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Home , Art Deco, Art Nouveau, Bauhaus, Cubism, Cyclist (painting), Dada

20TH Century

Early styles based on SHAPE and FORM:

to show the ‘concept’ of an object rather than creating a detail of the real thing to show different views of an object at once, emphasizing time, space & the to simplify objects to their most basic, primitive terms

20TH CENTURY ART & Cubism &

Pablo Picasso 1881-1973 Considered most influential artist of 20th Century

Blue Period

Rose Period

Analytical Cubism

Synthetic Cubism

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Early works by a young Picasso

Girl Wearing Large Hat, 1901. Lola, the artist’s sister, 1901.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Period

Blue Period (1901-1904)

Moves to in his late teens

Coping with suicide of friend

Paintings were lonely, depressing

Major color was BLUE!

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Blue Period

Pablo Picasso, Blue Nude, 1902. BLUE PERIOD

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Blue Period

Pablo Picasso, Self Portrait, 1901. BLUE PERIOD

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Blue Period

Pablo Picasso, , 1903. BLUE PERIOD

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Blue Period

Pablo Picasso, Le Gourmet, 1901. BLUE PERIOD

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s work at the National Gallery (DC)

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Rose Period

Rose Period (1904-1906)

Much happier art than before

Circus people as subjects

Reds and warmer colors

Pablo Picasso, Harlequin Family, 1905. ROSE PERIOD

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Rose Period

Pablo Picasso, La Familia de Saltimbanques, 1905. ROSE PERIOD

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Rose Period

Pablo Picasso, La Familia de Saltimbanques, 1905. ROSE PERIOD

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Rose Period

Pablo Picasso, Girl With a Goat, 1906. ROSE PERIOD

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Proto-Cubism

Much more abstract than before…

Pablo Picasso, Composition with Skull, 1908.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Proto-Cubism

Constantin Brancusi, , 1907-08. Limestone.

Brancusi, one of the pioneers of geometric in , created many versions of The Kiss, further simplifying geometric forms and sparse objects in each version, tending each time further toward abstraction. His abstract emphasizes simple geometrical lines that balance forms inherent in his materials with the symbolic allusions of representational art. Here, the shape of the original block of material is maintained. This version of The Kiss is one of the artists most well known works.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso , Musical Instruments, 1908.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Georges Braque, Fruitdish, 1908-09.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Pablo Picasso, , 1921.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso

Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles D’, 1907.

“I paint forms as I think them, not as I see them”

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Major influences…

Paul Cezanne Femme de Vert (Post-Impressionist) 1909

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Major influences…

African Zimba Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Major influences…

African Zimba Mask Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Analytical Cubism

Analytical Cubism

Little contrast in color

Complex and systematic

Faceted shapes, translucent divisions of space

Differing views of the same subject in the same work

Invented by Picasso and George Braque - at the same time, but not really in

Retains some sort of depth

Pablo Picasso, Portrait of Vollard, 1910. ANALYTICAL CUBISM

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Analytical Cubism

Pablo Picasso, Aficionado, 1912.

ANALYTICAL CUBISM

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Analytical Cubism

George Braque, The Portuguese, 1911. Oil on canvas. ANALYTICAL CUBISM The Portuguese marks an interesting point in the development of Braque’s . In the top right hand corner, he stenciled the letters “D BAL” and under them, roman numerals. Although he had included numbers and letters into a in 1910, they were a representational element of the . In this piece, the letters and numbers are a purely compositional addition. Braque’s intentions at adding the letters are many, but mostly they are added to make the viewer aware of the canvas itself. In representational paintings, the canvas is there only as a surface to hold whatever image the painter desires. By adding numbers, out of context elements, and surface textures, he believed that the canvas can also hold outside elements, making the surface of the painting just as important as what is put on top of it.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Synthetic Cubism Synthetic Cubism Invented by Braque and Picasso

Puts forms back together after breaking them apart

“” comes from French word for “glue”

Foreign materials are pasted onto the design- makes the collage look like a real surface

Scraps are changed and painted on, giving them a double meaning

George Braque, Gillet, 1914.

