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Surry County HIS1~0R Y OF SURRY COUN1"'Y or Annals of Northwest North Carolina .._ ----,e ........... - ----=- -· THOMPSON ·ESCAPES 'l'HE INDIANS HISTORY OF SURRY COUNTY or Annals of Northwest North Carolina by ). G. HOLLINGSWORTH ..,_______________ _ COPYRIGHT, 1935, BY J. G. HOLLINGSWORTH TABLE OF CONTENTS Pnge Indian Inhabitants t I t t t I I t t t I I f I I I I t t I t t I I I I t t I t I t t t 1 White Explorers . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 11 Frontiersmen ..................... • • e t t I I t f I t • I f t t t 17 Frontier Life ..................... t I f I f f f If f f f f f I • f f 33 Ftuntier Troubles t t t t I I t I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I t t t I I I I t I 89 Early Land Grants ... t t I t t t t I I t t t I t I I t I I I I t I • t t I t I t 51 Surry County Created .................. 57 Regula tor Tron bles ........................ f I I f I I f I f 68 Beginning of the Revolutionary War ................. 71 Can1paign Against Indians .......................... 81 Last Years of the Revolution ........................ 89 Creation of New Counties ............................ 107 Political .......................................... 113 Military ............................................ 141 r,.r,. Man t1factt1ring .........•......................... •.• l 00 Agriculture • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .165 Ed11cation . : ........................................· 175 Church O1•ganizations ................................ 189 Ne,vswpapers • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .195 Social Groups ..................................... .201 Miscellaneous Facts ............................... 209 Surry Soldiers of Our Wars ................... 214 lVIanufacturing Data ............................. 269 ·Fat·ming Data .................................. 270 Officials-Natiorial and State ..................... 276 Surry Vote for Governor from 1886 to 1982 ........ 279 To my Mother and Aunts· who early taught me pleasures to be had in reading. ----------------------·- PREI~ACE It is with some hesitation and misgiving that the incidents narrated in the following sketches are exposed to public vie"' and criticism. In them are many facts which will shatter local legends and traditions, many very dear to the families vitally concerned; but ,vhioh ,vill not stand the penetrating light of facts and records. 1'hroughout this series of sketches there will be found few references to or use of traditions; ~uch material in the ,vriter 's belief should be compiled separately and viewed from a different angle than that of authentic history.· r:rhe first sketches are devoted to an approach of the set­ tlon1c11t of Surry County from a different angle from the cotnrnon practice of county historians. The efforts of Sir Walter Iialeigh to establish a colony in America is common knowledge, but the events of early Virginia ~istory have been passed over, especially those which had such a profotind influenee in causing tho people to move soutlnvard from Jamestown. 'l'here arc parts of this ,vork ,vhich are not prin1arily connected with Surry County history, but they have been set down in order to establish a clearer understanding of the events that transpired in the territory embraced in s·nrry County. · The vnst territory ,vhich first comprised the county, and its gradual breakup into counties has made it very difficult to determine ,vhat is essentially Surry County history and what beJongs to the ne,ver counties. The general rule follo\\1ed in these sket~hes is the discontinuance of reports of the vari­ ous sections as they assum'1d the responsibilities of a separate county. The first part of this work deals prhnarily ,vith the coining of ,vhite people, and the establishment of, their system of government over the regions that the Indians struggled to retain as their o,vn. 'r he second part is more varied and con­ siders the political, the military, th~ industrial, the agricul­ tural; the educational, the religious, the public press, and the rise of different social groups within the county. The work is open to criticism for containing more infor­ mation dealing ,vith the northeastern section of the county than any other part. 'rhis is to be regretted, but repeated requests to persons living in distant parts of the county for source material were disregarded. · · The ,vriter here ackno,vledges his appreciation for the constructive criticism and suggestions given by Dr. R. D. W. Connor, Chapel JiilI,· N. C. The suggestions of Dr. l\f. C. S. Noble, Chapel Hill, N. C., proved of inestimable value in securing data on certain periods of the county development. 'l'he reading and revising done by Supt. J. B. ll-0bertson, Burlington, N. C., and Mrs. Katheryn I-I. Bro,vn, IIarliugcn, 'l'exas, are duly appreciated.