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Analýza Konceptu Web 2.0 a Návrh Využití Jeho Technologií a Služeb V Knihovně

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Analýza Konceptu Web 2.0 a Návrh Využití Jeho Technologií a Služeb V Knihovně MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav české literatury a knihovnictví Kabinet informačních studií a knihovnictví Analýza konceptu web 2.0 a návrh využití jeho technologií a služeb v knihovně Magisterská diplomová práce Autor práce: Bc. Jan Kamenický Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Petr Škyřík Brno 2008 Bibliografický záznam KAMENICKÝ, Jan. Analýza konceptu web 2.0 a návrh využití jeho technologií a služeb v knihovně. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav čes- ké literatury a knihovnictví, Kabinet informačních studií a knihovnictví, 2008. 117 s. + 7 s. příloh. Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr. Petr Škyřík. Anotace Magisterská práce „Analýza konceptu web 2.0 a návrh využití jeho technologií a služeb v knihovně“ se zabývá konceptem web 2.0, jedním z nejdiskutovanějších internetových fenoménů současnosti. Web 2.0 je označení pro nové webové služby, marketingové strategie a způsoby využívání dat, které se objevily po krachu tzv. internetové bubliny. Nejdůležitější změnou je pak zapojení uživatelů do tvorby obsahu webu a vznik online komunit. Práce se pokouší o formulaci definice a co nejkomplexnější představení tohoto konceptu. Ukazuje hlavní aspekty a principy webu 2.0 (long tail, využití kolektivní inteligence, síťový efekt), seznamuje čtenáře s jeho charakteristickými technologiemi (AJAX, RSS, podcasting, sociální záložkování, tagy, wiki, blogy), kategorizuje a popisuje jeho typické aplikace (Del.icio.us, YouTube, Flickr, Amazon, Wikipedie, MySpace a daší). Nastiňuje i sociální aspekty používání webu 2.0. Práce rovněž představuje související koncept knihovna 2.0, který se pokouší aplikovat poznatky z webu 2.0 v prostředí knihovny a vrátit jí tak její respektované postavení v informačním procesu. Praktická část představuje návrh možného rozšíření stávajících služeb Studijní a vědecké knihovny v Hradci Králové pomocí technologií (blog, RSS, podcasting) a služeb (fotoalbum, záložky, mapy) webu 2.0. Klíčová slova web 2.0 – knihovna 2.0 – library 2.0 – internet – webové technologie – sociální software – webové služby – knihovnictví – knihovny – knihovnické služby – Studijní a vědecká knihovna v Hradci Králové Annotation Master thesis „Analysis of the Web 2.0 Conception and Project of Library Application of its Technologies and Services“ deals with the web 2.0 conception, one of most discussed contemporary internet phenomenons. Web 2.0 refers to a set of new web applications, marketing strategies and ways of data use, that appeared after the dot-com bubble burst. The most significant change then is the integration of users into creating the web content and the emergence of online communities. Thesis attempts to formulate a definition and most complex introduction of this conception. It shows essential aspects and key principles of web 2.0 (long tail, harnessing collective intelligence, network effects), notifies reader about its characteristic technologies (AJAX, RSS, podcasting, social bookmarking, tags, wiki, blogs), categorizes and describes its typical applications (Del.icio.us, YouTube, Flickr, Amazon, Wikipedia, MySpace and other). It even outlines social aspects of using web 2.0. It also introduces related conception of library 2.0, which tries to apply the knowledge of web 2.0 to the library environment and restore its honoured position in information process. Practical part of the thesis constitutes the project of possible extension of current services of Studijní a vědecká knihovna (Study and Scholarly Library) in Hradec Králové by applying web 2.0 technologies (blog, RSS, podcasting) and applications (photo album, bookmarks, maps). Keywords web 2.0 – library 2.0 – internet – web technologies – social software – web applications – librarianship – libraries – library services – Studijní a vědecká knihovna v Hradci Králové Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracoval samostatně a použil jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. Současně dávám svolení k tomu, aby tato diplomová práce byla umístěna v Ústřední knihovně FF MU a používána ke studijním účelům. V Brně dne 20. června 2008 …………………………………………… Jan Kamenický Poděkování Na tomto místě bych rád poděkoval vedoucímu práce PhDr. Petru Škyříkovi za svědomité vedení práce, podnětné rady a nápady, užitečné odkazy, cenné připo- mínky a neutuchající entuziasmus, který kolem sebe za všech okolností šíří. Děkuji také své přítelkyni Marušce za všestrannou podporu při psaní diplomové práce a to i v dobách pochybností a tvůrčí krize. OBSAH PŘEDMLUVA .......................................................................................................7 MANIFEST WEBU 2.0.....................................................................................8 