DOCSLIB.ORG

The Prehistory of the San Juan Basin Nancy S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Prehistory of the San Juan Basin Nancy S New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/28 The prehistory of the San Juan Basin Nancy S. Hewett, 1977, pp. 65-75 in: San Juan Basin III (northwestern New Mexico), Fassett, J. F.; James, H. L.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 28th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 319 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1977 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. No material from the NMGS website, or printed and electronic publications, may be reprinted or redistributed without NMGS permission. Contact us for permission to reprint portions of any of our publications. One printed copy of any materials from the NMGS website or our print and electronic publications may be made for individual use without our permission. Teachers and students may make unlimited copies for educational use. Any other use of these materials requires explicit permission. This page is intentionally left blank to maintain order of facing pages. New Mexico Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 28th Field Conf., San Juan Basin III, 1977 65 THE PREHISTORY OF THE SAN JUAN BASIN NANCY S. HEWETT Agency of Conservation Archaeology Salmon Ruins San Juan County Museum Association Bloomfield, New Mexico INTRODUCTION cepts and mythology and child rearing practices can only be Visitors and residents alike have wondered about the lives of speculated upon. Analogy with living Puebloan lifeways pro- the "ancient ones"; the builders and inhabitants of the large vide a valuable base upon which to build the framework of masonry cliff dwellings of Mesa Verde and the imposing C- societal structure. We must keep in mind, however, that to- shaped towns in Chaco Canyon. Yet hundreds of exposed day's Indians in the Southwest have borne some 400 years of prehistoric sites in the San Juan Basin attest to a nearly contin- contact, often repressive and destructive of their traditional uous human occupation since the closing stages of Wisconsin culture. glaciation. The foundations of American archaeology were laid upon POST GLACIAL GEOCHRONOLOGY expeditions and surveys which began in the late 19th century. "Prehistoric geography" is the term that Butzer (1971, p. 4) Primarily interest lies in amassing museum collections and has chosen to describe the environmental basis of man's exploration of the newly opened frontier territories following occupation of the land. Lacking written descriptive or quan- the settlement of the "Indian problem." The remarkable titative records, the archaeologist and geologist must make preservation in an arid and semiarid land drew regions of grad- climatic inferences through interpretation of evidence as seen uate students to the area to dig, while the living descendants of by earth scientists. The law of uniformitarism can be culturally the Pueblo peoples stoically endured the curious ethnog- applied to sources of water, shelter and food. The level of rapher's endless probing. The artifactual remains also lured technology is quite different, but the basic survival needs are pothunters and Sunday afternoon explorers to the rubble much the same as the present. Artifacts and their contextual mounds and trash dumps in search of turquoise beads and associations are but one facet of archaeological interpretations. whole pots destined for private collections. Artifact associa- Paleoenvironmental determination complements the scene of tions, near and dear to archaeological research goals, were thus the man-created artifact. destroyed in the search for "goodies." Providing clues to prehistoric environment is the domain of Within the last 20 years or so, archaeologists have increas- the "soft dirt" geologist. Soils, plant remains and events ingly called upon experts in allied fields to deal with the related to recent glacial activity form the basic bank of infor- abundant information obtained from large scale projects and mation for the geochronologist. Absolute dating methods salvage programs. The multidisciplinary approach is now an include carbon-14 analysis, dendrochronology and historic accepted mode of operation, and elicits aid from geologists, records. Pollen analysis, ceramic analysis and stratigraphy biologists, botanists, ethnographers, statisticians, aerial and provide measures of relative dating. Interpretation of soil and infra-red photographers, as well as archaeologists skilled in sediment characteristics of structure, texture, consistency and specific categories of research and analysis. Ceramics, lithics, other features can be used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental textiles, bones (anything associated with human occupation); conditions within whose limits man had to fulfill his basic all must be analyzed and interpreted. Always the reality of survival needs. archaeologists are the logistics of setting up a field camp, and The post glacial environment in the Southwest has been the ubiquitous shovel, screen and wheelbarrow operations. discussed by a number of authors, to wit: Antevs 1952, 1955; The prehistory of the San Juan Basin has been drawn from Bryan 1925, 1941; Clisby, et al, 1957; Mahrer 1961; Martin nearly 100 years of surveys and excavations and, as the arti- 1961; Martin and Mehringer 1965; Mehringer 1965, 1967; facts have accumulated in museum storerooms, the general Mehringer and Hays 1965; Mehringer, Martin and Hayes 1967; outlines of prehistoric occupation have become more clear. Haynes 1966, Haynes and Agogino 1966; Kottlowski, et al, The prehistoric technology represents a continuum of gradual 1965; Peterson and Mehringer 1976. These authors have recog- changes in artifact inventory, largely the result of environ- nized an alluvial chronology defined by Haynes as, "a strati- mental fluctuations and the concomittant adjustments, and graphic record of alluvial deposition and erosion that occurred migrations into and within the area. The Four Corners region between late Wisconsin time and the present" (1966, p. 2). was seldom an area of optimum exploitation for food re- These alluvial strata have been recognized in the deep arroyos sources for groups utilizing a simple technology, and the of the Rio Puerco Valley of New Mexico and the horizons prehistoric record reflects an increasing sophistication of tech- have been identified and named by Fred Nials (personal com- nological adaptations to an often marginal environment. A munication) of Eastern New Mexico University. The correla- significant problem of reconstructing prehistoric societies is tions of Haynes' chronology, Nials' horizon nomenclature and the differential preservation of the record. Within a dry rock climatic interpretations and associated culture complexes shelter, textiles, food remains and wooden artifacts accom- appear in Table 1. pany the more enduring pottery and stone remains and are The alluvial deposition and erosion record is characterized used to better describe the life of their owners. Open sites, by three periods of alluviation separated by periods of arroyo however, present a greatly diminished record and the scanty cutting, widespread in most valleys of the Colorado Plateau, remains are patiently sifted and examined for clues. So much is lost. Language, social organization, folk tales, religious con- and ranging from late Wisconsin in age to about A.D. 1880 (Haynes 1966, p. 17, 18). Typical composition of horizons (Kottlowski, et al, 1965, p. 294). Unit A of Deposition 1 lacks reflecting altithermal conditions contain sands, gravels, aeolian positive evidence of man and contains extinct fauna of mam- sand in dune form, slope wash and colluvium. Modern fauna moth, horse, camel, wolf, sloth and bison. The buried rem- are noted (Haynes 1966, p. 11, 12). At Locality AP-4 in the nants of valley fill are composed of fluvial gravels, sands, silts Rio Puerco region, the deep Salado horizon is characterized by and clays. Pollen analyses of this earliest unit of the initial post layers of differentially sorted sand and thinly laminated clay glacial alluvial deposition indicate considerably more aboreal layers in some areas indicating less active fluvial activity. The vegetation than today (Haynes 1966, p. 7). Also within this uniform sorting of the sand, the vertical cracks and the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Student Worksheet (Grades 6–8)
    Name ______________________ Pueblo Indian History for Kids Student Worksheet (Grades 6–8) Overview Pueblo Indian History for Kids is an online timeline that tells the history of the Pueblo Indian people of the American Southwest. The timeline covers more than 15,000 years of history! Use this worksheet to guide your exploration of the timeline. As you move through the timeline, answer the questions below. Keep a list of questions you have as you explore. Go to: www.crowcanyon.org/pueblohistorykids Introduction 1. Who are the Pueblo Indians? 2. What other names are used to describe this group of people? 3. Where is the Mesa Verde region? 4. What does “Mesa Verde” mean, and what is the region’s environment like? 5. How is the environment of the Mesa Verde region similar to the environment where you live? How is it different? 6. What are two ways we can learn about Pueblo history? Can you think of others? 1 Pueblo Indian History for Kids―Student Worksheet (6–8) Paleoindian 1. What does the term “hunter-gatherer” mean? 2. How would you describe how people in your culture acquire food? Where do you get your food? 3. Identify two similarities and two differences between your life and that of Paleoindian people. Archaic 1. There were several major differences between the Paleoindian and Archaic periods. What were they and what is the evidence for these differences? 2. What important tools were used during the Archaic period? How did they change ways of life for people in the Mesa Verde region? 3. Why do you think there is not as much evidence for how people lived during the Paleoindian and Archaic periods as there is for later time periods? 2 Pueblo Indian History for Kids―Student Worksheet (6–8) Basketmaker 1.
