Environmental Information Document

Alignment_V6_Env_Corridor USGS 03/13/1971 B-50

JOB #: 343464 - 03/18/2020 Alignment_V6_Env_Corridor USGS 03/17/1971 B-51

JOB #: 343464 - 03/18/2020 Alignment_V6_Env_Corridor FAIRCHILD 08/13/1964 B-52

JOB #: 343464 - 03/18/2020 Alignment_V6_Env_Corridor AMS 12/04/1957 B-53

JOB #: 343464 - 03/18/2020 Alignment_V6_Env_Corridor AMS 09/30/1957 B-54

JOB #: 343464 - 03/18/2020 Alignment_V6_Env_Corridor USFWS 05/21/1950 B-55

JOB #: 343464 - 03/18/2020 Appendix B-3: Biological Resources

B-56 United States Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Austin Ecological Services Field Office 10711 Burnet Road, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78758-4460 Phone: (512) 490-0057 Fax: (512) 490-0974 http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/AustinTexas/ http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/EndangeredSpecies/lists/

In Reply Refer To: February 15, 2021 Consultation Code: 02ETAU00-2021-SLI-0816 Event Code: 02ETAU00-2021-E-01609 Project Name: Del Rio Northside Sewer Line - Preferred Alignment

Subject: List of threatened and endangered species that may occur in your proposed project location or may be affected by your proposed project

To Whom It May Concern: The enclosed species list identifies threatened, endangered, proposed and candidate species, as well as proposed and final designated critical habitat, that may occur within the county of your proposed project and/or may be affected by your proposed project. The species list fulfills the requirements of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) under section 7(c) of the Endangered Species Act (Act) of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Please note that new information based on updated surveys, changes in the abundance and distribution of species, changed habitat conditions, or other factors could change this list. Feel free to contact us if you need more current information or assistance regarding the potential impacts to federally proposed, listed, and candidate species and federally designated and proposed critical habitat. Also note that under 50 CFR 402.12(e) of the regulations implementing section 7 of the Act, the accuracy of this species list should be verified after 90 days. This verification can be completed formally or informally as desired. The Service recommends that verification be completed by visiting the ECOS-IPaC website at regular intervals during project planning and implementation for updates to species lists and information. An updated list may be requested through the ECOS-IPaC system by completing the same process used to receive the enclosed list. The purpose of the Act is to provide a means whereby threatened and endangered species and the ecosystems upon which they depend may be conserved. Under sections 7(a)(1) and 7(a)(2) of the Act and its implementing regulations (50 CFR 402 et seq.), Federal agencies are required to utilize their authorities to carry out programs for the conservation of federally listed as threatened or endangered species and to determine whether projects may affect these species and/or designated critical habitat.

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A Biological Assessment is required for construction projects (or other undertakings having similar physical impacts) that are major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment as defined in the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4332(2) (c)). For projects other than major construction activities, the Service suggests that a biological evaluation similar to a Biological Assessment be prepared to determine whether the project may affect listed or proposed species and/or designated or proposed critical habitat. Recommended contents of a Biological Assessment are described at 50 CFR 402.12. While a Federal agency may designate a non-Federal representative to conduct informal consultation or prepare a biological assessment, the Federal Agency must notify the Service in writing of any such designation. The Federal agency shall also independently review and evaluate the scope and content of a biological assessment prepared by their designated non- Federal representative before that document is submitted to the Service. If a Federal agency determines, based on the Biological Assessment or biological evaluation, that listed species and/or designated critical habitat may be affected by a federally funded, permitted or authorized activity, the agency is required to consult with the Service pursuant to 50 CFR 402. The following definitions are provided to assist you in reaching a determination: ▪ No effect - the proposed action will not affect federally listed species or critical habitat. A “no effect” determination does not require section 7 consultation and no coordination or contact with the Service is necessary. However, if the project changes or additional information on the distribution of listed or proposed species becomes available, the project should be reanalyzed for effects not previously considered. ▪ May affect, but is not likely to adversely affect - the project may affect listed species and/or critical habitat; however, the effects are expected to be discountable, insignificant, or completely beneficial. Certain avoidance and minimization measures may need to be implemented in order to reach this level of effect. The Federal agency or the designated non-Federal representative should consult with the Service to seek written concurrence that adverse effects are not likely. Be sure to include all of the information and documentation used to reach your decision with your request for concurrence. The Service must have this documentation before issuing a concurrence. ▪ Is likely to adversely affect - adverse effects to listed species may occur as a direct or indirect result of the proposed action. For this determination, the effect of the action is neither discountable nor insignificant. If the overall effect of the proposed action is beneficial to the listed species but the action is also likely to cause some adverse effects to individuals of that species, then the proposed action “is likely to adversely affect” the listed species. The analysis should consider all interrelated and interdependent actions. An “is likely to adversely affect” determination requires the Federal action agency to initiate formal section 7 consultation with our office. Regardless of the determination, the Service recommends that the Federal agency maintain a complete record of the evaluation, including steps leading to the determination of effect, the qualified personnel conducting the evaluation, habitat conditions, site photographs, and any other related information. More information on the regulations and procedures for section 7 consultation, including the role of permit or license applicants, can be found in the "Endangered

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Species Consultation Handbook" at: http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/TOC- GLOS.PDF. Migratory Birds For projects that may affect migratory birds, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) implements various treaties and conventions for the protection of these species. Under the MBTA, taking, killing, or possessing migratory birds is unlawful. Migratory birds may nest in trees, brushy areas, or other areas of suitable habitat. The Service recommends activities requiring vegetation removal or disturbance avoid the peak nesting period of March through August to avoid destruction of individuals, nests, or eggs. If project activities must be conducted during this time, we recommend surveying for nests prior to conducting work. If a nest is found, and if possible, the Service recommends a buffer of vegetation remain around the nest until the young have fledged or the nest is abandoned. For additional information concerning the MBTA and recommendations to reduce impacts to migratory birds please contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Birds Office, 500 Gold Ave. SW, Albuquerque, NM 87102. A list of migratory birds may be viewed at https:// www.fws.gov/birds/management/managed-species/migratory-bird-treaty-act-protected- species.php. Guidance for minimizing impacts to migratory birds for projects including communications towers can be found at: https://www.fws.gov/birds/management/project- assessment-tools-and-guidance/guidance-documents/communication-towers.php. Additionally, wind energy projects should follow the wind energy guidelines https://www.fws.gov/birds/management/project-assessment-tools-and-guidance/guidance- documents/wind-energy.php ) for minimizing impacts to migratory birds and bats. Finally, please be aware that bald and golden eagles are protected under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 668 et seq.), and projects affecting these species may require development of an eagle conservation plan https://www.fws.gov/birds/management/project- assessment-tools-and-guidance/guidance-documents/eagles.php. We appreciate your concern for threatened and endangered species. The Service encourages Federal agencies to include conservation of threatened and endangered species into their project planning to further the purposes of the Act. Please include the Consultation Tracking Number in the header of this letter with any request for consultation or correspondence about your project that you submit to our office. Attachment(s): ▪ Official Species List

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Official Species List This list is provided pursuant to Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, and fulfills the requirement for Federal agencies to "request of the Secretary of the Interior information whether any species which is listed or proposed to be listed may be present in the area of a proposed action". This species list is provided by: Austin Ecological Services Field Office 10711 Burnet Road, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78758-4460 (512) 490-0057

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Project Summary Consultation Code: 02ETAU00-2021-SLI-0816 Event Code: 02ETAU00-2021-E-01609 Project Name: Del Rio Northside Sewer Line - Preferred Alignment Project Type: WASTEWATER PIPELINE Project Description: Proposed wastewater line for the City of Del Rio. This is the preferred alignment. Project Location: Approximate location of the project can be viewed in Google Maps: https:// www.google.com/maps/@29.3775806,-100.94233178143867,14z

Counties: Val Verde County, Texas

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Endangered Species Act Species There is a total of 9 threatened, endangered, or candidate species on this species list. Species on this list should be considered in an effects analysis for your project and could include species that exist in another geographic area. For example, certain fish may appear on the species list because a project could affect downstream species. Note that 2 of these species should be considered only under certain conditions. IPaC does not display listed species or critical habitats under the sole jurisdiction of NOAA Fisheries1, as USFWS does not have the authority to speak on behalf of NOAA and the Department of Commerce. See the "Critical habitats" section below for those critical habitats that lie wholly or partially within your project area under this office's jurisdiction. Please contact the designated FWS office if you have questions.

1. NOAA Fisheries, also known as the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), is an office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration within the Department of Commerce.

Birds NAME STATUS Golden-cheeked Warbler (=wood) Dendroica chrysoparia Endangered No critical habitat has been designated for this species. Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/33 Piping Plover Charadrius melodus Threatened Population: [Atlantic Coast and Northern Great Plains populations] - Wherever found, except those areas where listed as endangered. There is final critical habitat for this species. The location of the critical habitat is not available. This species only needs to be considered under the following conditions: ▪ Wind Energy Projects Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/6039 Red Knot Calidris canutus rufa Threatened No critical habitat has been designated for this species. This species only needs to be considered under the following conditions: ▪ Wind Energy Projects Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1864

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Fishes NAME STATUS Devils River Minnow Dionda diaboli Threatened There is final critical habitat for this species. The location of the critical habitat is not available. Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/7661 Mexican Blindcat (catfish) Prietella phreatophila Endangered No critical habitat has been designated for this species. Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/7657 Rio Grande Silvery Minnow Hybognathus amarus Experimental Population: Rio Grande, from Little Box Canyon to Amistad Dam Population, No critical habitat has been designated for this species. Non- Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1391 Essential

Clams NAME STATUS Texas Hornshell Popenaias popeii Endangered No critical habitat has been designated for this species. Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/919

Flowering Plants NAME STATUS Texas Snowbells Styrax texanus Endangered No critical habitat has been designated for this species. Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/5214 Tobusch Fishhook Cactus Sclerocactus brevihamatus ssp. tobuschii Threatened No critical habitat has been designated for this species. Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/2221

Critical habitats THERE ARE NO CRITICAL HABITATS WITHIN YOUR PROJECT AREA UNDER THIS OFFICE'S JURISDICTION.

B-63 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 1 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species

Last Update: 3/5/2021 VAL VERDE COUNTY

ARACHNIDS No accepted common name Chitrella major Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1G2 State Rank: S1

No accepted common name Cicurina holsingeri Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1G2 State Rank: S1

No accepted common name Cicurina patei Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1G2 State Rank: S1

No accepted common name Cicurina porteri Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1G2 State Rank: S1

No accepted common name Eidmannella delicata Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1G2 State Rank: S1

No accepted common name Dinocheirus cavicola Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G2G3 State Rank: S2

BIRDS American peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus anatum Year-round resident and local breeder in west Texas, nests in tall cliff eyries; also, migrant across state from more northern breeding areas in US and Canada, winters along coast and farther south; occupies wide range of habitats during migration, including urban, concentrations along coast and barrier islands; low-altitude migrant, stopovers at leading landscape edges such as lake shores, coastlines, and barrier islands. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4T4 State Rank: S2B

DISCLAIMER The information on this web application is provided “as is” without warranty as to the currentness, completeness, or accuracy of any specific data. The data provided are for planning, assessment, and informational purposes. Refer to the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on the application website for further information.

B-64 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 2 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

BIRDS bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Found primarily near rivers and large lakes; nests in tall trees or on cliffs near water; communally roosts, especially in winter; hunts live prey, scavenges, and pirates food from other birds Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S3B,S3N black-capped vireo Vireo atricapilla Oak-juniper woodlands with distinctive patchy, two-layered aspect; shrub and tree layer with open, grassy spaces; requires foliage reaching to ground level for nesting cover; return to same territory, or one nearby, year after year; deciduous and broad-leaved shrubs and trees provide insects for feeding; species composition less important than presence of adequate broad-leaved shrubs, foliage to ground level, and required structure; nesting season March-late summer Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S3B common black-hawk Buteogallus anthracinus Cottonwood-lined rivers and streams; willow tree groves on the lower Rio Grande floodplain; formerly bred in south Texas Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4G5 State Rank: S2B

Franklin's gull Leucophaeus pipixcan This species is only a spring and fall migrant throughout Texas. It does not breed in or near Texas. Winter records are unusual consisting of one or a few individuals at a given site (especially along the Gulf coastline). During migration, these gulls fly during daylight hours but often come down to wetlands, lake shore, or islands to roost for the night. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S2N gray hawk Buteo plagiatus Locally and irregularly along U.S.-Mexico border; mature riparian woodlands and nearby semiarid mesquite and scrub grasslands; breeding range formerly extended north to southernmost Rio Grande floodplain of Texas Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: GNR State Rank: S2B interior least tern Sternula antillarum athalassos Sand beaches, flats, bays, inlets, lagoons, islands. Subspecies is listed only when inland (more than 50 miles from a coastline); nests along sand and gravel bars within braided streams, rivers; also know to nest on man-made structures (inland beaches, wastewater treatment plants, gravel mines, etc); eats small fish and crustaceans, when breeding forages within a few hundred feet of colony Federal Status: DL: Delisted State Status: E SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4T3Q State Rank: S1B mountain plover Charadrius montanus Breeding: nests on high plains or shortgrass prairie, on ground in shallow depression; nonbreeding: shortgrass plains and bare, dirt (plowed) fields; primarily insectivorous

B-65 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 3 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

BIRDS Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S2 tropical parula Setophaga pitiayumi Semi-tropical evergreen woodland along rivers and resacas. Texas ebony, anacua and other trees with epiphytic plants hanging from them. Dense or open woods, undergrowth, brush, and trees along edges of rivers and resacas; breeding April to July. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S3B western burrowing owl Athene cunicularia hypugaea Open grasslands, especially prairie, plains, and savanna, sometimes in open areas such as vacant lots near human habitation or airports; nests and roosts in abandoned burrows Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4T4 State Rank: S2 white-faced ibis Plegadis chihi Prefers freshwater marshes, sloughs, and irrigated rice fields, but will attend brackish and saltwater habitats; currently confined to near-coastal rookeries in so-called hog-wallow prairies. Nests in marshes, in low trees, on the ground in bulrushes or reeds, or on floating mats. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S4B zone-tailed hawk Buteo albonotatus Arid open country, including open deciduous or pine-oak woodland, mesa or mountain county, often near watercourses, and wooded canyons and tree-lined rivers along middle-slopes of desert mountains; nests in various habitats and sites, ranging from small trees in lower desert, giant cottonwoods in riparian areas, to mature conifers in high mountain regions Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4 State Rank: S3B

CRUSTACEANS a bathynellid Texanobathynella bowmani Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: GNR State Rank: S2S4 a cave obligate isopod Speocirolana hardeni Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G2G3 State Rank: S2

B-66 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 4 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

CRUSTACEANS Devil's Sinkhole amphipod Stygobromus hadenoecus Subaquatic; subterranean obligate crustacean; in cave pools (enriched by bat guano?) Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1G2 State Rank: S2

No accepted common name Artesia subterranea Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1G2 State Rank: S2

No accepted common name Paramexiweckelia ruffoi Gravel bottom and lacks vegetation Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1G2 State Rank: S2

No accepted common name Seborgia hershleri Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1G2 State Rank: S2

No accepted common name Paraholsingerius smaragdinus Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: GNR State Rank: S2

FISH Conchos pupfish Cyprinodon eximius Devils River and Alamito Creek. The Devils River and Alamito Creek populations are morphologically and biochemically distinct from the Rio Conchos (Mexico) populations. Shallow water (<25 cm) on bedrock shelves and in coves, sloughs, and backwaters over soft bottoms, all where current is negligible and bottom generally devoid of aquatic macrophytes. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3G4 State Rank: S1

Devils River minnow Dionda diaboli Devils River, San Felipe and Sycamore creeks in Val Verde County; Las Moras (extirpated) and Pinto creeks in Kinney County. Restricted to clear, spring-fed waters having little temperature variation. Found over gravel-cobble substrate, usually associated with aquatic macrophytes. Federal Status: LT State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G1 State Rank: S1

B-67 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 5 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

FISH headwater catfish Ictalurus lupus Originally throughout streams of the Edwards Plateau and the Rio Grande basin, currently limited to Rio Grande drainage, including Pecos River basin; springs, and sandy and rocky riffles, runs, and pools of clear creeks and small rivers. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S1S2 longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae Can only be found in the Big Bend portion of the Rio Grande. Occasionally taken in lakes and clear pools of rivers but prefers clear, flowing water in gravelly riffles. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S2

Manantial roundnose minnow Dionda argentosa Lower Pecos River, Devils River, San Felipe and Sycamore creeks. Val Verde County. Headwaters and runs of spring-influenced waters. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S2

Mexican redhorse Moxostoma austrinum Limited/uncertain distribution within the Rio Grande. Rocky runs and riffles of creeks and small to medium rivers; often near boulders in swift water. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S1

Pecos pupfish Cyprinodon pecosensis Originally Pecos River basin, presently restricted to upper basin only; shallow margins of clear, vegetated spring waters high in calcium carbonate, as well as in sinkhole habitats Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G2 State Rank: S1 proserpine shiner Cyprinella proserpina Limited range includes Devils and lower Pecos rivers, Las Moras, Pinto, and San Felipe creeks, and Independence Creek in the Rio Grande watershed in western Texas. Associated with spring-fed tributaries and spring-runs. May be found in flowing pools, swift runs and riffles. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S2

Rio Grande darter Etheostoma grahami Essentially restricted to the mainstream and spring-fed tributaries of the Rio Grande and the lower Pecos River downstream to the Devils River and Dolan, San Felipe and Sycamore creeks. Gravel and rubble riffles Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G2G3 State Rank: S2

B-68 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 6 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

FISH Rio Grande shiner Notropis jemezanus Rio Grande drainage. Occurs over substrate of rubble, gravel and sand, often overlain with silt Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S1 speckled chub Macrhybopsis aestivalis Found throughout the Rio Grande and lower Pecos River but occurs most frequently between the Río Conchos confluence and the Pecos River. Flowing water over coarse sand and fine gravel substrates in streams; typically found in raceways and runs. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3G4 State Rank: S1S2 spotfin gambusia Gambusia krumholzi Restricted to San Felipe and Sycamore creeks in Texas; also occurs in Mexico. Prefers densely vegetated, edge or quiet water habitats in close association with areas of swift flows. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1 State Rank: S1

Tamaulipas shiner Notropis braytoni Restricted to the Rio Grande basin in Texas including the lower Pecos River. Typically found in large rivers and creeks associated with a variety of flowng-water habitats such as runs and riffles over gravel, cobble, and sand. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4 State Rank: S1S2

Texas shiner Notropis amabilis In Texas, it is found primarily in Edwards Plateau streams from the San Gabriel River in the east to the Pecos River in the west. Typical habitat includes rocky or sandy runs, as well as pools. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4 State Rank: S4

INSECTS a caddisfly Ochrotrichia capitana Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1G3 State Rank: S2? a mayfly Caenis arwini West Texas; mayflies distinguished by aquatic larval stage; adult stage generally found in shoreline vegetation Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Global Rank: G1G3 State Rank: S2?