New Space Concept - first since Masaccio

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Synthetic Cubism

Pablo Picasso, and Bottle of Suze, 1912.

SYNTHETIC CUBISM

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Futurism Futurism First announced on Feb. 20, 1909 Newspaper Le Figaro published a manifesto by the Italian and editor Tommaso Marinetti: We will fight with all our might the fanatical, senseless and snobbish religion of the past, a religion encouraged by the vicious existence of museums. We rebel against that spineless worshiping of old canvases, old and old bric-a-brac, against everything which is filthy and worm-ridden and corroded by time. We consider the habitual contempt for everything which is young, new and burning with life to be unjust and even criminal. To purposely intended to inspire public anger and amazement, to arouse controversy, and , Unique Forms of to attract widespread attention. Continuity in Space, 1913.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Futurism Boccioni, Dynamism of a , 1913. FUTURISM

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Futurism Boccioni, Rises, 1910. FUTURISM

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Futurism , The Cyclist. 1913. FUTURISM

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Futurism , Abstract Speed + Sound, 1913-1914. FUTURISM

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Art Deco The , NYC Art Deco

Art Deco was a popular design movement from 1920 until 1939, affecting the decorative such as architecture, , and . This movement was a combination of many different styles and movements of the early 20th century, including Constructionism, Cubism, , , , and Futurism. Its popularity apexed during the . Although many design movements have political or philosophical roots or intentions, Art Deco was purely decorative. At the time, this style was seen as elegant, functional, and ultra modern.

William Van Alen, The , 1930.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Art Deco The Chrysler Building, NYC

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Art Deco The Chrysler Building, NYC

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Art Deco The Chrysler Building, NYC

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Art Deco Elevators, The Chrysler Building, NYC

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Art Deco Simon Kenton HS, Independence, KY

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Art Deco Museum Center (formerly Union Terminal)

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Art Deco Other Art Deco Examples

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Art Deco Other Art Deco examples

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Art Deco Other Art Deco Examples

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Art Deco Other Art Deco Examples

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Art Deco Other Art Deco Examples

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE , Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17.

DADA

Started as a reaction to the horrors of WWI and Began independently in and NY French for “hobbyhorse”, but the word itself had no meaning Believed that and had been responsible for war Only was anarchy, irrationality, and intuition Pessimism and disgust of the artists helped them reject tradition- Arp pioneered the use of chance in artwork- released from the role of artist For Dadaists, the idea of chance comes from the unconsciousness- influenced by Freud

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Dada

“We had lost confidence in our culture. Everything had to be demolished… At the we began by shocking common sense, public opinion, education, institutions, museums, good taste, in short, the whole prevailing order.”

Hannah Hoch, The Pretty Maiden, 1920. DADA

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Dada

Jean Arp Mountain, Table, Anchors, Navel. 1925. DADA

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Dada

Marcel Duchamp

Duchamp was the central figure in NY Dada scene. He exhibited his first “ready-made” - mass produced common products “selected” by the artist

Free from the opinions of the population- neither good or bad taste

Forces viewers to see the “artness” of objects by seeing Art as ‘choices’. To Duchamp, he ‘chose’ to use the urinal and paint letters onto it, which that alone makes it art.

Marcel Duchamp, , 1913.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Dada

Marcel Duchamp, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass) 1915-23. DADA

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Dada

"I am still a victim of . It has all the beauty of art -- and much more. It cannot be commercialized. Chess is much purer than art in its social position.“ Marcel Duchamp

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Dada

Marcel Duchamp Bicycle Wheel, 1913. DADA

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Dada

Marcel Duchamp Nude Descending a Staircase, 1912.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Dada

Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q., 1919.

In 1919, Duchamp drew a moustache and goatee, graffiti-style, on a postcard of the and added the caption L.H.O.O.Q. – which, as any French schoolboy could tell you, sounds like elle a chaud au cul (“She’s hot in the ass”). It quickly became an icon of the international Dada movement.

20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE