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Issues in Autonomous Vehicle Testing and Deployment
Issues in Autonomous Vehicle Testing and Deployment Updated April 23, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45985 SUMMARY R45985 Issues in Autonomous Vehicle Testing and April 23, 2021 Deployment Bill Canis Autonomous vehicles have the potential to bring major improvements in highway safety. Motor Specialist in Industrial vehicle crashes caused an estimated 36,096 fatalities in 2019; a study by the National Highway Organization and Business Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has shown that 94% of crashes involve human error. For this and other reasons, federal oversight of the testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles has been of considerable interest to Congress. In the 115th Congress, autonomous vehicle legislation passed the House as H.R. 3388, the SELF DRIVE Act, and a separate bill, S. 1885, the AV START Act, was reported from a Senate committee. Neither bill was enacted. Comprehensive legislation concerning autonomous vehicles was not introduced in the 116th Congress, but the America’s Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019, S. 2302, which was reported by the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, would have encouraged research and development of infrastructure that could accommodate new technologies such as autonomous vehicles. Comprehensive legislation has not been introduced in the 117th Congress as of the date of this report. In recent years, private and government testing of autonomous vehicles has increased significantly, although it is likely that widespread use of fully autonomous vehicles—with no driver attention needed—lies many years in the future. The pace of autonomous vehicle commercialization was slowed after to the 2018 death in Arizona of a pedestrian struck by an autonomous vehicle, which highlighted the challenges of duplicating human decisionmaking by artificial intelligence. -
Automated Driving Activities in the U.S
AUTOMATED DRIVING ACTIVITIES IN THE U.S. A PARTIAL REPORT JANE LAPPIN CHAIR, TRB STANDING COMMITTEE ON VEHICLE HIGHWAY AUTOMATION APRIL 19, 2021 EUCAD- VIRTUALLY BRUSSELS WHAT NATIONAL POLICIES AND ACTIONS CAN ACCELERATE DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT? • Structural safety standards for new vehicle designs • Data exchange standards • Safe driving integration, by ODD, vehicle size/type • Public acceptance • Built infrastructure • ReMote operations • • Machine-readable signage Consistent national regulations • Procedural safety • Digital short-range communications • Platooning • Road operations • Planning • Ethics • Sensors/enabling technologies • Liability • Equity • Internal and external vehicle communications • Investment in Innovation* • Accessibility • Multi-sector Pilots • Personal security • Public deMonstrations • Cybersecurity • Test beds INDICATORS OF HEALTHY INNOVATION: AS OF FEBRUARY 25, 2021, CA DMV HAS ISSUED AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TESTING PERMITS (WITH A DRIVER) TO THE FOLLOWING 56 ENTITIES: • AIMOTIVE INC • RENOVO.AUTO • Qcraft.ai • • • AMBARELLA CORPORATION RIDECELL INC • LEONIS TECHNOLOGIES QUALCOMM TECHNOLOGIES, • INC • APEX.AI SUBARU • LYFT, INC • TELENAV, INC. • APPLE INC • BOX BOT INC • MANDO AMERICA CORP • • TESLA • ARGO AI, LLC CONTINENTAL • MERC BENZ • • TOYOTA RESEARCH INSTITUTE • ATLAS ROBOTICS, INC CRUISE LLC • NIO USA INC. • • UATC, LLC (UBER) • AURORA INNOVATION CYNGN INC • NISSAN • DEEPROUTE.AI • UDACITY • AUTOX TECHNOLOGIES INC • NURO, INC • • Udelv, Inc • BAIDU USA LLC DELPHI • NVIDIA CORPORATION • • VALEO NORTH AMERICA, -
Provisional Injunctive Relief Under the UTSA and the DTSA in Federal Court New Product Cases
Science and Technology Law Review Volume 23 Number 2 Article 3 2020 Provisional Injunctive Relief Under the UTSA and the DTSA in Federal Court New Product Cases Richard F. Dole, Jr. Univerisity of Houston Law Center, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/scitech Part of the Computer Law Commons, Intellectual Property Law Commons, Internet Law Commons, and the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation Richard F Dole,, Provisional Injunctive Relief Under the UTSA and the DTSA in Federal Court New Product Cases, 23 SMU SCI. & TECH. L. REV. 127 (2020) https://scholar.smu.edu/scitech/vol23/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Science and Technology Law Review by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. Provisional Injunctive Relief Under the UTSA and the DTSA in Federal Court New Product Cases Richard F. Dole, Jr.* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ......................................... 128 II. FEDERAL RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 65 ............ 131 A. Procedural Requirements .............................. 131 B. Discretionary Requirements ............................ 133 III. THE WAYMO CASE ...................................... 136 A. Background ........................................... 136 B. Lessons from the Waymo Case ......................... 141 1. The Importance of the Unchallenged Evidence that Levandowski had Downloaded Without Authorization Over 14,000 Files of Waymo’s Driverless Vehicle Research.......................................... 141 2. Judge Alsup’s Refusal to Draw Negative Inferences from Levandowski’s Claim Over 400 Times of the Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self- Incrimination ..................................... 141 3. The Adequacy of Waymo’s Remedy at Law ....... -
2021 Tech M&A Outlook: Internet of Things
2021 Tech M&A Outlook: Internet of Things Analysts - Christian Renaud, Rich Karpinski, Katy Ring, Brian O’Rourke, Johan Vermij, Mark Fontecchio, Jonathan Stern Publication date: Thursday, February 18 2021 Introduction Semiconductor activity contributed to a strong year for IoT dealmaking in 2020, followed by a flurry of consolidation in the healthcare, transportation, manufacturing and wireless sectors. According to 451 Research's M&A KnowledgeBase, the total value of IoT acquisitions rose to nearly $69bn from $8bn in 2019. Transaction volume was down slightly to 125 prints from the 2019 record of 139 purchases. Even backing out the $33.5bn NVIDIA-Arm pairing, total deal value was over four times the prior year. M&A activity was concentrated in a small handful of verticals as businesses sought to digitize. Spurred by a global health crisis, healthcare technology-related transactions led in volume with 24 acquisitions totaling over $19bn, or 20% of all deals in the year. There was continued enthusiasm for the transportation sector, with 13 transactions in both commercial and consumer transportation totaling over $5.8bn, including four rather large LiDAR special-purpose acquisition company (SPAC) deals. This transportation number does not include the acquisition in December of Uber's Advanced Technology Group by Aurora Innovation for a reported $4bn and is also not reflected in the $66bn in total IoT transactions. Healthcare and transportation were followed by manufacturing and industrial (13 prints, $5bn) and wireless-related firms (sensors and infrastructure), with 13 deals totaling $41m. This export was generated by user [email protected] at account S&P Global on 6/24/2021 from IP address 168.149.160.75. -
Attracting Business
Pittsburgh’s Next Big Win? BUSINESS ATTR ACTING Spring 2018 Industry Intelligence. Focused Legal Perspective. HIGH-YIELDING RESULTS. Meet our construction attorneys at babstcalland.com. Whether it’s negotiating a construction contract, litigating a mechanics’ lien or bond claim, resolving bid protests or dealing with delay, inefficiency, or acceleration claims, we help solve legal problems in ways that impact your business and add value to your bottom line. PITTSBURGH, PA I CHARLESTON, WV I STATE COLLEGE, PA I WASHINGTON, DC I CANTON, OH I SEWELL, NJ Babst_Construction_DEVPGH_8.625x11.125.indd 1 8/16/16 6:52 AM CONTENTS | Spring 2018 31 Development 05 President’s Message Project Hazelwood Green 41 Developing Trend Landscape of Public Subsidy for Development 45 Eye On the Economy 50 Office Market 06 Feature Update The Business of Attracting Business Jones Lang LaSalle 53 Industrial Market Update Newmark Knight Frank 56 Capital Market Update 61 Legal / Legislative Outlook Contract Termination: Don’t 19 2017 NAIOP Pittsburgh Awards Make a Bad Situation Worse 64 Benchmarks Handicapping and Recapping the Amazon HQ2 Response 67 Voices Tax Cuts & Jobs Act of 2017 69 News from the Counties 25 NAIOP Pittsburgh 80 People / Events Reflections on 25 years www.developingpittsburgh.com 3 BURNS WHITE CENTER Oxford Development Thanks NAIOP for Awarding Best Mixed Use Project 2555 SMALLAMAN We also want to thank our partners: Carl Walker Jeff Kumar McCaffery Langan The YARDS Chuck Local Trade Rycon Taylor Hammel Unions Scalo Solar Structural Engineers ERECT Funds Loftus Strip District Evolve Engineers Neighbors WTW 2501 SMALLMAN The HUB The YARDS Real Estate Development | Project Management | Property Management | Leasing & Brokerage | Investment Advisory | Energy Management PUBLISHER Tall Timber Group President’s Message www.talltimbergroup.com EDITOR Jeff Burd I am very fortunate and pleased to be nominated for “2017 Best Education 412-366-1857 able to serve in my second year as Event” through NAIOP Corporate and [email protected] NAIOP Pittsburgh president. -
A Legacy Building
Growing into entrepreneurship Eight skills every entrepreneur needs to develop for business BUILDING TURNING A LEGACY ZEYAD HEADS AL JAIDAH HARMEEK SINGH Techno Q co-founder The founder and Chairman and Managing Director on of Plan b is all about what goes into making differentiating his brand- a business successful and always staying ahead of the game for the long term NOT ALL ABOUT THE CLICKS THE CASE FOR RETAIL BUSINESSES TO HAVE A BRICK AND MORTAR PRESENCE (EVEN IN THE ECOMMERCE ERA) 9 772312 595000 > MARCH 2017 | WWW.ENTREPRENEUR.COM/ME | QAR15 AKB_10th anvrsry_215X27_Eng _AD_FA.pdf 1 1/22/17 3:09 PM C M Y CM MY CY CMY K MARCH 2017 CONTENTS 20 Zeyad Al Jaidah, co-founder and Managing Director, Techno Q 20 24 28 32 INNOVATOR: INNOVATOR: INNOVATOR: ‘TREPONOMICS: Building a legacy Turning heads Mastering marketing PRO Techno Q co-founder and Plan b founder and Nadim Ghrayeb, Regional The pursuit of happiness Managing Director Zeyad chairman Harmeek Singh Sales and Marketing Bayt.com’s Suhail Al Jaidah on what goes into on how he ensures his Manager, Cadillac Middle Al-Masri busts the making a business successful enterprise stands out in a East, on the brand’s myths associated with for the long term. competitive market. transformation in terms of keeping your employees its image and ideals. happy at work. 36 74 ‘TREPONOMICS: START IT UP: MARKETING ECOSYSTEM Redefining influencer Turning digital dreams into marketing reality Edelman’s Director of Qatar’s Digital Incubation Digital –MEA Ema Linaker Center is leaving no stone explains why influencer unturned in helping marketing in the MENA tech entrepreneurs in region has to grow up in the country launch their 2017. -
Autonomous Vehicles Future: Driverless Cars
Executive Insights Volume XIX, Issue 58 Mapping the Road to Autonomous Vehicles There’s no doubt that over the long term, 3. Industrial: Discovering and organizing the right business autonomous vehicles (better known as self-driving model to produce a commercially viable product cars), combined with electrification and shared While these challenges are significant, they will eventually be overcome. The path forward on No. 3 in particular (creating mobility, will have a massive impact on society. a business model to produce a sellable product) is just becoming clear. Many pundits debate the extent and speed of the expected effects. Will autonomy act as a “lighter fluid” for the spread of shared mobility services? How soon will urban real estate Figure 1 developers be freed from the need to provide space for parking? SAE International’s definitions of automation levels for on-road vehicles What will the impact on logistics do to retail? We like to say that these potential long-term effects depend on • Level 0: No automation (full driver control) how we get “from 1 to 100” — that is, from the launch of self- • Level 1: Driver assistance (vehicle controls either driving cars to a day when autonomous mobility is ubiquitous. steering or speed under certain conditions) But while prognostication is fun, the map to that destination is still far from clear. • Level 2: Partial automation (vehicle controls both steering and speed under certain conditions) What is becoming clearer, however, is the first leg of the journey, • Level 3: Conditional automation (total vehicle control or how we get “from 0 to 1” — from where we are today to the with expected human intervention) successful commercialization of the first fully self-driving vehicle. -
Nevada Supply Chain Analysis
Financial Advisory Gaming & Hospitality Public Policy Research Real Estate Advisory [Year] Regional & Urban Economics NEVADA COVID-19 COORDINATED ECONOMIC RESPONSE PLAN: SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS PREPARED FOR THE: & DECEMBER 2020 Prepared By: & 7219 West Sahara Avenue Spatial Economic Concepts Suite 110-A Las Vegas, NV 89117 Main 702-967-3188 www.rcgecon.com December 31, 2020 Mr. Michael Brown Executive Director Governor’s Office of Economic Development State of Nevada 808 W. Nye Lane Carson City, Nevada 89703 Re: Nevada COVID-19 Coordinated Economic Response Plan: Supply Chain Analysis (“Study/Report”) Dear Mr. Brown: The Consulting Team (“CT’) of RCG Economics LLC (“RCG”) and Spatial Economic Concepts (“SEC”) is pleased to submit the referenced study to the Governor’s Office of Economic Development (“GOED”) and the Nevada State Treasurer’s Office (“STO”) relative to the Nevada COVID-19 Coordinated Economic Response Plan by the State of Nevada (“the State or Nevada”) for an analysis of Nevada’s supply chain and last-mile delivery services in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to GOED: “The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a number of adverse effects on the State of Nevada’s economy, as the State has been faced with disruptions to existing supply chain infrastructure. The strain placed on the supply chain throughout the public health emergency has resulted in significant delays for the delivery of essential products and lifesaving prescription medications for Nevada residents.” This Study focuses on the steps that Nevada can take to improve its supply chain infrastructure to adequately respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and contains the following elements. -
Argo AI to Invest $15M in Research Lab at CMU
REPRINTED FROM THE PRINTED PAGES OF THE TUESDAY, JUNE 25, 2019 Argo AI to invest $15M in research lab at CMU By Courtney Linder Pittsburgh Post-Gazette The buzzy self-driving car startup in which Ford invested $1 billion two years ago - Strip District-based Argo AI - announced Monday that it’s making a financial promise of its own: committing $15 million to Carnegie Mellon University to establish an on-campus research hub. Aptly named the “Carnegie Mellon University Argo AI Center for Autonomous Vehicle Research,” the hub will be dedicated to at least five years of deep exploration into some of the greatest challenges for self-driving cars. At the moment, this mostly includes advanced perception research, which helps vehicles “see” obstacles on the road, and vastly improved decision- making algorithms that help the cars’ Courtesy of Carnegie Mellon University internal computers manage various Argo AI has committed $15 million over five years to establish a research lab on CMU courses of action they may take, opting campus. for the safest one. Deva Ramanan, an associate professor in the Robotics Institute who also serves as machine learning lead at A young startup grows up A lot has changed since then. Argo AI, will lead the new Argo lab. Argo AI CEO Bryan Salesky is a Due in large part to early research Argo AI isn’t the only company Pittsburgh native. From a young age, like the Terregator, there is now a experimenting with autonomous he recalls the city being the epicenter blossoming self-driving industry in vehicles on campus, though. -
Engaging Drivers and Law Enforcement
SM Governors Highway Safety Association ® The States’ Voice on Highway Safety Automated Vehicle Safety Expert Panel: Engaging Drivers and Law Enforcement AUGUST 2019 www.ghsa.org MADE POSSIBLE BY A GRANT FROM Table of Contents Introduction 1 Brief Background on Automated Vehicles 1 The Role of State Highway Offices 4 State Behavioral Highway Safety Programs and Partnerships 4 State Highway Safety Offices and Automated Vehicles 5 Current State Automated Vehicle Activities 6 Legislation 6 Testing and Deployment 6 Automated Vehicles and State Highway Safety Offices: Challenges and Recommendations 8 Challenges Involving Automated Vehicle Policy 8 Challenges Involving the Public 9 Public Information Recommendations for SHSOs and Other Stakeholders 10 Automated Vehicles and Law Enforcement: Challenges and Recommendations 13 Challenges Involving AV Policy 13 Challenges Involving AV Operations 14 Operational Recommendations for Law Enforcement and SHSOs 16 Major Themes and Conclusions 17 Summary of Recommendations for State Highway Safety Offices, Law Enforcement, and GHSA 18 References 20 Appendix 23 Agenda 23 Goals 23 Attendee List 24 The report was overseen by GHSA Executive Director Jonathan Adkins and Director of Government Relations Russ Martin. Senior Director of Communications and Programs Kara Macek and Communications Manager Madison Forker edited the report. The views and recommendations in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of GHSA, State Farm® or the individuals or organizations represented on the expert Panel. The report was designed by Brad Amburn. Introduction Automated vehicles—vehicles with technology that can perform some or all driving tasks, called AVs for short—already are appearing on our roads. Their presence will expand steadily in the coming years. -
A Behavioural Lens on Transportation Systems: the Psychology of Commuter Behaviour and Transportation Choices
A Behavioural Lens on Transportation Systems: The Psychology of Commuter Behaviour and Transportation Choices Kim Ly, Saurabh Sati, and Erica Singer, and Dilip Soman Research Paper originally prepared for the Regional Municipality of York Region 22 March 2017 Research Report Series Behavioural Economics in Action, Rotman School of Management University of Toronto 2 Correspondence and Acknowledgements For questions and enquiries, please contact: Professors Dilip Soman or Nina Mažar Rotman School of Management University of Toronto 105 St. George Street Toronto, ON M5S 3E6 Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Phone Number: (416) 946-0195 We thank the Regional Municipality of York Region for support, Philip Afèche, Eric Miller, Birsen Donmez, Tim Chen, and Liz Kang for insights, comments, and discussions. All errors are our own. 3 Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 7 2. The Impact of Path Characteristics on Travel Choices ....................................... 9 2.1 Hassle factors – Mental effort and Commuter Orientation ................................... 11 2.2 Perceived Progress towards a Destination ............................................................... 14 2.3 Physical Environment Surrounding the Travel path and The Effect on The Commuter ............................................................................................................................... -
Signature Redacted
Driving Toward Monopoly: Regulating Autonomous Mobility Platforms as Public Utilities By Joanne Wong A. B. in Social Studies Harvard College (2013) Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in City Planning at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2018 ( 2018 Joanne Wong. All Rights Reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT the permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of the thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known pkereafter created. Author Signature redacted ga rdae rtment of Urban Studies and Planning (Signature redacted May 24, 2018 Certified by I Professor Amy Glasmeier Depa rtment of Urban Studies and Planning / Thesis Supervisor Accepted by- Signature redacted Professor of the Practice, Ceasar McDowell MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE Chair, MCP Committee OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Urban Studies and Planning JUN 18 2018 LIBRARIES ARCHIVES Driving Toward Monopoly: Regulating Autonomous Mobility Platforms as Public Utilities By Joanne Wong Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning on May 24, 2018 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in City Planning Abstract Autonomous vehicles (AV) have captured the collective imagination of everyone from traditional auto manufacturers to computer software startups, from government administrators to urban planners. This thesis articulates a likely future for the deployment of AVs. Through stakeholder interviews and industry case studies, I show that there is general optimism about the progress of AV technology and its power to positively impact society. Stakeholders across sectors are expecting a future of autonomous electric fleets, but have divergent attitudes toward the regulation needed to facilitate its implementation.