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Washington Pioneer Square r. Form 10-300 STATE: (Dec. 1968) Washington COUNTY; NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES King INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER DATE (Type all entries — complete applicable sections) Pioneer Square - Skid Road District AND/OR HISTORIC: LOCATION STREET AND NUMBER: boundaries as marked on map ( See continuation Sheet) CITY OR TOWN: Seattle, 98104 COUNTY: Washington King CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE in OWNERSHIP STATUS •z. (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC District Building - Q] Public a Public Acquisition: Occupied . ft/ Yes: O Site Structure Private D In Process n Unoccupied Q Restricted (£] Both Being Considered Preservation work Unrestricted 0 Ob'jeet Q in progress Q No: D u Agricultural O Government Park Transportation D Comments Commercial Industrial Private Residence Other fSpec/fy; D Educational Military Religious Entertainment Museum Scientific OWNER OF PROPERTY OWNERS NAME: multiple owners and city-owned park LU STREET AND NUMBER: LLJ CITY OR TOWN: CO Seattle 5v|LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE.King REGISTRY County OF Auditor DEEDS. ETC:1 a Offr ice o STREET AND NUMBER: County Courthouse Z5 CITY OR TOWN: , Seattle, 98104 CODE APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: i'f REPRESENTATION f N EXISTING SURVEYS TITUE OF SURVEY: Municipal Art Commission List of Historic Buildings DATE OF SURVEY: 1968 Federol fl Stote Q County Local DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: Municipal Art Commission STREET AND NUMBER: Seattle Municipal Building CITY OR TOWN: CODE Seattle, 98104 Washington [7* DESCRIPTION (Check One) CONDITION Excellent Q Good £) Fair E Deteriorated f~| Ruins D Unexposed f~~] (Chock One) (Check One) INTEGRITY Altered D Unaltered £] Moved O Original Site s DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (If known) PHYSICAL. APPEARANCE The buildings in this district embody the distinctive characterietics of the Late Victorian of High Victorian style. They often show the hand of one architect, Elmer H, Fisher. The entire group contains a significant and very distinguishable homogeneity of style, form, character, and construction. For more than half of Seattle's history, the district has been the heart of the City's commercial and business life, and it is rich in association with the region ! s colorful past. Since those glamorous days, while having fallen into disrepute as an »rea of chaap hotels and taverns, it has continued to be part of the unique character and color of this waterfront city. Restoration of some of the buildings, notably by architect Ralph Anderson and Dick White, has helped to revive iritereet in the district 1 potential by showing both the financial feasibility and the architec­ m tural merit of such improvements. The architecture of the Bkid Road rn is the most consistent in the city due to the considerations of change in business location, mentioned in statement of significance. Now, there are many spatial voids due to demolition for parking lots, but not to the extent where continuity need be lost in effective future restoration. There has been little unsympathetic remodeling. Because of strict fire codes after the Seattle Fire of 1889, only 70 masonry materials have been used with forms and details.consistent C with the style and its era. Considerable variety is found among n the buildings. The Pioneer Building exhibits flamboj/lyant. patterns and variedjdetails typical of Victorian Romanesque^ The Maud Building H shows vari-colored brickwork and pleasing restraint and proportion. Some buildings, like the Maynard and Mutual Life Buildings, show o most ornamentation on the exterior. Others, like the L.C. Smith z Building, Smith Tower Annex, and a few restored buildings, show more noteworthy characteristics in their interior detailing. Many buildings are quite anonymoujfe in character and design and yet the simpl direct brickwork of stone masonry adds to the overall effect of the district by providing contrast within a range of homogeneity. The wooden windows, usually double-hung, helf) to give a consistent scale as well. Most of the buildings were built in 1889, .1890, and up to 1910. Most of the buildings have lost their cornices as a result of the 1948 earthquake. However, it proved their structural strength. Most of the buildings are structurally sound and^q&fa^^Kof restoration SICK I Ft CAN CE PERIOD (Check One or More as Appropriate) Pre-Columbion Q 16th Century Q 18th Century Q 20th Century 15th Century Q 17th Century Q 19th Century QJ SPECIFIC OATE(S) (If Applicable and Known) AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Abor (ginal Education a Political a Urban Pla Prehistoric D Engineering a Religion/Phi­ Historic fl Industry losophy a Agriculture a Invention Science a Art a Landscape Sculpture a Commerce Architecture a Social/Human­ Communications § Literature a itarian Conservation a Military a Theater a Music a Transportation a STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE (Include Personages, Dates, Events, Etc.) On February 15» 1852, the homestead stakes for land that ultimately became the city of Seattle were driven by the founding pioneers C.D. Boren, Arthur A. Denny, and William N. Bell. The area claimed now constitutes most of the present central business district and waterfront, ranging from z South Jackson Street to Denny Way. These men were part of the feroup o which had landed on November 15, 1851, at Alki Point, across Elliott Bay. They chose the new location as a better place from which to ship Jogs and lumber to booming gold-rush San Francisco, Dr. David S. Maynard arrived shortly thereafter with lumber and <J supplies from Olympia, to build the town's first structure, a combined store and home on the northwest corner of First South and S. Main. He was responsible for naming the town after his friend, Chief Sealth, or Seattle. In the spring of 1855, Henry L. Yesler was,encouraged to begin operating his steam sawmill at the location of the northwest corner of First Avenue and Yesler Way (Pioneer Square). This was Seattle's first and major industry. As lumber was selling for |60/thousand board feet in California, the new community prospered* LLI Yesler f s donation claim included a narrow .corridor encompassing ILI what is now Yesler Way «— the street from which the term Skid Road was derived. When the skid road was used to skid logs down to the mill, it was - a k$ff<> grade. When improved, it was eased to a 19$ grade,- to accommodate wagons and the Yesler-Leschi cable car which started from Pioneer Square. Most of the early settlers, and many of the Indians, worked in Yesler's mil The area that is known as the Skid Road and Pioneer Square was the heart of the community for more than the first half century of the town's existence. During this period, Seattle became the major city in the northwest quarter of the nation. June 6, 1889, Seattle suffered a major disaster when all of the docks and most of the business district were burned down. But immediate reconstruction and widespread publicity after the fire brought hordes of new people and much additional business. Statehood on November 11, 1889 made it possible for the town to spend money in public work, and the citizens declared their intentions to rebuild the Skid Road area into the most beautiful city center in the world. Because of the massive rebuilding within a short period after the fire, and partly because of the influence of one architect, Elmer H. Fisher, there is great homogeneity of style and construction in the Skid Road - Pioneer Square architecture. Although he is virtually unknown today, Fisher appears to have been responsible for the design of at least sixty buildings in Seattle, many of which were located in r Form 10-300o UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE (Dec. 1968} NATIONAL PARK SERV] Washington COUNTY NATIONAL REGISTER OF King INVENTORY - N FOR NPS USE ONLY DATE (Continuation ENTRY NUMBER (Number «// entrlet) the Skid Road area. / ...r _ ^^~, Since all rebuilt structureeN^fi^pi^d to be of brick, stone , and iron, the area has a unity of appearance, and a feeling of -substance. The buildings were constructed in a period of high prosperity and built most solidly. Streets were widened, grades improved, and street trees planted. The location was the crossroad of all transportation in the city, and so the fine iron pergola was built in Pioneer Square. That Square (really a triangle) was made into a small city park, and an authentic Indian totem pole was erected there. It has since been replaced as the original one was lost.. The area to the south of Tesler Way was originally boggy. During reconstruction, touch regrading was accomplished and all of the swamps were filled. As streets were regraded, roadways were filled between ^^ bulkheads, at the curbings op both sides of the street.and the sidewalks were bridged over to the buildings, sometimes leaving lower store fronts - to be reDlaced bv main entrances at the new upper street grades. Some / of this underground, the older city, is visible today,and is-seen on guided tours of the area. *J Seattle and this historic area prospered during the last decade of ti 19th century, always due to lumber, but also from other factors. James Hill's initiation of the operation of a combination of rail and shipping put Memphis cotton into Shanghai .197 days faster than any other means of transportation. The gold rush of the Klondike and Nome brought not only miners, but business, -and shipping to Seattle as the nearest large port. Seattle built ships for Alaska trade, and also became r,he center of the Mosauito Fleet of small steamers in Puget Sound. Following World War I, business moved northward out of the Skid Road, • and the area gradually fell into lower uses.
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