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Green Parties and Elections to the European Parliament, 1979–2019 Green Par Elections
Chapter 1 Green Parties and Elections, 1979–2019 Green parties and elections to the European Parliament, 1979–2019 Wolfgang Rüdig Introduction The history of green parties in Europe is closely intertwined with the history of elections to the European Parliament. When the first direct elections to the European Parliament took place in June 1979, the development of green parties in Europe was still in its infancy. Only in Belgium and the UK had green parties been formed that took part in these elections; but ecological lists, which were the pre- decessors of green parties, competed in other countries. Despite not winning representation, the German Greens were particularly influ- enced by the 1979 European elections. Five years later, most partic- ipating countries had seen the formation of national green parties, and the first Green MEPs from Belgium and Germany were elected. Green parties have been represented continuously in the European Parliament since 1984. Subsequent years saw Greens from many other countries joining their Belgian and German colleagues in the Euro- pean Parliament. European elections continued to be important for party formation in new EU member countries. In the 1980s it was the South European countries (Greece, Portugal and Spain), following 4 GREENS FOR A BETTER EUROPE their successful transition to democracies, that became members. Green parties did not have a strong role in their national party systems, and European elections became an important focus for party develop- ment. In the 1990s it was the turn of Austria, Finland and Sweden to join; green parties were already well established in all three nations and provided ongoing support for Greens in the European Parliament. -
Certification
CERTIFICATION The Minutes of Proceedings which appear in the following book have been established by the Clerk of Parliament and have been amended and confirmed by Parliament in accordance with the provisions of Article 18 of the Standing Orders of Parliament. Hon. ESmon SALMON Leon TETER Speaker of Parliament Clerk of Parliament ELEVENTH LEGISLATURE OF PARLIAMENT SPECIAL SITTING OF 2016 9 June 2016 Speaker of Parliament His Excellency, Hon. Esmon SAIMON Parliament Office-Holders First Deputy Speaker -Hon. Edwin Amblus MACREVETH Second Deputy Speaker - Vacant Third Deputy Speaker - Hon. Alickson Fourth Deputy Speaker - Hon. Marcellino BARTHELEMY Leader of the Government in the Parliament - Hon. Chariot SAL WAI Tabimasmas Deputy Leader of the Government in the Parliament - Hon. Joe NATUMAN Leader of the Opposition - Hon. ALATOI Ishmael Kalsakau Deputy Leader of the Opposition - Hon. Sato KILMAN Leader of Government Business - Hon. Fred Tasso WILLIAM Government Whip - Hon. - Bob LOUGHMAN Opposition Whip - Hon. - Christopher EMELEE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF VANUATU (These Ministers constitute the Cabinet and were in office on 9 June 2016) Prime Minister and Minister of Public Hon. Chariot SAL WAI Tabimasmas Service Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Hon. Joe NATUMAN Trade Industry and Commerce Minister of Infrastructure and Public Hon. Jotham NAPAT Utilities Minister of Foreign Affairs, External Hon. Bruno LENGKON Trade and Telecommunication Minister of Internal Affairs Hon. Alfred MAOH Minister of Finance and Economic Hon. Gaetan PIKIOUNE Management Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Hon. Matai SEREMAIAH Fisheries Minister of Health Hon. Daniel Toara KALO Minister of Education Hon. Jean Pierre NIRUA Minister of Lands, Geology and Mines Hon. -
Dimensions and Alignments in European Union Politics: Cognitive Constraints and Partisan Responses
Working Paper Series in European Studies Volume 1, Number 3 Dimensions and Alignments in European Union Politics: Cognitive Constraints and Partisan Responses DR. SIMON HIX DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE Houghton Street London, WC2A 2AE United Kingdom ([email protected]) EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE: GILLES BOUSQUET KEITH COHEN COLLEEN DUNLAVY ANDREAS KAZAMIAS LEON LINDBERG ELAINE MARKS ANNE MINER ROBERT OSTERGREN MARK POLLACK GREGORY SHAFFER MARC SILBERMAN JONATHAN ZEITLIN Copyright © 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the author. European Studies Program, International Institute, University of Wisconsin--Madison Madison, Wisconsin http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/eur/ 1 Dimensions and Alignments in European Union Politics: Cognitive Constraints and Partisan Responses Simon Hix Department of Government, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom Abstract As the European Union (EU) has evolved, the study agenda has shifted from ‘European integration’ to ‘EU politics’. Missing from this new agenda, however, is an understanding of the ‘cognitive constraints’ on actors, and how actors respond: i.e. the shape of the EU ‘political space’ and the location of social groups and competition between actors within this space. The article develops a theoretical framework for understanding the shape of the EU political space (the interaction between an Integration-Independence and a Left-Right dimension and the location of class and sectoral groups within this map), and tests this framework on the policy positions of the Socialist, Christian Democrat and Liberal party leaders between 1976 and 1994 (using the techniques of the ECPR Party Manifestos Group Project). -
Ninth Legislature of Parliament
PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF VANUATU NINTH LEGISLATURE OF PARLIAMENT FOURTH EXTRA ORDINARY SESSION OF 2009 MONDAY 23 NOVEMBER 2009 SPEAKER : The Hon. Maxime CARLOT Korman, Member for Port Vila PRESENT : 36 Members ABSENT : Hon. Philip BOEDORO, Member for Maewo Hon. James BULE, Member for Ambae Hon. Moana CARCASSES, Member for Port Vila Hon. Louis ETAP, Member for Tanna Hon. Iauko H. IARIS, Member for Tanna Hon. Joshua KALSAKAU, Member for Efate Hon. Sato KILMAN, Member for Malekula Hon. Solomon LORIN, Member for Santo Hon. Dominique MORIN, Member for Luganville Hon. Edward NATAPEI, Member for Port Vila Hon. Thomas I. SAWON, Member for Banks/Torres Hon. Ioane S. OMAWA, Member for Epi Hon. George A. WELLS, Member for Luganville LATE : Hon. Jean Ravou KOLOMULE, Member for Santo Hon. Paul TELUKLUK, Member for Malekula 1. The sitting commenced at 8.50a.m. 2. The Hon. Speaker CARLOT Korman stated that according to Article 21(4) of the Constitution that two thirds of the Members should be present at the first sitting in any session of Parliament and as there was a quorum consisting of 36 Members, it rendered the sitting to be legally and constitutionally constituted to proceed with the Fourth Extra Ordinary session of 2009. 1 3. The Hon. Ps Ton KEN, Member for Malekula said the prayer. 4. The Hon. Speaker read the agenda. 5. The Hon. Ham LINI, Leader of Opposition and Member for Pentecost raised a point of order then asked if the sitting could be adjourned until 8.30a.m the next day to allow sufficient time for Members who have just arrived from the islands (constituencies) to read their Bills. -
Vanijatij Vanijatij
REPlJBLIQIJE REPlJBLI(; DE OF VANIJATIJ VANIJATIJ JOURNAL OFFICIEL OFFICIAL GAZETTE 18 JUIUEf 2005 18 JULY 2005 SONY PUBLIES LES YEXTES SUIVANTS NOTIFICATION OF PUBLICATION iRRETES ORDERS THE ROAD TRAFFIC (CONTROL) (AMENDMENT) ACT NO. 31 OF 2003 • MEDICAL CERTIFICATE (pRESCRIBED FORM) REGULATION NO. 24 OF 2005. TAXIS ACT [CAP.49] • LAND TRANSPORT BOARD SUBSISTANCE " ALLOWANCE ORDER NO. 25 OF 2005. PUBLIC FINANCE AND ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ACT NO.6 OF 1998 • AUTHORISATION OF EXPENDITURE ORDER NO. 26 OF 2005. RESERVE BANK OF VANUATU ACT [CAP.12S] • 25m INDEPENDENCE ANNIVERSARY COMMEMORATIVE BANKNOTE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF VANUATU • INSTRUMENT OF REMOVAL OF MINISTERS • INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTERS OATHS ACT [CAP.371 • OATH OF ALLEGIANCES :$ OFFICIAL OATHS t ___ __ _ CONTENTS PAGE PUBLIC HOLIDAYS ACT [CAP,114J • DECLARATION OF PUBLIC HOLIDAY 1. --'---~ --- REPUBLIC OF V ANUA TU THE ROAD TRAFFIC (CONTROL) AMENDMENT ACT NO. 31 OF 2003 Medical Certificate (Prescribed Form) Regulation Order No. 24 Of 2005 In exercise of the powers conferred on me by subsections 46A (4) and 46B(6), I, • Honourable MAXlME CARLOT KORMAN Minister of Infrastructure and Public Utilities make the following Regulation. 1 Prescribed Medical Certificate The Prescribed Medical Certificate referred to in subsections 46A(4) and 46B(6) is as set out in the Schedule. 2 Commencement This Regulation commences on the day on which it is made. Made this II --d-'''-'--'--+- 2005. SCHEDULE Prescribed Medical Certificate , Name of Applicant Address of j Date of Birth Sugar on the boxes belo:w 0' . Normal ................. ' ............... i Heart '-Co~~e~·t--··----.. ·-·1-- .. ·-···-------···-···--·--·-··--- ... ---.. -- ... ---- ... ----- .. ---------------.-----.------1'---·-----------------------1 I I I I L_________ .. -
