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Understanding and Exploring the Music of the Bauls of Bengal

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Understanding and Exploring the Music of the Bauls of Bengal `` Understanding and Exploring the Music of the Bauls of Bengal DISCOVER INDIA PROGRAM 2015-16 March, 2016 i Understanding and Exploring the Music of the Bauls of Bengal DISCOVER INDIA PROGRAM 2015-16 March, 2016 ii CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work incorporated in this report entitled “Understanding and Exploring the Music of the Bauls of Bengal” submitted by the undersigned Research Team was carried out under my mentorship. Such material as has been obtained from other sources has been duly acknowledged. Sr. No NAME OF THE STUDENT DESIGNATION SIGNATURE 1 Abhiram Pasumarthy Group Leader/ Content Writer/ Videographer 2 Abraham Zachariah On- field researcher 3 Armaan Mustafa Content Writer 4 Ashvita Anand Content Writer/ On field researcher/ Finance and Logistics 5 Ayush Goel On- field researcher 6 Chirantan Ghanekar On- field researcher/ Creative Head 7 Disha Duggal On- field researcher/ Creative Head/ Content Writer 8 Ipsita Roy On- field researcher/ Creative Head/ Content Writer 9 Kabir Bhargava Finance and Logistics Head 10 Ria Monie Photographer 11 Rohant Chadha Videographer Name of the Faculty Mentor: Professor Ravikant Kisana Signature: Date: 3 March 2016 iii Contents CERTIFICATE .................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ vi ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF MAPS.................................................................................................................................. viii LIST OF PHOTOS ............................................................................................................................ viii INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1 Origin of the Baul Culture ............................................................................................................... 1 Proposed Theories on the Origin of Baul Culture ......................................................................... 3 The Baul Way of Life ........................................................................................................................ 5 Geographical Information ................................................................................................................ 7 Research Question ............................................................................................................................ 9 Aims and Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 11 Research Methodology ................................................................................................................... 11 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................................. 13 Musicology ....................................................................................................................................... 13 History of Baul Music ..................................................................................................................... 16 Music ................................................................................................................................................ 18 The Spread of Baul Music .............................................................................................................. 20 Ideology and Philosophy ................................................................................................................. 22 FINDINGS AND ON-FIELD EXPERIENCE .................................................................................. 26 PHOTO JOURNAL ............................................................................................................................ 40 ORIGINS AND HISTORY ................................................................................................................ 50 Etymology ........................................................................................................................................ 51 Origin Myths ................................................................................................................................... 52 THE MUSIC OF THE BAUL CULTURE ....................................................................................... 56 Music and Philosophy ..................................................................................................................... 56 Baul Music and Other Folk Music ................................................................................................ 59 Content ............................................................................................................................................. 60 Performance .................................................................................................................................... 64 COMMERCIALIZATION AND ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT ............................................ 67 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY..................................................................................................... 72 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................... 74 APPENDIX .......................................................................................................................................... 76 iv Questionnaires ................................................................................................................................. 76 GLOSSARY......................................................................................................................................... 81 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 83 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to take this opportunity to thank the various individuals and organisations without whom this report and this learning experience would not have been possible. Firstly, we would like to thank FLAME University for giving us the opportunity to experience a course as unique as the Discover India Program through which we learnt how to conduct extensive research. We would like to thank the Chair of the DIP Committee, Dr. Neeti Sethi Bose for her support. We would also like to thank Dr. Viraj Shah and Professor Kunal Ray for their feedback throughout our project. We would also like to extend our gratitude to our report mentor, Prof. Deepa Bapat, without whose help, encouragement and feedback, this report would be impossible. Lastly, we would like to thank our mentor Prof. Ravikant Kisana, who guided us in our journey and provided us with essential input and moral support throughout. During our research, we came across many experts, who helped us in achieving clarity of our research topic, and provided us with insight and information as required. We would like to extend our gratitude to Dr. Anubrato Ghatak, Mr. Subhendu Maity and Mr. Sushobhan Adhikari for the same. We would also like to thank members of the Baul community, namely- Saikat Sarkar, Lakhan Das Baul, Raju Das Baul, Goutam Das Baul, Karthik Das Baul, Sanatan Das Baul, Nimai Goswami, Deb Das Baul, Basu Deb Das Baul, Durga Khepi and Kanhai Das Baul- for being so accommodating in being a part of our interviews and introducing us to new sources of information. vi ABSTRACT The Bauls are a group of wandering minstrels indigenous to West Bengal. They are best known for their unique music and alternative lifestyle. The Baul culture formed as a result of the persecution of lower classes of Hindu and Islamic society by religious orthodoxy. The Baul culture comprises of two main parts- Music and Philosophy. The data in this report has been collected through primary research conducted over a ten day trip and secondary research done over a period of approximately four months. The primary research was conducted in Kolkata, Shantiniketan, Tarapeeth and Joydeb Kenduli. The report catalogues and analyses this data with the help of secondary sources. The report looks at Baul music through an ethnomusicological perspective, documenting the evolution in Baul music from its conception to modern times. As Baul music is a reflection of Baul philosophy, this report also serves as a lens through which we have looked at changes in Baul culture. vii LIST OF MAPS Map No. Map Name Page No. 1.1. A map of West Bengal 8 1.2. A map of Birbhum District 9 LIST OF PHOTOS Image No. Image Name Page No. 2.1. A fakir tuning his Dotara 20 3.1. Professor Anubrato Ghatak 29 3.2. Manush Mela 29 3.3. Lakhan Das Baul 31 3.4. Baul Performance at the 31 Manush Mela 3.5. Karthik Das Baul 32 3.6. Durga Khepi 33 3.7. Mr. Arun Chakravarty 34 3.8. Mr. Subhendu Maity 34 3.9. Mr. Sushobhan Adhikari 35 3.10. Goutam Das Baul 36 3.11. Nimai Goswami 37 3.12. Saikat Sarkar 37 3.13. Basu Deb Das Baul and Raju 38 Das Baul 3.14. Kanhai Das Baul 39 viii Image No. Image Name Page No. 3.15. Sanatan Das Baul 40 3.16. Deb Das Baul 41 P.1. Journey to Tarapeeth 42 Anubrato Ghatak 42 P.2. demonstrates the basics of a dotara 42 P.3. The process of making
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