DOCSLIB.ORG

Range Expansion and Noteworthy Records of Costa Rican Birds (Aves)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Range Expansion and Noteworthy Records of Costa Rican Birds (Aves) 14 1 141 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 14 (1): 141–151 https://doi.org/10.15560/14.1.141 Range expansion and noteworthy records of Costa Rican birds (Aves) Luis Sandoval,1, 2 Daniel Martínez,3 Diego Ocampo,1, 2 Mauricio Vásquez Pizarro,4 David Araya-H.,5 Ernesto Carman,6 Mauricio Sáenz,1 Adrian García-Rodríguez1, 7 1 Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, CP-11501-2060, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica. 2 Museo de Zoología, Universidad de Costa Rica, CP-11501-2060, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica. 3 CP-497-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica. 4 CP 024-4023, Jaco, Garabito, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. 5 Escuela de de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica. 6 CP-1-7100, Paraíso, 30201 Costa Rica. 7 Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil, 59078-900. Corresponding author: Luis Sandoval, [email protected] Abstract We present new distribution information for 19 species of Costa Rican birds. Thirteen species show changes in alti- tudinal distribution, 9 are recorded at higher elevations such as Egretta rufescens (Gmelin, 1789), Heliomaster con- stantii (Delattre, 1843), Myiozetetes cayanensis (Linnaeus, 1766), and Lonchura malacca (Linnaeus, 1766), and 4 are recorded at lower elevations, Panterpe insignis Cabanis & Heine, 1860, Empidonax albigularis Sclater & Salvin, 1859, Sayornis nigricans (Swainson, 1827), and Dacnis venusta (Lawrence, 1862). We recorded 2 forest understory species, Geotrygon montana (Linnaeus, 1758), and Grallaria guatimalensis Prévost & Des Murs, 1842, inside the area of the county with the most urban development. Finally, Saltator grossus (Linnaeus, 1766), which was restricted to Caribbean forest, was recorded at the South Pacific rainforest for the first time. Key words Antpitta; Caribbean region; Central Valley; heron; highlands; parrot; Pacific rainforest region. Academic editor: Michael J. Andersen | Received: 20 April 2017 | Accepted 6 December 2017 | Published 19 January 2018 Citation: Sandoval L, Martínez D, Ocampo D, Pizarro MV, Araya-H D, Carman E, Sáenz M, García-Rodríguez A (2017) Range expansions and noteworthy records of Costa Rican birds (Aves). Check List 14 (1): 141–151. https://doi.org/10.15560/14.1.141 Introduction Fernández-Ramírez 2012), Pacific rainforest species in the Central Valley and on the Caribbean slope (Sandoval The avifauna of Costa Rica is comprised of 920 spe- and Ellis 2006, Barrantes and Biamonte 2004, Martínez cies, including extinct, accidental, regular migrants, and et al. 2009), and dry-forest species recorded in Carib- residents (Sandoval and Sánchez 2016). Since the pub- bean or Pacific rainforests (Sandoval and Vargas 2007, lication of Stiles and Skutch (1989), the first field guide Sandoval 2013). These changes in distribution are to the birds of Costa Rica and the first comprehensive thought to be associated with landscape modifications compilation of bird species distribution in the country, and increasing of temperatures (Biamonte et al. 2011, the distribution of several bird species has changed (e.g. Sandoval 2013) for some bird species, but due to other, Sánchez et al. 1998, Sandoval et al. 2010, Biamonte unexplained reasons for others (Sandoval et al. 2010). et al. 2011). For example, notable records have been Changes in distribution and range expansion appear added of Caribbean species recorded on the Pacific slope to be an unstoppable phenomenon due to the constant (Alvarado-Quesada and Biamonte 2003, Sandoval and changes in land