1. ÚVOD..................................................................................................................9 2. ZÁKLADNÍ KONCEPTUÁLNÍ VÝCHODISKA........................................12 3. DEFINICE WEBU 2.0.....................................................................................16 3.1 WEB 2.0 PODLE TIMA O’REILLYHO ..................................................16 3.1.1 LONG TAIL......................................................................................19 3.1.2 DATA HRAJÍ ROLI DRUHÉHO PROCESORU............................20 3.1.3 UŽIVATELÉ VYTVÁŘEJÍ PŘIDANOU HODNOTU ...................20 3.1.4 VŠUDYPŘÍTOMNÝ SÍŤOVÝ EFEKT...........................................21 3.1.5 PERMANENTNÍ BETAVERZE......................................................21 3.1.6 NĚKTERÁ PRÁVA VYHRAZENA................................................22 3.1.7 NESNAŽIT SE OVLÁDAT, NÝBRŽ SPOLUPRACOVAT ..........22 3.1.8 SOFTWARE NEOMEZENÝ JEDNÍM ZAŘÍZENÍM.....................23 3.1.9 SHRNUTÍ .........................................................................................23 3.2 DEFINICE ZAMĚŘENÉ TECHNOLOGICKY A EKONOMICKY .......24 3.3 DEFINICE ZAMĚŘENÁ NA UŽIVATELE ............................................26 3.4 KRITIKA ...................................................................................................27 4. TECHNOLOGIE REALIZACE ....................................................................30 4.1 SOFTWAROVÉ TECHNOLOGIE REALIZACE....................................31 4.1.1 AJAX ................................................................................................31 4.1.2 RSS....................................................................................................32 4.1.3 PODCASTING A VIDEO PODCASTING......................................33 4.1.4 INSTANT MESSAGING .................................................................34 4.1.5 OPEN SOURCE ...............................................................................36 4.1.6 BITTORRENT..................................................................................36 4.1.7 PERSONALIZOVANÉ VYHLEDÁVÁNÍ......................................37 4.1.8 MASHUPS A WIDGETS.................................................................38 4.2 WEBOVÉ TECHNOLOGIE REALIZACE..............................................39 4.2.1 FOLKSONOMIE ..............................................................................39 4.2.2 TAGY................................................................................................40 4.2.3 SOCIÁLNÍ ZÁLOŽKOVÁNÍ ..........................................................43 4.2.4 WIKI ANEB VENI, VIDI, WIKI .....................................................44 4.2.5 BLOGY.............................................................................................46 5. PROJEKTY WEBU 2.0 ..................................................................................49 5.1 SOCIÁLNÍ ZÁLOŽKOVÁNÍ ...................................................................50 5 5.2 FILTROVÁNÍ ZPRÁV .............................................................................52 5.3 INTERNETOVÉ OBCHODY ...................................................................53 5.4 SOCIÁLNÍ SÍTĚ .......................................................................................54 5.5 SDÍLENÍ MULTIMEDIÁLNÍCH SOUBORŮ.........................................55 5.6 DOPORUČOVÁNÍ....................................................................................56 5.7 SPOLEČNÁ TVORBA A PLÁNOVÁNÍ .................................................58 5.8 WEB 2.0 .CZ?............................................................................................61 6. SOCIÁLNÍ DOPADY WEBU 2.0 ..................................................................64 6.1 VIRTUÁLNÍ KOMUNITY A PŘÁTELSTVÍ 2.0 ....................................65 6.2 SOCIÁLNÍ MÉDIA...................................................................................66 6.3 KRIMINALITA 2.0 A INFORMAČNÍ ETIKA........................................69 6.4 VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ A ŠKOLA 2.0 .................................................................70 7. KNIHOVNA 2.0...............................................................................................73 7.1 KONCEPT KNIHOVNA 2.0.....................................................................74 7.2 REALIZACE KONCEPTU.......................................................................75 7.2.1 INFORMAČNÍ OSTROV V SECOND LIFE ..................................78 7.3 DEFINICE KONCEPTU ...........................................................................78 7.4 KNIHOVNÍK 2.0.......................................................................................79 7.5 KNIHOVNA JAKO INFORMAČNÍ INSTITUCE...................................80 8. NÁVRH VYUŽITÍ TECHNOLOGIÍ A SLUŽEB
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