Pol I T Ical Reviews • Melanesia 467 References Vanuatu
pol i t ical reviews • melanesia 467 References controlling prisoners. Issues of eco- nomic policy also created challenges Fraenkel, Jonathan, Anthony Reagan, and with Vanuatu’s financial services David Hegarty. 2008. The Dangers of sector coming under increasing pres- Political Party Strengthening Legislation in Solomon Islands. State Society and Society sure, the rising cost of living being felt in Melanesia Working Paper (ssgm) quite strongly, and a proposed increase 2008/2. Canberra: ssgm, The Australian to employment conditions creating National University. uncertainty within the private sector. Ham Lini’s National United Party ISN, Island Sun News. Daily newspaper, Honiara. (nup)–led coalition had taken over in December 2004, following a success- mehrd, Ministry of Education and ful vote of no confidence against the Human Resources Development. 2009. government coalition led by Serge Semi-annual Report, January–July. Vohor’s Union of Moderate Parties mehrd: Honiara. (ump), which had been elected only NEN, National Express News. Tri-weekly five months earlier. Although several newspaper, Honiara. reshuffles took place in the intervening sibc, Solomon Islands Broadcasting years, Lini’s ability to survive to the Corporation. Daily Internet news service, end of Parliament’s four-year term was Honiara. http://www.sibconline.com remarkable. The previous decade had SSN, Solomon Star News. Daily news - seen regular votes of no confidence paper, Honiara. Online at and numerous threats of such votes http://solomonstarnews.com / leading to nine different coalition sto, Solomon Times Online. Daily governments and two snap elections. Internet news service, Honiara. Lini was able to stay in power mainly http://www.solomontimes.com because he refused to take action (ie, hold accountable politicians who were members of the coalition accused of mismanagement, corruption, or misbehavior) or make decisions that Vanuatu could jeopardize the coalition. -
Report of the Fourth Ministers' Meeting
FAO Sub-Regional Office for the Pacific Islands ______________________________________________________ Report of the Fourth ______________________________________________________________________________________ MEETING OF SOUTH WEST PACIFIC MINISTERS FOR AGRICULTURE Port Vila, Vanuatu, 23-24 July 2001 FAO Sub-Regional Office for the Pacific Islands ______________________________________________________ Heads of Delegations and the Director-General of FAO at the Fourth Meeting of the South West Pacific Ministers for Agriculture Back row (left to right): Hon. Tuisugaletaua S Aveau (Samoa), Mr. Samisoni Ulitu (Fiji), Hon. Matt Robson (New Zealand), HE Perry Head (Australia), Hon. Willie Posen (Vanuatu), Hon. John Silk (Marshall Islands), Hon. Moon Pin Kwan (Solomon Islands), Hon. Emile Schutz (Kiribati) Front row (left to right): Hon. Young Vivian (Niue Deputy Prime Minister), Rt. Hon. Edward Natapei (Vanuatu Prime Minister), Hon. Donald Kalpokas (Vanuatu Acting President), Jacques Diouf (Director- General of FAO), HRH Prince „Ulukalala Lavaka Ata (Tonga Prime Minister) FAO Sub-Regional Office for the Pacific Islands ______________________________________________________ Report of the Fourth MEETING OF SOUTH WEST PACIFIC MINISTERS FOR AGRICULTURE Port Vila, Vanuatu, 23-24 July 2001 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS SUB-REGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE PACIFIC ISLANDS Apia, Samoa, 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OFFICIAL OPENING 2. ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA 3. WORLD FOOD SUMMIT: FIVE YEARS LATER 4. FAO ACTIVITIES IN THE PACIFIC 5. FOOD SECURITY IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC: i AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY POLICY IN THE PACIFIC: FIVE YEARS AFTER THE WORLD FOOD SUMMIT ii RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES AND FOOD SECURITY iii FOOD AND NUTRITION CHALLENGES iv PLANT PROTECTION AND BIOSECURITY IN FOOD SECURITY v SMALL-FARMERS‟ CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY vi ENHANCING FOOD SECURITY THROUGH FORESTRY 6. -