-Mount Airy, N. C., Nov. 1, 1935. CHAPTER ONE INDIAN INHABITANTS 'rhc early history of Surl'y County is shrouded· in uncer­ tainty of Indian invasions and occupations; this fact is evident from Indian sources, and is confirmed by reports of the earliest white traders and settlers in this section. Surry, Stokes, Rockingham, Forsyth, Yadkin, and Wilkes Counties ,vere in the section claimed by the Algonquians, Cherokees, 'ruscaroras, and Sauras; ,vhile the entire state ,vas subject to attacks of the Iroquois regardless of the tribe occupying the region. 1 'fhe successive invasions of these Indians seem to have co1ne from the north,vest. A glance at a map ,vill sho,v that North Carolina is on a line ,vith the ,vestern end of Lake Superior, the southern tip of Lake l\fichigan, and the Bering Strait. No,vhere else along the Atlantic coast is there evidence to be found of as many Indian linguistic stocks as thrf\ugh North Carolina.2 Investigations have shown that the Iroquois Indians' earliest known home "'as along the Saint Lawreuce river. 'l,hese people gradually extended their control along each side of the Great Lakes. 'l'he Cherokees at one time (lCCt1pied the southern and ,vestern tip of this · Iroquois advance.• 'rhe Cherokee legends and excavations have proved ·that the mounds of. the Ohio river regions ,vere constructed. by.. these Indians; even the legends of the Dela,vares assert that their enemies fought from mounds. In the Walam Ohun, the 1 Report of the Bureau of Ethnology•. 1898, 1>nge 20. 2 .Powell's 'Mnt> of North Arnericnn Indinns. 8 llnndbook of American Indians, Hodges, Vol. .I, pnge ~46. 1 INDIAN INHABITANTS Dela\\'ares declared they advanced from the north,vest, and only after the term of four chiefs. succeeded in driving the Cherokees toward the southeast. At last, after seventeen 1nore chiefs had served the tribe the ocean ,vas · reached, and at the end of six more leaders the appearance of the \\1 hite men ,vas noted. The Delaware migration was also confirmed by the Wyandots and the Cherokees.• With such facts it. is easy to surmise the Tuscaroras, the Nottoways, and the l\feherrin Indians ,vere forced at various times from the main body of Iroquois as fresh groups of invaders s,vnng round the southern end of the Great Lakes and drove the detached elements toward the southeast.11 The tribe of Algonquians had flrtnly planted the1nselves along the coast from N-orth Carolina north,vard to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, witl1 a connecting territorial clain1 through Maryland and Virginia to the l\Ussissippi Valley, where the main body of their linguistic stock resided. The . most powerful section of the Algonquians, near the Surry· County borders, ,vas the l\fonacares ,vho centered their claims about the Peaks of Otter and their chief villages ,vere l\fohoc, on the. Jatnes river; and Nabissan, on a branch of the Roa­ noke river." These places are mentioned by John Lederer in an account of his travels, in 1670, ,vhile exploring the upper James river and his southern trip to the lands drained by the Catawba river. '11he territorial claims of the Tuscaroras, an Iroquois lingl'list stock, came to the ,,icinity of Burlington, N. C., thence to the Roanoke river at a point near the junction of that river and the Dan, then along the course of the R-Oanoke to the Albemarle sound; the entire basins 0£ the Tar, Neuse, and Trent rivers ,vere ,vithin the territory of these Indians. The upper waters of the Cape Fear river ,vere also in their claims.' The history of Surry County is most YitaHy concerned with the activities of the Cherokees and the Sauras, in their struggle to establish definite claims to this region. 4 Report of Bureau of Ethnology, 189'8, part I, pnge 20, 11 Powell 'a Map of North American Indiana. 0 Powell's Map of North American Indians. 'Powell's Map of North American Indiana. 2 INDIAN INHABITANTS The Cherokees were the mountaineers of the southern Jn... dians. R,ecords show them to have been an aggressive people, and since their relations with ,1/hite men began they have shown a tenacity . of purpose that is difficult to match.· In fact, so wedded were these people to their mountains that even today they are in possession of a small part of their former empire,' and all the efforts of the national and state governments have failed to remove tbetn frotn the mountain fastness. · The original Cherokee territory comprised a bout forty thousand square miles ,vhich necessitated continual fighting in order to maintain their claims. '' As is always the case with tribal geography, there ,vere no fixed boundaries, and on every side the Cherokee frontiers were contested by rival claimant.s. In Virginia, there is reason to believe, the· tribe was held in check in the early days by Po,vhatan and the Monacans. On the east and southeast the Tuscaroras and the Catawbas ,vere their inveterate enemies, with hardly even a momentary truce within the historic period; and evidence goes to sho"' that the Saura or Chera,v .,vere fully as hostile.
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