newnewKE N TA RC H A E ssO LO ll eG e I C At t LS tt O ee C I E rr T Y Issu e num ber 52 Spring 2002 WAR R I O RB U R I A L SF O U N D In side The excavation of a pre-excavation plan of phases 2-3 Late Iro n Age and 3 and 4. Im a g es of England Early Rom an site at In itial resu lts indicate Bill Penn Brisley Farm , woodland clearan ce in the 4- Chilmington G reen, Bronze Age follow ed by a B ooks Ashford, Kent. series of separate enclosures of 5-8 Late Iro n Age date, defined by Rom an In va sion n 1999 Archaeology cu rving ditch e s a n d g u llies Part II South East, th e c o m - and encom passing a num ber 9 mercial con tracts d ivi- of possible rou n d h ou se sites. sion of University During the 1st cen tury BC and Events College London Field into the 1st cen tury AD the 10-11 Archaeology U nit, boundaries of som e of these Notice Board undertook an evaluation ‘enclosures’ w ere re-d efined, 12-13 over an area c.350m by 250m som etimes as many as four Appeals in extent on a site (n o w times, until the neighbouring 14-15 know n as “C hartfields”) locat- enclosure was reach ed and no Library &Seal ed c .3 k m to th e so u th o f further space was available. Village Ashford tow n centre to be In to th is Late Iron A ge 16-17 developed for housing by Ward settled an d cu ltivated land- The Monastic Id ea l Homes. The location is sh ow n scape two high status extend- overleaf. Archaeological work ed inhum ation burials w ere 18-19 on the site has been funded by The late iron age burial cham ber . placed. The first of these ‘war- Letters to the Editor Ward Homes. r i o r-b u rials’ was that of a Local History The site is situ a te d o n which the latest (ph ases 3 an d 4), young adult male with head to 20 poorly drained Weald Clay soils at 38m com pleted on the 15th of February the south, within a possible ‘coffin’ Dave Perkins OD, (TQ 9920 4020). There are no 2002 follow ing eight months of field- and accom panied by a sw ord, spear, rivers in the immediate vicinity, w o rk co vering an area of c.250m by sh ield, brooch, butt beaker, cu p, plate th o u g h it lie s a t th e w a te rsh e d 80m , is th e larg est so far. The an d pig’s h ead. This grave w as betw een the rivers Medway and Stour. machine stripping revealed a spatial- enclosed by a squ are ditch and possibly Immediately to the north-west of the ly extensive, intensively developed covered by a m ound. The second site is a significan t hill form ed fro m an and relatively short-lived Late Iron squ are-d itch ed bu rial was also of a outlier of G reensand. The land has Age site w ith evidence for activity young adult male, head to the north, been ploughed during the last 50 co n tinuing into the early Ro m a n also w ith in a p ossible ‘co ffin’ and years. The W esthaw k Farm early period. Initial p o ttery d a ting sug- accom pan ied by a long sw ord, spear R om an cross-roads settlem en t site , gests occu pation and activity on the and sh ield with one butt beaker, (d ated also w ith evidence for Late Iron A ge site fro m c.200BC to 100A D with evi- 10-30AD ). It appears that this secon d activity, lies c.750m to the east of this dence for a possible Bronze Age field grave, the more monumental of the site. system beneath. Fig. 1 sh ow s the two, becam e the focal point for the cre- Four separate excavations (ph ased ation of a rectangular ditched enclo- with the developm ent program m e) Part of the collection of broken pottery su re w ith an entran ce w ay o n to a lin- have been carried out by A rchaeology found in the graves. ear ditch ed tra ck w a y to th e so u th . South East at the site since 1999, of Large quantities of broken pottery, cre- mated and unburnt animal bone were deposited in the re-cu t sou th ditch es of the two burials and within the ditch es that form ed the sides to the rectangu - Your AGM inform ation lar enclosure. Other significan t (an d Annual Report) is inside deposits o f crem ated animal bone, - we hope to see you there! som e w ithin w hole vessels have been con tinued on page 2 Spring 2002 1 con tinued from page 1 WAR R I O RB U R I A L SF O U N D found outside this rectangular enclo- su re an d it is probable that much of these ‘offering’ deposits d ate to the early R om an period w hen settlem ent FINDS AND activity in the immediate vicinity may have been significan tly reduced. FSTOPS Work on the post- e xc a v a t i o n FINDSAND assessm en t h as com m en ced. The assistance of Ward Homes and their FSTOPS staff (both fro m the m ain office an d FINDSAND on site) is gratefully acknow ledged, as is the advice and assistance of Kent FSTOPS County Council Heritage Conservation FINDSAND Unit and D r. Sue H am ilton of UCL FSTOPS In stitute of Archaeology. FINDS AND In terim Report, February 2002 FSTOPS CASPER JO H N SO N IN S T IT U T E OF ARCHAEOLOGY, UNIVER- FINDSAND SITY CO LLEG E LO N D O N FSTOPS FINDSAND FSTOPS FINDSAND Do you know FSTOPS FINDS AND your f st o p s , FSTOPS focal lengths FINDSAND FSTOPS and filters? FINDSAND housands of listed buildings in The plan of the area Kent are being photographed FSTOPS this sum m er for E n glish FINDSAND Heritage’sImages of England FSTOPS project. B y the end of 2002, a Visitors can sen d their comments to the supplies film & processing. You receive a com prehensive collection of up- project directly through an on-line feed - set of prints an d m aintain copyright of FINDS AND to-th e-m inute images of Kent’s bu ilt back form . you r w ork, while E nglish H eritage FSTOPS heritage w ill form one of the world’s maintains usage of the digital images for largest free on-line picture libraries. The Could you help? the website. FINDSAND project is ru n b y th e N ational F o r m o re d etails con tact Jan Foster FSTOPS M onum ents R ecord , the public arch ive Volunteers are needed in Ashford, on 01793 414643 or em ail ioevolun - of English H eritage, and aims to m ake FINDSAND Canterbury, Dover, Maidstone, Shepw ay, teers@ rchm e.co.uk or write to her at: inform ation and images of England’s Sw ale, Thanet and Tunbridge Wells. You Im a g es o f England Project, English FSTOPS 370,000 listed buildin gs accessible via will be are asked to attend a briefing ses- Heritage, NM R, Kemble Drive, Sw indon FINDSAND the internet. sion held at a venue close to w here you SN 2 2G Z live, w here you w ill be given advice on FSTOPS Listed buildings in Kent to be pho- photographing listed buildings and Below , left and right: som e of the fascinating subjects already in the collection. FINDS AND tographed include: identifying them in the field. Y ou w ill Cannon on plinth, Maidstone photograph buildings in your local FSTOPS Hubert Fountain, Vi c t o r i a parish using a 35mm cam era, taking one FINDSAND Park, Ashford sh ot of each. Y ou w ill receive a list of The N ew M etropole, FSTOPS buildings the project would like pho- Folkestone tographed and a m anual with all the FINDSAND The Royal Oak Hotel, ‘do’s and don’ts’, also a ph oto-ID card FSTOPS Sevenoaks enabling hom eow ners to identify you. K1 Telephone Kiosk, Nevill The project covers the cost of all reaso n - FINDSAND Gate, Tunbridge Wells able travel expenses and maps and also Monument to 41 K e n t i s h FSTOPS Martyrs, Canterbury Som e of the early images taken fo r Im ages of England are cu rrently disp layed on the project’s prototype w ebsite, www.imagesofeng - land.org.uk . This seek s feedback fro m website visitors w hich w ill help to fur- ther develop the digita l database. Spring 2002 2 Mo re D O YO U R E CO G N ISE TH IS SPO T? my s t e r i e s Please con tact the editor at 55 Stone Street, Tunbridge Wells, Kent TN 1 2Q U e had a fantastic respon se to one of the ‘mystery’ photos in the MYSTERIES last N ew sletter. The ‘ch u rch ’ was of cou rse, AND the Archbish op’s Palace MEMORIES at Charing, as many of you, either through personal experience, or MYSTERIES through reading Sarah Pearson’s AND excellent article in Archaeologia MEMORIES Cantiana, pointed out. Sarah writes “the blocked w indow lies MYSTERIES in the west wall of the hall, the AND wing com ing off the hall is the porch, all of this of early 14th cen - MEMORIES tury date. The octagonal brick MYSTERIES tu rret with white stone quoins is a late 15th cen tury stair tu rret and AND the low buildings (som e of which MEMORIES I have never seen photos of before) are post-medieval farm MYSTERIES buildings; th o se in the fore- AND ground have gone”. MEMORIES We were not so lucky identify- ing the other image; many of you MYSTERIES h ave rem ark ed o n the ‘sign’ and AND tables with seating provided, ask- ing if it cou ld have been a pub. MEMORIES MYSTERIES AND Bill Penn rem e m b e red in Gravesend MEMORIES MYSTERIES e w ere very lucky in sh ow ed trem en d o u s interest in todian of som e of the artefacts G ravesend to have the the excavations at that site. Bill, fro m that time, I d ecided that it AND services of a rem ark ab le a m em ber of the K A S an d would be appropriate to nam e MEMORIES- m an w ho dedicated a Gravesend Historical Society, one of the room s after him. MYSTERIES trem endous am ount of soon took up the ch allenge of sci- And so on the 12th November his tim e and energy to entifically excavating the site and last year a num ber of em inent AND th e ex ca v ations at Springhead. did so in a very thorough m anner archaeologists an d h istorians MEMORIES William S Penn, or Bill to his loyal until his untimely death in 1968. were gathered together to cele- band of am ateur archaeologists, As manager of the M ilton brate the dedication of th e MYSTERIES cam e on the scene in 1950 and Chantry Heritage Centre and cu s- plaque. I w o u ld like to thank AND those members of the KAS w ho cam e to G ravesend and partic- MEMORIES ularly to thank the Society for MYSTERIES th e co n tribution it m a d e tow ards the bronze plaque. AND MEMORIES Alan M Ridgers MYSTERIES The H eritage Centre is open AND from M arch to D ecem ber on MEMORIES w e e kends and W ednesday to Sunday fro m April to Septem ber. Located in th e F o rt G ard en s, Com m ercial Place, G ravesend. Sm all entran ce ch arg e. A visit also affords the opportunity to visit th e N ew T avern F o rt, also open during the summer months.
The photo is of Mrs W G ee, (m arried to Bill at the time of his death), taken at the dedication. Spring 2002 3 ing alread y produced two su ccess- The B ootshoe Boys – Betty New Books fu l histories of the parish es of Coton Borden and Bredgar. 255 pages £9.95 + postage of 87p 0- Canterbury – 2000 Years of long, the book 9502423-9-X History - Marjorie Lyle illustrated with a A fascinatin g accou n t of the Tem pu s Publish ing £15.99 0- mix of ph o- history of the Elham 7524-1948-X tographs and Charity School fro m its A revised edition d r a w i n g s foundation in the 1720’s of this archaeological to th e p resen t d ay. NEW BOOKS history of Canterbury Illustrated w ith m any AND OLD has been launched. The b& w photographs book takes the city’s story and fully indexed. BOOKS from its o rigins around Available from NEW BOOKS 5 0 BC to the Big D ig in Betty C o to n , 10 2001. It is illustrated by 88 Kirb y ’s Lan e, AND OLD b& w maps, diagram s and pic- Canterbury CT2 BOOKS tures, mostly fro m th e 8A G or fro m Canterbury Archaeological all good book- NEW BOOKS Trust’s collections. Its 27 colour sellers. (A lso AND OLD plates provide an overview of this now held in BOOKS unique city’s R om an , Saxo n , a n d the KAS Library Norman, medieval, post-d issolu- is fully – see page 14). NEW BOOKS tion, wartime and modern phases. indexed. The history AND OLD For today’s visitors there is a of the village is traced fro m Com m unity a n d D isu n ity – walker’s map and guide by period the earliest times to the end of the Kent and the English C ivil BOOKS an d an up-to-date reading list. 20th cen tury. Top ics include life W ars 1640-1649 J a c q u e l i n e NEW BOOKS But as they enter the Cathedral on the m edieval manor, paper Eales 1-904163-00-9 they will su rely rem em ber on e mills an d w ater m ills, education, Keith Dickson Books AND OLD colour plate sh ow ing the window - the struggle for su rvival in the £4.99+ £2.00 p& p. BOOKS less n ave piled pulpit-h igh w ith face of motorw ay and 4 local history lec- earth in Septem ber 1939 as Channel Tunnel tures: 1) The Civil War NEW BOOKS ordered by Dean Hewlett Johnson Rail link. There in Kent 2) Tonbridge AND OLD to cushion the crypt and m onu- are chapters on and the Outbreak of BOOKS ments against bom b dam age! th e C u lpeper the English C ivil KAS members can buy the fam ily w ho lived War 3) Thomas NEW BOOKS book at a £2 discou n t either at the at H ollingbourne Wilson an d the AND OLD AGM or by communication direct M a n o r, also ‘Prophane Tow n’ with M a r j o r i e Ly l e @ c a r e 4 f r e e . n e t th e Th om a s of Maidstone 4) BOOKS tel: 01227 765745 or 25 and D uppa The M ost NEW BOOKS Rough Com m on fam ilies. Hated M an in Road, Canterbury Av a i l a b l e Ke n t ? AND OLD CT2 9D L fro m S y n jon R i c h a r d BOOKS Books, 5 C u l m e r Hollingbourne – H o m e s t e a d ( c 1 5 9 7 - 1 6 6 2 ) : NEW BOOKS The H istory of a View , Borden, A Reconsideration. AND OLD Kentish Parish - S i t t i n g b o u r n e Available from K e i t h BOOKS Helen Allinson ME9 8JQ Dick son B ook s, Unit 9 , The Synjon Books £14.00 C h e q u e s Shipyard, U pper Brents, NEW BOOKS inc p& p. 0-904-37306-1 payable to Faversham M E13 7D Z tel: 01795 AND OLD The author is an estab- H .A llin s o n . 597800 lish ed local historian, hav- BOOKS NEW BOOKS AND OLD BOOKS rep u tation as a w ork of reference is in progress on a further 13. NEW BOOKS The for English local history, are now The backlist volum es on K ent being distributed by Boydell & 1-3 (0712906061/07X/088) are AND OLD B rew er Ltd. B egun in 1899, the £35, as are all the other available BOOKS Vic t o r i a publication of about 3 new vol- co u n ties volum es. From the um es each year is gradually creat- beginning of this m on th volum es Hi s t o ry ing an en cyclopaedic history of the cu rren tly distributed by O xford cou n ties. For each cou n ty there is, University P ress w ill be available. of the or is planned, a set of volum es, A com plete list, including the con taining general ch ap ters on tran sferred volum es and forth- Counties su bjects su ch as p rehistory and co m ing new titles is available ecclesiastical and econom ic h isto- fro m : ry, and topographical ch apters giv- Boydell & B rew er Ltd, PO Box of England ing a com prehensive, fully refer- 9, W oodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3D F en ced accou n t of each city, tow n Tel: 01394 411320 e-m ail: All available backlist volum es and village in the cou n ty. 14 cou n - [email protected] w ebsite: in this series, ren o w n ed for its ty sets have been com pleted; work www.boydell.co.uk Spring 2002 4 THE ROM AN INVASION (P A R T T W O )
ROM AN
‘Well you were right Alan, you ‘I see your point.’ from the Somme to Pe v e n s e y IN V A S IO N sa id there would be letters to the ‘A majority verdict is not nec- appears have averaged a m ore ROM AN KAS Newsletter after you r article. essarily the correct one.’ im pressive 4 m ph. This speed , if IN V A S IO N So why so glum ?’ ‘Stop try ing to con fuse the match ed by the R om an fleet, ‘The B redgar coin hoard, no issu e. The specialists w h o h ave would h av e m ean t th ey co u ld ROM AN one mentioned it.’ really studied the problem s h ave have m ade the journey to IN V A S IO N ‘They did in the Kent sh ow n that it had to be a K ent Chich ester in 28 hours.’ Archaeologica l Review and in the landing. You’re sm irking.’ ‘So you don’t believe what sp e - ROM AN KAS Newsletter (N o. 49) there was ‘Yes.’ cialists sa y ?’ IN V A S IO N that letter about the Rom ans pos - ‘Why?’ ‘I didn’t say that. I merely stat- ROM AN sibly landing at Faversham and ‘Specialists’. ed that what one specialist says the letter about the tidal cu rren ts. ‘Yes?’ others will disagree w ith until IN V A S IO N Then you had severa l faxes, letters ‘Yes.’ su ch time that a (tem p o rary) con - ROM AN and debates. Everyone told you ‘Stop being aw kw ard and wipe sen su s d evelops. O nce m ore evi- that you were wrong.’ that stupid sm irk from your face! dence is accu m u lated that con sen - IN V A S IO N ‘True, but no one m entioned What about sp ecialists?’ su s will be ch allenged. That is why ROM AN the Bredgar coin hoard!’ ‘I have been interested in the archaeological interpretations dif- IN V A S IO N ‘They m ade a great point of past for a long time. I d o n ’t have fer depending on w hat book you the hoard at the CKA con feren ce at any speciality b u t I th ink I’ve read . If archaeological interpreta- ROM AN Faversham (April 2001). Yo u learnt a fair am o u n t. One of the tions rem ained static there would IN V A S IO N weren’t there, but a vast majority things I have learnt is that what be no need for any more archaeol- voted in favour of Rich borou gh one specialist puts forw ard anoth- ogy w hether of a rescue or ROM AN being the landing place.’ er specialist will argue against. I’m research n ature and w e could all IN V A S IO N ’What a su rp rise.’ su re there is alread y a specialist or becom e treasure hunters. For the ‘Only four in favour of Su ssex.’ two in S u ssex at this very moment most part specialists are m erely ROM AN ‘I’m am azed it was that many.’ con stru cting argum ents as to why stating their opinions, which may IN V A S IO N ‘You’re just an old misery . The the tides and currents an d m ili- or may not be correct.’ ROM AN vote was overw h elming.’ tary logistics favour, or at least do ‘How long w ill it take for a ‘Yes.’ not ru le out, a ro u te via the large con sen su s to em erge?’ IN V A S IO N ‘That sh ow s the invasion rou te and safe anchorage of Chich ester ‘How long is a piece of string? ROM AN was through Kent.’ h arb o u r. Let’s try to find som e Ten years? Tw enty? Thirty? The ‘Don’t be stupid. Since w hen exam ples, adm ittedly their validi- debate on w hether Rom an tow ns IN V A S IO N do we attem pt to reach con sen su s ty can of cou rse be questioned and w ere a su ccess or failure w ithin ROM AN view s in archaeology based on a there are probably problem s con- Britain con tinues after more than IN V A S IO N dem ocratic vote. Democracy is a cern ing tides, cu rren ts an d types twenty years of debate w ith no very bad form of governm ent...’ of sh ip used about which I kn ow sign of su ch con sen su s em erging. ROM AN ‘You’re a fascist!’ nothing. The Spanish A rm ad a of Let us use the Rom an In va sion as IN V A S IO N ‘Som e, perh aps m ost, of the 1588 sailed the c.280 miles of the our exam ple. As well as the volunteers who work with me on English Channel in nine days. If Rich borou gh and Chich ester land- ROM AN archaeology sites m ay think that allow ance is m ad e for being ing places, the follow ing have also IN V A S IO N and som e of my students certain- becalmed, manoeuvring, fighting recen tly been su ggested either in ROM AN ly do, but I h a d n ’t finish ed the and sailing in close battle order print or verbally; E ssex, Rom ney sen tence. Democracy is a very bad this can be redu ced to (at most) Marsh, Faversham C reek, Conyer IN V A S IO N form of governm ent.... but all the five and a half days with an aver- C reek, Rochester and O tterham others are so much worse. Do you age speed (if my arithm etic is cor- C reek.’ believe in D arwin’s Th eory of rect) of 1.78 m ph. (Y es - I k n ow ‘W ho on earth would w ant to Evolution?’ it’s su pposed to be in knots, but invade Britain via Otterh am ‘Of cou rse.’ that is just too difficu lt for m y C reek? That’s just silly!’ ‘Would it be tru e to say that poor old m athem atically disad - ‘Don’t blam e me! I didn’t su g- most people in W estern E urope vantaged brain). In 1415 the gest it. For all of these places there more or less accept that theory.’’ English fleet sailing from is a d efinite lack of an attribute ‘I would think so.’ Southam pton W ater to the siege know n as evidence, they are merely ‘There are states w ithin the of Harfleur averaged approximate- unproveable ideas, or at least United States of Am erica w h ere ly 1.52 mph. Both of these figures unproveable until su ch time that attem pts have and are being made com pare favourably with the 1.51 large scale excavation is undertak- to stop the teaching of that theory. mph. for a Rom an fleet sailing en. At least for both Rich borou gh States w here the dem ocratic vote fro m B o u logne to Chich ester in and Chich ester H arb o u r there is has put those into pow er who are three days, this n u m ber of days som e ph ysical evidence although possibly even more ‘bonkers’ than being suggested in KA S its proper interpretation can be som e archaeologists I cou ld Newsletter N o 4 9 . However, in debated. Even the various inter- nam e.’ 1066 the N orm an fleet sailing pretations offered fo r th e Spring 2002 5 destro yed N agd en B u m p at inscription fro m the m onum ent. Durobrivae (R och ester), Faversham C reek are at least Therefore we do not know what it Durolevum (O springe), based upon a physical fea tu re commemorated.’ D u ro vern u m (C an terbury) and rather than a philosophical idea. ‘If not the landing place of the Rutupiae (R ich borou gh ). ’What are those interpreta- arm y, what?’ There is a secu re base for the tions?’ ‘The trad itional accou n t has E m p ero r to land and a series of ‘Arth u r P ercival su ggests that been that it w as erected to com - defended supply depots u p to the it is a Rom an beacon site to guide memorate the final con qu est of Tham es.’ ROM AN sh ips. Due to the difficu lty of see- Brita n n ia by the governor ‘Evidence?’ IN V A S IO N ing Faversham C reek from the Agricola in c. AD 86.’ ‘None. Merely an idea. As stat- Sw ale I think this is rather a good ‘But why at Richborough?’ ed in my original article no matter ROM AN idea although I would prefer a ‘Presum ably because at that what gloss is pu t over it, allthe IN V A S IO N medieval con text, when we know date it was the m ain port on the evidence whether docum entary or th ere w as a p o rt at Faversham , Kent coast, which w ou ld be first archaeological is am b iguous or ROM AN rath er than any conjectured seen by visitors, it was propagan- merely personal opinion. We can IN V A S IO N Rom an harbour. Paul Wilkinson da. There is another possibility in put forw ard ideas fro m now until ROM AN would like us to believe it is the that it was commemorating the th e d ay o f judgem ent, b u t th e burial place of Beowulf. Others landing place of Claudius.’ actual physical evidence as to IN V A S IO N who witnessed its destru ction h ave ‘So you are sa y ing the Rom an whether the Roman army first ROM AN stated it was a natural hillock or, arm y landed at Richborough.’ landed in Kent or S u ssex (at least due to the clay pipes noted, of rel- ‘No, I am sa ying that the at the present) is just not there. IN V A S IO N atively modern date; the clay pipes E m p ero r an d h is en tourage m ay Those w ho suggest the classical ROM AN may of course h ave been on the have landed at R ich borough, written evidence is not am biguous IN V A S IO N su rface rather than w ith in the which is a com pletely different have to offer explanations (not matrix of the mound’ thing.’ merely their o p inions) as to the ROM AN ‘So how do we find out its date ‘But why should he land at a validity of the docum ents.’ IN V A S IO N now that the Bum p is destroyed?’ differen t place than the arm y?’ ‘T h ere are the other later doc - ‘ For an early A nglo-Saxo n ‘As stated in my previous arti- um enta ry sou rces that h ave been ROM AN con text at least I w o u ld have cle, because of the elephants. Does quoted to you, Gildas, Bede, IN V A S IO N thought that is a very simple prob- anyone know how m uch dam age Nennius and the Anglo-Saxo n ROM AN lem to resolve. A ssu m ing there’s a sea-sick elephant can do?’ Now Chronicle, all of which p rovide no building on it, and that perm is- there’s a real specialist (exp eri- evidence.’ IN V A S IO N sion can be obtained, just excavate mental?) ch allenge for som eon e.’ ‘All are totally irrelevan t.’ ROM AN the site. With exposure of the area ‘Stop being silly.’ ‘Com e on.’ immediately below and around ‘I think it’s rath er a valid ‘Let’s take these docu m ents IN V A S IO N the Bum p I would be very sur- point. How m any elephants w ere one at a time. Gildas is w riting ROM AN prised if no secu re dating evidence th ere? W ere they all in the sam e som etime in the sixth cen tury, tra- was obtained. Certainly for the sh ip? Were they calm? What hap- ditionally cA D 540, but possibly as IN V A S IO N robbed A nglo -S ax o n b arro w s an d pens if one, two or more elephants early as c.500, he tells us nothing ROM AN the areas around them at Sutton begin to be sea-sick and panic?’ worthw hile. He knows less abou t IN V A S IO N H oo in Suffolk a considerable ‘Do elephants get sick ? L ike the Rom an Invasion than w e do. am ount of evidence w as recov- horses they may su ffer from colic.’ Bede is w riting c.730 and tells u s ROM AN ered. As it has been su ggested that ‘Even worse, the cu re for colic nothing, other than Claudius IN V A S IO N the site h as so m u ch potential I is to keep a horse on its feet and landed and that, “w ithin a few days, am am azed it hasn’t been excavat- walk it around. How do you walk without battle or bloodshed, he received ROM AN ed alread y. If the landow ner is an elephant around a sh ip?’ the su rren der of the greater part the IN V A S IO N reluctant for an excavation to take ‘Oh, you are su ch a pain.’ island.”Totally untru e. N ennius is ROM AN place just bribe him; £3000 ought ‘True; but it is still a valid writing even later in date, early in to be enough, a sm all price for point.’ the ninth cen tury, and tells us that IN V A S IO N Kentish archaeologists to pay if ‘Why?’ Claudius,“fought a great and bloody ROM AN the site is so important. True?’ ‘Let us assu m e that the evi- battle, not without loss to his troops ...’ ‘True. Will you be con tributing dence for a S u ssex landing is The only landing place mentioned IN V A S IO N to su ch a fund?’ valid. The Rom an arm y land in is the Tham es Estuary w hich h e ‘No way.’ S u ssex, defeat the Britons on the associates w ith th e landing of ‘As always you are attem pting River Arun and then march up to Julius Caesar ninety years earlier. to con fuse the issu e again. We are the Tham es, w here they stop and The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle mere- getting aw ay from the point.’ wait for Claudius to arrive. The ly copies and m isqu otes Bede. ‘Me, con fuse the issu e?’ keepers of the elephants want to Then w e have that well know n ‘It h as been pointed ou t that get them across the Channel as chronicle by the sixth/seven th the m onum ental trium phal arch quickly as possible and therefore cen tury saint, Tysillo, Bishop of at Richborough was in the centre a landing was undertaken at Pow ys.’ of the settlem en t and commemo- Rich borou gh . A series of forts ‘Who?’ rated the landing place of the would be con stru cted in Kent ‘You mean to tell me you have Rom an arm y.’ fro m the Tham es down to the never heard of the Chronicle of ‘But this implies we know the coast, not the other way around. Tysiilo, which also tells us that the extent of either the initial military We have no idea w here, nor how Rom ans landed in the Tham es encampment or of the later tow n. many, but let us assu m e they Estuary. If it’s any con solation nei- The w hole point is that because were at Noviom agus (trad itional- ther had I. I’ve been lecturing on erosion has taken place w e have ly Crayford, but long term the fifth, sixth and seventh cen- no way of know ing w here the cen- research by Brian Philp now su p- turies for a decade and had never tre was. Also as far as I am aw are ports West Wickh am ), heard of this ch ron icle. That of there is n ext to no decipherable Vagniacae (S p ringhead), cou rse is a reflection of my pro- Spring 2002 6 found naivety of historical and Hampshire that may have some die in battle we wouldn’t have any archaeological facts.’ bearing on our subject m atter. wars) there is no need to bury ‘’Oh I wouldn’t sa y that Alan. Found at Thruxton Rom an villa in your savings. If you should be so You naive? On anything con n ected the nineteenth cen tury the mosaic pessimistic as to think you are with archaeology or especially has a text around its bord er that going to die - gu ess what - there is archaeologists? H a n g on , you’re may originally have preserved the still no need to bury your savings. having a go at som eon e.’ nam e of the ow ner of the villa. I think this is w h at is called a ‘Little old m e, have a go at The upper line appears to end with “C atch 22” situation. Either way som eon e in Kentish archaeology? the word BODEN I. Not being a you do not need to bury them . You ROM AN Why on earth would anyone want Latin sch olar I am unable to read would want to leave your savings IN V A S IO N to do that?’ all the wording but the similarity to your fam ily or failing that your Yes you ! OK, so tell me about of this one word with the Bodunni com rades. There is n o point in ROM AN the Chronicle of Tysillo.’ mentioned by D io is obvious. Of burying them unless you r fam ily IN V A S IO N ‘Profoundly naive I m ay be. Dio w e can m ake of his w ord s know w h ere they are. Why Profoundly stupid I am not. For a whatever w e w ant, but even so weren’t these su pposed savings in ROM AN sixth/seventh century saint the that mosaic does make one think.’ a bank?’ IN V A S IO N first reference you look up is the ‘In teresting. But there is still ‘What?’ ROM AN great John M o rris’s Age of Arthur the Bredgar coin hoard that you ‘Oh yes, the Rom ans had (a b iased interpretation of the h ave been m oan ing about. This banks. Or failing that why weren’t IN V A S IO N fifth to seventh centuries if ever was left behind by a Rom an officer they being looked after by the reg- ROM AN there was one). M o rris tells u s and show s the battle m u st have imentalsignifer (standard bearer)? Tysillo w as Bishop of Pow ys and been on the River M edway. You’re It was his job, at least in the sec- IN V A S IO N that he planted hedges in north sm irking again. Why? You know ond century and presum ably ROM AN Wales.’ That’s it, end of entry! If som ething. What? T he coins of before, to look after the regimen- IN V A S IO N M o rris d oesn ’t mention a chroni- Claudius were almost new when tal money chest and keep a tally cle w ritten by Tysillo then one buried. Their date? W h at is their on the expenditure of individual ROM AN sh ou ld becom e su spicious of any date? N o! Please n o! The pub - soldiers expenses. By implication IN V A S IO N statem ent that says one existed. A lished date is w ron g? N ot som e - he issu ed receipts. By further process know n as ch ecking is then thing silly like AD 45? implication he could have looked ROM AN undertaken.’ ‘The date is O K . The four after savings as well.’ IN V A S IO N ‘W h ere do you ch eck a W elsh Claudian aurei within the hoard ‘Oh.’ ROM AN ch ron icle?’ are safely dated to betw een the 5 ‘Yes, ‘oh’. The trad itional theo- ‘How about in Wales, with the Jan uary AD 41 and 5 Jan uary AD ry w o u ld have it that an officer IN V A S IO N people w ho reallyknow? Letters 42. The coins are in very fine con- buries his savings just before or ROM AN fro m the University of Wales are dition.’ just after the B attle of the en o u g h to set th is particular ‘What then?’ Medway. Quite why it has to be an IN V A S IO N reco rd straight. There is n o su ch ‘Three points. Tw o are proba- officer I’m not su re, it cou ld be a ROM AN sixth or seventh century source, bly of no significan ce. First, long serving trooper, but that’s a there is a Brut de Tysillo which has although they are in very fine con- minor point. Whoever it was, so IN V A S IO N no connection w ith the saint dition they could have been kept the story goes, is m arch ing along ROM AN whatsoever. This ‘ch ron icle’ is a fif- in a bag for several years prior to with the arm y and wanders aw ay IN V A S IO N teen thcentury abridged copy of the burial. Unlike l y, bu t possible. fro m the invasion route, whether twelfth cen tury History of the Kings Secondly, they cou ld be a late Iro n Watling Street or the Pilgrim’s ROM AN of Britainby Geoffrey o f Age ritual deposit. However, that Way, into the w oods and buries IN V A S IO N Monmouth our very first novelist. is the classic arch aeological get these coins.’ L i ke all good fiction w riters out clause.’ ‘He cou ld have been on patrol.’ ROM AN G eo ffrey p o s s i b l y u ses gen u ine ‘Also n a tive coins would be But why bury the coins?’ IN V A S IO N material within his work, but even expected as well. True?’ ‘They were attacked.’ ROM AN if h e d o es w e a re u n a b le to sepa- ‘True.’ ‘So w hilst his com rades are rate the wheat fro m the ch aff. As ‘T h erefore the interpretation being cut to pieces the first thing IN V A S IO N with the fifth and sixth century that they were buried by a Rom an that com es into the head of our ROM AN events told w ith in the Anglo- officer in AD 43 must also be tru e.’ hero is to bury his savings. Com e Saxon Chronicle w e do not know ‘Not so.’ on!’ IN V A S IO N which m aterial (if any) is based ‘Oh for goodness sake. Why ‘In the Kent Archaeologica l on historical events. Indeed we all not? T h ere is no Iron Age materi - Review the exam ple of a Rom an have to hope that his reco rd (an d al therefore they m ust be buried soldier bu rying his sa vings in the that of the Brut de Tysillo) of events by a Rom an. He is hiding his sa v - Teutoberg Forest h as been m en - for the invasion of AD 43 is incor- ings before the battle.’ tioned, prior to the Rom an defeat.’ rect. Although both w orks tell us ‘Why?’ ‘A hoard of silver coins was that Julius Caesar landed in the ‘Why what?’ found. But how do we know it Tham es Estuary in 54 BC, th e ‘Why is th is R om an officer was a Rom an who buried them ?’ invasion of A D 43 took place via hiding his savings?’ ‘It’s obvious, he wanted to stop Portch ester w ith th e b attle at ‘Because he m ight be killed. them being found by a German.’ Winchester!’ Oh, that doesn’t make sen se. Um m ‘On his dead body?’ ‘That helps a lot!’ - so it would be sa fe and he would ‘Oh, we’re back to that again.’ ‘Doesn’t it just. All w e need com e back for it after the battle’ ‘Suppose it wasn’t a R om an now is som eon e in Ham pshire ‘But he didn’t.’ who buried those coins. Suppose w ho has m anaged to show that ‘T h erefore he was killed.’ it was a German who had alread y this portion of Geoffrey’s n ovel ‘If you think you are going to taken them fro m a dead Rom an,’ and the Brut de Tysillois based on su rvive a battle (apparently m ost ‘Why didn’t the Germ an go fact. As a matter of interest there soldiers do think that - if all sol- back for them ?’ is a B acch ic m osaic fro m n o rth diers thought they w ere going to ‘B ecau se the battle w asn’t Spring 2002 7 over. It went on for several days fa m ily an d follow ers if put forw ard m any of the argu- and no doubt many Germans were Togodum nus and Caratacus found ments against a Kent landing, and killed.’ out? O r h e took the cash and then stated that archaeologists in ‘But the Bredgar coins weren’t fought the Rom ans anyw ay? All S u ssex had used the evidence in a buried by a n ative, they were would have been butchered in a more constru ctive m anner than buried by a Rom an’ very painful m anner.’ their Kent cou n terparts. The latter ‘How do you know? We have ‘Evidence?’ (in m y view) have not system ati- to imagine this individual, who is ‘Not a scrap. Remember what I cally con cen trated their efforts on ROM AN a com plete stran g er to the area. said about con sen su s interpreta- pointing out the am biguities for a IN V A S IO N He doesn’t k n o w th e tra ck s, tions. This is an alternative idea S u ssex landing. Would you like w oods or fields and buries these based on the sam e evidence as the me to do it?’ ROM AN coins presum ably som ew here eas- con jectural(N O T FACTU AL) trad i- ‘Go on.’ IN V A S IO N ily reco g n isable like a large tree or tional view point. It is a challenge ‘No way. I would have to spen d sarsen ro ck in the hope of finding to the consensus. As with allthe the next year looking in detail at ROM AN them later. I know people today other evidence relatin g to th e what they have said. You d o it. IN V A S IO N even w ith m aps and signposts invasion the Bredgar coin hoard is Again, as previously stated, I don’t ROM AN who still aren’t able to find their also am biguous an d can be used in care w here the Rom ans landed. way around.’ an y w ay an individual wants, What I have been writing about is IN V A S IO N ‘So are you saying they were depending on their ow n bias.’ the use and m isu se of evidence. ROM AN buried by a Briton who had killed ‘So you are still sa y ing the This is a lesson in treating the evi- a Rom an? If so that does not Rom an arm y landed in Su ssex?’ dence in an objective m anner. It is IN V A S IO N negate the argum ent about the ‘I have never said they landed time to m ove on, there are far ROM AN battle taking place on the M edway. in S u ssex.’ more interesting things to read, IN V A S IO N The Briton was probably killed.’ ‘Com e on!’ study, think and write about.’ ‘P ossible. Or?’ ‘Not once. I merely stated that ROM AN ‘A Rom an was feeling gener- I w o u ld play devils ad vocate and Alan Ward IN V A S IO N ous and gave the money aw ay?’ ‘Exactly.’ ROM AN ‘Don’t be silly.’ IN V A S IO N ‘A bribe?’ ROM AN Oh, a bribe’ ‘Yes a bribe.’ IN V A S IO N ‘Not to fight?’ ROM AN ‘Exactly.’ ‘Hence only R om an coins in IN V A S IO N the hoard.’ BIBLIOGRAPHY ROM AN ‘Exactly. No Briton would su d- A non 2001 Rom an Coin Hoard Found in London, Kent Archaeological Review , N o.144. denly w ant to be seen w ith new Ansel R. 1999 Beow ulf in Kent: Letter,British Archaeology, N o 42. IN V A S IO N Rom an coins at a time like this. A Barnes W. c.1900 A Study of the In va sion of the South-West of Britain by Vespasian, Proceedings ROM AN m erchant m ight ju st g et a w ay ofthe Dorset Natural History Society Bede 1955 A H istory of the English Church and People (ed . Leo Sherley-Price, Penguin Classic, IN V A S IO N with it, but not a local noble and 1974 rep rint). the Rom ans m ay have been brib- Bradford E. 1967 D rake. ROM AN ing m any of the local aristocracy Carson. RA G. 1959 The Bredgar Treasure of Rom an Coins, The Numismatic Chronicle, sixth series, in an attem pt to stop them joining VoIxix. IN V A S IO N Cartwright. J. 2001 Personal communication letter fro m the University of Wales, Lam peter. To Togodum nus and Caratacus.’ whom thanks are extended ROM AN ‘That doesn’t mean to say the Garmonsway. G.N. 1953 The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, (D en t and Sons 1982 rep rint) IN V A S IO N Rom ans landed in Su ssex.’ Geoffrey of ‘True, but if they were to land Monmouth 1966 The History of the Kings of Britain(ed. Lew is Thorpe, Penguin Classic, 1968 ROM AN rep rint) in Kent their bribes would be use- Gildas. 1978 The Ruin of Britain and other docum ents, (ed . M. Winterbottom ) IN V A S IO N less. The two brothers would be Grainge. C. 2001 Letter to the Editor,Kent Archaeological Society Newsletter, N o.49. co llecting forces as they Hibbert. C. 1964 Agincourt ROM AN Hines.J. 2001 Personal communication letter fro m the University of Wales, Cardiff. approached the Rom an arm y. As it To whom thanks are extended. IN V A S IO N appears there w ere skirm ish es John E. 1996 Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England. prior to the battle it follow s that M cLynn F. 1998 1066 The Year of T h ree Battles. M o rris. J. 1973 The Age of Arthur local nobles east of the M edw ay N ennius 1980 British History and the Welsh Annals(ed. J. M o rris). would be expected to join the Nich olls. RA . 1999 Beow ulf in Kent: Letter,British Archaeology, N o 42. native forces. There w as no w ay Percival. A . 2001 Letter, personal communication. they could avoid it, therefore the Percival. A 2001 Letter to the Editor,Kent Archaeological Society Newsletter , N o.49. Philp. B. 2000 Lost Rom an Tow n Discovered at West Wickh am , Kent Archaeological Review , N o.141. bribes would be wasted. If how ev- Philp B. 2001 Varus and the Great Rom an Defeat, Kent Archaeological Review , N o.143 er, the Rom ans intended to land in Pryce H . 2001 Personal communication letter fro m the University of Wales, Bangor. S u ssex any bribed natives in Kent To whom thanks are extended cou ld delay movement westwards Reece. R 1988 M y Roman Britain, With apologies to Rich ard R eece for copying the form at of his book, a work (n ot n ecessarily correct) that sh ou ld be com pu lsory read ing for all archaeologists. until the main battle was over. The Rivet. A.L.F. 1969 The Roman Villa in Britain. My thanks go to my colleague Christopher Sparey- native aristocrat would not of G reen for pointing out the mosaic fro m Thruxton, Hampshire portrayed within Rivets book, Plate 3.9. cou rse h ave been privy to the Christopher’s know ledge of anything Rom an is far greater than my ow n and his view is that this word is indicative of a group of people. We both aw ait the view s of those with su perior linguistic know ledge. Rom an battle plans but no doubt Robertson , A.S. 2000. An In ven tory of Romano-British Coin H oards. all he saw was the gold’ Stephens. M. ed. 1998 The New Com panion to the Literature of Wales. ‘But why weren’t they Stocker. B. 2001 CK A Spring Conference, Kent Archaeological Review , N o.144 retrieved?’ Ward. A . 2001 The Rom an In va sion, Kent Archaeological Society Newsletter No.48. Webster. C.G. 1979 The Roman Im perialArmy. ‘I wonder what would have Wilkinson. P. 1998 Finding Beowulf in Kent’s Landscape, British Archaeology,N o.39. happened to the individual, his Wilkinson. P. 2001 Letter to Arthur Percival, communicated to the writer. Spring 2002 8 a Find?’ Co n f e rences, Lectures, Events Further details, dates and times available on 01227 452943 Maritime Medway - A Conference on tion in Kent 1952-2002 Brian Philp Parallels: Personal Visu al Partners – th e M a ritime History of the Digging in Kent: th e E a rly D ays an exhibition of artworks from the Chatham Dockyards on Saturday 25th Jon athan Horne Bentliff Collection, Maidstone M useum May fro m 9 .30am at Bridge W ardens’ ‘Rescue’, Rescue Archaeology & London and private lenders. Selected by the College, The H istoric D ockyard, Harvey Sheldon Bentliff Trustees, (of which K A S Chatham. Organised jointly by the Tickets £3 fro m C .K.A. 7 Sandy Ridge, President Paul Oldham is on e), these EVENTS G reenw ich M aritime Institute and the Borough Green TN 15 8H P (w ith sae stimulating objects an d pictures will be University of K en t at M edw ay. please) on view until 5th M ay in the Bentliff GRANTS Programme includes: The British A ssociation for Local History Gallery, Maidstone Museum. AND In trod u ctio n to th e H istory of th e 2002 Phillimore Lecture – Local History Rom ney M arsh Research T r u s t Dockyard – Rich ard Holdsw orth and Landscape History – People and Events: COU RSES Shipbuilding in the Dockyard – Brian Places by Christopher Taylor FBA at the East Guldeford Study Day with M aureen EVENTS Lavery British Library, London on Saturday 1st Lovering & Jill Eddison , Saturday 4th GRANTS Pre-Napoleonic H istory of the Dockyard Jun e at 1.30pm . 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Closing on Friday 2nd in February, giving students an d local COU RSES Issu es in Dockyard Preservation over the August, you’ve only 15 w eeks left to visit society m em bers the opportunity to last 30 Years – Jon athan Coad one of the largest urban archaeological study artefacts an d reco rd s fro m o ver EVENTS Conference fee £10 (to include buffet sites in Britain. Open daily fro m 10am - 4000 excavations around Greater London GRANTS lunch) Contact Sarah Megson, Maritime 4pm , adm ission £2 adults, £1 conces- over the last 100years. Open Daysare held Medway Conferen ce, Bridge W a r d e n s ’ sions. Booked groups w elcom e. Special on the first Saturday of every m onth, AND College, The H istoric D ockyard , even ts(all free!) include: (4th M ay, 1st Jun e, 6th July) involving COU RSES Chatham , ME4 4TE. Tel: 01634 888938 Craft displays - Medieval & Rom an Craft tours and object handling. The 6th July e-m ail: ukm -conferences@ ukc.ac.uk Days and ‘Time Warp’ Rom an & Saxon concentrates on ‘Waterfro n t & EVENTS 50 Years of Rescue Archaeology – a spinning & Weaving Riverbank’. LAA RC is situ ated a t GRANTS celebration by the Council for Talks - ‘So You W anna be an Mortim er W heeler H ouse, 46 Eagle Kentish A rch aeology at Queen Archaeologist?’ and The Director’s Cut Wharf Road. For events inform ation con - AND Elizabeth’s S ch ool, Faversham on O ther events - E n viro n m en ta l tact Museum of London on 020 7814 COU RSES Saturday 27th April fro m 2.00-5.30pm Archaeology W ork sh ops and ‘Fuddled by 5777. Stories of Discovery & R escu e - excava- EVENTS GRANTS AND College, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 Gr a n t s Co u r s e s 7N P. Tel 0800 9753777 (24 hours). COU RSES [email protected] EVENTS Research and Publication Grants from Fancy studying archaeology or history GRANTS Canterbury Archaeology Society locally? Or perhaps you prefer to study in the The Society has limited funds Archaeology and History can be studied com fort of hom e? AND The N ational Home Study College available with which to support indi- at the University of Kent on a part-time COU RSES viduals research ing the archaeology basis at 3 different cen tres. A pplications are ru n s A rch aeo logy and H istory cou rses and local history of the Canterbury very w elcom e from anyone who wish es to though distance learning. C ou rses include: EVENTS district. It is en visaged that grants study at university level. On offer: In tro d u ction to Egyptology GRANTS would not normally exceed £500 and Certificate in Archaeological Studies European History and Marine would be aw arded an nually. (Ton bridge) Archaeology AND Preferen ce w ill be given to w ork Diplom a and B A in Archaeological The Rise & Fall of the Rom an Em pire COU RSES which will lead to early publication. Studies (C an terbury and Tonbridge) The Making of Britain Please apply in w riting to the Certificate in the Theory and Practice of The World at War (I & II) EVENTS H o n o rary Secretary by Saturday 15th Local History (C an terbury and Chatham ) Ancient G reece GRANTS Jun e 2002. Certificate in M odern H istory Further details fro m the National Home Study College, History Dept., 7 High Street, AND Your letter should m ention your (C an terbury) Pinner, Middlesex HA5 5PJ - 020 8868 5328 qualifications, the nature and length Diplom a in Kentish History (C an terbury COU RSES and Tonbridge) w w w.hom estudyzone.co.uk w w w. h o m e s- of your research , the am ount you are tudyzone.co.uk asking for, any other funding antici- Diplom a in Modern and Medieval History (C an terbury and Tonbridge) pated and proposals for publication. And if you want som ething practical ... You may be asked to nam e a referee BA History (C an terbury and Tonbridge) Mature students need not have form al Th e K ent A rchaeology Field School whom the sub-committee m ak ing academ ic qualifications if they can dem on- have cou rses on: the grants cou ld con su lt. If su ccess- strate commitment to the discipline and the Discovering Archaeological Sites ful you would be expected to accou n t aptitude to study at the appropriate level. Geophysical Survey for the money spen t and give a copy D egree program m es in Classical & Castles of Kent of any article or pam phlet etc… to Archaeological Studies, History & Bones & Burials the Society’s library. Archaeological Studies are run in the day- The Study of Rom an Roads For further details con tact: time on the University’s Canterbury Place-nam es in the Landscape M rs Jean Crane, Honorary Cam pus. They can be follow ed on a full- Excavation at Rom an Durolevum Secretary CAS, Dane Court, time basis, and also by part-time students. ....all happening during May, Jun e and July. Adish am , CT3 3LA For further inform ation, please contact Further details fro m K A F S , School Farm Spring 2002 th e U n it fo r R eg ional Learning, Ke y n e s Oast, G raveney Road, Faversham M E13 8U P 9 act as cheerleader and cham pion for the STUDYING AND SHARING KENT’S PAST interests of archaeology, history and her- itage within and without those organisa- ‘Studying and Sharing Kent’s Past’ involvem ent. We must prom ote access to tion s an d w e m u st be the critical friend is the title of the Report of the Working our discipline through inform ation, train- seeking improvement, a protector of pub- NOTICE Party on the future role of the Society, ing, facilities, advice, con tacts an d lic interest. follow ing the su ggestion by an ordinary encouragem ent. 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General Secretary, Andrew NOTICE Moffat, Three Elms, W oodlands Lane, MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY Shorne, G ravesend D A 12 3H H BOARD Em ail NOTICE I have now passed the first major ch eck that this is at th e correct am ount secretary@ kentarchaeology.org.uk BOARD milestone/hurdle since taking over as and only paid once a year (preferably in Hon. T reasu rer, Robin Thom as, 1 NOTICE membership secretary – the membership Jan uary) as som e banks delight in taking A bch u rch Yard, A bch u rch Lane, ren ew als due on 1st Jan uary 2002! your money monthly! London EC4N 7BA Em ail treasu r- BOARD Things appear to have gone reaso n - I am very pleased to rep o rt that I have er@ kentarchaeology.org.uk NOTICE ably sm oothly but I recogn ise that recen tly received over 40 applications to BOARD including a renew al fo rm w ith the join – please urge your friends, colleagues Jan uary Newsletter cau sed som e con fu- and/or relatives to join as the Society isits GUIDELINES NOTICE sion. In future years I intend to send membership. I h a ve p lenty of application BOARD ren ew al letters only to those of you who form s if you would like som e to distribute ren ew b y ch eq u e. If you have not yet to local societies etc. The positive respon se that the ‘new - NOTICE ren ew ed for this year please d o so as The address for all style’ Newsletter en gen dered w as very BOARD soon as possible otherwise rem inder let- co rresp o n d en ce relating encouraging; thank you for all your let- ters will be sen t, at additional cost to the to membership is – ters, e-m ails and phone calls! A cou ple of NOTICE Society, in April/May. Mrs Shiela Broom field, KAS comments abou t the difficu lty of sm all BOARD If you have not yet com pleted a Gift Membership, 8 W oodview Crescent, print size have been addressed – I hope that this issu e is easily legible to all. NOTICE Aid form please do so now as this gives Hildenborough, Tonbridge, Kent valuable incom e to the Society w ithout TN 11 9H D . Guidelines with reg ard to articles for inclusion are now available (illustrations, BOARD any extra co st to members. (E veryon e Telephone 01732 838698. word length, copyright etc… ). received a Gift Aid form attached to the E-mail – membership@ kentarchaeol - Contributors w ish ing to subm it articles renew al letter en closed w ith all the ogy.org.uk or please con tact the editor for a copy. Jan uary Newsletters) s.broom field@ dial.pipex.com . If you pay by standing order please The Editor