B-69 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 7 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

INSECTS American bumblebee Bombus pensylvanicus Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Global Rank: G3G4 State Rank: SNR

Comanche harvester ant Pogonomyrmex comanche Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G2G3 State Rank: S2

Daedelus sheildback katydid Pediodectes daedelus Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Global Rank: GNR State Rank: SNR

Dolan Falls perdita Perdita dolanensis Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1 State Rank: S1

No accepted common name Holcopasites jerryrozeni Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Global Rank: GNR State Rank: SNR

No accepted common name Petrophila daemonalis Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Global Rank: GNR State Rank: SNR

No accepted common name Oxyelophila callista Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Global Rank: GNR State Rank: SNR

B-70 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 8 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

INSECTS No accepted common name Latineosus cibola This species was recently described from Texas in only two localities (a creek and a water treatment plant on a major river) in Val Verde and Webb Cos. (Sun and McCafferty, 2008). Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Global Rank: G1G2 State Rank: SNR purse casemaker caddisfly Hydroptila melia Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Global Rank: G2G3 State Rank: S2?

Texas austrotinodes caddisfly Austrotinodes texensis Appears endemic to the karst springs and spring runs of the Edwards Plateau region; flow in type locality swift but may drop significantly during periods of little drought; substrate coarse and ranges from cobble and gravel to limestone bedrock; many limestone outcroppings also found along the streams Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G2 State Rank: S2

MAMMALS black bear Ursus americanus Generalist. Historically found throughout Texas. In Chisos, prefers higher elevations where pinyon-oaks predominate; also occasionally sighted in desert scrub of Trans-Pecos (Black Gap Wildlife Management Area) and Edwards Plateau in juniper-oak habitat. For ssp. luteolus, bottomland hardwoods, floodplain forests, upland hardwoods with mixed pine; marsh. Bottomland hardwoods and large tracts of inaccessible forested areas. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S3 black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus Dry, flat, short grasslands with low, relatively sparse vegetation, including areas overgrazed by cattle; live in large family groups Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4 State Rank: S3 cave myotis bat Myotis velifer Colonial and cave-dwelling; also roosts in rock crevices, old buildings, carports, under bridges, and even in abandoned Cliff Swallow (Hirundo pyrrhonota) nests; roosts in clusters of up to thousands of individuals; hibernates in limestone caves of Edwards Plateau and gypsum cave of Panhandle during winter; opportunistic insectivore. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4G5 State Rank: S4

B-71 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 9 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

MAMMALS greater western mastiff bat Eumops perotis californicus Arid canyons; roosts in crevices in rock walls of desert canyons, old buildings, hollow trees; roost site must have clearance for a three meter fall by exiting bats; colony size varies from several individuals to several dozen; males and females may remain together throughout the year; single offspring (occasionally twins) born June-July. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4G5T4 State Rank: S3 kit fox Vulpes macrotis Open desert grassland; avoids rugged, rocky terrain and wooded areas. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4 State Rank: S1S2 long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata Includes brushlands, fence rows, upland woods and bottomland hardwoods, forest edges & rocky desert scrub. Usually live close to water. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S5 mountain lion Puma concolor Generalist; found in a wide range of habitats statewide. Found most frequently in rugged mountains & riparian zones. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S2S3 pocketed free-tailed bat Nyctinomops femorosaccus Semiarid desert grasslands; roosts in caves cliff crevices under building roof tiles; feed on insects; females bear one pup per season Jul - Aug Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S3

Texas pocket gopher Geomys personatus fuscus Underground burrows of deep, sandy soils; feed mostly on vegetation; reproductive data not well known, but likely breed year round, with no more than two litters per year Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G4T2 State Rank: S2

Townsend's big-eared bat Corynorhinus townsendii In Texas, habitat ranges from desert scrub to pinyon-juniper woodland, consistently in areas with canyons or cliffs (Schmidly 1991). Roosts in caves, crevases, trees, and buildings in the Panhandle and Trans-Pecos. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4 State Rank: S3?

B-72 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 10 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

MAMMALS tricolored bat Perimyotis subflavus Forest, woodland and riparian areas are important. Caves are very important to this species. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G2G3 State Rank: S3S4 western hog-nosed skunk Conepatus leuconotus Habitats include woodlands, grasslands & deserts, to 7200 feet, most common in rugged, rocky canyon country; little is known about the habitat of the ssp. telmalestes Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4 State Rank: S4 western spotted skunk Spilogale gracilis Brushy canyons, rocky outcrops (rimrock) on hillsides and walls of canyons. In semi-arid brushlands in U.S., in wet tropical forests in Mexico. When inactive or bearing young, occupies den in rocks, burrow, hollow log, brush pile, or under building. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S5 western yellow bat Lasiurus xanthinus Forages over water both perennial and intermittent sources, found at low elevations (< 6,000 feet), roosts in vegetation (yucca, hackberry, sycamore, cypress, and especially palm); also hibernates in palm; locally common in residential areas landscaped with palms in Tuscon and Phoenix, Arizona; young born in June; insectivore Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4G5 State Rank: S1 white-nosed coati Nasua narica Woodlands, riparian corridors and canyons.Most individuals in Texas probably transients from Mexico; diurnal and crepuscular; very sociable; forages on ground and in trees; omnivorous; may be susceptible to hunting, trapping, and pet trade Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S1

MOLLUSKS crowned cavesnail Phreatodrobia coronae Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1G2 State Rank: S2

B-73 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 11 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

MOLLUSKS Mexican Fawnsfoot Truncilla cognata Occurs in large rivers but may also be found in medium-sized streams. Is commonly found in habitats with some flowing water, often in protected near shore areas such as banks and backwaters but also at the head of riffles; the latter more often supporting both sub-adults and adults. Typically occurs in substrates of mixed sand and gravel as well as soft unconsolidated sediments. Considered intolerant of reservoirs (Randklev et al. 2017b; Randklev et al. forthcoming). [Mussels of Texas 2019] Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G1 State Rank: S1

No accepted common name Elimia comalensis Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G2 State Rank: S2?

Salina Mucket Potamilus metnecktayi Occurs in medium to large rivers, where it may be found in substrates composed of various combinations of mud, sand, gravel, and cobble, as well as under rocks. It occurs in areas with slow to moderate current, most often in stable littoral habitats dominated by boulder or bedrock habitat; not known from reservoirs (Randklev et al. 2017b; Randklev et al. forthcoming). [Mussels of Texas 2019] Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G1 State Rank: S1 striated hydrobe Texapyrgus longleyi Habitat description is not available at this time. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1 State Rank: S1

Texas Hornshell Popenaias popeii Occurs in small streams to large rivers in slow to moderate current, often residing in rock crevices, travertine shelves, and under large boulders, where small-grained material, such as clay, silt, or sand gathers. Can also occur in riffles that are clean swept of soft silt; not known from reservoirs (Carman 2007; Inoue et al. 2014; Randklev et al. 2017b; Randklev et al. forthcoming). [Mussels of Texas 2019] Federal Status: LE State Status: E SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G1 State Rank: S1

REPTILES plateau spot-tailed earless lizard Holbrookia lacerata Terrestrial: Habitats include moderately open prairie-brushland regions, particularly fairly flat areas free of vegetation or other obstructions (e.g., open meadows, old and new fields, graded roadways, cleared and disturbed areas, prairie savanna, and active agriculture including row crops); also, oak-juniper woodlands and mesquite-prickly pear associations (Axtell 1968, Bartlett and Bartlett 1999). Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: GNR State Rank: S2

B-74 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 12 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

REPTILES reticulate collared lizard Crotaphytus reticulatus Terresstrial: Requires open brush-grasslands; thorn-scrub vegetation, usually on well-drained rolling terrain of shallow gravel, caliche, or sandy soils; often on scattered flat rocks below escarpments or isolated rock outcrops among scattered clumps of prickly pear and mesquite Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S4

Rio Grande river cooter Pseudemys gorzugi Aquatic: Habitat includes rivers and their more permanent spring-fed tributary streams, beaver ponds, and stock tanks (Garrett and Barker 1987). Occupied waters may have a muddy, sandy, or rocky bottom, and may or may not contain aquatic vegetation (Degenhardt et al. 1996). Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3G4 State Rank: S2

Tamaulipan spot-tailed earless Holbrookia subcaudalis lizard Terrestrial: Habitats include moderately open prairie-brushland regions, particularly fairly flat areas free of vegetation or other obstructions (e.g., open meadows, old and new fields, graded roadways, cleared and disturbed areas, prairie savanna, and active agriculture including row crops); also, oak-juniper woodlands and mesquite-prickly pear associations (Axtell 1968, Bartlett and Bartlett 1999). Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Global Rank: GNR State Rank: S2

Texas horned lizard Phrynosoma cornutum Terrestrial: Open habitats with sparse vegetation, including grass, prairie, cactus, scattered brush or scrubby trees; soil may vary in texture from sandy to rocky; burrows into soil, enters rodent burrows, or hides under rock when inactive. Occurs to 6000 feet, but largely limited below the pinyon-juniper zone on mountains in the Big Bend area. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4G5 State Rank: S3

Texas indigo snake Drymarchon melanurus erebennus Terrestrial: Thornbush-chaparral woodland of south Texas, in particular dense riparian corridors.Can do well in suburban and irrigated croplands. Requires moist microhabitats, such as rodent burrows, for shelter. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Global Rank: G5T4 State Rank: S4

Texas tortoise Gopherus berlandieri Terrestrial: Open scrub woods, arid brush, lomas, grass-cactus association; often in areas with sandy well-drained soils. When inactive occupies shallow depressions dug at base of bush or cactus; sometimes in underground burrow or under object. Eggs are laid in nests dug in soil near or under bushes. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G4 State Rank: S2

B-75 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 13 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

REPTILES Trans-Pecos black-headed snake Tantilla cucullata Terrestrial: Found rocky canyons or hillsides in mesquite-creosote and pinyon-juniper-oak forests, as well as grasslands. Federal Status: State Status: T SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S2 western box turtle Terrapene ornata Terrestrial: Ornate or western box trutles inhabit prairie grassland, pasture, fields, sandhills, and open woodland. They are essentially terrestrial but sometimes enter slow, shallow streams and creek pools. For shelter, they burrow into soil (e.g., under plants such as yucca) (Converse et al. 2002) or enter burrows made by other species. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S3 western hognose snake Heterodon nasicus Terrestrial: Shortgrass or mixed grass prairie, with gravel or sandy soils. Often found associated with draws, floodplains, and more mesic habitats within the arid landscape. Frequently occurs in shrub encroached grasslands. Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5 State Rank: S4

PLANTS Anacacho orchid tree Bauhinia lunarioides Shrublands in draws on rocky limestone slopes and on limestone ledges along rivers; Perennial; Flowering March-Dec; Fruiting May-Oct Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S1 arrowleaf milkvine Matelea sagittifolia Most consistently encountered in thornscrub in South Texas; Perennial; Flowering March-July; Fruiting April-July and Dec? Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S3 broadpod twistflower Streptanthus platycarpus Western Edwards Plateau and the Trans-Pecos, seemingly disjunct in Llano Uplift area, occurring sparingly in various habitats; Biennial Annual; Flowering/Fruiting March-June Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S3

B-76 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 14 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

PLANTS cliff bedstraw Galium correllii Dry, steep or vertical limestone cliff faces of various exposures in Chihuahuan Desert along Rio Grande, Pecos River, and their tributaries, at elevations of 350-500 m (1150-1650 ft), resembles cliff swallow nests that are also found on limestone cliffs; flowering April-November, fruiting May-December Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G2 State Rank: S1 cliff thistle Cirsium turneri Found mostly in fractures of vertical limestone cliff-faces in canyons along the Rio Grande; Perennial; Flowering April-Dec; Fruiting June-Oct Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S3

Correll's false dragon-head Physostegia correllii Wet, silty clay loams on streamsides, in creek beds, irrigation channels and roadside drainage ditches; or seepy, mucky, sometimes gravelly soils along riverbanks or small islands in the Rio Grande; or underlain by Austin Chalk limestone along gently flowing spring-fed creek in central Texas; flowering May-September Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G2 State Rank: S2 creeping petrogenia Bonamia repens Occurs mostly in open xeric habitats on limestone (Carr 2015). Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S2

Devils River rock-daisy Perityle lindheimeri var. halimifolia Limestone cliff-faces in Val Verde County eastward to central Texas; Perennial; Flowering April-Sept; Fruiting June-Aug Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G4T3Q State Rank: S3 dwarf broomspurge Euphorbia jejuna According to specimen collections, found on grama-grass prairie on caliche uplands, also dry caliche slopes, and limestone hills; flowering late March through July Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G2 State Rank: S2 gravelbar brickellbush Brickellia dentata Essentially restricted to frequently-scoured gravelly alluvial beds in creek and river bottoms; Perennial; Flowering June-Nov; Fruiting June-Oct Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G3G4 State Rank: S3S4

B-77 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 15 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

PLANTS Heller's beardtongue Penstemon triflorus var. integrifolius Occurs sparingly on rock outcrops and in grasslands associated with juniper-oak woodlands (Carr 2015). Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G3T2 State Rank: S2 longstalk heimia Ammannia grayi Moist or subirrigated alkaline or gypsiferous clayey soils along unshaded margins of cienegas and other wetlands; occurs sparingly on an alkaline, somewhat saline silt loam on terraces of spring-fed streams in grassland; also occurs common in moderately alkaline clay along perennial stream and in subirrigated wetlands atop poorly-defined spring system; also occurs in low, wetland area along highway right-of-way; flowering May-September Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G2G3 State Rank: S2

Mexican hesperaloe Hesperaloe funifera Occurs in the Devils River watershed along dry rocky limestone slopes (Carr 2015). Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S1

Mexican mud-plantain Heteranthera mexicana Wet clayey soils of resacas and ephemeral wetlands in South Texas and along margins of playas in the Panhandle; flowering June-December, only after sufficient rainfall Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G2G3 State Rank: S1 narrowleaf brickellbush Brickellia eupatorioides var. gracillima Moist to dry gravelly alluvial soils along riverbanks but also on limestone slopes; Perennial; Flowering/Fruiting April-Nov Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G5T3 State Rank: S3

Palmer's milkwort Polygala palmeri Limestone slopes; Perennial; Flowering April-July; Fruiting June-Oct Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S2 perennial caltrop Kallstroemia perennans Somewhat barren gypseous clays or limestone soils at low elevations in the Chihuahuan Desert; flowering late spring-early fall Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1 State Rank: S1

Plateau loosestrife Lythrum ovalifolium

B-78 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 16 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

PLANTS Banks and gravelly beds of perennial (or strong intermittent) streams on the Edwards Plateau, Llano Uplift and Lampasas Cutplain; Perennial; Flowering/Fruiting April-Nov Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3G4 State Rank: S3S4 rayless rock-daisy Perityle angustifolia Crevices of limestone bluffs and cliff-faces; Perennial; Flowering April-Oct; Fruiting April-Sept Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G3G4 State Rank: S3S4 red yucca Hesperaloe parviflora Shrublands on dry limestone slopes; Perennial; Flowering April-May; Fruiting May-June Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S3 rock grape Vitis rupestris Occurs on rocky limestone slopes and in streambeds; Perennial; Flowering March-May; Fruiting May-July Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S1

Rydberg's scurfpea Pediomelum humile Shortgrass grasslands or cenizo-guajillo shrublands on shallow, stony to gravelly clay soils on dry, open limestone or yellowish, eroding caliche hills; flowering March-May, however, plants often do not appear above the ground surface if there is not sufficient precipitation, flowering and fruit maturation are also dependent on rainfall Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G1 State Rank: S1

Sabinal prairie clover Dalea sabinalis Information sketchy, but probably in rocky soils or on limestone outcrops in sparse grassland openings in juniper-oak woodlands; flowering April-May or May -June Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: GH State Rank: SH

Shinner's brickellbush Flyriella parryi Dry rocky limestone slopes; Perennial; Flowering/Fruiting April-June Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S3

B-79 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 17 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

PLANTS sparsely-flowered jewelflower Streptanthus sparsiflorus Shaded areas in gravelly limestone canyons and arroyos, often in dry creek beds at elevations ranging 1,200-1,800 m (3,900-5,900 ft); flowering May-June; populations vary widely in size from year to year depending on rainfall Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G2Q State Rank: S1 springrun whitehead Shinnersia rivularis In shallow, slow-moving water in small, usually spring-fed streams and rivers arising from calcareous outcrops; abandoned river channel fed by a strong perennial stream, rooted in fine-textured sediments, with stems entirely submerged and only the flowering branch tips appearing above water surface; in slowly flowing water up to 0.3-0.4 m deep but appeared to be absent from deeper water, shaded for most of the day; also in water 0.5-1 m deep, rooted in a mucky to gravelly bottom; flowering throughout the year, most reliably March-May Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G2G3 State Rank: S1

Texas almond Prunus minutiflora Wide-ranging but scarce, in a variety of grassland and shrubland situations, mostly on calcareous soils underlain by limestone but occasionally in sandier neutral soils underlain by granite; Perennial; Flowering Feb-May and Oct; Fruiting Feb-Sept Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G3G4 State Rank: S3S4

Texas claret-cup cactus Echinocereus coccineus var. paucispinus Mountains, hills, and mesas, igneous and limestone, oak-juniper-pinyon woodland or juniper woodland on limestone mesas, mostly rocky habitats but also in alluvial basins, grasslands, or among mesquite or other shrubs. Flowering March - April (Powell and Weedin 2004). Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G5T3 State Rank: S3

Texas greasebush Glossopetalon texense Dry limestone ledges, chalk bluffs, and limestone outcrops; one population is on an extremely steep slope, inaccessible to most herbivores; flowering period uncertain, including at least June-December Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1 State Rank: S1

Texas seymeria Seymeria texana Found primarily in grassy openings in juniper-oak woodlands on dry rocky slopes but sometimes on rock outcrops in shaded canyons; Annual; Flowering May-Nov; Fruiting July-Nov Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S3

B-80 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 18 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

PLANTS Texas shrimp-plant Yeatesia platystegia Occurs very sparingly in a variety of shrublands and canyon woodlands at widely scattered locations; Perennial; Flowering/Fruiting April-Dec Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3G4 State Rank: S3S4

Texas snowbells Styrax platanifolius ssp. texanus Limestone bluffs, boulder slopes, cliff faces, and gravelly streambeds, usually along perennial streams or intermittent drainages in canyon bottoms, in full sun or in partial shade of cliffs and/or Sycamore-Little walnut woodlands, oak-juniper woodlands, or mixed oak shrublands; flowering late March-April Federal Status: LE State Status: E SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G3T1 State Rank: S1