use, temperature, and climate change Copyright Sandoval et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unre- stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 142 Check List 14 (1) (Crick 2004, Prieto-Torres et al. 2016). Herein, we 1758), Little Blue Heron, due to a similar plumage color, provide new distribution information for 19 species of but the bicolored beak with pinkish base and black tip is Costa Rican birds. diagnostic of E. rufescens. This is the first inland and the highest elevational record documented for E. rufescens Methods in Costa Rica. Nyctanassa violacea (Linnaeus, 1758), Yellow-crowned Our records are based on specimens or opportunistic Night-heron. This species occurs along lowlands below observations, with supporting documentation, made 500 m on both coasts of Costa Rica (Stiles and Skutch between 1997 and 2016 from 15 localities in Costa Rica. 1989, Garrigues and Dean 2014). On 18 October 2013 Specimens were collected under permit (permit numbers we observed 1 juvenile perched on the edge of an artifi- 181-201-SINAC, SINAC-SF-611-SP-R-072-2014, and cial pond at Hacienda Las Cóncavas, Cartago province SINAC-SE-GASP-PI-R-059-2015) from the Ministerio (09°51′00″ N, 083°53′00″ W; 1350 m elev.). Juveniles del Ambiente y Energía de Costa Rica and the Sistema may be confused with Nycticorax nycticorax Linnaeus, Nacional de Áreas de Conservación. All collected 1758, Black-crowned Night-heron, due to similarities in individuals were deposited in the Museo de Zología, their plumage, but the entirely black beak occurs only in Universidad de Costa Rica (MZUCR). Identifications juvenile E. violacea (Fig. 1C). This is the highest eleva- were based on photographs and comparative specimen tional record in Costa Rica. material at MZUCR or on published information and illustrations (Stiles and Skutch 1989, Garrigues and Dean Chondrohierax uncinatus (Temminck, 1822), Hook- 2014). billed Kite. This species occurs mainly near wetlands in lowlands and foothills below 1000 m on both coasts Results (Stiles and Skutch 1989, Garrigues and Dean 2014). From February 1997–June 2016, we observed 75 individuals Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758), Muscovy Duck. (3.75 observations/year) of both juveniles and adults fly- This species regularly breeds on both coasts below 500 ing and feeding on snails near Jardín Botánico Lankester m in Costa Rica, mainly in freshwater wetlands with and (09°51′00″ N, 083°53′00″ W; 1350 m elev.) and at the without open water (Stiles and Skutch 1989, Garrigues Ujarras Valley area (09°49′38″ N, 083°49′00″ W; 1000 and Dean 2014). In the rest of the country, it is common m elev.) (Fig. 1D). On 15 April 2011, we found a dead to observe feral individuals in artificial lagoons, mainly female (MZUCR 4201) on the ground within a planted in parks at elevations up to 2000 m. Feral and wild indi- forest of the non-native Cupressus lusitanica Mill. in viduals can be separated based on behavior, plumage Concepción, Heredia province (10°02′02″ N, 084°03′38″ differences, and body size. Feral individuals have unusual W; 1500 m elev.). Another female was observed and plumage (e.g. white body patches, crests, or curly tails) photographed in Universidad Nacional main campus, and are smaller. Wild individuals do not approach humans Heredia province, on 21 March 2012 (09°59′56″ N, and are larger (pers. obs.). We observed 4 juveniles fol- 084°06′38″ W; 1154 m elev.). Individuals of this kite are lowing two adult birds in Angostura Reservoir, Cartago recognized by a hooked beak, pale iris, and yellowish to province (09°52′00″ N, 083°39′00″ W; 569 m elev.), orange lore. No other diurnal raptor has these characteris- on 20 November 2014 (Fig. 1A). We observed a single tics in the country. These observations represent