Spring 2002 You and Your Society 10 THREE SHORT SUMMER VISITS
This summer we sh all con cen trate upon the architectural and literary history of th th three very different Kentish houses, dating fro m the 16 to the 19 cen turies. NOTICE Chevening H ouse o n Restoration H ouse, Gad’s H ill Place, Higham BOARD Thursday 4th July Rochester on Friday 26th July on Sunday 4th August at 2.30pm A unique opportunity to at 2.30pm Dicken s realised h is ch ild- NOTICE appreciate the interior of a ‘The m ost important tow n- hood dream w hen he w as able BOARD building not easily available for house historically in Rochester’ to live here for the last years of public view ing. This is not an (Joh n N ew m an ). E ssen tially his life fro m 1856 to 1870. The NOTICE official KAS visit; those attending 16th cen tury in date, with sub- house was built in the late 18th BOARD will do so as guests of the stan tial altera tions m ade to cen tury. Guided tour - £2.50 or Shoreham H istorical Society welcom e C h arles II hom e in with cream tea in the gardens if NOTICE and at a cost of £12.50 per 1660 and chosen by Charles fine, £5.00. BOARD person. Time to be advised . D i c kens as M iss H avish am ’s decrepit residence. Guided tour NOTICE - £4.50. BOARD To attend or for further inform ation on any of these events please con tact Joy Saynor, Excursion NOTICE Secretary, 28 High Street, Shoreham , Sevenoaks TN 14 7TD . BOARD NOTICE KAS EVENTS ARCHAEOLOGY DAYS BOARD NOTICE *W om en in Anglo-Saxon Centuries, on Saturday 1st Every year in m idsummer, and M edieval SocietyonJun e at 2.30pm in the National Archaeology D ays t a ke BOARD S atu rd ay 4 th M ay fro m Ram sey Lecture Theatre, place. Over the w eekend of 20th NOTICE 10am . Christ C h u rch U n iversity & 21s t J u l y, many differen t You will find details and a College, North H olmes Road, venues, units and m u seu m s will BOARD booking form inserted into Canterbury. Tickets £2 KAS be opening their doors to the NOTICE this issu e for this joint KAS members, £3 non-mem bers, public an d h o lding special and C anterbury C hrist available un til 11.30am on events. W hat are you planning? BOARD th e d ay fro m the Vi s i t o r The editor w ould love to hear NOTICE In fo rm a tion Centre, 34 about any tours, talks or practi- BOARD St.Margaret’s Street, cal w ork sh ops being held Canterbury or on the venue around Kent, for inclusion in the NOTICE door. Newsletter due out at the begin- BOARD ning of July. NOTICE KENT HISTORIC BUILDINGS COMMITTEE BOARD NOTICE Kent Historic B uildings Michael H Peters of BOARD Committee (a joint committee Sittingbourne, who can be con- NOTICE of the K ent Archaeological tacted at Coldharbour Fa r m , Society and the Council for the Am age Road, Wye, Ashford, BOARD Protection of Rural England, Kent TN 25 5D B NOTICE Kent Branch) has a new H on. tel: 01233 813 172 Secretary. fax: 01 233 813 475 BOARD Charles Friend, who took info@ cprekent.org.uk. NOTICE office in the m id-eighties, stood d ow n at the January The committee is keen to BOARD m eeting. A t an inform al pre- hear fro m all members who are NOTICE sen tation, th e C h airm an concerned about the condition BOARD Church University C o llege Ram on Higgs thanked Charles of any historic bu ilding in the con ference - an exciting list warmly and wish ed him well. cou n ty (or any dam aging or NOTICE of sp eakers an d su bjects Having been H on. unsuitable activities nearby). BOARD makes this an event not to be Secretary to the Committee for The Committee acts w ithin missed . so long – as well as Secretary to Kent for the Council for British NOTICE *A lso - don’t miss the last no less than four Pa r i s h Archaeology, one of the bodies BOARD lecture in the KAS Odyssey Councils, su rely C harles statutorily consulted on plan- season – V ictor Sm ith on sh ou ld be in the running for an ning applications involving Kent’s H istoric D efences aw ard. listed buildings. fro m the 14th to the 20th The new H on. Secretary is
Events and Diary Spring 2002 11 A P P E A L S T O The Publication Committee needs volunteers
SO CIETY he Kent Archaeological um es, one appearing in each ties w ithin the overall func- S o c i e t y, th e learned of the last three years, begin- tioning of th e S o ciety: the APPEALS County Society of the ning w ith X X V I I: Re l i g i o u s President, th e H o n o ra ry SO CIETY historic cou n ty of Worship in Kent: the Census of General Secretary, th e Kent, with over 1,600 1 8 5 1, Edited b y M arg a ret Honorary Tr e a s u r e r, th e APPEALS members, is com m it- Ro a ke (1999), Pp. lii+ 460, Honorary Librarian, th e SO CIETY ted to the research and with 9 plates and 7 m aps. Honorary Edito r, the Book APPEALS publication of ‘archaeology’, November 2000 saw the pub- Review s Editor an d th e interpreted in the trad itional lication of XXVIII:The Survey of Com m ittee’s C h airm an an d SO CIETY sen se as em bracing all Archbishop Pecham ’s Ke n t i s h its Secretary, Miss E. Melling, APPEALS aspects of the study of the M anors 1283-85, Edite d b y w h o oversees the sm ooth SO CIETY past. Publication has been a Kenneth Wi t n e y, with a running of the Society’s Kent major function of the Society F o rew o rd b y D r Jo an T h irsk , History Fu n d , which is APPEALS fro m its inception, em bracing Pp. lxxxiv+ 390, with 2 maps adm inistered by the SO CIETY an annual journal, and 1 figure. The most recen t Publications Committee. APPEALS Archaeologia Cantiana, and volu m e appeared in June The Pu b l i c a t i o n s reco rd vo lum es and m ono- 2001, X X I X: Kent Hearth Committee, with a budget in SO CIETY graphs. Tax A ssessment Lady Day e xcess of any other APPEALS Archaeologia Cantiana, 1 6 6 4, Edited b y D u n ca n Com m ittee w ith in the dating from 1858, is a Harrington, with a n Society, is h eavily reliant on SO CIETY hard-back volum e w ith over In tro d u ction by Sarah long-term expertise an d pro- APPEALS 400 pages, available on ly Pearson, Pp. cxiv+ 687, with fessionalism in a variety of SO CIETY to members and institu- 11 plates, 5 tables, 1 figure sk ills: archaeology, local his- tional su bscribers, including and 13 maps. These and other t o r y, archives, education, APPEALS Universities, and is publish ed publications can be ordered research an d p u b lications. SO CIETY annually in July. It has devel- fro m Mr Duncan H arrington, Archaeologia Cantiana does not APPEALS oped and com m ands a good Ashton Lodge, Church Road, present a problem distributed academ ic rep u tation, offering Lym inge, Fo l kestone, Ke n t as it is on ly to members and SO CIETY a wide ran g e of articles, many CT18 8JA . institutional su bscribers. The APPEALS con taining illustrations, It can be seen imme- Com m ittee h as a p ro b lem plans and tables, follow ed by diately that th ese p u b lica- with o th er p u b lications: SO CIETY book review s. T h e H o n o rary tions are su bstantial works of quality M o n o g rap h s a n d APPEALS Editor, Mr T erry Law son, and referen ce a n d m o re are Record Volum es, w here sales SO CIETY the Book Review s E ditor, Dr planned. The Society has are slow and disappointing Elizabeth E dw ards, well been fortunate in attracting and storage facilities w ithin APPEALS deserve the Society’s grati- historian s w h ose sch olarship the Society are limite d . SO CIETY tude for building on the is well know n. Above all, the Personally I would like mem- APPEALS stren g ths inherited fro m D r volum es exist to stimulate bers to purchase more of Detsicas an d earlier editors. fu rth e r re sea rch , now here these publications, given SO CIETY To date, 121 volum es have more clearly stated than by preferen tial pricing as APPEALS been publish ed since 1858, Dr Thirsk in her F o rew o rd to betw een m em bers and non- the most recen t volum e, CXXI th e P ech a m v o lum e: ‘This members.This article fin- SO CIETY (2001), being a memorial vol- volum e will doubtless stimu- ish es, how ever, by appeal - APPEALS um e to Dr Alec D etsicas, late furth er research o n this ing for one or more volun - SO CIETY H o n o rary E d itor 1970-1999, su rvey, which is so rich in tee rs to join the and M r K enneth G ra v ett, allusions and clues to the Com m ittee, solely to APPEALS President of the Society 1988- making of thirteenth-century advise on and prom ote SO CIETY 1998, con taining papers on Kent society and landscape’. publicity and sales. There APPEALS Rom ano-British Kent and on A review of the Roake volum e will be no requirem en t for Kentish H istoric B uildings, which appeared in Southern editing or refereeing future SO CIETY with lists of their p u b lish ed H i s t o r y, vol. 22 (2000), publications. If any member APPEALS works. pp.261-62, con cluded: ‘Kent of the Society with marketing SO CIETY Six volum es have Archaeological Society are to expertise would like to assist been publish ed in the be congratulated on m aking the Publications Committee APPEALS M onograph Series, the m ost available the Kentish returns in this important area, please recen t being The Bishops and of the Religious Census of write to m e at 52 Langdale Monks of Rochester 1076-1214, 1851... There is much materi- Avenue, Ramsgate, Ke n t by Colin Flight, running to al here for further work’. CT11 0PG . 320 pages, with 29 figures Seventeen m em bers and 16 plates, which serve on th e Pu b l i c a t i o n s Dr John Whyman appeared in 1997. The K ent Committee, several of whom Chairm an , Publications Records Series ru n s to 29 vol- assu m e on erou s respon sibili- Committee Spring 2002 12 O M E M B E R S The KAS website at
ww w. k e n t a rc h a e o l o g y. o rg.uk is expanding SO CIETY he Society’s w ebsite now using a ‘search engine’ located on and colour slides held there. A APPEALS has a new section entitled the website. The major job will be database of over 11,000 entries ‘Research’ , in which will the checking and correcting of has been m ade to date. It is pro- SO CIETY be put up the results of each page scanned and O CR’d. posed that a start is m ad e to put APPEALS members researches in all Would you be w illing to help? som e of them on the Society’s its form s. If you have access to a com pu ter, a website. Each image is b eing SO CIETY Leland D uncan’s ‘floppy disc’ and photocopied scan n ed into a com puter for APPEALS Notes. Follow ing m y appeal in pages of the index cou ld be posted achiving purposes. These images, th e N ew sletter a lmost all of to you for ch ecking. The reso u n d - greatly reduced in size in term s of SO CIETY Leland D uncan’s n otes on ing su ccess of the Leland Duncan com pu ter memory, i.e. kilobytes APPEALS Churchyard M .I.’s from arou n d M.I.’s h a s d em o n strated th at (k b) will be put up in the form of Kent have now been typed up and there are many members of the Parish G alleries w h ere ‘thum b- SO CIETY are being checked before being Society, who, whilst perhaps not nail’ sized pictures can be selected, APPEALS put up on the Society’s Website. A able to undertake archaeological and so enable all K.A.S. members SO CIETY special thank you to Frank & Zena or historical research them selves, and others to have a glimpse of Bam ping, Margaret Broomfield, are willing to help in enabling the the great treasu re tro ve o f visu al APPEALS Christine Pantry, Dawn W eeks and hard work of others to be prepared inform ation w e have in our SO CIETY the other members of the Society for the Society’s w ebsite. In this Library. On the secon d and fourth that h ave assisted w ith this pro- way, the whole world will benefit. Tuesday m orning of each m onth APPEALS ject. All this work would be possible for work on this project will be carried SO CIETY Archaeologia Cantiana on- you to carry out at a place, i.e. out in the Society’s Library using line. W e are em barking on a your hom e, and at a time and pace at least three com pu ters. Training APPEALS sch em e in w hich, first, th e su itable to you. Training would be will be given. If you are w illing SO CIETY Contents pages of som e 123 vol- available to help you get started. If to h elpplease contact Te d APPEALS um es of Archaeologia Cantiana you are w illing to helpplease Connell,- address as before. are put on the Society’s w ebsite. con tact Ted Connell, 110 M anor SO CIETY The next stage w ill be to put up Forstal, New Ash Green, Visit www.kentarchae- APPEALS the Index Volum es, starting w ith Longfield, K ent DA 3 8JQ. Te l ology.org.uk now to see SO CIETY Vol. 52, p u b lish ed in 1940 and a 01474 872763, em ail ted .con - the Leland Duncan rare volum e to ow n. This w ill [email protected] APPEALS involve the scanning of over 400 Visu al Records online. For M.I.’s and Wills,. double colum n pages into the over seven years a team of volun- Archaeologia Cantiana SO CIETY com p uter and using com puter teers have m et in the Society’s and perhaps pictures of APPEALS software called ‘optical character Library on W ednesday m ornings, reco g n ition’ (O C R ) to produce a to catalogue the m any paintings, your village ch u rch and SO CIETY text, which can then be searched prints, photographic glass plates su rro u n d ings. APPEALS SO CIETY APPEALS having been acquired by donation or any new ly publish ed w orks w h ich SO CIETY Li b r a ry pu rch ase since the foundation of the might be useful additions to the collec- Society to the present day. A m ajor tion, and inform ation on arrangem ents APPEALS problem for the Library is to ke e p for purchase would be particu larly use- SO CIETY No t e s abreast of the continuing pattern of ful. And, of cou rse, donations are most APPEALS Your Help N eeded! publish ing in Kent, which is expanding welcom e, the more so when a member Many members will already be aw are at an increasing rate. Som e works will is the Author. In this w ay, members SO CIETY of the considerable collection of topo- autom atically com e to the attention of will be assisting the Library in m ain- APPEALS graphical and other Kent material that the Librarian, but others m ay only be taining and adding to its collections, to com prises a m ajor part of the Library advertised and sold locally. The the benefit of the interests and work of SO CIETY stock. Much of this material relates to Librarian w ould therefore be m ost the Society’s members. A form is print- APPEALS individual Kent places, many volum es grateful to hear from members about ed below for ease of use. SO CIETY LIBRARY RECOMMENDATION APPEALS SO CIETY To The Librarian - I recommend that you purchase the follow ing books; APPEALS TITLE ISBN PRICE
Spring 2002 13 Maps, Diags, Bib. RECENT ADDITIONS This valuable work has been pub- KAS LIBRARY TO THE KAS LIBRARY lished by KCC w ith fu n d ing from LOCATIONS English H eritag e & th e E u rop ea n Union, as part of the H istoric Te xtile and Clothing Members might not be aw are that 1150-1450 Fortifications Project betw een K ent, Nord-pas de Calais an d F landers. the KAS now has books stored in th ree loca - Elizab eth C row foo t, Frances Three detailed volum es cover every tions. The majority of the books, pam phlets LIBRARY Pritch ard & K ay Staniland. M u seu m known defence site in Kent from and oth er p ap ers – an d certainly those of London Rom an times up to the post-C o ld War more likely to be used by m em bers – are UPDATES A highly readable accou n t of wide period. Each site is w ell illustrated held in the KAS Library in M a i d s t o n e LIBRARY general interest. D ress historians and with photographs and m aps, and Museu m , St.Faith’s Street. Here are kept: archaeologists w ill find new insights there are m any other useful details sta n d ard b oo k s on K e n t i s h UPDATES into the fashions, clothing and textile regard ing preservation, access an d archaeology, history and topography LIBRARY industries of medieval England and future potential. A p a rt fro m co n so li- monographs, pam phlets an d ephem era on Kentish tow ns, villages and UPDATES Europe. dating members existing know ledge, many users will b e su rp rised to learn ham lets LIBRARY Knives and Scabbards about sites which are in private ow n- a large accum ulation of visu al UPDATES ership and therefore have hith erto reco rd s of ch u rch es, buildings and Kentish T.Cowgill, M. de N eergaard and been obscured to the everyday visitor. life LIBRARY N.Griffiths. Museum of London cop ies of the Society’s ow n UPDATES Catalogues, discu sses an d illus- publications, including Archaeologia trates over 500 item s: knives, scab- Historians’ guide to early Cantiana LIBRARY British maps; a guide to bards, sh ears, scissors m id 12th to the location of pre-1900 publications an d records of UPDATES mid 15th cen tury, found in the City of other UK archaeological an d historical London. A w ork of referen ce for maps of the British Isles societies, including, for instance, S u ssex LIBRARY medieval artefacts an d m aterial cu l- preserved in the United and S u rrey UPDATES ture and a useful reference book for Kingdom and Ireland. journals and reco rd s of a num - LIBRARY excavators all over Britain. Wallis, Helen ed. London: Royal ber of important European archaeological Historical Society 1994 and historical societies. UPDATES St.Gregory’s Priory – A good text and directory for the There are also two com pu ters in the LIBRARY Excavations 1988-1991 seriou s research er. Lists repositories Library, on w hich are stored the Library by county and place, together with catalogue, a catalogue of visu al reco rd s and UPDATES Martin H icks & A lison H icks. scope and access inform ation. databases relevant to fieldw ork of the KAS. LIBRARY Canterbury Archaeological Tr u s t , The Library also serves as a m eeting room Archaeology of Canterbury N ew UPDATES Kings, C u rren cy and for KAS committees and w orking groups, Series Vol.II alliances: the history and and is used for sem inars and lectures of up LIBRARY Excavations by CAT on the site of coinage of Southern to about two dozen people. UPDATES St.Gregory’s P riory w ith in the England in the ninth Shelf space in the Library is now at Northgate area of Canterbury revealed cen tury. a prem ium and therefore som e of the col- LIBRARY the extensive rem ains of tw o ecclesi- lections are held in two other locations. At UPDATES astical establish m en ts. The first, Blackburn, Mark A.S. & Dumville, B radbourne H ouse, East Malling, are stored founded by Lanfran c in 1084, was a David N . eds. W oodbridge: The LIBRARY back runs of UK societies for archaeology ch u rch w ith a single aisle-less n ave Boydell P ress 1998 and history, leaving the more recen t 20 or UPDATES an d square chan cel, dedica te d to An interdisciplinary collection by so years of each society’s publications more St.Gregory. F ollow ing the establish- historians, num ism atists and philolo- read ily available in the Library. Th en , in LIBRARY ment of a Prior and Canons on the site gists. Contains m uch of use and store room s in the M aidstone Com m unity c.1133 the ch u rch was enlarged. After UPDATES interest to KAS members, especially Centre, M arsham Street, Maidstone, are back a fire c.1145, the Priory was reb u ilt on the sections relating to the m ints at ru n s o f so m e E u ro p ean journals, together LIBRARY a m uch grander scale, probably by Canterbury and Rochester. with a collection of State Papers and vol- Archbishop Theobald, and building UPDATES um es of the ‘Chronicles and M em orials’ work continued until well into the th LIBRARY 13th century. The priory w as dis- Royal Marines, Deal: a series publish ed in the 19 cen tury. Also UPDATES solved in 1537. pictorial history . in Marsham Street are KAS Minute Books and other reco rd s of the Society. The rep o rt, a model of its kind, is Lane, Andrew. Ti v e r t o n : LIBRARY Com plete reco rd s o f what is h eld profusely illustrated by over 250 fig- Halsgrove 2000 Many unique pho- w here are available in the Library in the UPDATE ures and draw ings. In addition to tographs illustrate R oyal Marine life S draw ing together the archaeological in Deal. Useful for tow n and military Museum. Members may access the Library data and docum entary evidence to history. at any time the M useum is open , seven detail the developm ent of the ecclesi- days a w eek, on production of a KAS mem- astical establish m en ts, th e re p o rt bership card and on signature of a reg ister describes and exam ines the range of The Bootsh oe Boys: an kept by th e M u seu m staff. T h e L ibrary is artefactual and other material reco v- accou n t of the Elham not perm anently staffed, but KAS volun- UPDATES ered, including architectural, stru ctur- Charity School. teers are n o rm ally in the Library on al and decorative frag m en ts, pottery Coton, Betty. Canterbury: th e M o n d a y, W ednesday and Friday after- and dom estic objects, mammal and author 2001 noons, read y to assist members in using hum an bones, an d environ m en ta l Local historical writing of a high the facilities. Non-members are welcom e rem ains. standard. A useful sou rce for any per- to visit the Library on these afternoons son interested in the history of educa- under the guidance of a K A S volunteer. Kent’s Defence Heritage tion in Kent, as well as providing valu- Members requirin g access to the stores at able insights into village life. B radbourne H ouse or M arsham Street Andrew Saunders & Victor Sm ith. sh ou ld apply to the H on.Librarian, Dr Kent County Council 2001 Illus, Frank Panton. Spring 2002 14 A note on TH EV I L L A G EO FS E A L he nam e of Seal vil- village is actually situ a ted. fro m o th er reco rd s to have ANOTE lage near Sevenoaks The reason for this h as been been in possession of land in ON revealed by a perusal of the the Seal area for several cen - has been taken to be SEAL derived fro m the Old list of assessm en ts for a tax turies follow ing 1086. English Seleand this know n as the Lay Subsidy. All the assessm en ts list- ANOTE is correct. H ow ever, The Lay Subsidy tax ed un der Ru xley appear ON the Old English word Selehad was levied on lan d-h olders to relate to holdings outside three different meanings: the within, and collected by, the the Hundred itself, and this SEAL first was ‘hall’ (as in distin- Hundred. C o p ies of the lists is certainly tru e of H ever ANOTE guished house), the second nam ing those who paid it in (actu ally situ a ted in ON was ‘a willow copse’2 and the 1301/2 in the Hundreds of Som m erdenne H undred), third w as ‘m uddy pond’3 or Ruxley and Som m erden are nam ed as a part of the grant SEAL ‘bog’.4 in Dr Gordon W ard’s folio of Bexley (lying w ith in ANOTE As the m eaning w as n otebook s d eposited in Ruxley H undred), by K ing ON thought to be ‘hall’, local his- Sevenoaks Library Archives. 6 Cenw ulf of Mercia, then rul- to rian s h ave sou gh t som e The list for this year is the ing Kent, to W u l f r e d , SEAL indication of the w hereabouts earliest, and Coddesheath Archbish op of Canterbury, in ANOTE 7 of su ch a stru ctu re in the Hundred is n ot sh ow n . Th e a ch arter dated A D 814. ON records and archaeologically, later lists sh ow both but no trace o f it has ever Coddesheath and its sou ther- Ann R. Elton SEAL been found. ly neighbour Som m erdenne ANOTE Whilst listening to D r Hundred, b u t n o t R u x l e y. References: Margaret Gelling lecture on Whether this is selective edit- 1. Ekw all E. ON place-nam es the thought ing on the part of the copyist, The Concise Oxford SEAL occu rred that perhaps the or w hether the original lists Dictionary of English Place- th ANOTE wrong meaning had been were incom plete it is im possi- Names, 4 ed. p 409 attributed in this instance. ble at present to say. Wallenberg J.K. The Place- ON The rendering as ‘willow T h e reco rd for Ruxley Names of Kent, p63 SEAL copse’ can be discou n ted as Hundred is incom plete. It is Sm ith A.H. English Place- ANOTE these are too prevalent in the divided into six sections: Name Elem ents, Part 11 area to be used as a nam e to H e v e r, Bexley, Bexley Fo o t s p117 ON distinguish an y on e p lace; Cray, Cudham , Chelsfield and SEAL which leaves the ‘m uddy Orpington. The two last have 2. Sm ith op.cit. ANOTE pond’. only four nam es sh ow n out of There is a m uddy pond a possible sixty-one (they are 3. Gelling Dr M. The ON at Seal. Until the very recen t all num bered) but this is Landscape of Place-N am es, SEAL enough. Under the Manor of p63 and a personal commu- past it has draw n attention to ANOTE itself by reg u larly flooding the Chelsfield the nam e Apsolon nication junction of two ro ad s leading is present, and under the ON sou th just outside the village. Manor of Orpington the 4. Sm ith op.cit. SEAL Discu ssions w ith Dr Gelling nam e of John de la Zele and D r Paul Cullen, Anglo- (S eal). T h e latter speaks for 5. Knocker H.W. The Valley ANOTE Saxon language expert work- itself and the nam e Apsolon, of Holmesdale, A.C.XXXI ON ing on the place-nam es vol- now rendered Absalom , is p167 SEAL um e for Kent, Hampshire and still present as a property at S u rrey, have led to the con clu- th e then southernm ost 6. Ward Dr G. Lay ANOTE sion that the village w as boundary of Seal Parish (n ow Subsidies, Sevenoaks Library ON nam ed for this m uddy pond, U n d erriver). This n am e is Archives SEAL and not a hall. distinctive, and there is n o Another fact which has duplicate in the reco rd s relat- 7. Birch W de Gray. ANOTE puzzled historians and has ing to northw est Kent. These Cartularium Saxonicu m N o .346 ON been attributed to an erro r on entries indicate that even two Wallenberg J.K. Kentish ANOTE the part of the scribes com pil- cen turies after Domesday was Place-N am es, pp133-5 For ing the record,5 is that in com piled som e land holdings identification of place nam es Domesday B ook this village is at Seal were outlying areas of Saw yer P.H. Anglo-Saxon entered (as La Sela) under Ruxley H un dred, and that Charters, p115 Ruxley (then called implies the entry in that Witney K.P. The Jutish H e l m e s t r e i) H u n d red lying reco rd was correct. It is rein- Forest, p219 adjacent to the north w est forced by the fact that the boundary of Coddesheath ow ners of the various Ruxley Hundred which is w here the Manors can be dem onstrated Spring 2002 15 ‘ID E A S a n d ID E A L S ’ This is the secon d of a series of articles describing form ative movements and ideas in the history of the church. T h ese were the crises of thought and con viction which brought us to w h ere we are.