Texas trumpets Acleisanthes crassifolia Shallow, well-drained, calcareous, gravelly loams over caliche on gentle to moderate slopes, often in sparsely vegetated openings in cenizo (Leucophyllum frutescens) shrublands; known populations occur on Austin Chalk (Cretaceous) or Uvalde Gravel (Pleistocene); Perennial; Flowering March-November; Fruiting April-December Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G2 State Rank: S2

Tobusch fishhook cactus Sclerocactus brevihamatus ssp. tobuschii Shallow, moderately alkaline, stony clay and clay loams over massive fractured limestone; usually on level to slightly sloping hilltops; occasionally on relatively level areas on steeper slopes, and in rocky floodplains; usually open areas within a mosaic of oak-juniper woodlands, occasionally in pine-oak woodlands, rarely in cenizo shrublands or little bluestem grasslands; sites are usually open with only herbaceous cover, although the cactus may be somewhat protected by rocks, grasses, or spikemosses; flowering (late January-) February-March (rarely early April) Federal Status: LT State Status: E SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G4T3 State Rank: S3 tree dodder Cuscuta exaltata Parasitic on various Quercus, Juglans, Rhus, Vitis, Ulmus, and Diospyros species as well as Acacia berlandieri and other woody plants; Annual; Flowering May-Oct; Fruiting July-Oct Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S3

Turner's hawthorn Crataegus turnerorum Brush, dwarf oak scrub, stream banks, 300-600 m elevation; Perennial; Flowering April-June; Fruiting April-Sept Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S3

B-81 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Page 19 of 19 Annotated County Lists of Rare Species VAL VERDE COUNTY

PLANTS Warnock's rock-daisy Perityle warnockii Crevices and solution pits in steep, dry, inaccessible limestone bluffs; flowering spring-fall Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G1 State Rank: S1

Wright's milkvetch Astragalus wrightii On sandy or gravelly soils; April (Diggs et al. 1999). Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G3 State Rank: S3

Wright's trumpets Acleisanthes wrightii Open semi-desert grasslands and shrublands on shallow stony soils over limestone on low hills and flats; Perennial; Flowering spring-fall, probably also in response to rains Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: N Global Rank: G2 State Rank: S2

Wright's water-willow Justicia wrightii Shortgrass grasslands and/or shrublands; dry gravelly clay soils over limestone on flats and low hills at elevations of 900-1500 m (2950-4900 ft); flowering April-August, or perhaps after periods of sufficient rainfall Federal Status: State Status: SGCN: Y Endemic: Y Global Rank: G2 State Rank: S1S2

B-82 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Birds Year-round resident and local breeder in west Texas, nests in tall cliff eyries; also, migrant across state from more northern breeding areas in US and No habitat for this species Canada, winters along coast and exists in the project review American Falco peregrinus farther south; occupies wide area. The project review area -- T No impact Peregrine Falcon anatum range of habitats during migration, does not contain any tall cliff including urban, concentrations eyries, lake shores, coastlines, along coast and barrier islands; or barrier islands. low-altitude migrant, stopovers at leading landscape edges such as lake shores, coastlines, and barrier islands. The project area is located within the vicinity of the Rio Grande River and the Amistad Reservoir. While individuals could potentially be seen Found primarily near rivers and hunting within the project area, large lakes; nests in tall trees or it is unlikely a breeding pair Haliaeetus on cliffs near water; communally Bald Eagle -- SGCN would nest within the project No impact leucocephalus roosts, especially in winter; hunts review area as there are no live prey, scavenges, and pirates large, solitary trees for food from other birds. roosting within the project review area. Additionally, no NDD EO for this species is listed for the vicinity of the project review area.

B-83 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Oak-juniper woodlands with distinctive patchy, two-layered aspect; shrub and tree layer with open, grassy spaces; requires foliage reaching to ground level No habitat for this species for nesting cover; return to same exists in the project review Black-capped territory, or one nearby, year after area. The project review area Vireo atricapilla -- SGCN No impact Vireo year; deciduous and broad-leaved does not contain oak-juniper shrubs and trees provide insects mottes or distinct two-layered for feeding; species composition tree-shrub habitat. less important than presence of adequate broad-leaved shrubs, foliage to ground level, and required structure. No cottonwood-lined rivers/streams or willow tree Cottonwood-lined rivers and groves are present in the Common black- Buteogallus streams; willow tree groves on the -- T project area. In addition, the No impact hawk anthracinus lower Rio Grande floodplain; current known range of this formerly bred in south Texas. species does not include the project review area. This species is only a spring and fall migrant throughout Texas. It does not breed in or near Texas. Winter records are unusual No habitat for this species is consisting of one or a few present in the project review Leucophaeus individuals at a given site area. The project review area Franklin’s Gull -- SGCN No impact pipixcan (especially along the Gulf does not include suitable coastline). During migration, these wetlands, lake shores, or gulls fly during daylight hours but islands. often come down to wetlands, lake shore, or islands to roost for the night.

B-84 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Potentially suitable habitat for Locally and irregularly along U.S.- this species exists within the Mexico border; mature riparian project review area. Wooded woodlands and nearby semiarid riparian areas with nearby Gray Hawk Buteo plagiatus -- T mesquite and scrub grasslands; May impact semi-arid grasslands are breeding range formerly extended located within the southern north to southernmost Rio Grande portion of the project review floodplain of Texas area. Required juniper-oak woodlands; dependent on Ashe juniper (aka No habitat for this species cedar) for long, fine bark strips exists in the project review Golden-cheeked Dendroica only available from mature trees, E -- area. The project review area No effect Warbler chrysoparia used in nest construction; nests in does not contain any oak- a variety of trees and only juniper woodlands. requires a few mature junipers for nesting materials. No habitat for this species exists in the project review Nests along sand and gravel bars area. No sand bars, gravel within braided streams and rivers; bars, or inland beaches within Sterna antillarum Interior Least Tern -- E also known to nest on manmade braided streams or rivers exist No effect athalassos structures (inland beaches, in the project area. In addition, wastewater treatment plants, etc). USFWS concern only extends to this species for wind energy projects. Breeding: nests on high plains or No habitat for this species shortgrass prairie, on ground in exists in the project review Charadrius shallow depression; nonbreeding: Mountain Plover -- SGCN area. No shortgrass prairies or No impact montanus shortgrass plains and bare dirt plowed fields are present (plowed) fields; primarily within the project review area. insectivorous. No habitat exists for this species within the project review area. The project Wintering Migrant along the review area does include Charadrius Piping Plover T -- Texas Gulf Coast; beaches and beaches, or bayside mud or No effect melodus bayside mud or salt flats. salt flats. In addition, USFWS concern only extends to this species for wind energy project.

B-85 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Red knots migrate long distances in flocks northward through the contiguous United States mainly April-June, southward July- October. The Red Knot prefers No habitat for this species the shoreline of coast and bays exists in the project review and also uses mudflats during area. No shorelines, tidal flats, rare inland encounters. Wintering or mudflats exist in the project Calidris canutus Red Knot T -- Range includes- Aransas, area. Only assessed for wind No effect rufa Brazoria, Calhoun, Cameron, energy projects in area. In Chambers, Galveston, Jefferson, addition, USFWS concern only Kennedy, Kleberg, Matagorda, extends to this species for Nueces, San Patricio, and wind energy projects. Willacy. Habitat: Primarily seacoasts on tidal flats and beaches, herbaceous wetland, and tidal flat/shore. Semi-tropical evergreen woodland Potentially suitable habitat for along rivers and resacas. Texas this species exists within the ebony, anacua and other trees project review area. Trees Setophaga with epiphytic plants hanging from Tropical Parula -- T near dense woodlands with May impact pitiayumi them. Dense or open woods, epiphytic plants were undergrowth, brush, and trees observed within the project along edges of rivers and area. resacas; breeding April to July. Open grasslands, especially Potentially suitable habitat for prairie, plains, and savanna, this species exists in the Athene Western Burrowing sometimes in open areas such as project review area. The cunicularia -- SGCN May impact Owl vacant lots near human habitation project review area contains hypugaea or airports; nests and roosts in open grasslands and is abandoned burrows. adjacent to human structures. Prefers freshwater marshes, sloughs, and irrigated rice fields, No habitat for this species but will attend brackish and exists in the project review White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi -- T saltwater habitats. Nests in area. No marshes, sloughs, or No impact marshes, in low trees, on the irrigated rice fields exist in the ground in bulrushes or reeds, or project review area. on floating mats.

B-86 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Arid open country, including open deciduous or pine-oak woodland, mesa or mountain county, often Potentially suitable habitat for near watercourses, and wooded this species exists within the canyons and tree-lined rivers project review area. The Buteo along middle-slopes of desert Zone-tailed Hawk -- T project review area consists of May impact albonotatus mountains. Nests in various open arid county and habitats and sites, ranging from deciduous woodlands near small trees in lower desert, giant watercourses. cottonwoods in riparian areas, to mature conifers in high mountain regions. Arachnids A habitat description from TPWD No suitable habitat for this is not available at this time. species exists in the project An arachnid Chitrella major -- SGCN However, further research No impact area. The project area does indicates that this species is a not contain any caves. cave obligate pseudoscorpion. A habitat description from TPWD No suitable habitat for this is not available at this time. Cicurina species exists in the project An arachnid -- SGCN However, further research No impact holsingeri area. The project area does indicates that this species is a not contain any caves. cave obligate spider. A habitat description from TPWD No suitable habitat for this is not available at this time. species exists in the project An arachnid Cicurina patei -- SGCN However, further research No impact area. The project area does indicates that this species is a not contain any caves. cave obligate spider. A habitat description from TPWD No suitable habitat for this is not available at this time. species exists in the project An arachnid Cicurina porteri -- SGCN However, further research No impact area. The project area does indicates that this species is a not contain any caves. cave obligate spider. A habitat description from TPWD No suitable habitat for this is not available at this time. Eidmannella species exists in the project An arachnid -- SGCN However, further research No impact delicata area. The project area does indicates that this species is a not contain any caves. cave obligate spider.

B-87 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal A habitat description from TPWD No suitable habitat for this is not available at this time. Dinocheirus species exists in the project An arachnid -- SGCN However, further research No impact cavicola area. The project area does indicates that this species is a not contain any caves. cave obligate pseudoscorpion. Crustaceans A habitat description from TPWD No habitat for this species is not available at this time. Texanobathynella exists in the project review A bathynellid -- SGCN However, further research into the No impact bowmani area. No caves are present in species determined that this the project review area. species is restricted to caves. A habitat description from TPWD is not available at this time. No habitat for this species A cave obligate Speocirolana However, further research into the exists in the project review -- SGCN No impact isopod hardeni species determined that this area. No caves are present in species is found exclusively in the project review area. caves. No habitat for this species Subaquatic; subterranean Devil’s Sinkhole Stygobromus exists in the project review -- SGCN obligate crustacean; in cave pools No impact amphipod hadenoecus area. No caves are present in (enriched by bat guano?) the project review area. A habitat description from TPWD is not available at this time. No habitat for this species No accepted Artesia However, further research into the exists in the project review -- SGCN No impact common name subterranea species determined that this area. No caves are present in species is only known from the project review area. subterranean habitats. A habitat description from TPWD No habitat for this species is not available at this time. No accepted Seborgia exists in the project review -- SGCN However, further research into the No impact common name hershleri area. No caves are present in species determined that this is a the project review area. cave obligate amphipod. A habitat description from TPWD No habitat for this species is not available at this time. No accepted Paraholsingerius exists in the project review -- SGCN However, further research into the No impact common name smaragdinus area. No caves are present in species determined that this the project review area. species is a cave obligate.

B-88 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal No habitat for this species exists in the project review No accepted Paramexiweckelia Gravel bottom and lacks -- SGCN area. No gravel bottom creeks No impact common name ruffoi vegetation. without vegetation are present in the project review area. Fish Devils River and Alamito Creek. Shallow water (25 cm) on bedrock No habitat for this species shelves and in coves, sloughs, exists in the project review Cyprinodon Conchos pupfish -- T and backwaters over soft area. No shallow streams with No impact eximus bottoms, all where current is negligible current exist within negligible and bottom generally the project review area. devoid of aquatic macrophytes. Devils River, San Felipe and Sycamore creeks in Val Verde County; Las Moras (extirpated) No habitat for this species and Pinto creeks in Kinney exists within the project review Devils River County. Restricted to clear, Dionda diaboli T T area. The project review area No impact minnow spring-fed waters having little does not contain any spring- temperature variation. Found over fed creeks or streams. gravel-cobble substrate, usually associated with aquatic macrophytes. Originally throughout streams of the Edwards Plateau and the Rio No habitat for this species Grande basin, currently limited to exists within the project review Rio Grande drainage, including Headwater catfish Ictalurus lupus -- T area. The project review area No impact Pecos River basin; springs, and does not contain any spring- sandy and rocky riffles, runs, and fed creeks or streams. pools of clear creeks and small rivers. Can only be found in the Big Bend No habitat for this species portion of the Rio Grande. exists in the project review Rhinichthys Occasionally taken in lakes and Longnose dace -- SGCN area. No portion of the Rio No impact cataractae clear pools of rivers but prefers Grande is present within the clear, flowing water in gravelly project review area. riffles.

B-89 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Lower Pecos River, Devils River, No habitat for this species Manantial San Felipe and Sycamore creeks. exists within the project review roundhouse Dionda argentosa -- SGCN Val Verde County. Headwaters area. The project review area No impact minnow and runs of spring-influenced does not contain any spring- waters. fed creeks or streams. Discovered in a deep limestone No habitat for this species Mexican blindcat Prietella cave at Amistad National exists in the project review E E No impact (catfish) phreatophila Recreation Area near Del Rio, area. No caves are present Texas. within the project review area. Limited/uncertain distribution No habitat for this species within the Rio Grande. Rocky runs exists within the project review Moxostoma Mexican redhorse -- SGCN and riffles of creeks and small to area. No small to medium No impact austrinum medium rivers; often near rivers exist within the project boulders in swift water. review area. Originally Pecos River basin, No habitat for this species presently restricted to upper basin exists within the project review Cyprinodon only; shallow margins of clear, Pecos pupfish -- T area. The project review area No impact pecosensis vegetated spring waters high in does not contain any spring- calcium carbonate, as well as in fed creeks or streams. sinkhole habitats Limited range includes Devils and lower Pecos rivers, Las Moras, Pinto, and San Felipe creeks, and No habitat for this species Independence Creek in the Rio exists within the project review Cyprinella Proserpine shiner -- T Grande watershed in western area. The project review area No impact Proserpina Texas. Associated with spring-fed does not contain any spring- tributaries and spring-runs. May fed creeks or streams. be found in flowing pools, swift runs and riffles. Essentially restricted to the mainstream and spring-fed No habitat for this species tributaries of the Rio Grande and exists within the project review Etheostoma the lower Pecos River Rio Grande darter -- T area. The project review area No impact graham downstream to the Devils River does not contain any spring- and Dolan, San Felipe and fed creeks or streams. Sycamore creeks. Gravel and rubble riffles

B-90 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal No suitable habitat for this species exists within the Rio Grande drainage. Occurs Notropis project review area. The Rio Grande shiner -- T over substrate of rubble, gravel No impact jemezanus project review area does not and sand, often overlain with silt. contain any perennial water sources. Found throughout the Rio Grande and lower Pecos River but occurs No habitat for this species most frequently between the Río exists within the project review Macrhybopsis Conchos confluence and the area. No waters of the Rio Speckled chub -- T No impact aestivalis Pecos River. Flowing water over Grande or Pecos River are coarse sand and fine gravel present within the project substrates in streams; typically review area. found in raceways and runs. Restricted to San Felipe and No habitat for this species Sycamore creeks in Texas; also exists within the project review Gambusia occurs in Mexico. Prefers densely Spotfin gambusia -- T area. The San Felipe and No impact krumholzi vegetated, edge or quiet water Sycamore Creeks do not flow habitats in close association with within the project review area. areas of swift flows. Restricted to the Rio Grande basin in Texas including the lower No habitat for this species Pecos River. Typically found in exists within the project review Tamaulipas shiner Notropis braytoni -- T large rivers and creeks associated area. No large rivers or creeks No impact with a variety of flowing-water exist within the project review habitats such as runs and riffles area. over gravel, cobble, and sand. In Texas, it is found primarily in No suitable habitat for this Edwards Plateau streams from species exists within the the San Gabriel River in the east project review area. No Texas shiner Notropis amabilis -- SGCN No impact to the Pecos River in the west. relatively permanent water Typical habitat includes rocky or sources exist within the project sandy runs, as well as pools. review area.

B-91 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Insects

A habitat description from TPWD No suitable habitat for this is not available at this time. species exists within the However, further research into the Ochrotrichia project review area. No A caddisfly -- SGCN species determined that limited No impact capitana relatively permanent water data is available. The species is sources exist within the project though to prefer running water review area. riffles, or shallow shore areas.

No suitable habitat for this species exists within the West Texas; mayflies project review area. The distinguished by aquatic larval project review area does not A Mayfly Caenis arwini -- SGCN No impact stage; adult stage generally found contain shoreline vegetation in shoreline vegetation. as there area not relatively permanent waters within the project review area. A habitat description from TPWD is not available at this time. Potential habitat may exist However, further research into the within the project review area species determined that these for this species. Potential nest American Bombus -- SGCN species can survive in a wide locations were abundant May impact bumblebee pensylvanicus range of habitats so long as that within the project review area, nectar for foraging is located and wildflowers for foraging within several kilometers of their were observed. hive. A habitat description from TPWD No habitat for this species is not available at this time. exists within the project review However, further research into the Comanche Pogonomyrmex area. No deep prairies soils -- SGCN species determined that this No impact harvester ant comanche surrounded by oak forests are species only nests in very deep found within the project review sandy soils in prairies surrounded area. by oak forests. Potential habitat may exist A habitat description from TPWD within the project review area is not available at this time. for this species. Areas of Daedelus Pediodectes However, further research into the -- SGCN maintained and unmaintained May impact shieldback katydid daedelus species determined that requires grasses were present that flowers, leaves, small insects, and would provide suitable fungi for foraging habitat. foraging habitat. B-92 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Potential habitat may exist A habitat description from TPWD within the project review area is not available at this time. for this species. Potential nest Perdita However, further research into the Dolan Falls Perdita -- SGCN locations were abundant May impact dolanensis species determined that this within the project review area, species required nectar for and wildflowers for foraging foraging. were observed A habitat description from TPWD is not available at this time. Potentially suitable habitat for However, further research into the this species exists within the No accepted Holocopasites -- SGCN species determined that this project review area. Various May impact common name jerryrozeni species is found from Canada to species of wildflowers were Mexico and forages on various observed. flower species. A habitat description from TPWD is not available at this time. No potential habitat exists for However, further research into the this species within the project No accepted Petrophila -- SGCN species determined that this review area as the project is No impact common name daemonalis species is endemic to the not located on the Edwards Edwards Plateau of Central Plateau. Texas. A habitat description from TPWD No potential habitat for this is not available at this time. species exists within the No accepted Oxyelophila However, further research into the -- SGCN project review area. There are No impact common name callista species determined that the no aquatic habitats within the larvae for this species of moth is project review area. aquatic. This species was recently Potential habitat may exist for described from Texas in only two this species within the project No accepted localities (a creek and a water Latineosus cibola -- SGCN review area. A water treatment May impact common name treatment plant on a major river) plant is present within the in Val Verde and Webb Counties review area. (Sun and McCafferty, 2008).

B-93 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal A habitat description from TPWD is not available at this time. No potential habitat for this However, further research into the species exists within the Purse casemaker species determined that very little Hydroptila melia -- SGCN project review area. There are No impact caddisfly is known about this species. The no aquatic habitats within the larval stage required an project review area. undetermined type of aquatic habitat. Appears endemic to the karst springs and spring runs of the Edwards Plateau region; flow in No habitat for this species type locality swift but may drop Texas exists within the project review Austrotinodes significantly during periods of little austrotinodes -- SGCN area. No karst springs or No impact texensis drought; substrate coarse and caddisfly spring runs exist within the ranges from cobble and gravel to project review area. limestone bedrock; many limestone outcroppings also found along the streams Mammals Generalist. Historically found throughout Texas. In Chisos, prefers higher elevations where pinyon-oaks predominate; also No habitat for this species occasionally sighted in desert exists within the project review scrub of Trans-Pecos (Black Gap area. No pinyon oaks forests, Wildlife Management Area) and Black Bear Ursus americanus -- T juniper-oak habitats, or large No impact Edwards Plateau in juniper-oak areas of inaccessible forested habitat. For ssp. luteolus, areas are present within the bottomland hardwoods, floodplain project review area. forests, upland hardwoods with mixed pine; marsh. Bottomland hardwoods and large tracts of inaccessible forested areas. No habitat for this species Dry, flat, short grasslands with exists within the project review Black-tailed Prairie Cynomys low, relatively sparse vegetation, area. No flat, sparsely -- SGCN No impact Dog ludovicianus including areas overgrazed by vegetated areas were cattle; live in large family groups observed within the project review area.

B-94 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Colonial and cave-dwelling; also roosts in rock crevices, old buildings, carports, under bridges, No habitat for this species and even in abandoned Cliff exists in the project review Swallow (Hirundo pyrrhonota) area. The project review area Cave myotis bat Myotis velifer -- SGCN nests. Roosts in clusters of up to does not contain any cliff No impact thousands of individuals; faces, large vertical structures, hibernates in limestone caves of or abandoned structures for Edwards Plateau and gypsum roosting. cave of Panhandle during winter. Opportunistic insectivore. Arid canyons; roosts in crevices in rock walls of desert canyons, old buildings, hollow trees; roost site Potential habitat for this must have clearance for a three species exists within the meter fall by exiting bats; colony Greater Western Eumops perotis project area. Tall snags were -- SGCN size varies from several May impact Mastiff Bat californicus observed throughout the individuals to several dozen; forested portions of the project males and females may remain review area. together throughout the year; single offspring (occasionally twins) born June-July. No potential habitat for this Open desert grassland; avoids species exists within the Kit fox Vulpes macrotis -- SGCN rugged, rocky terrain and wooded project review area. No open No impact areas. desert grassland was observed. Potential habitat for this Includes brushlands, fence rows, species exists within the upland woods and bottomland project review area. The Long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata -- SGCN hardwoods, forest edges & rocky May impact project review area contains desert scrub. Usually live close to brushlands and fencerow water. habitat. Potential habitat for this Generalist; found in a wide range species exists within the of habitats statewide. Found most Mountain Lion Puma concolor -- SGCN project review area. Riparian May impact frequently in rugged mountains & woodlands and rocky outcrops riparian zones. were observed.

B-95 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal No potential habitat for this Semiarid desert grasslands; species exists within the roosts in caves, cliff crevices Pocketed Free- Nyctinomops project review area. No caves, -- SGCN under building roof tiles; feed on No impact tailed Bat femorosaccus high cliffs, or buildings are insects; females bear one pup per present within the project season Jul – Aug. review area. Underground burrows of deep, Potential habitat for this sandy soils; feed mostly on species exists within the Geomys Texas Pocket vegetation; reproductive data not project review area. Open personatus -- SGCN May impact Gopher well known, but likely breed year parkland habitat was present fuscus round, with no more than two and would provide suitable litters per year. burrow locations. In Texas, habitat ranges from desert scrub to pinyon-juniper Potential habitat for this woodland, consistently in areas species exists within the Townsend’s Big- Corynorhinus -- SGCN with canyons or cliffs (Schmidly project review area. Desert May impact eared Bat townsendii 1991). Roosts in caves, crevices, scrub and trees suitable for trees, and buildings in the roosting were observed. Panhandle and Trans-Pecos. Potential habitat for this Forest, woodland and riparian Perimyotis species exists within the Tricolored Bat -- SGCN areas are important. Caves are May impact subflavus project review area. Riparian very important to this species. woodlands were observed. Potential habitat for this species exists within the Habitats include woodlands, project review area. grasslands &; deserts, to 7200 Woodlands and rocky canyon Western Hog- Conepatus feet, most common in rugged, -- SGCN country exist within the project May impact nosed Skunk leuconotus rocky canyon country; little is review area. In addition, two known about the habitat of the NDD occurrences of the ssp. telmalestes. species occur within 1.5-mile of the project. Brushy canyons, rocky outcrops Potential habitat for this (rimrock) on hillsides and walls of species exists within the canyons. In semi-arid brushlands project review area. Rocky Western Spotted in U.S., in wet tropical forests in Spilogale gracilis -- SGCN outcrops on hillsides and May impact Skunk Mexico. When inactive or bearing semi-arid brushlands were young, occupies den in rocks, observed within the project burrow, hollow log, brush pile, or review area. under building.

B-96 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Forages over water both perennial and intermittent Potential habitat for this sources, found at low elevations species exists within the (< 6,000 feet), roosts in project review area. Ample vegetation (yucca, hackberry, roosting vegetation in close Western Yellow Lasiurus sycamore, cypress, and proximity to water foraging -- SGCN May impact Bat xanthinus especially palm); also hibernates areas were located within the in palm; locally common in project review area. In residential areas landscaped with addition, an NDD occurrence palms in Tuscon and Phoenix, overlaps the entire project Arizona; young born in June; review area. insectivore Woodlands, riparian corridors and canyons. Most individuals in Potential habitat for this Texas probably transients from species exists within the Mexico; diurnal and crepuscular; White-nosed Coati Nasua narica -- T project review area. May impact very sociable; forages on ground Woodlands and riparian and in trees; omnivorous; may be corridors were observed. susceptible to hunting, trapping, and pet trade. Mollusks A habitat description from TPWD No potentially suitable habitat is not available at this time. is present within the project Crowned Phreatodrobia However, further research into the review area as no perennial -- T No impact Cavesnail coronae species determined that this waterbodies or spring-fed species is found in spring-fed creeks cross the project creeks. review area.

B-97 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Occurs in large rivers but may also be found in medium-sized streams. Is commonly found in habitats with some flowing water, often in protected near shore areas such as banks and backwaters but also at the head No potentially suitable habitat of riffles; the latter more often is present within the project Mexican fawnsfoot Truncilla cognata -- T supporting both sub-adults and review area as no perennial No impact adults. Typically occurs in waterbodies are present within substrates of mixed sand and the project review area. gravel as well as soft unconsolidated sediments. Considered intolerant of reservoirs (Randklev et al. 2017b; Randklev et al. forthcoming). [Mussels of Texas 2019]. A habitat description from TPWD No potential habitat for this is not available at this time. species exists within the However, further research into the project review area. The species determined that this project review area is not No accepted species was historically found in Elimia comalensis -- SGCN located in the historically No impact common name the Guadalupe, Comal, and occupied river basins for this Brazos river drainages from species and is not spring-fed areas. It is believed to hydrologically connected to be present potentially within San San Felipe Creek. Felipe Creek. Occurs in medium to large rivers, where it may be found in substrates composed of various combinations of mud, sand, gravel, and cobble, as well as No potentially suitable habitat under rocks. It occurs in areas is present within the project Potamilus Salina mucket -- T with slow to moderate current, review area as no perennial No impact metnecktayi most often in stable littoral waterbodies cross the project habitats dominated by boulder or review area. bedrock habitat; not known from reservoirs (Randklev et al. 2017b; Randklev et al. forthcoming). [Mussels of Texas 2019].

B-98 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal A habitat description from TPWD No potentially suitable habitat is not available at this time. is present within the project Texapyrgus Striated hydrobe -- SGCN However, further research into the review area as no perennial No impact longleyi species determined that it prefers waterbodies cross the project perennial freshwater habitats. review area. Occurs in small streams to large rivers in slow to moderate current, often residing in rock crevices, travertine shelves, and under large boulders, where small- No potentially suitable habitat grained material, such as clay, is present within the project Texas hornshell Popenaias popeii E E silt, or sand gathers. Can also review area as no perennial No impact occur in riffles that are clean waterbodies cross the project swept of soft silt; not known from review area. reservoirs (Carman 2007; Inoue et al. 2014; Randklev et al. 2017b; Randklev et al. forthcoming). [Mussels of Texas 2019]. Reptiles Terrestrial: Habitats include moderately open prairie- brushland regions, particularly fairly flat areas free of vegetation Potentially suitable habitat for or other obstructions (e.g., open this species exists within the meadows, old and new fields, Plateau Spot-tailed Holbrookia project review area. Areas -- SGCN graded roadways, cleared and May impact Earless Lizard lacerata with graded roadways and disturbed areas, prairie savanna, cleared and disturbed areas and active agriculture including were observed. row crops); also, oak-juniper woodlands and mesquite-prickly pear associations (Axtell 1968, Bartlett and Bartlett 1999).

B-99 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Terrestrial: Requires open brush- grasslands; thorn-scrub Potentially suitable habitat for vegetation, usually on well- this species exists within the drained rolling terrain of shallow Reticulate Collared Crotaphytus project review area. Areas of -- SGCN gravel, caliche, or sandy soils; May impact Lizard reticulatus thorn-scrub vegetation with often on scattered flat rocks below appropriate soils were escarpments or isolated rock observed. outcrops among scattered clumps of prickly pear and mesquite Aquatic: Habitat includes rivers and their more permanent spring- No potentially suitable habitat fed tributary streams, beaver is present within the project ponds, and stock tanks (Garrett Rio Grande River Pseudemys review area. No permanent -- SGCN and Barker 1987). Occupied No impact Cooter gorzugi waterbodies were observed or waters may have a muddy, sandy, are mapped within the project or rocky bottom, and may or may review area. not contain aquatic vegetation (Degenhardt et al. 1996). Terrestrial: Habitats include moderately open prairie- brushland regions, particularly Potentially suitable habitat for fairly flat areas free of vegetation this species exists within the or other obstructions (e.g., open project review area. Tamaulipan Spot- meadows, old and new fields, Moderately open prairie- Holbrookia tailed Earless -- SGCN graded roadways, cleared and brushland regions, cleared May impact subcaudalis Lizard disturbed areas, prairie savanna, and disturbed areas, and and active agriculture including mesquite-prickly pear row crops); also, oak-juniper associations were observed woodlands and mesquite-prickly within the project review area. pear associations (Axtell 1968, Bartlett and Bartlett 1999).

B-100 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Terrestrial: Open habitats with sparse vegetation, including grass, prairie, cactus, scattered Potentially suitable habitat for brush or scrubby trees; soil may this species exists within the vary in texture from sandy to Texas Horned Phrynosoma project review area. Areas -- T rocky; burrows into soil, enters May impact Lizard cornutum with sparse vegetation was rodent burrows, or hides under abundant throughout the rock when inactive. Occurs to project review area. 6000 feet, but largely limited below the pinyon-juniper zone on mountains in the Big Bend area. Terrestrial: Thornbush-chaparral Potentially suitable habitat for woodland of south Texas, in this species exists within the Drymarchon particular dense riparian corridors. project review area. Moist Texas Indigo melanurus -- SGCN Can do well in suburban and microhabitats are abundant May impact Snake erebennus irrigated croplands. Requires within the project review area, moist microhabitats, such as and dense riparian corridors rodent burrows, for shelter. were present. Open brush with a grass understory is preferred. Open Potentially suitable habitat for grass and bare ground are this species exists within the avoided; when inactive occupies project review area. Areas of Gopherus shallow depressions at base of Texas tortoise -- T open brush with grass May impact berlandieri bush or cactus, sometimes in understory and cacti are underground burrows or under present within the project objects. Longevity greater than 50 review area. years. Active March-November; breeds April-November. Potentially suitable habitat for Terrestrial: Found rocky canyons this species exists within the Trans-Pecos or hillsides in mesquite-creosote project review area. Rocky black-headed Tantilla cucullata -- T May impact and pinyon-juniper-oak forests, as hillsides and grasslands were snake well as grasslands. observed within the project review area.

B-101 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Terrestrial: Ornate or western box turtles inhabit prairie grassland, pasture, fields, sandhills, and Potentially suitable for this open woodland. They are species exists within the essentially terrestrial but Western Box project review area. Pastures, Terrapene ornata -- SGCN sometimes enter slow, shallow May impact Turtle fields, and suitable woodlands streams and creek pools. For were observed within the shelter, they burrow into soil (e.g., project review area. under plants such as yucca) (Converse et al. 2002) or enter burrows made by other species. Terrestrial: Shortgrass or mixed Potentially suitable habitat for grass prairie, with gravel or sandy this species exists within the soils. Often found associated with Western Hognose Heterodon project review area. -- SGCN draws, floodplains, and more May impact Snake nasicus Floodplains and mesic mesic habitats within the arid habitats were observed within landscape. Frequently occurs in the project review area. shrub encroached grasslands. Plants Potentially suitable habitat for Shrublands in draws on rocky this species exists within the limestone slopes and on Anacacho orchid Bauhinia project review area. -- SGCN limestone ledges along rivers; May impact tree lunarioides Shrublands on rocky Perennial; Flowering March-Dec; limestone slopes were Fruiting May-Oct observed. Potentially suitable habitat for Most consistently encountered in this species exists within the Matelea thornscrub in South Texas; Arrowleaf Milkvine -- SGCN project review area. May impact sagittifolia Perennial; Flowering March-July; Thornscrub vegetation was Fruiting April-July and Dec? observed. Western Edwards Plateau and the Trans-Pecos, seemingly disjunct Potentially suitable habitat for Broadpod Streptanthus in Llano Uplift area, occurring -- SGCN this species exists within the May impact Twistflower platycarpus sparingly in various habitats; project review area. Biennial Annual; Flowering/Fruiting March-June

B-102 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Dry, steep or vertical limestone cliff faces of various exposures in Chihuahuan Desert along Rio Grande, Pecos River, and their No potentially suitable habitat tributaries, at elevations of 350- for this species exists within Cliff bedstraw Galium correllii -- SGCN No impact 500 m (1150-1650 ft), resembles the project review area as no cliff swallow nests that are also cliff faces were observed. found on limestone cliffs; flowering April-November, fruiting May-December Found mostly in fractures of No potentially suitable habitat vertical limestone cliff-faces in for this species exists within Cliff Thistle Cirsium turneri -- SGCN canyons along the Rio Grande; No impact the project review area as no Perennial; Flowering April-Dec; cliff faces were observed. Fruiting June-Oct Wet, silty clay loams on stream sides, in creek beds, irrigation channels and roadside drainage No suitable habitat for this ditches; or seepy, mucky, species exists in the project sometimes gravelly soils along Correll’s False Physostegia review area. The project -- SGCN riverbanks or small islands in the No impact Dragon-head correllii review area does not have any Rio Grande; or underlain by consistently wet creeks or Austin Chalk limestone along drainages. gently flowing spring-fed creek in central Texas; flowering May- September Potentially suitable habitat for this species exists within the Creeping Occurs mostly in open xeric project review area. Xeric Bonamia repens -- SGCN May impact Petrogenia habitats on limestone (Carr 2015). limestone habitats were observed within the project review area. Limestone cliff-faces in Val Verde No potentially suitable habitat Perityle Devils River Rock- County eastward to central Texas; for this species exists within lindheimeri var. -- SGCN No impact daisy Perennial; Flowering April-Sept; the project review area as no halimifolia Fruiting June-Aug cliff faces were observed.

B-103 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal According to specimen Potentially suitable habitat for collections, found on grama-grass this species exists within the Dwarf prairie on caliche uplands, also Euphorbia jejuna -- SGCN project review area. Dry May impact Broomspurge dry caliche slopes, and limestone caliche uplands were present hills; flowering late March through within the project review area. July. No suitable habitat for this Essentially restricted to species exists in the project frequently-scoured gravelly Gravelbar review area. The project Brickellia dentata -- SGCN alluvial beds in creek and river No impact Brickellbush review area does not contain bottoms; Perennial; Flowering any frequently-scoured alluvial June-Nov; Fruiting June-Oct. beds. Occurs sparingly on rock outcrops Potentially suitable habitat for Penstemon Heller’s and in grasslands associated with this species exists within the triflorus spp. -- SGCN May impact beardtongue juniper-oak woodlands (Carr project review area. Rock integrifolius 2015). outcrops are present. Moist or subirrigated alkaline or gypsiferous clayey soils along unshaded margins of cienegas and other wetlands; occurs sparingly on an alkaline, somewhat saline silt loam on No potentially suitable habitat terraces of spring-fed streams in for this species exists within Longstalk Heimia Nesaea longipes -- SGCN grassland; also occurs common in the project review area. No No impact moderately alkaline clay along unshaded wetlands or riparian perennial stream and in areas were observed. subirrigated wetlands atop poorly- defined spring system; also occurs in low, wetland area along highway right-of-way; flowering May-September Potentially suitable habitat for Occurs in the Devils River this species exists within the Mexican Hesperaloe -- SGCN watershed along dry rocky project review area. Rocky May impact hesperaloe funifera limestone slopes (Carr 2015). limestone slopes were observed.