the first individual foraging near a group of 50 Aythya affinis confirmed records in the Central Valley, and the female (Eyton, 1838), Lesser Scaup, in Cachí Reservoir, Cartago found at Concepción is the highest elevational record for province (09°49′38″ N, 083°49′00″ W; 1000 m elev.), on the species in Costa Rica. 21 November 2015. These individuals lacked plumage Gampsonyx swainsonii (Vigors, 1825), Pearl Kite. This characteristics that would suggest a feral origin (e.g. white species breeds along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, plumage and a crest) and moved away when approached. where it colonized from Panama in the mid-1990s, and Therefore, we are confident that these particular indi- sporadically has been recorded along the south Carib- viduals were wild. These 2 observations represent the first bean coast (Sandoval et al. 2010, Garrigues and Dean breeding evidence and the highest elevational record in 2014). From 8 February–23 May 2016, we observed a Costa Rica for non-feral individuals, respectively. pair flying and hunting at El Molino, Cartago province Egretta rufescens (Gmelin, 1789), Reddish Egret. This (09°51′32″ N, 083°55′38″ W; 1415 m elev.) (Fig. 2A). species occurs mainly in brackish waters along both coasts On 18 April 2016, we recorded an individual calling at of Costa Rica from November to April (Stiles and Skutch Jardín Botánico Lankester, Cartago province (09°51′00″ 1989, Garrigues and Dean 2014). We observed an adult N, 083°53′00″ W; 1350 m elev.), and the recording was foraging in an ephemeral lagoon inside a cattle pasture at deposited at the Laboratorio de Bioacústica, Universidad San Isidro de Coronado, San Jose province (09°58′59″ de Costa Rica (LBUCR002970). These individuals were N, 084°00′19″ W; 1389 m elev.), from 23 December recognized by the small size, buff front and cheeks, dark 2010–3 March 2011 (Fig. 1B). The dark morph of this gray to plumbeous back, white belly, and reddish thighs. egret may be confused with Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus, No other diurnal raptor has these characteristics. These Sandoval et al. | New records of Costa Rican birds 143 Figure 1. Photos of observed individuals at new localities (red dot), compared to current distribution in Costa Rica (bluish area on map of Costa Rica based on published information from Stiles and Skutch 1989 and Garrigues and Dean 2014). A.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Drive 125 Km, 2 H 29 Min Monteverde to Juan Santamaria Airport
    Monteverde to Juan Santamaria Airport Drive 125 km, 2 h 29 min Map data ©2017 Google 10 km Monteverde Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica Take Route 606 to Route 1 54 min (30.4 km) 1. Head southwest 56 m 2. Turn right 4.2 km 3. Turn left onto Route 606 7.3 km 4. Turn left at Restaurante EL Sol to stay on Route 606 Pass by Food Mart Brothers (on the left in 18.7 km) 18.8 km Continue on Route 1. Take Route 23 and Autopista José María Castro Madriz to Radial Francisco J. Orlich in Río Segundo. Exit from Route 1 1 h 30 min (94.4 km) 5. Turn left onto Route 1 Pass by Soda El Coyote (on the left in 3.2 km) 17.2 km 6. Take the ramp onto Route 23 Pass by Vigorones Caldera (on the left in 10.5 km) 11.9 km 7. Continue onto Autopista José María Castro Madriz/Route 27 Continue to follow Autopista José María Castro Madriz Partial toll road Pass by Ecopiscinas s.a (on the right in 6.1 km) 53.3 km 8. Take the exit 500 m 9. At the roundabout, take the 5th exit 170 m 10. At the roundabout, take the 2nd exit onto Radial El Coyol Pass by Corporación CAEST (on the left in 1.3 km) 4.1 km 11. At the roundabout, take the 2nd exit 180 m 12. Slight right onto Autopista Bernardo Soto/Route 1 Continue to follow Route 1 Pass by BODEGA ALAJUELA (on the right in 3.3 km) 6.8 km 13.