THE TH EM O N A S T I CI D E A L MONASTIC riting at the end of his life ru ral Italy. But therein lay the ru b : donations. Gifts of goods, property, ID E A L Bede noted how young what adjustments and how far? ch ildren (oblates) and the death- men were being draw n The prologue of the Ru l e bed taking of vow s – all these were THE into the m onastic life enjoined absolute obedience: only the cu rren cy of salvation; Bede him- MONASTIC aw ay fro m studying the by the ‘labour of obedience’ cou ld self had been an oblate and the sys- arts of w ar: ‘What th e man’s first disobed ience, the sou rce tem survived into the 12th cen tury. ID E A L resu lts of this w ill be the of original sin, be redeem ed. If you were rich enough you helped THE future will sh ow .’ Within less than a Poverty, absolute in personal term s found an abbey. No wealthy m an, MONASTIC cen tu ry th e D an ish raids had (‘naked we follow the naked Christ,’ wrote W illiam of Malmesbury in ch an ged the picture drastically; but said St Bernard, echoed later by St the 12th cen tury, but thought sh am e ID E A L not just the raids. A sser pointed out Francis), hum ility, ch astity – these of himself if he had not con tributed THE in his life of Alfred that the monas- were the cardinal principles that to the building of a monastery. teries had brough t som e of th is underlay monastic life. Monks were Th ere w ere just under fifty MONASTIC decline on them selves w ith their not to leave the m onastery. Prayer, abbeys in England at the time of the ID E A L ‘too great abundance of wealth.’ the Opus Dei - the six divine services Conquest (including eight nunner- Here, at its b eg inning, we prescribed - manual labour, read ing, ies). These were the old Benedictine THE already see the problem that beset sleep (eight hours in w inter, six abbeys like St Augustine’s an d MONASTIC mediaeval monasticism . In its very in summer) - this w as their life, Christ Church in Canterbury, large su ccess lay the seeds of its failure. a regime of intensely organised well endow ed com m unities w ith ID E A L The history of the four and a half activity. ‘Id leness is the enem y of establish ed tradition s of learning THE cen tu ries betw een the C on quest the sou l,’ said the Rule. So the dor- and important ro les in their local MONASTIC and the Dissolution is a h istory of mitory, the cloister, the field, the econom y. Then, within a century su ccessive attem pts to rem ed y this. refectory, its simple fare and silence the num ber of religious houses had ID E A L And in the cou rse of this, astonish - (m o st o f th e d a y ) b eca m e th e risen ten-fold. This was not a mere- THE ing individuals made their indelible monks’ world. T h ey w ere n o t to be ly A nglo-N orm an phenom enon: m a rk o n E u ro p ea n h isto ry w ith ordained; they were foot- s o l d i e r s religious fervour w as continent- MONASTIC ideals of Christian living that would rather than officers of Christ and as wide. England’s 10t h c e n t u r y ID E A L be an inspiration for all time. It su ch h u m ble sym bols of th e monastic revival had m irro red an d would be easy to write this accou n t prom ise of salvation. The abbot’s draw n part inspiration from the THE in term s of these individuals. ro le w as that of loving parent, Cluniac reform s in France. When MONASTIC Benedict, Odo, Hugh, Bernard, guardian of their sou ls for which he Cluny, with its h u ge bu ilding pro- ID E A L Dominic, Francis – all saints, all would be answ erable on the day of gramme and network of daughter inspirers o f m o n astic m ovem ents judgem ent; but unlike a parent he houses seem ed to be abandoning THE which ch an ged the face of ch u rch was to be elected by the monks. th e p u rity o f th e R u le, the MONASTIC history. But these movements oper- This is a gross oversimplifica- Cistercians w ere there to w rench it ated w ith in a political con text tion of the inspired and pow erful back to fundam entals; and at the ID E A L which like an ocean undertow w as s e v e n t y -th ree ch a p ter d o cu m en t end of the 11th cen tury a reform ing THE often pulling in the opposite direc- which bou n d the forces of western papacy under Gregory V II fought to tion. It was this political cu rren t Christianity into one organised purge the church of abuses an d MONASTIC which finally overw h elmed the whole and laid the foundations for push back the limits o f secu lar ID E A L whole movement. the hugely important sym bolic role pow er in a ch u rch -state confro n ta- Monasticism ’s origins lay in monasticism h eld in m ediaeval tion that would soon have its paral- THE Egypt. St Anthony, a third cen tury society. The m onastery provided a lel in England. MONASTIC farm er, fled civilisation for the life passport to salvation: follow the The colonisation of England by ID E A L of a desert hermit. He was em ulated Rule and your sou l would be saved . su ccessive m onastic m ovem en ts by his friends and the movement Thom as a Kempis, writing to a wid- has been likened to tribal incur- THE grew . Three cen turies later Benedict ow ed m other who was loth to see sions, but unlike earlier invasions MONASTIC of Nursia similarly escaped R om e, her only son take vow s, argued: ‘Is these had the king’s b lessing: set up a community with twelve fol- it not safer for him to serve God in French m onks were natural ro yal ID E A L low ers and later expan ded it to the cloister than to lose his sou l allies (interestingly, Hugh of Cluny - other groups. The Rule Benedict with thee in the world?’ Losing your mistru stful of William ’s m otives? – wrote for them was his respon se to sou l meant going through ‘th e refused his offer of an annual fee in the eternal question, how to follow flam es of everlasting inextinguish - retu rn fo r a reg u lar supply of the spiritual life in a wicked world. able fire.’ Christian ideology am ply monks). But Lanfran c, h o rrified at It was not the first su ch Rule but it reinforced the legacy of fear fro m the m onks’ spiritual laxn ess w h en was the one that took root; and the pagan past. But as w ell as sav- h e arrived at Christ Church fro m w h en su ccessive reform ers tried to ing the sou ls of their inm ates and of Bec, persuaded a group of Cluniacs bring the movement back to its first the departed, monasteries offered to com e to a priory at Lew es. Several principles it was to this R u le that hope to those outside their w alls. other Cluniac houses w ere set up they looked. It w as accepted later The Rule had prescribed m ass once but the highly cen tralised nature of that adjustments had to be made – a w eek and on feast days. their organisation prevented it tak- after all, life in m ediaeval society In evitably, though, a m ass industry in g o ff in the w ay of more was a far cry fro m sixth century developed, with accom pan ying autonom ous later O rders. The Spring 2002 16 Cistercians w ho follow ed w ere an Gregory’s priory to set up a school thinking in many ways, whether in altogether different matter. A form i- for grammar and music for local cit- the form of barefoot monks walking dable force both in num bers and izens. Meanwhile C h rist C h u rch , through the snow in Canterbury physical stam ina, their foundations like St Augustine’s, was a major (‘all who saw it shuddered to see were spiritual pow erhouses landow ner: by the 12th cen tury it them go’ wrote a con tem p o rary) or (R ivaulx under A ilred , for ow ned nearly half the houses in and of con tro versial thinkers like the instance). This cou ld lead to clashes around the tow n. But property great Franciscan teacher Ro g e r with older establish m en ts. The first cou ld bring law suits; endow m ents, Bacon who went to jail.. monks at Fountains (who initially obligation s - som e ben efactors The con vu lsions of the 14th cen - THE had to sleep under a tree and sur- looked on the priory as a future tury – the Hundred Years W ar, the vive on a diet of leaves) had left retirem ent hom e. At no point, Black D eath an d the Pe a s a n t s ’ MONASTIC their o riginal Benedictine abbey in th o u g h , did th e o u tside w orld Revolt – added to the underm ining ID E A L York against the wish es of their in tru d e m ore b ru tally on to the of the old order. Monastic popula- THE abbot. Each side appealed to monastic th a n o n th a t g rim tio n s n ever reco vered after those C anterbury an d at one point an December afternoon in 1170 w hen plague years. The schism in the MONASTIC open fight broke out. But notwith- arm ed knights storm ed in on the Papacy, now based in Avignon on ID E A L standing su ch problem s within less terrified monks and their archbish - the borders of unpopular France, than a hundred years th ere w ere op. Becket’s martyrdom then w e a kened religious loyalties (see THE over forty C istercian foundations, brought th e p riory still more Piers Plow m an’s derision of ‘th e MONASTIC independent houses but linked by wealth. ro b b er Pope of France’). By the time the General Chapter or annual gen- Each of the eleven religious of C h au cer th e u n ravelling had ID E A L eral m eeting of abbots which was a orders that set up houses in gone far. His pilgrims may be carica- THE Cistercian innovation. All save a England during the 12th cen tury tures but they were su rely reco g n is- handful of these houses were in sou gh t its ow n way of dealing with able to contem p o raries – the pri- MONASTIC areas that had once been within the th e pressu res of the world. While oress with her little dogs and gold- ID E A L dom ain of Celtic C h ristianity, the the Carthusians retreated fu rther en ‘Am or vincit om nia’ brooch, the THE wilder parts of England su itable for into the contem plative life of the fat am iable friar and the hunting the austere life and (as it soon tran - c l o i s t e r, the Augustinian canons monk; and it is th e m o n k w h o MONASTIC spired ) for the rearing of sheep. and the Prem onstratesians (taking sou n d s the death-knell of monasti- ID E A L The tran sition fro m b are su r- their R u le fro m S t Augustine of cism w ith his d ism issive phrase: vival to large scale land ow ning was Hippo) em braced pastoral work as ‘Lat Austyn have his sw yn k to him THE slow but inexorable. The w ool trad e well as poverty and labour as the reserved .’ So m u ch for the ‘obedi- MONASTIC was taking off, the population basis o f th e A p o sto lic life . The ence of labour,’ he’s saying, so much grow ing, tow ns and trad e ex p an d - Gilbertines, founded by G ilbert of for Rules. ID E A L ing. St Bernard had lived in what a Sem pringham , set up double hous- The m onastic ideal which h ad THE con tem p orary h ad likened to a es for m en (A ugustinians) and cem en ted society, kept learning and MONASTIC leper’s hut. But su ch days were over. w om en (B en edictines), th e latter literacy alive and acted as spiritual With the new w ealth came more m eeting a social need for a women’s safeguard for generations of believ- ID E A L co m p lex finances; and debts. establish m en t which did not carry ers was in decline. To som eon e like THE With al their h u g e incom es m ost the aristocratic overtones of the old the 15th cen tury Thom as a Kempis, abbeys, supporting inflated popula- Benedictine nunneries. The quoted above, it had lost none of its MONASTIC tions of lay brethren an d hire d Cistercians too unw ittingly con- red em p tive pow er, but in England ID E A L lab o u rers, lived beyond their tributed to greater social mobility by the groundswell against it w a s means. Standards of living bringing new classes of workmen gathering. THE inevitably w ent up - as Giraldus and w om en into their d o m a ins. The impulse w h ich gave rise to MONASTIC Cam brensis n oticed w h en h e sat These ch an ges were reflected in the monasticism finds curious expres- dow n to a six cou rse meal with the gradually shifting em phasis in sion in the 21s t c e n t u r y. Those ID E A L monks of Christ Church Canterbury monastic cu lture that helped pave Protestant sects w h ich em ph asise THE in the 1180s. In crea singly the old the way for the most rad ical of the separation fro m the world, as w ell MONASTIC ru les (an d Rule) were having to be new Orders, the mendican t friars. as latter-day R om an and A nglican rethought. Backed by that most pow erful of coen obites join com pany w ith less ID E A L Christ Church is a good exam ple mediaeval popes, Innocent III, the disciplined escapists of every hue THE of how im possible it was to keep Dominican s an d the Franciscan s who look for reality aw ay fro m life worldly affairs out of the monastery. opened a new phase in the monas- as it is lived, Keble’s ‘trivial ro u n d ’ MONASTIC From the 10th cen tury on it had tic movement. The life of Christ and ‘common task.’ ID E A L been one of several cathedral prior- cou ld only be lived in the world, in ies, taking the place of the chapter absolute poverty: th is w as th eir E.Cairn s. THE of secu lar clergy. Su ccessive kings m essage, their m ethod to prosely- MONASTIC had fought for this ch an ge; tise. The first friars arrived in 1224 ID E A L Lanfranc at first resisted then and were welcom ed by arch bish op Bibliography accepted it, but at least two later Langton. After spending two days archbish ops tried to set up colleges in Canterbury they w ent on to Robert Bartlett for secu lar clergy (on e attem pt was London, establish ing m issions in England under the Norman and at Hackington), only to be thw arted those cities and O xford - centres Angevin Kings by their m on k s. Like its sister w here more friar teachers would be Clarendon P ress 2000 house, St Augustine’s, Christ trained. The infant university w as G.C.Coulton Church was a major cen tre of learn- alread y aw ash with the intellectual Five Centuries of Religion ing, supplying books to clergy and tidal wave fro m 12th cen tury France Cam bridge University P ress 1923 laity. Education - literacy - was seen w here St Bernard had clashed with D.Knowles as an important adjunct to the Abelard’s ph ilosophy: ‘by doubting Christian Monasticism Weidenfeld 1969 monastic ideal. Lanfran c had stipu- we com e to inquiry, and by inquiry C.H.Lawrence lated monks sh ou ld read one book a we perceive the tru th’ The m endi- Medieval Monasticism . year, and he granted a ch arter to St can ts too were to ch allenge existing Longm ans 1984 Spring 2002 17 LETTERS TO TH E EDITOR SPRIN G 2002
LETTERS TO THE Dear Editor Dear Editor EDITOR LETTERS Reference your article (Jan ’02) The follow ing notes will be of ing the lines in the Hales TO THE on the WW1 good luck token interest to any member in pos- Pedigree on page 36 of Mores, session of Edw ards Rowe but here it is easier to see what EDITOR found by Mr Bristow . He may be interested in these details: Mores’ History of Tunstall they sh ou ld be. I need to ch eck LETTERS (B ibliotheca Topographica the MS for the Harlackenden TO THE 1242 was the num ber given Britannica Vol I (1780) or the and Tong pedigrees, which both ‘The Fam ily of Tw ysden and have oddities in the publish ed EDITOR in the First Sportsm an Battalion to Private R.Stanley. Tw isd en ’ (1939), or both. work. LETTERS I have the history of the Bn Other erro rs in the publish ed TO THE (m y Grandfather was an early Tw ysden and Crowm er history occu r in the selected On page 77 of the accou n t of extracts fro m the first Church member) and Stanley does not EDITOR the Tw ysdens we read that in Register. The m arriage of appear on the casu alty lists 1511 Thom as Royden (a William Crowm er & Elizabeth LETTERS although many members of the Tw ysden ancestor) m arried Guildford is given in the book TO THE Bn were commissioned into Margaret Whetenhall of East as 1st October 1561, w hereas in other Regiments and would not EDITOR Peckham , whose mother was the Register it is 1560; the birth appear on the Bn Roll of LETTERS the daughter of Sir Jam es and baptism of twins Jam es Honour. Crowm er of Tunstall. and B arbara is sh ow n as 25th TO THE Mrs Cunliffe-O w en con - A footnote read s: For the Pedigree May 1562, when the Register EDITOR ceived the idea of raising a Bn of Crowm er see E.R.Mores’ ‘History has 1561. Since a daughter LETTERS of over the enlistment age men and Antiquities of Tunstall…etc’. Jan e was born 12th Septem ber who, by their life as sportsm en , TO THE Mores does not mention any daugh- 1562 (book & Register), the were still hard and fit. The ters of Sir Jam es and makes Anne book dates do not make sen se. EDITOR resu lt was a unique (for the daughter to Sir William , the son of I have yet to ch eck the MS to LETTERS time) Bn of volunteers of all Sir Jam es. This accords ill with the see who was at fault – it might TO THE classes. Many would normally dates, and if it is tru e as stated by have been an agent of Mores in have been commissioned Mores that Sir Jam es’s wife was still Tunstall who extracted the EDITOR straight into a Regt. unm arried at the death of her father entries for him. A letter in the LETTERS The unit becam e the in 1464, it is impossible. Mores’ papers at the Bodleian TO THE 23rd (S ervice) Battalion, Royal In fact Mores did not make makes clear that he wrote to Fusiliers and was stood dow n Anne daughter to Sir William . Churchw arden Charles Stanley EDITOR in 1919. The casu alty rate was Nich ols (or his servan ts) did with queries. LETTERS terrible. when preparing Mores’ work On the su bject of Mores and TO THE Mrs Cunliffe-O w en becam e for publication. The Pedigree erro rs, an erro r concerning Mrs Stam ford OBE. on pages 22-24 of the publish ed Edw ard Rowe Mores himself is EDITOR work have the nam es more or to be found in the book LETTERS Yours sincerely less as Mores wrote them . ‘Equitable A ssu ran ces’ by TO THE A.J.Bruce However, the lines linking them M.E.Ogborn. The author states together are nothing like the that in his early years Mores EDITOR Editor’s note: original. In Mores’ manuscript lived at Gore Court in Tunstall, LETTERS Apologies to M au reen Bennell, the at the Bodleian Library (M S which his father ow ned. He did TO THE original con tributor of the article Gough Kent 17) Jam es not live there! They had a ten - Crowm er and his wife ant farm er at Gore Court, but EDITOR whose nam e was om itted in January. The article prom pted a Catherine are sh ow n as having them selves lived in the new cou ple of people to con tact me wish- six ch ildren, including Anne Rectory which Edw ard Mores ing to find out inform ation about and her sisters sh ow n just (sen ior) built in 1712, a year their forbears who were Bn mem- below George and William , and after his arrival in Tunstall, a bers; I was pleased to be able to put John sh ow n just below them . picture of which as it was in them in touch with each other and The descent line fro m William 1760 is to be seen in Mores’ with Mr Bruce. and Alicia (nee Haut) goes book. dow n the side of the page to the bottom line of nam es who are Brian P. Turner the ch ildren of William and Alicia. There are similar erro rs reg ard -
Spring 2002 18 In t e rested in CH U RC H E SA N DC A S T L E SP ROVIDE Local History? ES S E N T I A LH A B I TA T Join the British A ssociation for Local History and receive 4 issu es a year of The Local Historian, offering lantlife, Britain’s only nation- vives in dry sh ad y places su ch as win- FURTHERING stimulating ideas and essential guid- al membership charity dedi- dow tracery, weathered stone window ance, and 4 issues a year of Local LOCAL cated exclusively to conserv- fram es, recessed m ou ldings and ren- History News, with topical news, view s ing all form s of plant life in dered w alls. It is extrem ely slow to HISTORY and notices. Also available are one-off their n atural habitat, is call- grow and therefore likes to be left publications at reduced prices, includ- FURTHERING ing for ow ners of ancient alone. ing the best-selling ‘Researching and LOCAL buildings in Kent to look after Dr Jenny Duckworth, Plantlife’s Writing History’ and a catalogue of the plants w h ich m ay thrive on their Biodiversity R esearch M an ager says HISTORY books w ith titles relating to the external walls. Ancient buildings and “These ancient and historical build- sou rces, m ethods and approaches FURTHERING ch u rch yards are particu larly impor- ings really take on a w hole n ew used by local historians. tant places for finding lich en s – plant- dimension once you realise that they LOCAL Further inform a- like form s com prising two organism s, are extrem ely important wildlife habi- tion fro m : BALH, PO HISTORY an alga and a fungus, ro lled tats.” Box 1576, Salisbu ry into one. W hile the For more inform ation, or to get a FURTHERING SP2 8SY or alga supplies essen tial copy of the management leaflet www.balh.co.uk LOCAL foodstuffs, the fungal ‘C h u rch yard Lecan actis: Old w alls partner provides Can H arb o u r Secrets’ con tact Plantlife HISTORY anchorage. on 020 7808 0100, FURTHERING Plantlife is so con - e-m ailenquiries@ plantlife.org.uk LOCAL cern ed about one su ch rare or write to 21 Elizabeth Street London lich en , th e C h u rch ya rd SW 1W 9RP. HISTORY L ecan actis (L ecan actis FURTHERING hem isph aerica), that it is cu rren tly advising LOCAL those responsible for HISTORY managing churches and castles on the best ways to FURTHERING lo o k a fte r th e se u n u su a l LOCAL plant communities. HISTORY Found along the southern and south-eastern coast, grow - FURTHERING ing on w alls w here there is n o LOCAL direct su n light and little rain, th e C h u rch yard Lecan actis su r- Som e of the rare lich en on our ch u rch buildings. HISTORY FURTHERING LOCAL HISTORY FURTHERING Trying to get a project off the grou n d ? LOCAL HISTORY he Local Heritage In itiative Kentish C ob n u ts A ssociation to tion/set of ru les for the South East Region enable work with local communi- What size grants are available? FURTHERING may be able to help! Th e ties and grow ers to interpret the £3000-£25,000 LOCAL LH I is a n ation al grant history of this traditional Do I have to raise any cash? sch em e, managed by The industry an d the ‘Heritage There is a minimum cash con - HISTORY Countryside Agency, Tales’, which aimed to tribution of 5% th at h elps introdu ce ch ildren to the Is there a closing date? local groups landscape heritage of No, LH I is open all year and is to investigate, the North Dow ns expected to run for at least 10 explain and through a series of years. A 3-month decision is care for their plays and perfor- guaranteed between Sept- M a y. local landscape, mances. During the summer this cou ld landm arks, trad i- Who can apply? take a little longer tions and culture. New or exist- How can I find out more? Funding com es via ing community A pplication pack – 0870 the Heritage Lottery and voluntary 9000401 Fund and the groups as long General advice – Kevin Haugh Nationw ide. as they have an or Lisa Birch on 01622 765222 Som e exam ples of o p e n The Countryside Agency, recen t gran ts include b a n k / b u i l d- Sterling House, 7 A shford Road, the ‘Kentish P lats’ pro- ing society Maidstone M E14 5BJ ject, a w ard ed to th e accou n t and a constitu- Ke v i n . h a u g h @ c o u n t r y s i d e . g o v.uk or www.lhi.gov.uk Spring 2002 19 vation of graves, D ave now appears som ew h at blasé, stating that the first Dave Perkins PhD, MSc, MIFA tw o o r th ree h u n d red are th e b est! Although he leaves the study of bones to the experts, working out stature, age Di rector - The Trust for Thanet Arch a e o l o g y and sex is of interest, as is d iscovering reas of Britain have archaeolo- on Rom an & Saxon Dark Age glass major trau m a. It is the story that the gy w hich has becom e synony- fro m Kent. buried individual can reveal which fas- BACK PAGE mous with one person - think In 1 9 8 7 the Trust fo r T h a n et cinates. Prehistory is an other major of Francis P ryor an d the Fens Archaeology (“not Thanet Arch Trust - interest, as his P h D , aw arded in 2001, PEOPLE or John Coles and the we couldn’t let it be TAT for short!”) reveals, exploring the notion of Thanet BACK PAGE Som erset Levels. ’Thanet’ and cam e into being, with Dave as Director. as a ‘gateway community’ during the ‘Dave Perkins’are just su ch a Bronze Age to the m id Iron PEOPLE com bination; Kent’s north-east- Age. BACK PAGE ern outpost has benefited fro m Asked about the future of 25 years of investigation by a archaeology, Dave is d espon - PEOPLE man born and bred to the area, dent that am ateur archaeolo- BACK PAGE with a passion for his h om e gy appears to be languish ing, landscape and the stories that praising am ateurs as the ‘light PEOPLE its w ea lth of archaeological cavalry’ of the professionals, BACK PAGE rem ains can reveal. I w en t to vital for relaying inform ation m eet him and hear his story ... and also for stimulating the PEOPLE Born in Ram sgate in 1938, interest of youngsters. A t a BACK PAGE Dave’s interest in the past was local level, he is con cern ed PEOPLE stimulated by a father who read that the lack of any facility for avidly within historical su bjects the display of material cou ld BACK PAGE and further fuelled by h is lead to the archaeology and PEOPLE maternal grandm other’s tales. history of h is area b eing This rem ark ab le w om an, who ignored. BACK PAGE cam e fro m g en erations of local An accident on site in PEOPLE “fish erm en w ith ploughs”, had 2001 fractured a fem ur and a huge fund of memories and hospitalisation led to MRSA* - BACK PAGE folklore and “could m ake the Dave can never get into the PEOPLE Sprackling m urder of 1653 trenches with a tro w el again. seem like only yesterday!“ He remembers lying w aiting BACK PAGE However, there was no chance for the am bulance, covered in PEOPLE of a working class lad pursuing coats, th inking “this isn ’t BACK PAGE his interest - the few University much like Time Team !” archaeology cou rses w ere peo- Many KAS members will PEOPLE pled by those that cou ld afford Based in Broadstairs since 1988, the know D ave fro m the KA S - BACK PAGE to indulge their cu riosity - m oreover, a Trust has w orked on m any projects, fu n d ed M inster Villa training dig. ch ildhood blighted by brittle bones and notably the Iron Age ‘hill fort’ settle- Others will have listened to him talk PEOPLE much time in hospital had led to a lack ments at North Forland and South animatedly at con ferences, som e w ill BACK PAGE of con ven tional schooling. Dumpto n an d cu rren tly the fascinating have been students in his field archaeol- PEOPLE So D ave follow ed his artistic ben t sh ipw reck of Stirling Castle, su n k in ogy classes. D ue to retire in January and accepted a place at Margate A rt 1703. 2003, he will be much missed by the BACK PAGE School, specialising in book and techni- When asked for his m ost memo- archaeological community of Kent. This PEOPLE cal illustration, leading to w ork in the rab le site, Dave has no hesitation in will be no restful retirem en t though - he commercial art field. Settled into this nam ing the ‘enthralling’ Jutish cem eter- plans to w rite up som e of the interest- BACK PAGE life, he and a group of friends often ies at Ozengell, excavated from 1977 to ing excavations of the Trust and Thanet PEOPLE spen t Sunday afternoons exploring the 1980. H e asserts that there is n othing Archaeological Society, which , through locality; one Sunday in 1976 how ever, like a grave for learning the craft of field lack of funding, went unpublish ed . He his life was ch an ged forever follow ing a archaeology - they are a m icrocosm of will also h elp the Trust in an advisory su ggestion that they visit a dig at the the problem s and ch allenges of the pro- capacity. For the last 25 years archaeol- Lord of Manor, Ram sgate. O n arrival, fession. A n d the Thanet Jutish graves, ogy has ruled suprem e in his life; it Dave saw “a hippy, with an alum inium unique in their wide spectru m of differ- looks set to rem ain so! co rru g ated hut and a pup tent and a ing grave stru ctures, are especially ch al- series of holes in the ground.” The lenging, both in their ex cavation and (* flesh eating bug) ‘hippy’ (N igel M acP h erson -G ran t!) su bsequ en t interpretation. sh ow ed them round the site, w here a Although still enthused by the exca- The Ed. sm all henge m onum ent was being uncovered. A drive hom e, a quick change and D ave returned to the site. Copy deadlines for the next th ree issues are: July issue – M onday June 3rd,October issue – M onday Septem ber 2nd, He was introduced to ditch sections and January issue - December 2nd. was hooked. Within 4 months he was a The editor wishes to draw atten tion to the fact that neither she nor the Council of the KAS are answ erable for su pervisor on the M anpow er Services opinions which con tributors may express in their signed articles; each author is alone responsible for the Commission YTS and has w orked con- con ten ts and substance of their work. tinuously in archaeology since. A BSc in A rch aeological Scien ce EDITOR :LYN PALM ER through part time study gave him the 55 Stone Street, Tunbridge Wells, Kent TN1 2QU Telephone: 01892 533661 professional clout he felt he needed; the Email [email protected] academ ic w orld appealed and he went or [email protected] on to self-fund his M S c, con cen trated Spring 2002 20 Publish ed by the Kent Archaeological Society, The Museum, St Faith’s Street, Maidstone,Kent. ME 14 1LH