B-104 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Wet clayey soils of resacas and No potentially suitable habitat ephemeral wetlands in South for this species exists within Mexican mud- Heteranthera Texas and along margins of the project review area. No -- SGCN No impact plantain mexicana playas in the Panhandle; wet clayey soils or playas flowering June-December, only were present within the project after sufficient rainfall. review area. Potentially suitable habitat for Moist to dry gravelly alluvial soils Brickellia this species exists within the Narrowleaf along riverbanks but also on eupatorioides var. -- SGCN project review area. Limestone May impact Brickellbush limestone slopes; Perennial; gracillima slopes were observed within Flowering/Fruiting April-Nov. the project review area. Potentially suitable habitat for Limestone slopes; Perennial; this species exists within the Palmer’s milkwort Polygala palmeri -- SGCN Flowering April-July; Fruiting May impact project review area. Limestone June-Oct. slopes were observed. No potentially suitable habitat Somewhat barren gypseous clays for this species exists within or limestone soils at low Kallstroemia the project review area. The Perennial Caltrop -- SGCN elevations in the Chihuahuan No impact perennans Chihuahuan desert does not Desert; flowering late spring-early overlap the project review fall. area. Banks and gravelly beds of No potentially suitable habitat perennial (or strong intermittent) for this species exists within Lythrum streams on the Edwards Plateau, the project review area. No Plateau loosestrife -- SGCN No impact ovalifolium Llano Uplift and Lampasas perennial or strong intermittent Cutplain; Perennial; streams are present within the Flowering/Fruiting April-Nov. project review area. No potentially suitable habitat Crevices of limestone bluffs and for this species exists within Rayless Rock- Perityle -- SGCN cliff-faces; Perennial; Flowering the project review area. No No impact daisy angustifolia April-Oct; Fruiting April-Sept. limestone bluffs or cliff faces were observed. Potentially suitable habitat for this species exists within the Shrublands on dry limestone Hesperaloe project review area. Red Yucca -- SGCN slopes; Perennial; Flowering May impact parviflora Shrublands on dry limestone April-May; Fruiting May-June. slopes were observed within the project review area.

B-105 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Potentially suitable habitat for Occurs on rocky limestone slopes this species exists within the and in streambeds; Perennial; Rock Grape Vitis rupestris -- SGCN project review area. Rocky May impact Flowering March-May; Fruiting slopes are present within the May-July. project review area. Shortgrass grasslands or cenizo- guajillo shrublands on shallow, stony to gravelly clay soils on dry, Potentially suitable habitat for open limestone or yellowish, this species exists within the eroding caliche hills; flowering Pediomelum project review area. Cenizo- Rydberg’s scurpea -- SGCN March-May, however, plants often May impact humile guajillo shrublands on dry do not appear above the ground limestone hills were observed surface if there is not sufficient within the project review area. precipitation, flowering and fruit maturation are also dependent on rainfall. Information sketchy, but probably No potentially suitable habitat in rocky soils or on limestone for this species exists within Sabinal Prairie outcrops in sparse grassland the project review area. No Dalea sabinalis -- SGCN No impact Clover openings in juniper-oak oak-juniper woodlands are woodlands; flowering April-May or present within the project May -June. review area. Potentially suitable habitat for Dry rocky limestone slopes; this species exists within the Shinner's Flyriella parryi -- SGCN Perennial; Flowering/Fruiting project review area. Rocky May impact brickellbush April-June. limestone slopes were observed. No potentially suitable habitat Shaded areas in gravelly for this species exists in the limestone canyons and arroyos, project review area. The often in dry creek beds at project review area does not Sparsely-flowered Streptanthus elevations ranging 1,200-1,800 m contain dry creek beds -- SGCN No impact Jewelflower sparsiflorus (3,900-5,900 ft); flowering May- associated with gravelly June; populations vary widely in limestone canyons. size from year to year depending Additionally, the project review on rainfall. area is below the listed elevation.

B-106 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal In shallow, slow-moving water in small, usually spring-fed streams and rivers arising from calcareous outcrops; abandoned river channel fed by a strong perennial stream, rooted in fine-textured sediments, with stems entirely No potentially suitable habitat submerged and only the flowering for this species exists within Springrun Shinnersia branch tips appearing above the project review area. No -- SGCN No impact whitehead rivularis water surface; in slowly flowing perennial creek beds are water up to 0.3-0.4 m deep but present within the project appeared to be absent from review area. deeper water, shaded for most of the day; also in water 0.5-1 m deep, rooted in a mucky to gravelly bottom; flowering throughout the year, most reliably March-May. Wide-ranging but scarce, in a variety of grassland and Potentially suitable habitat for shrubland situations, mostly on this species exists within the calcareous soils underlain by project review area. Texas almond Prunus minutiflora -- SGCN May impact limestone but occasionally in Calcareous soils in shrubland sandier neutral soils underlain by situations were observed granite; Perennial; Flowering Feb- within the project review area. May and Oct; Fruiting Feb-Sept. Mountains, hills, and mesas, igneous and limestone, oak- Potentially suitable habitat for juniper-pinyon woodland or this species exists within the Echinocereus juniper woodland on limestone Texas Claret-cup project review area. Rocky coccineus var. -- SGCN mesas, mostly rocky habitats but May impact Cactus habitats with mesquite and paucispinus also in alluvial basins, grasslands, other shrubs were observed or among mesquite or other within the project review area. shrubs. Flowering March - April (Powell and Weedin 2004).

B-107 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Dry limestone ledges, chalk bluffs, No potentially suitable habitat and limestone outcrops; one for this species exists within population is on an extremely Glossopetalon the project review area. No Texas greasebush -- SGCN steep slope, inaccessible to most No impact texense bluffs or steep slopes were herbivores; flowering period observed within the project uncertain, including at least June- review area. December. Found primarily in grassy Potentially suitable habitat for openings in juniper-oak this species exists within the woodlands on dry rocky slopes project review area. Rock Texas seymeria Syemeria texana -- SGCN but sometimes on rock outcrops May impact outcrops on dry slopes were in shaded canyons; Annual; observed within the project Flowering May-Nov; Fruiting July- review area. Nov. Occurs very sparingly in a variety Potentially suitable habitat for of shrublands and canyon this species exists within the Yeatesia Texas shrimp-plant -- SGCN woodlands at widely scattered project review area. Shurbland May impact platystegia locations; Perennial; habitat was observed within Flowering/Fruiting April-Dec. the project review area. Limestone bluffs, boulder slopes, cliff faces, and gravelly streambeds, usually along No potentially suitable habitat perennial streams or intermittent for this species exists within Styrax drainages in canyon bottoms, in the project review area. No Texas snowbells platanifolius ssp. E E full sun or in partial shade of cliffs perennial streams or suitable No impact texanus and/or Sycamore-Little walnut land formations were woodlands, oak-juniper observed within the project woodlands, or mixed oak review area. shrublands; flowering late March- April.

B-108 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Shallow, well-drained, calcareous, gravelly loams over caliche on gentle to moderate slopes, often in sparsely vegetated openings in Potentially suitable habitat for cenizo (Leucophyllum frutescens) this species exists within the Acleisanthes Texas trumpets -- SGCN shrublands; known populations project review area. Cenizo May impact crassifolia occur on Austin Chalk shrublands were observed (Cretaceous) or Uvalde Gravel within the project review area. (Pleistocene); Perennial; Flowering March-November; Fruiting April-December. Shallow, moderately alkaline, stony clay and clay loams over massive fractured limestone; usually on level to slightly sloping hilltops; occasionally on relatively level areas on steeper slopes, and in rocky floodplains; usually No suitable habitat for this open areas within a mosaic of species exists within the Sclerocactus oak-juniper woodlands, project review area. The Tobusch fishhook brevihamatus occasionally in pine-oak T E project review area does not No effect cactus ssp. tobuschii woodlands, rarely in cenizo contain any oak-juniper shrublands or little bluestem woodlands and is dominated grasslands; sites are usually open by cenizo shrublands. with only herbaceous cover, although the cactus may be somewhat protected by rocks, grasses, or spikemosses; flowering (late January-) February-March (rarely early April). Parasitic on various Quercus, Potentially suitable habitat for Juglans, Rhus, Vitis, Ulmus, and this species exists within the Diospyros species as well as project review area. Suitable Tree Dodder Cuscuta exaltata -- SGCN May impact Acacia berlandieri and other host species were observed woody plants; Annual; Flowering throughout the project review May-Oct; Fruiting July-Oct. area.

B-109 Potential Impacts Table - State and Federally-Listed Species of Potential Occurrence in Val Verde County, and Potential Impacts/Effects as a Result of the Del Rio Northside Wastewater Treatment Pipeline Project – Preferred and Alternative Alignments Potential for Habitat to Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Occur in Project Review Impact/ State Status Status Area Effect Federal Potentially suitable habitat for Brush, dwarf oak scrub, stream this species exists within the Crataegus banks, 300-600 m elevation; project review area. Brushy Tuner’s hawthorn -- SGCN May impact turnerorum Perennial; Flowering April-June; scrub and stream banks are Fruiting April-Sept. present within the project review area. No suitable habitat for this species exists within the Crevices and solution pits in Warnock’s Rock- project rea. No steep, dry Perityle warnockii -- SGCN steep, dry, inaccessible limestone No impact daisy limestone bluffs were bluffs; flowering spring-fall. observed within the project review area. Potentially suitable habitat for this species exists within the Astragalus On sandy or gravelly soils; April Wright’s milkvetch -- SGCN project review area. Both May impact wrightii (Diggs et al. 1999). sandy and gravelly soils were present. Open semi-desert grasslands and Potentially suitable habitat for shrublands on shallow stony soils this species exists within the Acleisanthes over limestone on low hills and Wright’s trumpets -- SGCN project review area. Semi- May impact wrightii flats; Perennial; Flowering spring- dessert shrublands were fall, probably also in response to observed. rains. Potentially suitable habitat for Shortgrass grasslands and/or this species exists within the shrublands; dry gravelly clay soils project review area. over limestone on flats and low Wright’s water- Shrublands were present Justicia wrightii -- SGCN hills at elevations of 900-1500 m May impact willow throughout the project review (2950-4900 ft); flowering April- area. In addition, an NDD August, or perhaps after periods occurrence overlaps the entire of sufficient rainfall. project review area. Status: E – Endangered; T – Threatened; C – Candidate; SGCN – Species of Greatest Conservation Need; -- - Not Listed Source: USFWS, 2021; TPWD, 2021. IPaC Report generated February 15, 2021

B-110 Appendix B-4: Cultural Resources

B-111

Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed 6.7-Mile Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project, Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas

By:

Jeffrey D. Owens and Jesse O. Dalton

Texas Antiquities Permit No. 9396 H030-200069

Prepared for: Prepared by:

CP&Y, Inc. Horizon Environmental Services, Inc. San Antonio, Texas Austin, Texas

May 2020

B-112 B-113

Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed 6.7-Mile Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project, Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas

By:

Jeffrey D. Owens and Jesse O. Dalton

Prepared for:

CP&Y, Inc. One Countryside Place 12500 San Pedro Avenue, Suite 450 San Antonio, Texas 78216

Prepared by:

Horizon Environmental Services, Inc. 1507 S. Interstate 35 Austin, Texas 78741

Jeffrey D. Owens, Principal Investigator H030-200069

Texas Antiquities Permit No. 9396

May 2020

B-114 B-115 Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed 6.7-Mile Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project, Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

Horizon Environmental Services, Inc. (Horizon) was selected by CP&Y, Inc. (CP&Y), on behalf of the city of Del Rio, to conduct a cultural resources inventory and assessment for the proposed Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project in Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas. The proposed undertaking would consist of constructing approximately 10.8 kilometers (6.7 miles) of sanitary sewer gravity pipeline. The proposed sewer right-of-way (ROW) would generally follow the course of Cienegas Creek, though large portions of the proposed ROW would be constructed within existing city street ROWs. Beginning at the northeastern end of the project area, the proposed sewer ROW would run along the existing ROWs of Lausen Road, Veterans Boulevard, Stricklen Avenue, and S. Nancy Street for approximately 1.6 kilometers (1.0 mile). After crossing Amistad Boulevard, the ROW would run within the existing ROW of Fox Drive along the northern margin of Buena Vista Park for approximately 1.6 kilometers (1.0 mile). After crossing Kings Way, the ROW would enter an undeveloped area and generally follow the course of Cienegas Creek for approximately 1.3 kilometers (0.8 mile) before entering the existing ROW of Encino Drive for approximately 0.6 kilometer (0.4 mile). After crossing W. Cantu Road, the ROW would pass through the back side of several rural residential lots for approximately 0.6 kilometer (0.4 mile) and run along the existing ROW of Nicholas Street past the end of the Del Rio International Airport for approximately 0.3 kilometer (0.2 mile). Departing from the Nicholas Road ROW, the proposed sewer ROW would enter a large, relatively undeveloped area and run parallel to the course of Cienegas Creek for approximately 2.6 kilometers (1.6 miles). At this point, the proposed sewer ROW returns to existing street ROWs and continues for approximately 2.1 kilometers (1.3 miles) along Road 4110 M, Owens Drive, Cienegas Road, and Frontera Road before terminating at an existing wastewater treatment plant located across the street from the ALCOA Little League Fields. The proposed sewer line would be constructed within a corridor measuring a maximum of 24.4 meters (80.0 feet) in width. In addition to the linear ROW, an approximately 5.6-hectare (14.0-acre) temporary equipment staging area would be utilized off the northeastern side of Amistad Boulevard near the northeastern end of the project area. For purposes of the cultural resources survey, the project area is assumed to consist of the 10.8 kilometer- (6.7-mile-) long by 24.4-meter- (80.0-foot-) wide linear corridor, which would cover an area of 26.3-hecatares (65.0 acres), plus the 5.6-hectare (14.0-acre) temporary equipment staging area, covering a total area of 32.0 hectares (79.0 acres).

The proposed undertaking would be sponsored by the city of Del Rio, a political subdivision of the state of Texas; as such, the project would fall under the jurisdiction of the

H030-200069 v B-116

Management Summary

Antiquities Code of Texas. In addition, the project would require the use of Nationwide Permits issued under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA), which fall under the regulatory jurisdiction of the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Fort Worth District. As Nationwide Permits are federal permits, the portion of the overall project area that falls under the purview of the federal permits would also fall under the jurisdiction of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). As the proposed project represents a publicly sponsored undertaking, the project sponsor is required to provide the applicable federal agencies and the Texas Historical Commission (THC), which serves as the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) for the state of Texas, with an opportunity to review and comment on the project’s potential to adversely affect historic properties listed on or considered eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and for designation as State Antiquities Landmarks (SAL).

In addition to pedestrian walkover, the Texas State Minimum Archeological Survey Standards (TSMASS) require excavation of shovel tests in appropriate settings to determine the potential for subsurface archeological deposits. For linear projects, the TSMASS require the excavation of a minimum of one shovel test per 100.0 meters (328.1 feet) (i.e., 16 shovel tests per mile, or 10 shovel tests per kilometer) per 30.0-meter- (100.0-foot-) wide transect of right-of- way (or fraction thereof). As such, a minimum of 107 shovel tests ordinarily would be required within the 10.8 kilometer- (6.7-mile-) long linear portion of the project area. For block-area projects, the TSMASS call for excavation of a minimum of two shovel tests per 0.4 hectare (1.0 acre) for projects measuring 10.1 hectares (25.0 acres) or less in size. As such, a minimum of 28 shovel tests would be required within the proposed 5.6-hectare (14.0-acre) equipment staging area.

Horizon performed a mixed reconnaissance-level and intensive survey of the project area. Approximately 6.3 kilometers (3.9 miles) of the 10.8 kilometer- (6.7-mile-) long sewer line ROW (or approximately 58% of the project area) runs within the ROWs of existing city streets. These segments ranged from divided four-lane highways and paved two-way streets in the more urbanized portions of the project area to improved gravel roads and unimproved dirt roads in the more rural portions of the project area. Prior disturbances associated with construction, use, and ongoing maintenance of the paved roads and associated facilities in the more urbanized areas, including overhead and subsurface utilities, connective roadways and driveways, commercial and residential development, and drainage ditches, was extensive. Along the more rural roadways, moderate disturbances resulting from devegetation, grading, and minor roadway improvements were observed. As a result of the extent of existing impacts, Horizon considered that the potential for archeological resources in these areas would be low, and survey efforts therefore focused on confirming disturbances that would preclude the presence of intact archeological deposits.

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The remaining 4.5 kilometers (2.8 miles) of the linear sewer line ROW (or approximately 42% of the project area) runs along the terraces and the edges of eroding uplands along Cienegas Creek and was considered to have a higher potential for cultural resources than the segments of the project area located within existing city streets. Horizon intensively surveyed the Cienegas Creek segment of the project area. as well as the 5.6-hectare (14.0-acre) equipment staging area, which consists of a partially developed tract located between Amistad Boulevard and Gayle Avenue. Approximately the eastern half of the equipment staging area exhibited extensive prior disturbances from construction of S. Nancy Street and S. Terry Street, earth-moving and ditch excavations along the eastern margin by a Home Depot store, and construction of a gravel parking lot (now abandoned and partially overgrown). The western portion of the equipment staging area was less disturbed but showed signs of repeated brush clearing. An overhead transmission line runs adjacent to Amistad Boulevard along the southwestern margin of the equipment yard area

Vegetation within the more urban roadway segments typically consisted of short clump grasses, and visibility of the modern ground surface ranged from poor (30%) in vegetated areas to excellent 80 to 100%) in cleared areas. Vegetation within the more rural areas typically consisted of low desert scrub vegetation consisting of mesquite, oak, creosote, yucca, Spanish dagger, prickly pear and pencil cholla cacti, and mixed clump grasses, and visibility of the modern ground surface ranged from fair to good (30 to 50%) in uncleared areas to excellent (100%) within the cleared roadways.

Overall, the TSMASS would require a minimum of 107 shovel tests within the 10.8 kilometer- (6.7-mile-) long by 24.4-meter- (80.0-foot-) wide linear corridor, and a minimum of 28 shovel tests would be required within the 5.6-hectare (14.0-acre) temporary equipment storage yard. Horizon excavated a total of 104 shovel tests during the survey, including 76 shovel tests within the linear ROW and 28 shovel tests within the equipment storage yard. As such, the TSMASS for the linear component of the project area as a whole were not quite met, though the shovel testing density within the more undeveloped portions of the project area were met or exceeded, and shovel testing within the urban portions of the project was more than adequate to assess the potential of these highly disturbed environments for cultural resources. Shovel testing typically revealed shallow surficial deposits of silty clay loam overlying dense silty clay sediments or caliche or limestone deposits at depths ranging from 5.0 to 65.0 centimeters (2.0 to 25.6 inches) below surface. Heavily disturbed sediments mixed with road base gravels were common within the urban portions of the project area. As such, it is Horizon’s opinion that the shovel testing was capable of evaluating the potential of the project area to contain prehistoric and historic-age cultural resources with the potential to meet the criteria of significance for inclusion in the NRHP and for designation as SALs.