    [Show full text]
  • Procuencas Project
    Procuencas Project Authors: Alvaro Redondo-Brenes and Kristen Welsh Short title: Procuencas Project, Costa Rica Key Message: Hydrological fee based watershed conservation, forest preservation and reforestation to compensate landowners in Costa Rica. Suggested citation : TEEBcase by Alvaro Redondo-Brenes and Kristen Welsh (2010) Procuencas Project, Costa Rica, available at: TEEBweb.org What is the problem? The Procuencas project was implemented in Heredia province of Costa Rica. The main problems affecting watershed conservation in the region can be listed as deforestation, degradation due to unplanned urban growth, and the negative impacts of livestock in the area (Redondo-Brenes, Welsh, 2006). Which approach was taken? To overcome these problems, ESPH (Public Services Enterprise of Heredia) was created in 1976 as a public institution and was later transformed into a private institution in 1998. The company also provides electricity, sewage services, and public illumination to a total of 188,000 residents located in three municipalities—Heredia, San Rafael, and San Isidro - within the province of Heredia. ESPH obtains its water from five micro-watersheds - Ciruelas, Segundo, Bermúdez, Tibás, and Pará, which are located in northern areas of the Heredia province (Redondo-Brenes & Welsh, 2006). The Procuencas project was started in 2000 as an initiative of the ESPH. Procuencas is a private PES program for watershed conservation, independent of FONAFIFO (Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal), and it provides higher payments to the beneficiaries in its region than FONAFIFO does in the rest of the country. The landowners receive $540 per hectare for establishing new tree plantations, $210 per hectare for established plantations, $210 per hectare for forest conservation and regeneration, and $0.8 per tree for supporting the establishment of agro-forestry systems over a period of five years (FONAFIFO 2004, cited in Redondo-Brenes and Welsh, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Costa Rica Crime & Safety Report
    2020 Costa Rica Crime & Safety Report This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Embassy in San José. OSAC encourages travelers to use this report to gain baseline knowledge of security conditions in Costa Rica. For more in-depth information, review OSAC’s Costa Rica country page for original OSAC reporting, consular messages, and contact information, some of which may be available only to private- sector representatives with an OSAC password. Travel Advisory The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses Costa Rica at Level 2, indicating travelers should exercise increased caution due to crime. Review OSAC’s report, Understanding the Consular Travel Advisory System. Overall Crime and Safety Situation Crime Threats The U.S. Department of State has assessed San José as being a HIGH-threat location for crime directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests. Exercise increased caution in central Limon, Liberia, the Desamparados neighborhood in San Rafael, and the Pavas and Hospital neighborhoods in San José due to crime. Crime is a concern in Costa Rica; non-violent petty crime occurs most frequently. All individuals are potential targets for criminals. The majority of crime and safety threats to the U.S. official and private communities are opportunistic acts of theft. U.S. citizens commonly report theft of travel documents. Theft is common in highly populated and tourist areas, particularly in cases where individuals are not watching personal belongings closely, to include leaving items on beaches or in parked vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • TAG Operational Structure
    PARROT TAXON ADVISORY GROUP (TAG) Regional Collection Plan 5th Edition 2020-2025 Sustainability of Parrot Populations in AZA Facilities ...................................................................... 1 Mission/Objectives/Strategies......................................................................................................... 2 TAG Operational Structure .............................................................................................................. 3 Steering Committee .................................................................................................................... 3 TAG Advisors ............................................................................................................................... 4 SSP Coordinators ......................................................................................................................... 5 Hot Topics: TAG Recommendations ................................................................................................ 8 Parrots as Ambassador Animals .................................................................................................. 9 Interactive Aviaries Housing Psittaciformes .............................................................................. 10 Private Aviculture ...................................................................................................................... 13 Communication ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Birding the Madeira‐Tapajos Interfluvium 2017
    Field Guides Tour Report GREAT RIVERS OF THE AMAZON II: BIRDING THE MADEIRA‐TAPAJOS INTERFLUVIUM 2017 Aug 1, 2017 to Aug 16, 2017 Bret Whitney, Tom Johnson, and Micah Riegner For our tour description, itinerary, past triplists, dates, fees, and more, please VISIT OUR TOUR PAGE. Incredible sunsets were met with full checklists, full (and then empty) caipirinhas, and full stomachs back on our riverboat home, the Tumbira. Photo by guide Tom Johnson. An extended voyage into remote areas full of amazing birds but infrequently visited by birders? Yes, please! This two-week tour of the Madeira-Tapajos interfluvium (south of the Amazon) was chock-full of birds and lots of adventure in a comfortable setting with fantastic company. We kicked off this grand adventure in Amazonia in the bustling metropolis of Manaus where we boarded a comfortable and fast speed launch, checking out the meeting of the blackwater Rio Negro and the whitewater Solimoes just downstream from Manaus before blasting off. We shot down the Amazona and then up the Rio Madeira to the riverside town of Borba, cruising past Amazon River Dolphins, Horned Screamers, and Short-tailed Parrots along the way. Borba was our home for three nights, and we used this frontier base as our hub of land-based exploration of the right bank of the Madeira. This was a location notable for the ornithological collections of Natterer, and an area that Bret has visited repeatedly due to its interesting avifauna. Contrasting with a fire-choked season during the tour in 2015, we were fortunate to bird several excellent forest tracts this without issue - well, our endless stream of replacement VW Combi vans notwithstanding! Fortunately, our team on the ground managed our vehicle problems and we were able to continue birding.
    [Show full text]
  • Illegal Trade of the Psittacidae in Venezuela
    Illegal trade of the Psittacidae in Venezuela A DA S ÁNCHEZ-MERCADO,MARIANNE A SMÜSSEN,JON P AUL R ODRÍGUEZ L ISANDRO M ORAN,ARLENE C ARDOZO-URDANETA and L ORENA I SABEL M ORALES Abstract Illegal wildlife trade is one of the major threats to trade involves avian species, poached to supply both domes- Neotropical psittacids, with nearly % of species targeted tic and international demand for pets (Rosen & Smith, for the illegal pet trade. We analysed the most comprehen- ). Among birds, Neotropical psittacids are of primary sive data set on illegal wildlife trade currently available for conservation concern, with nearly % of species affected Venezuela, from various sources, to provide a quantitative by poaching for the illegal pet trade (Olah et al., ). assessment of the magnitude, scope and detectability of The data used to measure the magnitude of the illegal pet the trade in psittacids at the national level. We calculated trade in psittacids have come from four main sources: seiz- a specific offer index (SO) based on the frequency of ure records and surveys of trappers (Cantú Guzmán et al., which each species was offered for sale. Forty-seven species ), literature reviews (Pires, ; Alves et al., ), dir- of psittacids were traded in Venezuela during –,of ect observation in markets (Herrera & Hennessey, ; which were non-native. At least , individuals were Gastañaga et al., ; Silva Regueira & Bernard, ), traded, with an overall extraction rate of , individuals and observation of the proportion of nest cavities poached per year ( years of accumulated reports). Amazona (Wright et al., ; Pain et al., ; Zager et al., ). ochrocephala was the most frequently detected species Each source has a unique geographical and taxonomic (SO = .), with the highest extraction rate (, indivi- coverage and evaluates different aspects of the market duals per year), followed by Eupsittula pertinax (SO = .) chain.
    [Show full text]
  • Costa Rica and the Río Pacuare During Times of Free Trade and Regional Integration
    University of Nevada, Reno Hydropower Capital: Costa Rica and the Río Pacuare During Times of Free Trade and Regional Integration A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography By Denielle M. Perry Dr. Kate Berry/Thesis Advisor May, 2010 Copyright by Denielle M. Perry 2010 All Rights Reserved THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by DENIELLE M. PERRY entitled Hydropower Capital: Costa Rica and the Río Pacuare during Times of Free Trade and Regional Integration be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Dr. Kate Berry, Advisor Dr. Victoria Randlett, Committee Member Dr. Louis Forline, Graduate School Representative Marsha H. Read, Ph. D., Associate Dean, Graduate School May, 2010 i Abstract In response to neoliberal economic pressures since the late 1980s, protectionist policies of Central American countries have been reworked into an agenda that promotes free trade and regional integration. The Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) and the Plan Puebla-Panama (PPP) are complimentary trade and infrastructure integration initiatives that exemplify this neoliberal shift. Hemispheric concerns over climate change and energy security have translated into increased demand for “renewable” resources, moving the construction of new hydropower facilities to the forefront of planning for a regionally-integrated electricity system. In Costa Rica hydrological resources are considered to be the country’s greatest natural resource. The country’s “hydropower capital” has been regulated by the state for over half a century; however, new legislature is increasingly liberalizing private entry into the sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Metadc1 393263 REPRODUCED from BEST AVAILABLE COPY