    [Show full text]
  • FEATURE TYPES Revised 2/2001 Alcove
    THE CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER FEATURE TYPES Revised 2/2001 alcove. A small auxiliary chamber in a wall, usually found in pit structures; they often adjoin the east wall of the main chamber and are substantially larger than apertures and niches. aperture. A generic term for a wall opening that cannot be defined more specifically. architectural petroglyph (not on bedrock). A petroglyph in a standing masonry wall.A piece of wall fall with a petroglyph on it should be sent in as an artifact if size permits. ashpit. A pit used primarily as a receptacle for ash removed from a hearth or firepit. In a pit structure, the ash pit is commonly oval or rectangular and is located south of the hearth or firepit. bedrock feature. A feature constructed into bedrock that does not fit any of the other feature types listed here. bell-shaped cist. A large pit whose greatest diameter is substantially larger than the diameter of its opening.A storage function is implied, but the feature may not contain any stored materials, in which case the shape of the pit is sufficient for assigning this feature type. bench surface. The surface of a wide ledge in a pit structure or kiva that usually extends around at least three-fourths of the circumference of the structure and is often divided by pilasters.The southern recess surface is also considered a bench surface segment; each bench surface segment must be recorded as a separate feature. bin: not further specified. An above-ground compartment formed by walling off a portion of a structure or courtyard other than a corner.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribal Perspectives on the Hohokam
    Bulletin of Old Pueblo Archaeology Center Tucson, Arizona December 2009 Number 60 Michael Hampshire’s artist rendition of Pueblo Grande platform mound (right); post-excavation view of compound area northwest of Pueblo Grande platform mound (above) TRIBAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE HOHOKAM Donald Bahr, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, Arizona State University The archaeologists’ name for the principal pre-European culture of southern Arizona is Hohokam, a word they adopted from the O’odham (formerly Pima-Papago). I am not sure which archaeologist first used that word. It seems that the first documented but unpublished use is from 1874 or 1875 (Haury 1976:5). In any case, since around then archaeologists have used their methods to define and explain the origin, development, geographic extent, and end of the Hohokam culture. This article is not about the archaeologists’ Hohokam, but about the stories and explanations of past peoples as told by the three Native American tribes who either grew from or replaced the archaeologists’ Hohokam on former Hohokam land. These are the O’odham, of course, but also the Maricopa and Yavapai. The Maricopa during European times (since about 1550) lived on lands previously occupied by the Hohokam and Patayan archaeological cultures, and the Yavapai lived on lands of the older Hohokam, Patayan, Hakataya, Salado, and Western Anasazi cultures – to use all of the names that have been used, sometimes overlappingly, for previous cultures of the region. The Stories The O’odham word huhugkam means “something that is used up or finished.” The word consists of the verb huhug, which means “to be used up or finished,” and the suffix “-kam,” which means “something that is this way.” Huhug is generally, and perhaps only, used as an intransitive, not a transitive, verb.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Peoples of North America
    Native Peoples of North America Dr. Susan Stebbins SUNY Potsdam Native Peoples of North America Dr. Susan Stebbins 2013 Open SUNY Textbooks 2013 Susan Stebbins This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Published by Open SUNY Textbooks, Milne Library (IITG PI) State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454 Cover design by William Jones About this Textbook Native Peoples of North America is intended to be an introductory text about the Native peoples of North America (primarily the United States and Canada) presented from an anthropological perspective. As such, the text is organized around anthropological concepts such as language, kinship, marriage and family life, political and economic organization, food getting, spiritual and religious practices, and the arts. Prehistoric, historic and contemporary information is presented. Each chapter begins with an example from the oral tradition that reflects the theme of the chapter. The text includes suggested readings, videos and classroom activities. About the Author Susan Stebbins, D.A., Professor of Anthropology and Director of Global Studies, SUNY Potsdam Dr. Susan Stebbins (Doctor of Arts in Humanities from the University at Albany) has been a member of the SUNY Potsdam Anthropology department since 1992. At Potsdam she has taught Cultural Anthropology, Introduction to Anthropology, Theory of Anthropology, Religion, Magic and Witchcraft, and many classes focusing on Native Americans, including The Native Americans, Indian Images and Women in Native America. Her research has been both historical (Traditional Roles of Iroquois Women) and contemporary, including research about a political protest at the bridge connecting New York, the Akwesasne Mohawk reservation and Ontario, Canada, and Native American Education, particularly that concerning the Native peoples of New York.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Physalis Longifolia in the U.S
    The Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Wild Tomatillos, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and Related Physalis Species: A Review1 ,2 3 2 2 KELLY KINDSCHER* ,QUINN LONG ,STEVE CORBETT ,KIRSTEN BOSNAK , 2 4 5 HILLARY LORING ,MARK COHEN , AND BARBARA N. TIMMERMANN 2Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 3Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA 4Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA 5Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] The Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Wild Tomatillos, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and Related Physalis Species: A Review. The wild tomatillo, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and related species have been important wild-harvested foods and medicinal plants. This paper reviews their traditional use as food and medicine; it also discusses taxonomic difficulties and provides information on recent medicinal chemistry discoveries within this and related species. Subtle morphological differences recognized by taxonomists to distinguish this species from closely related taxa can be confusing to botanists and ethnobotanists, and many of these differences are not considered to be important by indigenous people. Therefore, the food and medicinal uses reported here include information for P. longifolia, as well as uses for several related taxa found north of Mexico. The importance of wild Physalis species as food is reported by many tribes, and its long history of use is evidenced by frequent discovery in archaeological sites. These plants may have been cultivated, or “tended,” by Pueblo farmers and other tribes. The importance of this plant as medicine is made evident through its historical ethnobotanical use, information in recent literature on Physalis species pharmacology, and our Native Medicinal Plant Research Program’s recent discovery of 14 new natural products, some of which have potent anti-cancer activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza­ Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Complexity at Cahokia
    Social Complexity at Cahokia Peter N. Peregrine Scott Ortman Eric Rupley SFI WORKING PAPER: 2014-03-004 SFI Working Papers contain accounts of scientiic work of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Santa Fe Institute. We accept papers intended for publication in peer-reviewed journals or proceedings volumes, but not papers that have already appeared in print. Except for papers by our external faculty, papers must be based on work done at SFI, inspired by an invited visit to or collaboration at SFI, or funded by an SFI grant. ©NOTICE: This working paper is included by permission of the contributing author(s) as a means to ensure timely distribution of the scholarly and technical work on a non-commercial basis. Copyright and all rights therein are maintained by the author(s). It is understood that all persons copying this information will adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. These works may be reposted only with the explicit permission of the copyright holder. www.santafe.edu SANTA FE INSTITUTE Social Complexity at Cahokia Summary of a Working Group Held at the Santa Fe Institute, May 28-30, 2013. organized by Peter N. Peregrine, Lawrence University and Santa Fe Institute Scott Ortman, University of Colorado, Boulder and Santa Fe Institute. Eric Rupley, Santa Fe Institute Abstract A working group held at the Santa Fe Institute May 28-30, 2013, produced a set of consensus answers to questions about Cahokia, an urban place dating to the 12 th and 13 th centuries and located in what is today the greater Saint Louis region of Missouri and Illinois.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Maize from Chacoan Great Houses: Where Was It Grown?
    Ancient maize from Chacoan great houses: Where was it grown? Larry Benson*†, Linda Cordell‡, Kirk Vincent*, Howard Taylor*, John Stein§, G. Lang Farmer¶, and Kiyoto Futaʈ *U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO 80303; ‡University Museum and ¶Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; §Navajo Nation Historic Preservation Department, Chaco Protection Sites Program, P.O. Box 2469, Window Rock, AZ 86515; and ʈU.S. Geological Survey, MS 963, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 Edited by Jeremy A. Sabloff, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA, and approved August 26, 2003 (received for review August 8, 2003) In this article, we compare chemical (87Sr͞86Sr and elemental) analyses of archaeological maize from dated contexts within Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, to potential agricul- tural sites on the periphery of the San Juan Basin. The oldest maize analyzed from Pueblo Bonito probably was grown in an area located 80 km to the west at the base of the Chuska Mountains. The youngest maize came from the San Juan or Animas river flood- plains 90 km to the north. This article demonstrates that maize, a dietary staple of southwestern Native Americans, was transported over considerable distances in pre-Columbian times, a finding fundamental to understanding the organization of pre-Columbian southwestern societies. In addition, this article provides support for the hypothesis that major construction events in Chaco Canyon were made possible because maize was brought in to support extra-local labor forces. etween the 9th and 12th centuries anno Domini (A.D.), BChaco Canyon, located near the middle of the high-desert San Juan Basin of north-central New Mexico (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Museum of New Mexico
    MUSEUM OF NEW MEXICO OFFICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE MOGOLLON HIGHLANDS: SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS AND ADAPTATIONS edited by Yvonne R. Oakes and Dorothy A. Zamora VOLUME 6. SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS Yvonne R. Oakes Submitted by Timothy D. Maxwell Principal Investigator ARCHAEOLOGY NOTES 232 SANTA FE 1999 NEW MEXICO TABLE OF CONTENTS Figures............................................................................iii Tables............................................................................. iv VOLUME 6. SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS ARCHITECTURAL VARIATION IN MOGOLLON STRUCTURES .......................... 1 Structural Variation through Time ................................................ 1 Communal Structures......................................................... 19 CHANGING SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN THE MOGOLLON HIGHLANDS ................ 27 Research Orientation .......................................................... 27 Methodology ................................................................ 27 Examination of Settlement Patterns .............................................. 29 Population Movements ........................................................ 35 Conclusions................................................................. 41 REGIONAL ABANDONMENT PROCESSES IN THE MOGOLLON HIGHLANDS ............ 43 Background for Studying Abandonment Processes .................................. 43 Causes of Regional Abandonment ............................................... 44 Abandonment Patterns in the Mogollon Highlands
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Sinagua Sites Tour: Montezuma Castle, Montezuma
    Information as of Old Pueblo Archaeology Center Presents: March 4, 2021 99 a.m.-5:30a.m.-5:30 p.m.p.m. SouthernSouthern SinaguaSinagua SitesSites Tour:Tour: MayMay 8,8, 20212021 MontezumaMontezuma Castle,Castle, SaturdaySaturday MontezumaMontezuma Well,Well, andand TuzigootTuzigoot $30 donation ($24 for members of Old Pueblo Archaeology Center or Friends of Pueblo Grande Museum) Donations are due 10 days after reservation request or by 5 p.m. Wednesday May 8, whichever is earlier. SEE NEXT PAGES FOR DETAILS. National Park Service photographs: Upper, Tuzigoot Pueblo near Clarkdale, Arizona Middle and lower, Montezuma Well and Montezuma Castle cliff dwelling, Camp Verde, Arizona 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Saturday May 8: Southern Sinagua Sites Tour – Montezuma Castle, Montezuma Well, and Tuzigoot meets at Montezuma Castle National Monument, 2800 Montezuma Castle Rd., Camp Verde, Arizona What is Sinagua? Named with the Spanish term sin agua (‘without water’), people of the Sinagua culture inhabited Arizona’s Middle Verde Valley and Flagstaff areas from about 6001400 CE Verde Valley cliff houses below the rim of Montezuma Well and grew corn, beans, and squash in scattered lo- cations. Their architecture included masonry-lined pithouses, surface pueblos, and cliff dwellings. Their pottery included some black-on-white ceramic vessels much like those produced elsewhere by the An- cestral Pueblo people but was mostly plain brown, and made using the paddle-and-anvil technique. Was Sinagua a separate culture from the sur- rounding Ancestral Pueblo, Mogollon, Hohokam, and Patayan ones? Was Sinagua a branch of one of those other cultures? Or was it a complex blending or borrowing of attributes from all of the surrounding cultures? Whatever the case might have been, today’s Hopi Indians consider the Sinagua to be ancestral to the Hopi.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpretation and Visitor Experience at Chaco Culture National Historic Park Maren Else Svare
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Anthropology ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 7-1-2015 Speaking in Circles: Interpretation and Visitor Experience at Chaco Culture National Historic Park Maren Else Svare Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/anth_etds Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Svare, Maren Else. "Speaking in Circles: Interpretation and Visitor Experience at Chaco Culture National Historic Park." (2015). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/anth_etds/69 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maren Else Svare Candidate Anthropology Department This thesis is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Thesis Committee: Dr. Ronda Brulotte, Chairperson Dr. Erin Debenport Dr. Loa Traxler i SPEAKING IN CIRCLES: INTERPRETATION AND VISITOR EXPERIENCE AT CHACO CULTURE NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK by MAREN ELSE SVARE BACHELOR OF ANTHROPOLOGY THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Anthropology The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May, 2015 ii Acknowledgments This thesis could have been completed without the wisdom, support, and diligence of my committee. Thank you to my committee chair, Dr. Ronda Brulotte, for consistently and patiently guiding me to rethink and rework. Dr. Erin Debenport supplied both good humor and good advice, keeping my expectations realistic and my writing on track. I am grateful to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • People, Place and the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2003 Visions of the landscape| People, place and the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River Jerritt J. Frank The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Frank, Jerritt J., "Visions of the landscape| People, place and the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River" (2003). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 4023. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/4023 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of IVIONXAiVA Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that tliis material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. ** Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature ** Yes, I grant permission ^ No, I do not grant permission Author's Signature _/ Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only wit the author's explicit consent. Visions of the Landscape: People, Place and the Black Canyon Of The Gunnison River by Jerritt J. Frank B.A. Mesa State College, 1999 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The University of Montana May 2003 >4jB^oved by: ^lairperson Dean, Graduate School 5-q-03 Date UMI Number: EP36289 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]