THE YALE HISTORICAL REVIEW AN UNDERGRADUATE PUBLICATION SPRING 2012 THE YALE HISTORICAL REVIEW AN UNDERGRADUATE PUBLICATION The Yale Historical Review provides undergraduates an opportunity to have their exceptional work highlighted and SPRING 2012 encourages the diffusion of original historical ideas on campus VOLUME II by providing a forum for outstanding undergraduate history ISSUE I papers covering any historical topic. For information regarding submissions, advertisements, subscriptions, and contributions, please visit our website: WWW.YALEHISTORICALREVIEW.ORG With further questions or to provide feedback, please email us at:
[email protected] Or write to us at: THE YALE HISTORICAL REVIEW P.O. BOX 203338 NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 The Yale Historical Review is published by Yale students. Yale University is not responsible for its contents. ON THE COVER: “Plan de Paris: Nouvelle Édition,” Yale University Library Map Department, 38 P21 1890A. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF SECTION EDITORS EDITORIAL Katherine Fein, PC ’14 Jacob Anbinder, ES ’14 Jack Bisceglia, PC ’12 BOARD MANAGING EDITOR Andrew Giambrone, PC ’14 Noah Remnick, SY ’15 Charles Gyer, SM ’13 Elinor Monahan, JE ’13 DEVELOPMENT CHAIR Caitlin Radford, PC ’14 Benjamin Kline, BK ’14 Brendan Ross, BK ’13 Teo Soares, SM ’13 COMMUNICATIONS CHAIR Christian Vazquez, BR ’13 Molly Ma, TD ’13 Annie Yi, CC ’13 EDITOR-AT-LARGE COPY EDITORS Caroline Tan, BK ’14 Annie Loeb, TD ’12 Spencer Weinreich, PC ’15 DAVID BLIGHT ADVISORY Class of 1954 Professor of American History; Director of the Gilder Lehrman Center for the BOARD Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition JOHN GADDIS Robert A. Lovett Professor of History BEVERLY GAGE Professor of History GLENDA GILMORE Peter V.