Ralph Regenvanu
http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Reconciling Kastom and Modernity in Contemporary Vanuatu A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Sciences at The University of Waikato by Lavinia Gael Lea Mahit 2016 Abstract Drawing on fieldwork data and relevant anthropological literature, this thesis examines how potential tensions between the categories of modernity and kastom are reconciled in contemporary Vanuatu. Following an outline of how the category of kastom emerged through colonial encounters, the contemporary ‘mix’ between the indigenous and non-indigenous categories is considered. This research further considers the breakdown of an ‘indigenous/exogenous’, ‘old/new’, or ‘past/present’ dichotomy, and shows how the juxtaposition of these concepts offers a new way of understanding the world - not necessarily in opposition, but not always in agreement. The analysis is presented in four stages. -
Vanuatu Vanuatu
BEPlJBLIQUE BEPUBLI(; DE OF VANUATU VANUATU JOURNAL OFFICIEL OFFICIAL GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY GAZETTE 16 MAl 2014 NUMERO SPECIAL 16 MAY 2014 NO. 16 SONT PUBLIES LES TEXTES SUIVANTS NOTIFICATION OF PUBLICATION ARRETE ORDER CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF VANUATU • INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTER ORDER NO. 83 OF 2014 • INSTRUMENT. OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTER ORDER NO. 84 OF 201 4 • INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTER ORDER NO. 85 OF 2014 • INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTER ORDER NO. 86 OF 2014 • INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTER ORDER NO. 87 OF 2014 • INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTER ORDER NO. 88 OF 2014 • INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTER ORDER NO. 89 OF 2014 • INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTER ORDER NO. 90 OF 2014 • INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTER ORDER NO. 91 OF 2014 • INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTER ORDER NO. 92 OF 2014 • INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTER ORDER NO. 93 OF 2014 • INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENT OF MINISTER ORDER NO. 94 OF 2014 LOI SUR LES SERMENTS [CAP 37] OATHS ACT [CAP. 37] • SERMENT OFFICIAL DE JOE NATUMAN - • OFFICIAL OATH OF HONOURABLE JOE PREMIER MINISTER DE LA REPUBLIC DE NATUMAN - PRIME MIN ISTER OF TH E VANUATU REPUBLIC OF VANUATU • SERMENT D'ALLEGENCE DE JOE • OATH OF ALLEGIANCE OF HONOURABLE NATUMAN - PREMIER MINISTER DE LA JOE NATUMAN - PRIME MINISTER OF TH E REPUBLIC DE VANUATU REPUBLIC OF VANUATU • OFFICIAL OATH OF HONOURAB LE HAM LlNI VANUAROROA - DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER AND MINISTER OF TOURISM, COMM ERCE , INDUSTRY AND NI-VANUATU BUSINESS • OATH OF ALLEGIANCE OF HONOURAB -
Certification
CERTIFICATION The Minutes of Proceedings which appear in the following book have been established by the Clerk of Parliament and have been amended and confirmed by Parliament in accordance with the provisions of Article 18 of the Standing Orders of Parliament. Lino Bulekuli (lit SACSAC Speaker of Parliament Clerk of Parliament PARLIAMENT OF THE PARLEMENT DE LA REPUBLIC OF VANUATU REPUBLIQUE DE VANUATU FOURTH LEGISLATURE OF PARLIAMENT ABBIL, Hon. Iolu Johnson Member for Tanna BANGABITI, Hon. Amos Member for Ambae BATICK, Hon. Romain Member for Malekula BLAISE, Hon. Batick Member for Ambrym BOULEKONE, Hon. Vincent Member for Pentecost BUE, Hon. Samson Member for Ambae BULE, Hon. Allen Member for Pentecost BULEWU, Hon. Job Member for Pentecost CALO, Hon. Joseph Member for Tongoa/Shepherds CARLOT, Hon. Louis Member for Efate CARLOT, Hon. Maxime Member for Port Vila CHILIA, Hon. Jimmy Meto Member for Efate FARATLA, Hon. Thomas Brothy Member for Port Vila HOPA, Hon. Jack Tungon Member for Ambrym HOPMAN, Hon. Alick Allan Member for Port Vila IOUIOU, Hon. Henry Member for Tanna JERETY, Hon. Rasen Member for Malekula JIMMY, Hon. Willie Member for Port Vila KALPOKAS, Hon. Donald Member for Efate KARIE, Hon. Robert David Member for Tongoa/Shepherds LAHVA, Hon. Jeffrey Member for Tanna LANGO, Hon. Demis Member for Paama LINI, Hon. Walter Hadye Member for Pentecost LINI, Hon. Hilda Member for Port Vila LOP, Hon. Kissel Member for Tanna LULUM, Hon. Dereck Vanua Member for Banks/Torres MASENG, Hon. Alfred Member for Luganville MOLISA, Hon. Sela Member for Santo/Malo/Aore NAKO, CHARLIE Member for Tanna NATAPEI, Hon. -
Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections 2008 Elections Parliamentary of Chronicle Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections Volume 42
Couverture_Ang:Mise en page 1 22.04.09 17:27 Page1 Print ISSN: 1994-0963 Electronic ISSN: 1994-098X INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION CHRONICLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2008 CHRONICLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS VOLUME 42 Published annually in English and French since 1967, the Chronicle of Parliamen tary Elections reports on all national legislative elections held throughout the world during a given year. It includes information on the electoral system, the background and outcome of each election as well as statistics on the results, distribution of votes and distribution of seats according to political group, sex and age. The information contained in the Chronicle can also be found in the IPU’s database on national parliaments, PARLINE. PARLINE is accessible on the IPU web site (http://www.ipu.org) and is continually updated. Inter-Parliamentary Union VOLUME 42 5, chemin du Pommier Case postale 330 CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Geneva – Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 919 41 50 Fax: +41 22 919 41 60 2008 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ipu.org 2008 Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections VOLUME 42 1 January - 31 December 2008 © Inter-Parliamentary Union 2009 Print ISSN: 1994-0963 Electronic ISSN: 1994-098X Photo credits Front cover: Photo AFP/Pascal Pavani Back cover: Photo AFP/Tugela Ridley Inter-Parliamentary Union Office of the Permanent Observer of 5, chemin du Pommier the IPU to the United Nations Case postale 330 220 East 42nd Street CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Suite 3002 Geneva — Switzerland New York, N.Y. 10017 USA Tel.: + 41 22 919 -
Report of the Parliamentary Delegation to Vanuatu and New Zealand by the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Co
Chapter 2 Vanuatu Country brief1 2.1 Vanuatu is an archipelagic nation of 83 islands, extending over 1,000 kilometres in a north-south direction between the equator and the tropic of Capricorn. Vanuatu has a small, dispersed, predominantly rural and culturally diverse population of approximately 250,000 people. Around 70 per cent live in rural areas on 65 of the 83 islands. Formerly known as the New Hebrides, Vanuatu was governed jointly by British and French administrations, in an arrangement known as the Condominium, before attaining independence on 30 July 1980. The country has six provinces (Torba, Sanma, Penama, Malampa, Shefa and Tafea) with limited administrative authority. Political system 2.2 Vanuatu has a unicameral 52-member parliament, elected to a four-year term. The President of the Republic is elected for a five-year term through secret ballot by an electoral college comprising the members of parliament and the presidents of the six provincial governments. The current President, Iolu Johnson Abbil, was elected in September 2009. The Prime Minister is elected by parliament from among its members by secret ballot. 2.3 Vanuatu is the only Pacific country with multi-member electorates. The proliferation of political parties is seen, by some, as one reason for persistent political instability. Until about 1991 the main political divide in Vanuatu was between Anglophones and Francophones, respectively represented by the Vanua’aku Pati (VP) and United Moderates Party (UMP). During the last decade, parties have been splintering over policy and, more often, personality differences, in a manner more typical of other Melanesian countries like Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands.