...... 2-45 2.5-21 NOVATO NORTH STATION DESIGN CONCEPT...... 2-46 2.5-22 NOVATO SOUTH STATION DESIGN CONCEPT...... 2-46 2.5-23 MARIN CIVIC CENTER STATION DESIGN CONCEPT...... 2-47 2.5-24 DOWNTOWN SAN RAFAEL STATION DESIGN CONCEPT: OPTION 1...... 2-49 2.5-25 DOWNTOWN SAN RAFAEL STATION DESIGN CONCEPT: OPTION 2...... 2-50 2.5-26 DOWNTOWN SAN RAFAEL STATION DESIGN CONCEPT: OPTION 2 WITH PEDESTRIAN UNDERCROSSING...... 2-51 2.5-27 LARKSPUR FERRY STATION DESIGN CONCEPT...... 2-52 2.5-28 CLOVERDALE MAINTENANCE FACILITY ...... 2-61 2.5-29 WINDSOR MAINTENANCE FACILITY ...... 2-61 2.5-30 RECOMMENDED SOUNDWALL LOCATION ...... 2-63 3.2-1 REGIONAL GEOLOGIC MAP ...... 3-7 3.2-2A GEOLOGIC HAZARDS ...... 3-9 3.2-2B GEOLOGIC HAZARDS ...... 3-10

Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit TOC-7 DEIR November 2005 Table of Contents

3.2-2C GEOLOGIC HAZARDS...... 3-11 3.2-3 REGIONAL FAULT AND SEISMICITY MAP ...... 3-13 3.3-1 100-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD ZONE...... 3-28 3.4-1A LOCATION OF AREAS OF CONCERN ...... 3-45 3.4-1B LOCATION OF AREAS OF CONCERN ...... 3-46 3.4-1C LOCATION OF AREAS OF CONCERN ...... 3-47 3.5-1 PROPOSED PROJECT AREA AIR BASINS...... 3-54 3.6-1 HIGHWAY 101 LOS ANALYSIS SEGMENTS...... 3-84 3.6-2 SIGNIFICANT TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAMMED FOR IMPLEMENTATION BY 2025 IN THE PROJECT CORRIDOR...... 3-98 3.7-1 PROJECT NOISE EXPOSURE IMPACT CRITERIA FOR TRANSIT PROJECTS...... 3-127 3.7-2 NOISE MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS...... 3-130 3.7-3 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT NOISE RANGES ...... 3-134 3.7-4 PROPOSED PASSENGER RAIL NOISE EXPOSURE...... 3-135 3.7-5 MAXIMUM NOISE LEVELS 50 FEET FROM VARIOUS VEHICLE TYPES ...... 3-136 3.7-6 TYPICAL TRAIN HORN NOISE IMPACT DISTANCE FROM GRADE CROSSING ...... 3-137 3.8-1 STATE OF CALIFORNIA FUEL CONSUMPTION TREND ...... 3-143 3.13-1 VISUAL ANALYSIS AREAS ...... 3-229 4.4-1 EXPRESS BUS ALTERNATIVE: EXPRESS BUS STOPS ...... 4-24 4.4-2 EXPRESS BUS ALTERNATIVE: SUPER EXPRESS BUS STOPS...... 4-25 5.3-1 POPULATION AND PROPOSED RAIL STATIONS IN SONOMA AND MARIN COUNTIES...... 5-6

Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit TOC-8 DEIR November 2005 Table of Contents