One newly recorded archeological site, 41VV2325, was recorded within the project area during the survey. Site 44VV2325 consists of a low- to moderate-density surficial scatter of aboriginal lithic debitage, crude bifaces, cores, and burned rocks observed along the base of a steep erosional scarp on the west-facing slopes of a gravelly upland ridge on the eastern side of Cienegas Creek. The erosional scarp to the east is very steeply sloped in places (more than 45 degrees), and the artifacts observed along the toe-slopes of this feature likely have been redeposited from a primary site location atop the ridge to the east. Limited investigations

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Management Summary conducted on the upper slopes and crest of the ridge confirmed that the site extends outside the current project area in this direction. Cultural materials observed include a finely flaked triangular biface fragment, a crude chert chopper, several crude chert and rhyolite bifaces and biface fragments, secondary and primary chert flakes, and chert and rhyolite pebble cores. A sparse scatter of burned rocks was observed on the site, but no discernable clusters or intact cultural features were encountered. Cultural materials are constrained entirely to the modern ground surface, and minimal soil cover is present across most of the site. While the triangular biface fragment is somewhat reminiscent of the Tortugas projectile point style (which dates to the Middle to Late Archaic periods), the absence of the proximal end of the artifact makes it difficult to determine if this specimen is in fact a projectile point or simply a knife or other bifacial implement. No clearly temporally diagnostic artifacts were observed, and site 41VV2325 can be dated only to an unspecified prehistoric timeframe. Based on the surficial and highly eroded character of archeological deposits, the lack of intact cultural features, and the lack of temporally diagnostic artifacts, the investigated portion of site 41VV2325 retains minimal research potential. The investigated portion of site 41VV2325 is recommended as ineligible for inclusion in the NRHP and for designation as an SAL.

Based on the results of the survey-level investigations documented in this report, no potentially significant cultural resources would be affected by the proposed undertaking. In accordance with 36 CFR 800.4, Horizon has made a reasonable and good-faith effort to identify historic properties within the project area. No cultural resources were identified within the project area that meet the criteria for designation as SALs according to 13 TAC 26 or for inclusion in the NRHP under 36 CFR 60.4. Horizon recommends a finding of “no historic properties affected,” and no further archeological work is recommended in connection with the proposed undertaking. However, human burials, both prehistoric and historic, are protected under the Texas Health and Safety Code. In the event that any human remains or burial objects are inadvertently discovered at any point during construction, use, or ongoing maintenance in the project area, even in previously surveyed areas, all work should cease immediately in the vicinity of the inadvertent discovery, and the THC should be notified immediately. Following completion of the project, all project records will be prepared for permanent curation at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory (TARL).

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ...... v

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING...... 7 2.1 Physiography and Hydrology...... 7 2.2 Geology and Geomorphology ...... 7 2.3 Climate ...... 9 2.4 Flora and Fauna ...... 10

3.0 CULTURAL BACKGROUND ...... 13 3.1 Previous Archeological Research ...... 13 3.2 Cultural Chronology in the Lower Pecos River Region ...... 18 3.2.1 PaleoIndian Period (ca. 10,000 to 7000 B.C.) ...... 19 3.2.2 Early Archaic Period (ca. 7000 to 4000 B.C.) ...... 20 3.2.3 Middle Archaic Period (ca. 4000 to 1200 B.C.) ...... 20 3.2.4 Late Archaic Period (ca. 1200 B.C. to A.D. 950) ...... 21 3.2.5 Late Prehistoric Period (ca. A.D. 950 to 1700) ...... 21 3.2.6 Historic Period (ca. A.D. 1700 to 1850) ...... 22

4.0 ARCHIVAL RESEARCH ...... 23

5.0 SURVEY METHODOLOGY ...... 27

6.0 RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS ...... 49 6.1 Site 41VV2325 ...... 49

7.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 57 7.1 Conceptual Framework ...... 57 7.2 Eligibility Criteria for Inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places .....58 7.3 Eligibility Criteria for Listing as a State Antiquities Landmark...... 59 7.4 Summary of Inventory Results ...... 60 7.5 Management Recommendations ...... 62

8.0 REFERENCES CITED ...... 65

APPENDIX A: Shovel Test Data

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Table of Contents

LIST OF FIGURES

Page Figure 1. Vicinity Map of Project Area ...... 2 Figure 2. Location of Project Area on USGS Topographic Quadrangle ...... 3 Figure 3. Location of Project Area on Aerial Photograph ...... 4 Figure 4. Soils Mapped within Project Area ...... 8 Figure 5. Locations of Known Cultural Resources within 1.0 Mile of Project Area ...... 24 Figure 6. Southern Side of Lausen Road (Facing West) ...... 28 Figure 7. Gravel Shoulder of Veteran’s Blvd. North of Chapman Road (Facing North) ...... 28 Figure 8. Grassy Shoulder of Veteran’s Blvd. South of Chapman Road (Facing North) ...... 29 Figure 9. Medical Clinic on Northern Side of Sticklen Avenue (Facing East) ...... 29 Figure 10. Eastern Shoulder of S. Nancy Street (Facing North) ...... 30 Figure 11. Undeveloped Area of Equipment Yard West of S. Terry Street (Facing South) ...... 30 Figure 12. Gravel Parking Lot East of Terry Street within Equipment Yard (Facing South) ...... 31 Figure 13. Overgrown Parking Lot between within Equipment Yard (Facing South) ...... 31 Figure 14. Transmission Line along Amistad Blvd. (Facing Northwest) ...... 32 Figure 15. View of Buena Vista Park (Left) and Fox Drive (Right) (Facing Northwest) ...... 32 Figure 16. View of Buena Vista Park and Existing Sewer Line (Facing Northwest) ...... 33 Figure 17. Intersection of King’s Way and Fox Drive (Facing South) ...... 33 Figure 18. Undeveloped Area West of King’s Way (Facing West) ...... 35 Figure 19. Undeveloped Area North of Encino Drive (Facing Southwest) ...... 35 Figure 20. Paved Portion of Encino Drive near Mary Lou Drive (Facing North) ...... 36 Figure 21. Two-Track Segment of Encino Drive South of Mary Lou Drive (Facing South) ...... 36 Figure 22. Nicholas Street Adjacent to Airport (Facing Northeast) ...... 37 Figure 23. Undeveloped Area Southwest of Nicholas Street (Facing Northeast)...... 37 Figure 24. Gulick Ranch Road 2 Southwest of Airport (Facing Northwest) ...... 38 Figure 25. Road 4110 M Northwest of Subdivision by Owens Drive (Facing Northwest)...... 38 Figure 26. Owens Drive (Facing South-Southwest) ...... 39 Figure 27. Cienegas Road (Facing Southeast) ...... 39 Figure 28. Frontera Road (Facing Northeast) ...... 40 Figure 29. Cienegas Creek near Southern Portion of Project Area (Facing South) ...... 40 Figure 30. Locations of Shovel Tests Excavated within Project Area (North) ...... 42 Figure 31. Locations of Shovel Tests Excavated within Project Area (North-Central) ...... 43 Figure 32. Locations of Shovel Tests Excavated within Project Area (South-Central) ...... 44 Figure 33. Locations of Shovel Tests Excavated within Project Area (South) ...... 45 Figure 34. Mapped Location of Site 41VV1692 on Airport Property (Facing Southeast) ...... 46

x 200069_arch_survey_report B-121 Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed 6.7-Mile Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project, Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas

Figure 35. Location of Site 41VV2325 on USGS Topographic Quadrangle...... 50 Figure 36. Sketch Map of Site 41VV2325 ...... 51 Figure 37. Steep Erosional Scarp at Northeast End of Site 41VV2325 (Facing Southeast) ...... 52 Figure 38. Overview of Site 41VV2325 (Facing South) ...... 52 Figure 39. Gravelly Modern Ground Surface on Site 41VV2325 ...... 53 Figure 40. Triangular Biface Fragment Observed on Site 41VV2325 ...... 54 Figure 41. Crude Bifaces Observed on Site 41VV2325 ...... 54 Figure 42. Crude Rhyolite Core Tool Observed on Site 41VV2325 ...... 55 Figure 43. Sample of Aboriginal Lithic Debitage Observed on Site 41VV2325 ...... 55

LIST OF TABLES

Page Table 1. Summary of Mapped Soils within Project Area ...... 9 Table 2. Previously Documented Cultural Resources within 1.0 Mile of Project Area ...... 25 Table 3. Summary of Cultural Resources Recorded During Survey ...... 62

H030-200069 xi B-122 B-123 Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed 6.7-Mile Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project, Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Horizon Environmental Services, Inc. (Horizon) was selected by CP&Y, Inc. (CP&Y), on behalf of the city of Del Rio, to conduct a cultural resources inventory and assessment for the proposed Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project in Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas. The proposed undertaking would consist of constructing approximately 10.8 kilometers (6.7 miles) of sanitary sewer gravity pipeline (Figures 1 to 3). The proposed sewer right-of-way (ROW) would generally follow the course of Cienegas Creek, though large portions of the proposed ROW would be constructed within existing city street ROWs. Beginning at the northeastern end of the project area, the proposed sewer ROW would run along the existing ROWs of Lausen Road, Veterans Boulevard, Stricklen Avenue, and S. Nancy Street for approximately 1.6 kilometers (1.0 mile). After crossing Amistad Boulevard, the ROW would run within the existing ROW of Fox Drive along the northern margin of Buena Vista Park for approximately 1.6 kilometers (1.0 mile). After crossing Kings Way, the ROW would enter an undeveloped area and generally follow the course of Cienegas Creek for approximately 1.3 kilometers (0.8 mile) before entering the existing ROW of Encino Drive for approximately 0.6 kilometer (0.4 mile). After crossing W. Cantu Road, the ROW would pass through the back side of several rural residential lots for approximately 0.6 kilometer (0.4 mile) and run along the existing ROW of Nicholas Street past the end of the Del Rio International Airport for approximately 0.3 kilometer (0.2 mile). Departing from the Nicholas Road ROW, the proposed sewer ROW would enter a large, relatively undeveloped area and run parallel to the course of Cienegas Creek for approximately 2.6 kilometers (1.6 miles). At this point, the proposed sewer ROW returns to existing street ROWs and continues for approximately 2.1 kilometers (1.3 miles) along Road 4110 M, Owens Drive, Cienegas Road, and Frontera Road before terminating at an existing wastewater treatment plant located across the street from the ALCOA Little League Fields. The proposed sewer line would be constructed within a corridor measuring a maximum of 24.4 meters (80.0 feet) in width. In addition to the linear ROW, an approximately 5.6-hectare (14.0-acre) temporary equipment staging area would be utilized off the northeastern side of Amistad Boulevard near the northeastern end of the project area. For purposes of the cultural resources survey, the project area is assumed to consist of the 10.8 kilometer- (6.7-mile-) long by 24.4-meter- (80.0-foot-) wide linear corridor, which would cover an area of 26.3-hecatares (65.0 acres), plus the 5.6-hectare (14.0-acre) temporary equipment staging area, covering a total area of 32.0 hectares (79.0 acres).

The proposed undertaking would be sponsored by the city of Del Rio, a political subdivision of the state of Texas; as such, the project would fall under the jurisdiction of the

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Chapter 1.0: Introduction

Figure 1. Vicinity Map of Project Area

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Figure 2. Location of Project Area on USGS Topographic Quadrangle

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Chapter 1.0: Introduction

Figure 3. Location of Project Area on Aerial Photograph

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From April 27 to 29, Horizon archeologists McKinzie Froese and Jacob Lyons, under the overall direction of Jeffrey D. Owens, Principal Investigator, performed an intensive cultural resources survey of the project area to locate any cultural resources that potentially would be impacted by the proposed undertaking. The survey was performed under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 9396. The purpose of the survey was to locate any significant cultural resources that potentially would be impacted by the proposed undertaking. The cultural resources investigation consisted of an archival review, an intensive pedestrian survey of the project area, and the production of a report suitable for review by the SHPO in accordance with the THC’s Rules of Practice and Procedure, Chapter 26, Section 26, and the Council of Texas Archeologists (CTA) Guidelines for Cultural Resources Management Reports.

Following this introductory chapter, Chapters 2.0 and 3.0 present the environmental and cultural backgrounds, respectively, of the project area. Chapter 4.0 describes the results of background archival research, and Chapter 5.0 discusses cultural resources survey methods. Chapter 6.0 presents the results of the cultural resources survey, and Chapter 7.0 presents cultural resources management recommendations for the project. Chapter 8.0 lists the references cited in the report, and Appendix A summarizes shovel test data.

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2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

2.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND HYDROLOGY

The Lower Pecos Canyonlands region lies on the edge of the Pecos River drainage and includes all of the Devils River drainage, both of which ultimately empty into the Rio Grande. Generally, the availability of surface water in the region has deteriorated significantly throughout the past century. Numerous creeks and streams that occasionally carry rainwater traverse the region and have created a deeply entrenched, rugged topography with a great deal of relief, but natural springs and artificial wells provide the most reliable sources of water. The nearest source of water prehistorically would have been Cienegas Creek, a tributary of the Rio Grande, which roughly parallels the linear project area, and the Rio Grande proper flows southeastward a short distance to the southwest of the southwestern end of the project area. Elevations across the project area range from approximately 281.9 to 317.0 meters (925.0 to 1,040.0 feet) above mean sea level. Overall drainage within the project area is to the southwest following the course of Cienegas Creek.

2.2 GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

Geologically, the proposed project area forms part of the Edwards Plateau. The surface geology of Val Verde County, Texas, consists of sedimentary bedrock derived from deposits of different geologic periods. The Edwards Plateau is underlain by Cretaceous-age limestone deposits of the Comanche and Gulf series (Golden et al. 1982). In general, these limestones are highly resistant to erosion, but in the vicinity of the junction of the Pecos and Devils rivers with the Rio Grande, the uplifted and inclined limestone strata are severely eroded and deeply dissected by narrow stream courses that are bound by steep cliff faces. In recognition of the unique physiography of this region, it has been termed the Lower Pecos Canyonlands (Hester et al. 1989).

The project area is situated on Lower Cretaceous Salmon Peak Limestone Formation (Ksa) (Fisher 1977; USGS 2020). Geomorphologically, the project area is composed of a mosaic of calcareous, gravelly, loamy and clayey alluvial sediments, including sediments associated with the Acuna, Coahuila, Jimenez-Quemado, Laredo, Pintas, Reynosa, and Zapata-Vinegaroon soil units (Figure 4; Table 1). These soils typically consist of thin, surficial veneers of clay loam, silty clay loam, or gravelly loam overlying gravelly loam and silty clay loam subsoils.

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Chapter 2.0: Environmental Setting

Figure 4. Soils Mapped within Project Area

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Table 1. Summary of Mapped Soils within Project Area

NRCS Typical Profile Soil Code Soil Name Parent Material (inches) AcB Acuna silty clay, Calcareous loamy alluvium on stream 0-18: Silty clay 0 to 3% slopes terraces 18-30: Clay 30-80: Silty clay CoB Coahuila clay loam, Calcareous loamy alluvium on stream 0-9: Clay loam 0 to 3% slopes terraces 9-62: Silty clay loam JmD Jimenez-Quemado Gravelly loamy alluvium on knobs and Jimenez: complex, paleoterraces 0-10: Very gravelly loam 1 to 8% slopes 10-17: Cemented material 17-60: Variable Quemado: 0-5: Very gravelly loam 5-13: Very gravelly loam 13-18: Cemented material 18-60: Variable Ls Laredo silty clay loam, Calcareous silty alluvium on 0-18: Silty clay loam (Ap) 0 to 1% slopes, floodplain steps in river valleys 18-50: Silty clay loam (Bk) rarely flooded 50-80: Silty clay loam (Bk/C) Lv Laredo variant silty clay Calcareous silty alluvium on 0-12: Silty clay loam loam floodplain steps in river valleys 12-60: Clay Pn Pintas clay, Calcareous clayey alluvium on 0-23: Clay frequently flooded floodplains 23-62: Clay Ra Reynosa silty clay loam Calcareous loamy alluvium on stream 0-16: Silty clay loam terraces 16-58: Silty clay loam 58-80: Silty clay loam ZaC Zapata-Venegaroon Calcareous loamy alluvium on Zapata: complex, interfluves and ridges 0-8: Clay loam 1 to 5% slopes 8-60: Cemented material Vinegaroon: 0-17: Gravelly loam 17-24: Cemented material 24-60: Gravelly loam Source: NRCS (2020) NRCS = Natural Resources Conservation Service

2.3 CLIMATE

Reconstruction of Late Quaternary paleoenvironment in the vicinity of the project area has been greatly facilitated by the location of several archeological sites along the Rio Grande and the Pecos and Devils rivers. These sites include Arenosa Shelter (41VV99), Bonfire Shelter (41VV218), Baker Cave (41VV213), Centipede Cave (41VV191), Damp Cave (41VV189), Devil’s Mouth Cave (41VV188), and Hinds Cave (41VV456). Geological, palynological, macrobotanical, coprolitic, and faunal data from these sites have allowed reconstruction of the paleoenvironment from the Late Pleistocene through the Holocene (Bryant and Holloway 1985; Patton and Dibble 1982:97-121).

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Chapter 2.0: Environmental Setting

During the Wisconsin Full Glacial period (22,500 to 14,000 years before present [B.P.]), the climate was cooler with more moisture than today. This helped to create a mosaic of woodlands, pinyon parklands, and scrub grasslands with some juniper present. In the succeeding Late Glacial period (14,000 to 10,000 B.P.), a reduction in the pinyon and juniper woodlands is indicated by the pollen record. Bryant and Holloway (1985:52) suggest that this vegetational change resulted from a reduced amount of available moisture as a result of changing weather patterns brought about by glacial retreat.

Between 10,000 and 7,000 years ago, the mosaic of vegetation of woodlands, parklands, and scrub grasslands was gradually replaced by larger areas of scrub grasslands. During this period, the frequency of fossil pine pollen decreased, while that of herbaceous plants and grasses increased (Bryant and Holloway 1985:56). Plant remains recovered from Hinds and Baker caves (Dering 1979) indicate that, by 8,500 B.P., local aboriginal groups were exploiting a full range of plant resources, including Agave, Yucca, Dasylirion (sotol), and Opuntia, all of which are associated with xeric environments.

Examination of the plant macrofossil record (Dering 1979), the pollen record (Bryant and Schafer 1977; Johnson 1963), and the faunal record (Lord 1984) suggests that, by 6,000 B.P., aboriginal groups were adjusting to vegetational and climatic conditions that were increasingly drier (Bryant and Holloway 1985:57). During this same period (7,000 to 4,000 B.P.), southwest Texas was also subjected to severe flooding as represented in the sediments of archeological sites such as the Devil’s Mouth Site (Johnson 1964) and Arenosa Shelter (Dibble 1967). Although the factors behind this erosion and flooding are not fully understood, changes in seasonal rainfall patterns or shifts in the normal frontal patterns, as have been observed historically, are the suspected causes.

The pollen record for the past 4,000 years indicates a gradual, but continuous, drying trend that was interrupted only once, around 2,500 years ago, when increases in the percentages of pine and grass pollen indicate somewhat cooler and more mesic conditions (Bryant and Holloway 1985). This interval, however, was brief, and the trend toward increased aridity continued until the present. The landscape as it appears today, however, is not the result of increased aridity alone. Historical accounts of the early explorers and settlers reveal that the canyon vegetation and even the upland grasslands were very lush prior to the overgrazing of the region that began in the late 1880s. The basic subsistence pattern for the aboriginal inhabitants of the region was therefore probably established as early as 7,000 B.P. and changed very little throughout the Holocene period. Val Verde County has a semiarid, continental climate with dry winters and hot summers. Average annual precipitation is 21.3 centimeters (8.4 inches), while daily temperatures ranges from an average maximum of 37.3°Celsius (C) (99.2°Fahrenheit [F]) in July to an average minimum of 3.4°C (38.1°F) in January. Absolute recorded extreme temperatures range from 11.1 to 43.3°C (12.0 to 110.0°F).

2.4 FLORA AND FAUNA

Ecologically, the project area lies within the Balconian biotic province near the boundary with the Tamaulipan and Chihuahuan provinces (Blair 1950). The most characteristic plant association of the Balconian province is a scrub forest of Mexican cedar, Texas oak, and scrub

10 200069_arch_survey_report B-133 Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed 6.7-Mile Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project, Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas live oak. Much of the project area is covered in dense vegetation, consisting mainly of mesquite, sagebrush, yucca, prickly pear, and dense tall to short clump grasses, interspersed with patches of more open vegetation.

The Balconian province is generally confined to the Edwards Plateau and is characterized by a mixture of faunal elements from the Kansan, Austroriparian, Tamaulipan, and Chihuahuan biotic provinces.

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3.0 CULTURAL BACKGROUND

The project area forms a part of the Lower Pecos Canyonlands, which represent a portion of the Lower Pecos archeological region (Hester et al. 1989). This region includes the area surrounding the confluences of the Pecos and Devils rivers with the Rio Grande, and it encompasses the surrounding area of southwestern Texas and north-central Mexico, including the southwestern extension of the Edwards Plateau and the eastern edge of the Stockton Plateau. The Lower Pecos archeological region is part of the larger area known as the Trans-Pecos, which was originally defined as including all of Texas west of the Pecos River plus Val Verde County (Suhm et al. 1954). Archeologically, the Lower Pecos River region has been defined on the basis of the distribution of the classic Pecos River style pictographs (Turpin and Bement 1985:5).

The Rio Grande and the Pecos and Devils rivers have incised deep canyons into the massive Cretaceous limestone deposits in this region, and multiple-canyon systems are quite common. Erosional processes have also created numerous rockshelters and overhangs, some of which are quite large, that have facilitated the development of deeply stratified archeological sites. Most of the best-known sites in the area are located in these dry rockshelters and shallow erosional cavities along the cliff faces overlooking the rivers (Hester et al. 1989:7).

3.1 PREVIOUS ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCH

The rich prehistoric remains in the Lower Pecos River region have attracted public interest since before the earliest map makers came to the area in the 1850s (Emory 1857; Young 1853). Formal archeological investigations here have been restricted to approximately the last 80 years, beginning in the 1930s with work funded by both private and academic institutions. Much of the early work was aimed at the recovery of museum-quality specimens from the dry caves and rockshelters of the area. Archeological investigations in the region have undergone numerous methodological and theoretical changes within the last 50 years since Amistad Reservoir was constructed. These more recent studies have attempted to explain the cultural continuity and change reflected by the artifactual remains of the aboriginal inhabitants rather than to merely seek out well preserved perishables, as had been done previously.

Excavations begun in the early 1930s were sponsored by various institutions, including the Witte Museum of San Antonio, the Smithsonian Institution, the University of Texas at Austin, and Texas Technological University. Key sites excavated during this time period by the Witte Museum were Eagle Cave (41VV167) near Langtry (Davenport 1938) and the Shumla caves

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Chapter 3.0: Cultural Background

(41VV112 and 31VV113) near the small settlement of Shumla (Martin 1933). The Smithsonian Institution promoted excavations at Goat Cave (41VV67) and Moorehead Cave (41VV55) along the Pecos River throughout the 1930s (Setzler 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1939). Personnel from the University of Texas at Austin concentrated their efforts in this region on the trenching of Fate Bell Shelter (41VV74) in Seminole Canyon in 1932 (Pearce and Jackson 1933; Thomas 1933) and the excavation of Horseshoe Ranch Cave (41VV171) and Kelly Shelter (41VV164) by A.M. Woolsey in 1936 (Shafer and Zintgraff 1986:228). Also at this time, Murrah Cave (41VV351) on the Pecos River was excavated as part of Texas Technological University’s fieldwork in the area (Holden 1937). These early excavations yielded an array of extremely well preserved artifacts, including wood specimens, mats, baskets, bone tools, sandals, antler implements, and skins, as well as burials, many of which retained both skin and hair.

Also in the 1930s, several attempts were made to record the rock art in the region. The first attempt was sponsored by the Witte Museum and was done by Emma Gutzeit and Mary Virginia Carson in 1931. They crafted free-hand color copies of 18 of the more notable panels in the area (Turpin 1982:19). Also at this time, Forrest Kirkland, a meticulous artist, and his wife embarked on a mission to travel across Texas and record as much rock art as possible. Many of the spectacular pictographs in the Lower Pecos region were included in Kirkland’s work, which involved painstaking measurements and the use of matched watercolors (Kirkland 1937, 1938, 1939; Kirkland and Newcomb 1967). A.T. Jackson’s (1938) Picture-Writing of Texas Indians was the first formal archeological study of the pictograph and petroglyph sites in the area. He, like Kirkland, attempted a systematic documentation of the rock art sites. Jackson’s and Kirkland’s work laid the groundwork for future research on the remarkable rock art in the Lower Pecos River region.

During the 1940s, limited formal archeological investigations in the area were undertaken as a result of World War II. Kelley et al. (1940) divided the Trans-Pecos region into eight cultural foci based on material recovered from the Big Bend to the Lower Pecos. The Pecos River focus was one of these foci for which a detailed list of material culture traits was presented. This trait list was compiled using materials from Fate Bell Shelter, Murrah Cave, Goat Cave, and Moorehead Cave. Fate Bell Shelter was listed as the type site. One of Kelly’s students, Herbert Taylor, initiated limited excavations and surveys along both sides of the Rio Grande (Taylor 1948, 1949). After performing a reconnaissance into northern Mexico, Taylor concluded that “Pecos River Focus sites are to be found south of the Rio Grande near the mouth of the Pecos in virtually the same locations and numbers in which they occur north of the border” (1948:84). Taylor proposed that the Pecos River focus was present throughout the Trans-Pecos region, from the Big Bend to the Lower Pecos, before A.D. 1000. He felt that, around A.D. 1000, this cultural type abandoned the Big Bend but persisted in the Lower Pecos, creating a long-lived cultural continuum there (Taylor 1949:86). Suhm et al. (1954) offered a summary of the Lower Pecos cultural sequence using this background. Their summary placed the Lower Pecos within the southeastern area of the Trans-Pecos.

The Water Treaty of 1944 between the US and Mexico initiated the next series of investigations in the Lower Pecos region. This treaty provided for unusual cooperation in the construction of reservoirs along the Rio Grande to alleviate flooding problems and to allow storage

14 200069_arch_survey_report B-137 Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed 6.7-Mile Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project, Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas of irrigation water for agricultural areas downstream. One of these reservoirs, Diablo Reservoir (later renamed Amistad) would inundate an area from the confluence of the Rio Grande with the Devils River and the Pecos River—and upstream on these two rivers for 48.3 and 32.2 kilometers (30.0 and 20.0 miles), respectively—to a point about 2.0 kilometers (1.2 miles) downstream on the Rio Grande. The National Park Service (NPS) was placed in charge of the extensive cultural resources to be affected by the construction and filling of this reservoir (Bement 1989). The Archeological Salvage Program Field Office was set up in Austin, Texas (Graham and Davis 1958), and E.B. Jelks of the University of Texas at Austin was put in charge of the Texas Archeological Salvage Project. The initial inventorying of cultural resources to be adversely affected by the reservoir began in January 1958 (Jelks 1958). Areal survey, as well as reconnaissance by raft along the Rio Grande, was used in the identification of sites. This survey resulted in the recording of 188 archeological sites, of which 49 contained pictographs (Graham and Davis 1958).

At this time, with the new-found concerns about the archeology of the area, some of the material excavated in the 1930s was reanalyzed. Mardith Schuertz (1956, 1961, 1963) conducted the most extensive reevaluations, looking at artifacts from Eagle Cave, the five Shumla caves, and Jacal Cave (41VV674). She did a thorough study of the recovered sandals, reanalyzed the projectile points using the formalized typology defined by Suhm et al. (1954), and completed studies on the wood, bone, antler, stone (pecked, ground, and painted), shell, clay, skins, fiber, basketry, and matting.

As a result of the 1958 survey of the Amistad Reservoir area, a five-year program was envisioned to test and excavate many of the recorded sites. This program actually lasted through the late 1960s with a vast quantity of information being amassed. The first excavations were done at Centipede Cave (41VV191) and Damp Cave (41VV189) in 1958 by Jeremiah Epstein (1963). He felt that only the projectile points recovered showed any change through time. The rest of the artifacts from these two sites showed little variability and were thought to be part of a long-lived cultural continuum in the area.

Other work associated with the reservoir at this time included additional surveys along the Pecos, Devils Mouth, and Rio Grande rivers in the US (Parsons 1962) and Mexico (Taylor 1948; Taylor and Rul 1961); excavations at rockshelters (Alexander 1970; Collins 1969; Dibble 1965; Nunley et al. 1965; Parsons 1965; Prewitt 1966; Ross 1965) and terrace sites (Dibble 1967; Johnson 1961, 1964; Sorrow 1968a, 1968b); and additional recording and analyzing of pictograph sites (Gebhard 1965; Grieder 1965; Parsons 1962).

Dibble’s (1965) excavations at Bonfire Shelter identified four (possibly five) human utilizations of a bison jump there, with the earliest bone bed possibly due to human involvement dated to before 10,000 years ago. Alexander’s excavations at Parida Cave (41VV187) along the Rio Grande recovered human coprolites, identified three extensively used plant taxa (sotol, lechuguilla, and prickly pear), and noted an increase in the utilization of riverine fauna during Late Archaic times (Alexander 1970). Eagle Cave was partially excavated in 1963 by Ross (1965), who developed a projectile point sequence for the site from the Early Archaic through the Late Archaic. His relative sequence compared favorably with other site sequences from the area. Most of the projectile point styles, however, occurred chronologically later than had been

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Chapter 3.0: Cultural Background hypothesized for the same styles from other sites (Ross 1965:139). Leroy Johnson (1961, 1964) began work at Devil’s Mouth Cave (41VV188), a deeply stratified alluvial deposit, in the early 1960s. He established a projectile point sequence there identifying a PaleoIndian component and three subsequent Archaic components. At the same time, Dee Ann Story proposed an eight- period chronology using radiocarbon dates and associated projectile points from these latest excavations (Story and Bryant 1966). William Sorrow returned to further excavate the Devil’s Mouth site in 1967 (Sorrow 1968a) and also did work at the Nopal Terrace site (41VV301) that same year (Sorrow 1968b). He further refined the cultural sequence for the Amistad area using Johnson’s Devil’s Mouth data (Story and Bryant 1966) and shorter sequences from seven other sites in the area. Eight periods were established, with the first seven mirroring the Devil’s Mouth sequence and the eighth representing the historic period of European contact. The excavations at Arenosa Shelter (41VV99) by David Dibble (1967) provided the longest cultural sequence of stratified, radiocarbon-dated episodes from the reservoir to date. Dibble refined an 11-part chronology for the Lower Pecos region based on the Arenosa sequence and the PaleoIndian data from Bonfire Shelter.

A relative chronology of the rock art in the area was proposed by David Gebhard in 1960. He based this chronology on similarities in style and superposition of motifs within a panel (Turpin 1982). His final report in 1965 refined the chronology and included the analysis of additional panels recorded by Parsons (1962). Terence Grieder (1965) also did some rock art recording at this time. He visited two sites in Satan Canyon and concluded that all of the painting had been done within a period of time marked by relatively minor changes in style and that none of the painting appeared to be of a more recent age than any of the others (Grieder 1965:14).

The reservoir salvage years provided the archeological community with data of immeasurable value about Lower Pecos prehistory. The absence of large-scale projects since the salvage program ended has drastically reduced the number of archeological investigations in this area. Funding for additional surveys and excavations in close proximity to the reservoir has primarily been provided by grants and research organizations in recent years. The large body of data from the salvage years in the Lower Pecos enabled some students to complete theses and dissertations using excavated material (Collins 1974; Marmaduke 1978). Some areas adjacent to the reservoir were surveyed in the 1970s to further refine the settlement scheme for the area and to look at the spatial distribution of features (Brown et al. 1976; Marmaduke and Whitsett 1974; Prewitt and Dibble 1974).

Several major rockshelter sites were excavated in the 1970s by academic institutions. Baker Cave (41VV503) on the Devils River was excavated in the summer of 1976 by the University of Texas at San Antonio (Chadderdon 1981; Hester 1983). This excavation yielded both Angostura and Golondrina projectile point types dated to more than 9,000 years ago. The excavated materials from Baker Cave indicated that lechuguilla and sotol were not part of the flora during late PaleoIndian times. These plants apparently were not present in the region until ca. 6000 B.C. (Hester 1983). Texas A&M University conducted excavations at Hinds Cave (41VV456) along a tributary of the Pecos River over several seasons. This excavation provided important data concerning the use of the area by the aboriginal occupants and their subsistence base (Shafer and Bryant 1977). Also, intrasite information was obtained with the discovery of a

16 200069_arch_survey_report B-139 Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed 6.7-Mile Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project, Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas latrine area that provided coprolites for analysis and the location of the areas containing well preserved floral and faunal remains (Dering 1979; Lord 1984; Williams-Dean 1978). Well- preserved perishable items, including matting, sandals, and basketry, were found to date back roughly 5,000 years (Andrews and Adovasio 1980). It was proposed that Hinds Cave was occupied for extended periods of time lasting several seasons (Shafer 1977; Williams-Dean 1978).

A state historical park was created along Seminole and Presa canyons in 1979 to 1980 when various tracts of land either were donated by landowners or purchased by the state. Many pictograph sites, including Fate Bell Shelter, were located within the park. The University of Texas at Austin conducted an inventory of the cultural resources within the park for the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD), locating 38 new sites and reevaluating 32 previously known sites (Turpin 1982). Several new site types were identified during this survey, including signal fire hearths, oblong burial cairns, and circular stone alignments (i.e., tipi rings) (Turpin 1982, 1984a). One burial cairn was excavated during this project. A sinkhole located during this inventory was later excavated using funding from the TPWD. A rock pile beneath the vertical shaft entrance to the sinkhole was found to contain the remains of at least 21 individuals (Bement 1985). This burial population was found to be more than 5,000 years old.

The lower levels of Bonfire Shelter were excavated as part of the 1983 to 1984 investigations conducted by the University of Texas at Austin. These excavations explored the PaleoIndian levels and the levels immediately beneath them. Possible human activities in the shelter between 12,500 and 10,000 B.P. were identified (Bement 1986).

During the 1980s, extensive survey for rock art sites along the three primary rivers in the area was conducted to provide baseline data for future settlement pattern research (Turpin et al. n.d.). Another excavation at this time was undertaken at Live Oak Hole (41VV169), a historic period aboriginal site (Turpin and Bement 1988). This tipi ring/historic-age pictograph site contained brown plainware ceramics, arrow points, Dorso end scrapers, and a Plains-style pictograph. A continuous circular pile of stones (two stones wide) located on the sloping nose of a creek meander was excavated, but only a small concentration of burned rock was noted. Oblong cairns are often associated with such circular alignments, and at this site these cairns were interpreted as partial rings that had been robbed of stones for the construction of subsequent structures (Turpin and Bement 1988).

In the mid-1980s, several areas near Hinds Cave were surveyed to develop a subsistence model for upland areas in the region (Saunders 1986). Saunders concluded that “formal uniface sites and projectile point sites were associated with separate and distinct economic activities” (1986:227). He also postulated that large burned rock middens were products of a Middle Archaic subsistence strategy, while smaller ones represented changing strategies during the Late Archaic (Saunders 1986:228).

Much emphasis in the 1980s centered on rock art sites in the region (Turpin 1984b, 1986a, 1986b, 1986c, 1986d, 1987, 1988). To date, five pictograph styles have been identified: Pecos River, Red Linear, Red Monochrome, Bold Line Geometric, and Historic. The Pecos River style appears to be the earliest and is thought to date to the Middle Archaic San Felipe phase (3,200 to

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Chapter 3.0: Cultural Background

3,900 years B.P. [Turpin and Bement 1985]). The Red Linear portrays group activities and is thought to be Late Archaic in age by Turpin (1984b:191-193) due to the lack of bow and arrow motifs, probable buffalo hunting scenes, and superpositioning over Pecos River style panels. The Red Monochrome style had been previously dated to the Late Prehistoric period (Kirkland and Newcomb 1967:84) based on definite bow and arrow depictions. This style is characterized by naturalistic depictions of humans and animals, with human figures shown facing frontally and animals drawn in profile (Turpin 1986b). The most recently defined rock art style has been termed the Bold Line Geometric style (Turpin 1986a). This style is thought to be of Late Prehistoric age, but this hypothesis is tentative. Historic-age pictographs represent three types of scene: peaceful depictions of European people and associated material goods, hostilities toward the Spanish, and hostilities toward Anglo-American settlers (Turpin 1988:283).

The Witte Museum developed a permanent exhibit on the Lower Pecos region using material from the 1930s excavations at Baker Cave (Bement 1989). The Witte has also sponsored a book, Ancient Texans (Shafer and Zintgraff 1986), which contains excellent color plates of many rock art panels as well as the work of many researchers in the Lower Pecos.

In the summer of 1989, the Texas Archeological Society held its annual field school along the Devils River on newly purchased TPWD land. The field school was designed to help the state inventory the cultural resources present within the approximately 8,903.1-hectare (22,000.0-acre) park and to test a number of sites. A total of 158 new sites was recorded, and 37 of the 52 known sites within the park boundaries were reevaluated. Five sites were tested and/or excavated, including two rockshelters, one sinkhole/cave, and two midden sites. More recent archeological studies in the area have consisted of small surveys conducted for cultural resources management purposes.

In summary, much archeological work has occurred in the Lower Pecos River region in the last 80 years and has led to the compilation of a vast database for the area. Future work in the area will undoubtedly build on this database with specific problem-oriented studies dominating the progress.

3.2 CULTURAL CHRONOLOGY IN THE LOWER PECOS RIVER REGION

Numerous researchers have noted an apparent absence of significant technological or cultural change throughout much of the prehistoric period in the Lower Pecos River region, with the continuation of an “Archaic” mode of adaptation from the end of the PaleoIndian period at about 7000 B.C. to the historic period (Saunders 1986; Turpin 1982). Throughout this long period of time, the economy was apparently based on collecting plant and shellfish resources along with hunting small animals and large game.

Because of the excellent preservation conditions in the dry rockshelters, which were apparently intermittently occupied throughout the prehistoric period, we have a relatively complete inventory of the material culture of the prehistoric inhabitants. This inventory includes baskets, various types of netting, bone tools, a wide variety of woven goods, such as bags and sandals, “middens” of burned rock that are presumed to relate to the preparation of plant foods, and a large assemblage of lithic tools.

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The perception of the conservative nature of this tradition derives largely from the lithic industry, which consists of projectile points, bifaces, and unifacial tools. With the exception of projectile point styles, the lithic assemblage changed little throughout most of the prehistoric period (Saunders 1986). The most important shift in technology may have occurred around A.D. 600, when the bow and arrow was introduced into the region, apparently accompanied by a change in the morphological structure of burned rock middens (Saunders 1986).

As is to be expected given this apparent pattern of cultural conservatism, chronology in the Lower Pecos River region is based almost entirely on the stylistic seriation of projectile points excavated from rockshelters and deeply stratified terrace sites in the canyons. Such sites have provided a rather consistent sequence of projectile point styles that can be bracketed by radiocarbon dates (Marmaduke 1978:Fig. 18). For our purposes, four major periods of Native American occupation can be defined: PaleoIndian, Archaic, Late Prehistoric, and Historic (Saunders 1986; Turpin and Bement 1985). The following discussion of these cultural periods is, of necessity, brief and is limited only to the major innovations or traits that can be firmly associated with specific points in time.

3.2.1 PaleoIndian Period (ca. 10,000 to 7000 B.C.) Two phases have been defined for the PaleoIndian period in the Lower Pecos River region: the Aurora (pre-10,000 B.C.) and the Bonfire (10,000 to 7800 B.C.) phases (Saunders 1986; Turpin and Bement 1985). Evidence for the Aurora phase is rather circumstantial, consisting only of scattered, broken, or burned bones of extinct Pleistocene fauna recovered from two rockshelter sites: Cueva Quebrada (41VV162A) (Collins 1976; Lundelius 1984) and Bonfire Shelter (Bement 1986; Dibble 1970; Dibble and Lorrain 1968; Turpin and Bement 1985:6). Formal tools and features are lacking from these deposits, and the only evidence for human activity lies in the burning of the bones and the nature of the breakage patterns. Unfortunately, such evidence elsewhere has often proved illusory and firm evidence for the existence of this phase remains to be discovered. Radiocarbon dates associated with this phase range from 12,000 to 10,000 B.C. at Cueva Quebrada and from 10,500 to 8000 B.C. at Bonfire Shelter (Turpin and Bement 1985:6).

The later phase of the PaleoIndian period, the Bonfire phase, is well represented only at Bonfire Shelter (Dibble and Lorrain 1968). A massive bone deposit of extinct Bison antiquus and Equus sp. at this site has yielded radiocarbon dates of 10,000 years ago. The site is estimated to contain the remains of 120 animals that were driven from the overhanging cliff in at least three separate episodes. Two distinctive PaleoIndian point types were found in association with these remains: Folsom and Plainview. Other sites in the region that have yielded remains of Bison antiquus include Arenosa Shelter and Cueva Quebrada (Turpin and Bement 1985:8). Based on this evidence, the Lower Pecos River region has been suggested to have been part of a larger economic pattern of “big game hunting” that was found across much of the western US at this time. PaleoIndian projectile points of this phase have also been found at Devil’s Mouth Cave in a context suggestive of an open camping area (Turpin and Bement 1985:6-8).

The period from about 7800 to 7000 B.C. has been placed in the Oriente phase, also termed “Pre-Archaic” (Turpin and Bement 1985:8). The type site for this “terminal” PaleoIndian

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Chapter 3.0: Cultural Background manifestation is Baker Cave, where Golondrina and Angostura points were found in contexts that show little difference from those of the subsequent Archaic period (Chadderdon 1983; Word and Douglas 1970). Apparently, by this time, the broad-spectrum, “Archaic” subsistence pattern that was to characterize the Lower Pecos region for the next 10,000 years was already in place. Turpin and Bement (1985:8) note that the onset of the dry, post-Pleistocene climatic conditions was signaled by the appearance of desert succulents, such as prickly pear, as a dietary mainstay. Work at Hinds Cave as well as Saunders’s (1986) survey data in the surrounding region show that canyon, upland, and interior upland environments were all being exploited by this time period.

3.2.2 Early Archaic Period (ca. 7000 to 4000 B.C.) Turpin and Bement (1985:8) have defined the Viejo phase for the Early Archaic period in the Lower Pecos region. This is the period when the full range of Archaic traits appears in the dry rockshelters in the region. Specifically, they refer to burned rock middens, hearths, slab- and grass-lined pits, prickly pear floors, and refuse dumps as being present in several sites, including Eagle Cave (41VV167) and Hinds Cave (Andrews and Adovasio 1980; Parsons 1965; Shafer and Bryant 1977; Stock 1983). They also note the appearance at this time of basketry, cordage and sandals, and the first painted pebbles. Characteristic projectile points of the Viejo phase include Baker, Bandy, Uvalde, Gower, Martindale, and the Early Barbed series (Turpin and Bement 1985:8).

Coprolite data support an increasing dietary emphasis on vegetation, small animals, and reptiles, in comparison to the preceding phase. The diet now included agave, sotol, and yucca plants, as well as selected rodent parts. Saunders’s upland survey data failed to record any evidence for Early Archaic utilization of these areas, but the remains of upland plants and animals from Hinds Cave shows that these areas must have been utilized (Saunders 1986:228). Saunders suggests that the more remote upland areas were not utilized as frequently at this time as they were in later periods.

3.2.3 Middle Archaic Period (ca. 4000 to 1200 B.C.) The Middle Archaic period has been divided into two periods: the Eagle Nest phase (4000 to 1900 B.C.) and the San Felipe phase (1900 to 1200 B.C.). The period defined as the Eagle Nest phase is now placed in the Middle Archaic period on the basis of the occurrence of Pandale points (Dibble 1967) and of a pattern of increasing regionalization of traits (Turpin 1982:24; Turpin and Bement 1985:9). Coprolite data reveal an increasing reliance on desert vegetation and fauna (Williams-Dean 1978), while the dry shelter deposits dating to this period contain the full range of fiber, wood, bone, and flint industries.

The San Felipe phase (1900 to 1200 B.C.) continues this pattern of regionalization and is characterized by Langtry, Val Verde, Arledge, and Almagre dart points (Turpin and Bement 1985:9). Turpin and Bement (1985:9) feel that the classic Pecos River rock art style should be placed in this phase. The subsistence economy mirrors that of the preceding Eagle Nest phase, although there may have been a shift in some sites toward riverine and upland resources exploitation.

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3.2.4 Late Archaic Period (ca. 1200 B.C. to A.D. 950) The Late Archaic period has been subdivided into three cultural phases by Turpin and Bement (1985:9-10): the Cibola phase (1200 to 400 B.C.), the Flanders phase (400 B.C. to A.D. 200), and the Blue Hills phase (A.D. 200 to 950). The Cibola phase appears to have occupied a short mesic interlude within the overall trend toward increasing aridity in the Lower Pecos River region. Bison apparently extended their range southward during this phase, and northern hunters from the Llano Estacado and Central Texas followed them into the area (Turpin and Bement 1985:9). The bison jump at Bonfire Shelter was utilized again during this phase, and characteristic projectile point types include Montell, Castroville, and Marshall. Turpin and Bement (1985:9) have tentatively placed the Red Linear rock art style within this cultural phase based on the depiction of bison hunting. Interestingly, domestic dogs are also shown in these paintings at the same time that canid bones reach a peak in Arenosa Shelter (Turpin and Bement 1985:9). Projectile point types representative of this phase include Montell, Castroville, and Marshall dart points.

The subsequent Flanders phase saw the resumption of the previous arid trend in the Lower Pecos River region and the retreat of the bison back to the north. This apparently encouraged a return to the “desert-adapted” economy of the Middle Archaic. Turpin and Bement (1985:9-10) suggest that the lack of continuity during the previous phase was the result of an intrusive culture, and the resurgence of the earlier pattern is the result of renewed visibility rather than abrupt cultural change. Dart point types characteristic of this phase include Shumla and Marcos. Turpin and Bement (1985:10) state that “few distinctive or innovative traits beyond the characteristic projectile point styles can be securely attributed to this phase.”

The final phase of the Late Archaic period is the Blue Hills phase. This phase witnessed an intensification of the traditional “desert life-style” of the earlier periods. Sharp increases in percentages of unifaces are interpreted as indicating an increased emphasis on vegetal processing. The occurrence of silica sheen on some of these tools would tend to support this view (Turpin and Bement 1985:10). In addition, there is some evidence for a heavier reliance on riverine resources (especially fish) during this phase, although this may be more a result of better preservation than of an actual change in emphasis. Ring middens first appear at this time and have been interpreted as the remains of burned rock ovens used for the preparation of desert succulents. Projectile point styles characteristic of this period include the Frio and Ensor types. There is an elaboration of the fiber industry that incorporated patterned and painted matting and basketry. Such artifacts were often intended as funerary goods. Burials were usually bundled and placed in rockshelters, bound and wrapped in shrouds of hide and matting. Finally, stone features that may be the remnants of supports for huts covered with hide and grass may date to this phase.

3.2.5 Late Prehistoric Period (ca. A.D. 950 to 1700) The Late Prehistoric period is divided into the Flecha phase (A.D. 950 to 1500), belonging to the Late Prehistoric proper, and the protohistoric Infierno phase (A.D. 1500 to 1700). As noted above, the bow and arrow were introduced into the Lower Pecos River region sometime after A.D. 600, as indicated by the characteristic point types of the Flecha phase—initially Scallorn and

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Chapter 3.0: Cultural Background

Perdiz arrow points, followed by Livermore and Toyah (Turpin and Bement 1985:10). Rockshelters continued to be occupied during this phase, but there may have been a preference for upland settlement. Mortuary customs may have shifted to include cairn burial in the uplands, and circular stone rings can be positively attributed to this phase. Turpin and Bement (1985:10) feel that the distinctive Red Monochrome pictograph style was introduced during this phase, or possibly later. Turpin and Bement conclude that, “taken in composite, the attributes of this phase reflect considerable cultural mobility, most probably effected by the movements of people rather than diffusion” (1985:10).

The Infierno phase has been referred to as protohistoric based on what appears to be a completely different artifact assemblage in comparison to earlier assemblages characteristic of the Lower Pecos River region (Turpin and Bement 1985:10). This artifact assemblage includes small, triangular arrow points, plain brownware ceramics (some with bone temper), steeply beveled Dorso end scrapers, and prismatic blades. This material is typically found at stone circle sites and resembles assemblages from the margins of the Southern Plains more than any preceding indigenous complex. It has been suggested that this phase reflects a period of cultural unrest and change during the Late Prehistoric and early Historic periods (Turpin and Bement 1985:10-11). Turpin and Bement feel that some of the late-style monochrome pictographs may be attributable to the Infierno phase (1985:10).

3.2.6 Historic Period (ca. A.D. 1700 to 1850) The “official” end of the prehistoric period in the Lower Pecos River region can be set at 1590 when the expedition of Gaspar Castaño de Sosa passed through the area on its passage from Monclova to Pecos (Turpin 1982; Turpin and Bement 1985:11). Serious Anglo-American penetration of the region began in the mid-1800s, brought about by the need for trade and military routes (Turpin 1982:29). The area was mapped in 1857 as a result of the US-Mexico Boundary survey. Attempts to control the region culminated with the construction of the military road from the Devil’s River to the Pecos to the mouth of the Pecos in 1880. This same route was followed by the Southern Pacific Railroad two years later in 1882. As is the case in many areas of the west, the archeological visibility of historic Native American populations, such as the Apache and later the Comanche, is extremely low. The presence of such groups may only be revealed by occasional metal arrow points and in the Historic pictograph style, depicting missions, domestic livestock, and European or Anglo human figures. Turpin and Bement (1985:11) suggest that “the paucity of sites of this age can be attributed to the short span of this phase and to the extremely mobile lifeways of these refugees from colonization.”

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4.0 ARCHIVAL RESEARCH

Prior to initiating fieldwork, Horizon personnel reviewed the THC’s online Texas Archeological Sites Atlas (TASA) and Texas Historic Sites Atlas (THSA), the National Park Service’s (NPS) online National Register Information System (NRIS), and the Texas State Historical Association’s (TSHA) The Handbook of Texas Online for information on previously recorded archeological sites and previous archeological investigations conducted within a 1.6- kilometer (1.0-mile) radius of the archeological survey area. Based on this archival research, 10 previously recorded archeological sites and four cemeteries are present within 1.6 kilometers (1.0 mile) of the project area (Figure 5; Table 2). The majority of these sites are located well outside the boundaries of the current project area and would have no potential to experience any disturbances as a result of the proposed undertaking.

One of the previously recorded archeological sites, 41VV1692, is located immediately adjacent to the survey corridor off of Nicholas Street. The documented location of site 41VV1692 falls within the boundaries of the Del Rio International Airport at the end of the runways, and this area appears to have been heavily disturbed by construction and use of the airport as well as Nicholas Street. Horizon considered it highly likely that any portion of this site within the airport property has been destroyed, though undocumented portions of the site within the current project area were considered to be potentially present.

Examination of historical US Geological Survey (USGS) topographic maps dating from 1969 to the present and aerial photographs dating from 1996 to the present indicate that no standing structures of potentially historic age (i.e., 50 years of age or older) are located within the boundaries of the project area).

Based on the TASA database, no prior cultural resources surveys have been conducted within the limits of the project area.

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Chapter 4.0: Archival Research

Figure 5. Locations of Known Cultural Resources within 1.0 Mile of Project Area

24 200069_arch_survey_report B-147 Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed 6.7-Mile Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project, Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas

Table 2. Previously Documented Cultural Resources within 1.0 Mile of Project Area

NRHP/SAL Potential to Site Eligibility Distance/Direction be Impacted No./Name Site Type Status1 from Project Area by Project? Archeological Sites

41VV198 Aboriginal campsite Undetermined 0.3 mile southwest No (possibly PaleoIndian) 41VV1601 Aboriginal campsite Undetermined 0.3 mile northwest No (Archaic to Late Prehistoric) 41VV1692 No site form on file Undetermined 20.0 feet southeast Possibly

41VV1693 No site form on file Undetermined 0.3 mile southeast No

41VV1713 No site form on file Undetermined 0.4 mile southeast No

41VV1714 No site form on file Undetermined 0.4 mile southwest No

41VV1820 Historic-age ranch (Bedell Determined 0.9 mile southeast No Tanks and Lowe Ranch) eligible (early to late 20th century) 41VV1832 No site form on file Undetermined 0.2 mile southeast No

41VV1985 Aboriginal campsite Undetermined 0.4 mile north No (“hearthfield”) (possibly Late PaleoIndian to Archaic) 41VV1992 Aboriginal lithic scatter Undetermined 0.7 mile southwest No (undetermined prehistoric) Cemeteries

Masonic Cemetery N/A 0.8 mile east No Cemetery (VV-C013) Sacred Heart Cemetery N/A 0.8 mile east No Cemetery (VV-C014) Saint Joseph Cemetery N/A 0.8 mile east No Cemetery (VV-C015) Westlawn Cemetery N/A 0.8 mile east No Cemetery (VV-C005) 1 Determined eligible/ineligible = Site determined eligible/ineligible by SHPO Undetermined = Eligibility not assessed or no information available NRHP National Register of Historic Places SAL State Antiquities Landmark SHPO State Historic Preservation Office

H030-200069 25 B-148 B-149 Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed 6.7-Mile Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project, Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas

5.0 SURVEY METHODOLOGY

From April 27 to 29, Horizon archeologists McKinzie Froese and Jacob Lyons, under the overall direction of Jeffrey D. Owens, Principal Investigator, performed an intensive cultural resources survey of the project area to locate any cultural resources that potentially would be impacted by the proposed undertaking. The survey was performed under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 9396. Horizon’s archeologists traversed the project area on foot and thoroughly inspected the modern ground surface for aboriginal and historic-age cultural resources. For purposes of the cultural resources survey, the project area is assumed to consist of the 10.8 kilometer- (6.7-mile-) long by 24.4-meter- (80.0-foot-) wide linear corridor, which would cover an area of 26.3-hecatares (65.0 acres), plus the 5.6-hectare (14.0-acre) temporary equipment staging area, covering a total area of 32.0 hectares (79.0 acres).

The proposed undertaking would consist of constructing approximately 10.8 kilometers (6.7 miles) of sanitary sewer gravity pipeline. The proposed sewer ROW would generally follow the course of Cienegas Creek, though large portions of the proposed ROW would be constructed within existing city street ROWs. Beginning at the northeastern end of the project area, the proposed sewer ROW would run along the existing ROWs of Lausen Road (Figure 6), Veterans Boulevard (Figures 7 to 8), Stricklen Avenue (Figure 9), and S. Nancy Street (Figure 10) for approximately 1.6 kilometers (1.0 mile).

At this point, the proposed linear ROW passes through the proposed temporary equipment yard that is bounded on the north by Gayle Avenue, on the southwest by Amistad Boulevard, and on the east by a Home Depot commercial development. The western portion of the equipment staging area was less disturbed but showed signs of repeated brush clearing (Figure 11). Approximately the eastern half of the equipment staging area exhibited extensive prior disturbances from construction of S. Nancy Street and S. Terry Street, earth-moving and ditch excavations along the eastern margin by a Home Depot store, and construction of a gravel parking lot (now abandoned and partially overgrown) (Figures 12 to 13). An overhead transmission line runs adjacent to Amistad Boulevard along the southwestern margin of the equipment yard area (Figure 14).

After crossing Amistad Boulevard, the linear ROW would run within the existing ROW of Fox Drive along the northern margin of Buena Vista Park for approximately 1.6 kilometers (1.0 mile) (Figures 15 to 16). After crossing Kings Way (Figure 17), the ROW would enter an undeveloped area and generally follow the course of Cienegas Creek for approximately 1.3 kilo-

H030-200069 27 B-150

Chapter 5.0: Survey Methodology

Figure 6. Southern Side of Lausen Road (Facing West)

Figure 7. Gravel Shoulder of Veteran’s Blvd. North of Chapman Road (Facing North)

28 200069_arch_survey_report B-151 Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed 6.7-Mile Del Rio Northside Sewer Outfall Project, Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas

Figure 8. Grassy Shoulder of Veteran’s Blvd. South of Chapman Road (Facing North)

Figure 9. Medical Clinic on Northern Side of Sticklen Avenue (Facing East)

H030-200069 29 B-152