    RME- 4062 U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION DIVISION OF PRODUCTION AND MATERIALS MANAGEMENT POSSIBILITIES FOR URA\NIU14 IN COSTA RICA By Edward K. Judd Washington, D. C. 20545 January 1955 metadc1 393263 REPRODUCED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. -2- RME- 4062 POSSIBILITIES FOR URANIUM IN COSTA RICA CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . 4 Geography . 4 Transportation, communication and industry . 4 Physiography and climate . 6 GENERAL GEOLOGY .............. '. 7 Deep-seated intrusives . 8 Extrusive and eruptive rocks . 9 METALLIC LODE DEPOSITS . ... .. .. ... 10 SUMMARY .. * . .0 . .0 0 .0 0 . 13 REFERENCES . .0. 14 ILLUSTRAT IONS Figure 1. Political map of Costa Rica . 0 . * . 5 Plate I. Geologic map of the highlands of Costa Rica . (in pocket) - 3 - RME-4062 POSSIBILITIES FOR URANIUM IN COSTA RICA INTRODUCT ION Geography The Republic of Costa Rica occupies the full width of the Central American isthmus, a minimum of 120 kilometers (75 miles) at this lati- tude, between Nicaragua on the north and Panama on the south (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Territorial and Electorate Size Influence: Participation/ Competitiveness in Costa Rica’S 2016 Local Scale Elections
    10.15446/rcdg.v30n1.79637 adernos de Geografía: Revista Colombiana de Geografía Territorial and Electorate Size Influence: Participation/ Competitiveness in Costa Rica’s 2016 Local Scale Elections * Daniel A. de Azevedo 1 + Bruno Lessa Meireles 2 Abstract In recent years, political geography has begun to revisit traditional geographical theories using quantitative methodologies. Size, location, density, position, and other important geographic characteristics have re- emerged as central data points in the analysis of political phenomena. In this article, we analyze possible relationships between size (territorial and electoral) and electoral outcomes (competitiveness and participation) in Costa Rica’s 2016 local (canton) elections. In this effort, we seek to revisit a tradition abandoned by some currents of geography, often erroneously associated with geographic determinism and widely criticized by geography researchers since the 1960s. Costa Rica was chosen for the study because it is considered one of the most successful democratic systems in Latin America, and it is now facing important issues about its new decentralization process. Linear Ordinary Least Squares (ols) regressions were used to analyze the 2016 elections in 82 Costa Rican cantones. This article reveals that there are important causal relationships between territorial size and electoral participation/competitiveness in Costa Rica. Conclusion Geographical analyses are crucial to understand voter turnout and competitiveness. Our conclusion could help Costa Ricans create new strategies to further develop their democracy and its decentralization process. Keywords: Costa Rica, electorate size, electoral geography, quantitative methodology, territorial size. Highlights: research article about electoral turnout and competitiveness in Costa Rica and its possible relationship with territorial and electoral sizes.
    [Show full text]
  • (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Península De Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
    A NEW LEPANTHES (ORCHIDACEAE: PLEUROTHALLIDINAE) FROM PENÍNSULA DE OSA, PUNTARENAS, COSTA RICA ISLER F. CHINCHILLA,1–3 REINALDO AGUILAR,4 AND DIEGO BOGARÍN1,5,6 Abstract. Lepanthes is one of the most species-rich genera of orchids in the Neotropics, with most of the species found in medium to high elevation forests and few species in lowlands. We describe and illustrate Lepanthes osaensis, a new species from the very wet lowland forest of Península de Osa, Costa Rica. It is similar to Lepanthes cuspidata but differs mostly in the vinous leaves; smaller sepals; the narrower, bilobed petals; and the smaller lip with triangular blades. Notes on its distribution, habitat, flowering, and conservation status, as well as discussion of a taxon with similar morphology, are provided. Keywords: Lepanthes cuspidata, orchid endemism, Pleurothallidinae taxonomy, twig epiphytes, very wet lowland forest Lepanthes Sw. is one of the most species-rich genera of Jiménez and Grayum, 2002; Bogarín and Pupulin, 2007; Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae), with over 1200 species Rakosy et al., 2013) and the continued long-term fieldwork from southern Mexico and the Antilles to Bolivia and by the second author (RA). A possible explanation is the northern Brazil (Pridgeon, 2005; Luer and Thoerle, 2012; marked seasonality between dry and wet seasons from Vieira-Uribe and Moreno, 2019; Bogarín et al., 2020). the north toward the central Pacific, contrasting with Lepanthes comprises plants with ramicauls enclosed by the prevailing wet conditions in the Caribbean throughout several infundibular sheaths, named “lepanthiform sheaths,” the year (Kohlmann et al., 2002). The most suitable areas racemose inflorescences of successive flowers, subsimilar, for lowland Lepanthes in the Pacific are the tropical wet glabrous sepals, petals wider than long, frequently bilobed forests from Carara in the central Pacific to Península with divergent lobes, the lip usually trilobed with the lateral de Osa and Burica.
    [Show full text]
  • The Best of Costa Rica March 19–31, 2019
    THE BEST OF COSTA RICA MARCH 19–31, 2019 Buffy-crowned Wood-Partridge © David Ascanio LEADERS: DAVID ASCANIO & MAURICIO CHINCHILLA LIST COMPILED BY: DAVID ASCANIO VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM THE BEST OF COSTA RICA March 19–31, 2019 By David Ascanio Photo album: https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidascanio/albums/72157706650233041 It’s about 02:00 AM in San José, and we are listening to the widespread and ubiquitous Clay-colored Robin singing outside our hotel windows. Yet, it was still too early to experience the real explosion of bird song, which usually happens after dawn. Then, after 05:30 AM, the chorus started when a vocal Great Kiskadee broke the morning silence, followed by the scratchy notes of two Hoffmann´s Woodpeckers, a nesting pair of Inca Doves, the ascending and monotonous song of the Yellow-bellied Elaenia, and the cacophony of an (apparently!) engaged pair of Rufous-naped Wrens. This was indeed a warm welcome to magical Costa Rica! To complement the first morning of birding, two boreal migrants, Baltimore Orioles and a Tennessee Warbler, joined the bird feast just outside the hotel area. Broad-billed Motmot . Photo: D. Ascanio © Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 2 The Best of Costa Rica, 2019 After breakfast, we drove towards the volcanic ring of Costa Rica. Circling the slope of Poas volcano, we eventually reached the inspiring Bosque de Paz. With its hummingbird feeders and trails transecting a beautiful moss-covered forest, this lodge offered us the opportunity to see one of Costa Rica´s most difficult-to-see Grallaridae, the Scaled Antpitta.
    [Show full text]
  • Caracterización Del Territorio
    2015 CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL TERRITORIO INSTITUTO DE DESARROLLO RURAL DIRECCION REGION PACIFICO CENTRAL OFICINA SUB-REGIONAL DE OROTINA Tel. 2428-8595 / Fax: 2428-8455 INDICE INDICE .................................................................................................................................................. 1 INDICE DE CUADROS ........................................................................................................................... 9 INDICE DE IMÁGENES ........................................................................................................................ 13 GLOSARIO .......................................................................................................................................... 14 CAPITULO 1. ANTECEDENTES HISTORICOS ....................................................................................... 16 1.1 ANTECEDENTES Y EVOLUCIÓN HISTÓRICA DEL TERRITORIO ........................................ 16 1.1.1 PUNTARENAS.................................................................................................................... 16 1.1.2 MONTES DE ORO .............................................................................................................. 17 1.1.3 MONTE VERDE:................................................................................................................. 19 1.1.4 ISLA CABALLO ................................................................................................................... 22 CAPITULO 2. ASPECTOS BIOFÍSICOS
    [Show full text]