TABLES

ES-1 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ...... ES-14 2.5-1 PROPOSED DAILY STATION STOPS ...... 2-13 2.5-2 ESTIMATED INTER-STATION RUN TIMES...... 2-14 2.5-3 PROPOSED BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY ...... 2-15 2.5-4 PROPOSED BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY SETBACKS...... 2-17 2.5-5 PROPOSED RAIL STATIONS...... 2-33 2.5-6 PROPOSED SHUTTLE SERVICE ...... 2-53 2.5-7 AT-GRADE PUBLIC ROAD CROSSING UPGRADES ...... 2-56 2.5-8 BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY BRIDGE LOCATIONS...... 2-58 2.10-1 PROJECT APPROVALS AND PERMITS...... 2-70 3.2-1 MAJOR NAMED FAULTS CONSIDERED TO BE ACTIVE IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA...... 3-14 3.2-2 HISTORIC EARTHQUAKES IN REGION GREATER THAN MAGNITUDE 5.0...... 3-14 3.3-1 WATERBODIES WITHIN THE PROPOSED PROJECT AREA ...... 3-26 3.3-2 DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER (SELECTED LOCATIONS) ...... 3-29 3.3-3 POTENTIAL FLOODPLAIN IMPACTS ON PROPOSED NEW STATIONS...... 3-34 3.4-1 REGULATORY SEARCH DATABASE, SEARCH RADII AND NUMBER OF PROPERTIES IDENTIFIED IN STUDY AREA ...... 3-37 3.4-2 SUMMARY OF AREAS OF CONCERNS...... 3-41 3.5-1 STATE AND FEDERAL CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANT STANDARDS, EFFECTS AND SOURCES...... 3-52 3.5-2 SUMMARY OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING DATA FOR THE STUDY AREA, 2002-2004...... 3-60 3.5-3 ESTIMATED EXISTING MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION IN THE STUDY AREA IN 2000 (IN POUNDS/DAY) ...... 3-61 3.5-4 SENSITIVE RECEPTOR LOCATIONS WITHIN ¼ MILE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 3-62 3.5-5 AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM STUDY AREA MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC AND DMUs WITHIN THE BAY AREA AIR BASIN (IN POUNDS/DAY) ...... 3-70 3.5-6 AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM STUDY AREA MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC AND DMUs WITHIN THE NORTH COAST AIR BASIN (IN POUNDS/DAY) ...... 3-70 3.5-7 NET DIFFERENCE IN AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN THE BAY AREA AIR BASIN (BASED ON A COMPARISON OF 2025 WITH PROJECT AND 2025 NO-PROJECT) (IN POUNDS/DAY)...... 3-71 3.5-8 NET DIFFERENCE IN AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS IN THE NORTH COAST AIR BASIN (BASED ON A COMPARISON OF 2025 WITH PROJECT AND 2025 NO-PROJECT) (IN POUNDS/DAY) ...... 3-71 3.5-9 CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM STUDY AREA MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC AND DMUs WITHIN THE BAY AREA AIR BASIN (IN POUNDS/DAY) ...... 3-72

Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit TOC-9 DEIR November 2005 Table of Contents

3.5-10 CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM STUDY AREA MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC AND DMUs WITHIN THE NORTH COAST AIR BASIN (IN POUNDS/DAY) ....3-72 3.5-11 ROPOSED PROJECT DIESEL PM CONCENTRATIONS AND CANCER RISK...... 3-74 3.6-1 LEVEL OF SERVICE CRITERIA FOR ROADWAY SEGMENTS...... 3-77 3.6-2 LEVEL OF SERVICE CRITERIA FOR SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS...... 3-78 3.6-3 EXISTING HIGHWAY 101 LEVELS OF SERVICE (2000) ...... 3-85 3.6-4 PRINCIPAL STATION ACCESS ROADWAYS EXISTING (2000) LEVELS OF SERVICE ...... 3-86 3.6-5A GOLDEN GATE TRANSIT BUS SERVICE FOR MARIN AND SONOMA COUNTIES ...... 3-88 3.6-5B LOCAL BUS SERVICE FOR SONOMA COUNTY ...... 3-89 3.6-5C PARK-AND-RIDE LOTS ALONG PROPOSED PROJECT CORRIDOR IN MARIN AND SONOMA COUNTIES ...... 3-90 3.6-6 ESTIMATED VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED (VMT) AND VEHICLE HOURS TRAVELED (VHT) FOR SONOMA AND MARIN COUNTIES ...... 3-100 3.6-7A YEAR 2025 HIGHWAY 101 LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY AM PEAK HOUR MIXED FLOW LANES...... 3-102 3.6-7B YEAR 2025 HIGHWAY 101 LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY AM PEAK HOUR HOV LANES...... 3-103 3.6-8A YEAR 2025 HIGHWAY 101 LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY PM PEAK HOUR MIXED FLOW LANES...... 3-104 3.6-8B YEAR 2025 HIGHWAY 101 LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY PM PEAK HOUR HOV LANES...... 3-105 3.6-9A 2025 SCREEN LINE LEVEL OF SERVICE COMPARISON – A.M. PEAK ...... 3-106 3.6-9B 2025 SCREEN LINE LEVEL OF SERVICE COMPARISON – P.M. PEAK ...... 3-107 3.6-10 EXISTING AND 2025 INTERSECTION LEVELS OF SERVICE FOR DOWNTOWN SAN RAFAEL EXISTING CONDITIONS, NO-PROJECT AND PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 3-110 3.6-11 SONOMA COUNTY TRANSIT BUS ROUTES PRESENTLY SERVING PROPOSED RAIL STATION SITES...... 3-113 3.6-12 ESTIMATED PARKING USE AT PROPOSED STATIONS...... 3-114 3.7-1 TYPICAL NOISE LEVELS...... 3-125 3.7-2 FHWA NOISE ABATEMENT CRITERIA...... 3-127

3.7-3 EXISTING MEASURED LDN NOISE LEVELS...... 3-129 3.7-4 MEASURED NOISE LEVELS FOR DMU VEHICLES AND A TYPICAL LOCOMOTIVE..3-132 3.7-5 TRAIN HORN IMPACTS AT GRADE CROSSINGS...... 3-139 3.8-1 GASOLINE CONSUMPTION IN SONOMA AND MARIN COUNTIES, 2000-2002...... 3-142 3.8-2 OPERATIONAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES ...... 3-144 3.8-3 INDIRECT ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES...... 3-145 3.8-4 ESTIMATES OF INDIRECT ENERGY CONSUMPTION ...... 3-146 3.8-5 ESTIMATES OF DIRECT ENERGY CONSUMPTION ...... 3-147

Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit TOC-10 DEIR November 2005 Table of Contents

3.9-1 TYPE AND EXTENT OF PLANT COMMUNITIES WITHIN THE PROJECT CORRIDOR...... 3-155 3.9-2 EXTENT OF PLANT COMMUNITIES AT NEW STATION AND MAINTENANCE FACILITY SITES...... 3-156 3.9-3 SPECIAL STATUS PLANT SPECIES WITH POTENTIAL TO OCCUR IN THE PROJECT AREA...... 3-162 3.9-4 SPECIAL STATUS ANIMAL SPECIES WITH POTENTIAL TO OCCUR IN THE PROJECT AREA...... 3-166 3.9-5 PRESENCE OF SALMONID FISHES IN STREAMS IN THE PROJECT STUDY AREA ...... 3-171 3.9-6 EXTENT OF LONG-TERM IMPACTS ON PLANT COMMUNITIES IN THE PROPOSED PROJECT CORRIDOR ...... 3-177 3.10-1 PARKS AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES WITHIN 1/4 MILE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ALIGNMENT...... 3-192 3.11-1 LAND USES IN SONOMA AND MARIN COUNTIES, 2000...... 3-201 3.11-2 EXISTING LAND USE WITHIN ½ MILE OF PROPOSED STATIONS (2000 – 2005)(ACRES)...... 3-203 3.11-3 ZONING AT PROPOSED STATION SITES...... 3-204 3.11-4 PROPERTY ACQUISITIONS FOR RAIL STATIONS...... 3-206 3.11-5 PROPERTY ACQUISITIONS FOR THE BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN PATH ...... 3-206 3.12-1 FIRE STATIONS WITHIN ONE MILE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT CORRIDOR ....3-214 3.12-2 GRADE CROSSING ACCIDENTS IN CALIFORNIA AND UNITED STATES...... 3-217 3.12-3 ACCIDENTS PER MILLION TRAIN MILES (MTM) ...... 3-218 3.12-4 UNITED STATES FATALITIES: PASSENGER RAIL VS VEHICLES (AUTO/TRUCK), 2003...... 3-218 3.14-1 HISTORIC RESOURCES IN OR ADJACENT TO THE PROJECT CORRIDOR OR PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS...... 3-247 4.1-1 ALTERNATIVES DEVELOPMENT...... 4-2 4.2-1 ESTIMATED VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED (VMT) AND VEHICLE HOURS TRAVELED (VHT) FOR SONOMA AND MARIN COUNTIES...... 4-9 4.2-2A YEAR 2025 HIGHWAY 101 LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY – A.M. PEAK HOUR, MIXED FLOW LANES...... 4-10 4.2-2B YEAR 2025 HIGHWAY 101 LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY – A.M. PEAK HOUR, HOV LANES...... 4-11 4.2-3A YEAR 2025 HIGHWAY 101 LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY – P.M. PEAK HOUR, MIXED FLOW LANES...... 4-12 4.2-3B YEAR 2025 HIGHWAY 101 LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY – P.M. PEAK HOUR, HOV LANES...... 4-13 4.3-1 ESTIMATES OF INDIRECT ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN YEAR 2025...... 4-18 4.3-2 ESTIMATES OF DIRECT ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN YEAR 2025 ...... 4-19 4.4-1 AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM STUDY AREA MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC WITHIN THE BAY AREA AIR BASIN (IN POUNDS/DAY) ...... 4-28

Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit TOC-11 DEIR November 2005 Table of Contents

4.4-2 AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM STUDY AREA MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC WITHIN THE NORTH COAST AIR BASIN (IN POUNDS/DAY) ...... 4-29 4.4-3 COMPARISON OF EXPRESS BUS IN-VEHICLE TRAVEL TIME WITH PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 4-31 4.5-1 AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM STUDY AREA MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC AND DMUS WITHIN THE BAY AREA AIR BASIN (IN POUNDS/DAY) ...... 4-36 4.6-1 ALTERNATIVES IMPACT COMPARISON ...... 4-42 5.3-1 EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATION, 2000 ...... 5-4 5.3-2 POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS, 2000 – 2025 ...... 5-4 5.3-3 POPULATION GROWTH TRENDS, 1990 – 2000...... 5-5

Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit TOC-12 DEIR November 2005