Catalyst Journal of the Amateur Yacht Research Society
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Catalyst Journal of the Amateur Yacht Research Society Number 16 April 2004 Catalyst Features 9 The Marine Engine – A Necessary Evil? James Crafer 12 Making Water Sports Easy for Disabled People Mario A. Rosato and Giovanna Barbaro 15 A paddle wheel design A. G. P. Jankó 21 An Autonomous Wing-Sailed Catamaran Dr Gabriel H. Elkaim Regulars 3 News 5 Letters A Balancing Act; Video Timing; Yacht Skiing; Self Stabilising Variable Geometry Kite Sail System; Hull Aero Drag 37 Notes from Toad Hill Data Analysis 40 Catalyst Calendar Cover Photo - Dr Elkaim’s research catamanaran under trials in Redwood City harbor, January 2001. The “crew” were there as live ballast in case a sudden wind gust overwhelmed the control system. APRIL 2004 1 Catalyst Congratulations to Steve Fossett and the crew of Journal of the Cheyenne on their “Round the World” record of just Amateur Yacht Research Society under 58 days 9 hours 33 minutes from Ushant, round Antarctica, and back to Ushant! Editorial Team — Simon Fishwick This record leaves the Jules Verne Trophy (for which Peter Westwood we understand Cheyenne had not signed up) and its Sheila Fishwick Committee with a certain amount of egg on their faces – they have the Cup, but someone else has the record, and it seems Cheyenne very carefully crossed the Jules Specialist Correspondents Verne start and finish lines on her departure and return! Aerodynamics—Tom Speer Electronics—David Jolly It’s a pity though that they just missed satisfying the Human & Solar Power—Theo Schmidt Hydrofoils—George Chapman purists who ask that at least one point on a Instrumentation—Joddy Chapman circumnavigation be diametrically opposite (an Iceboats & Landyachts—Bob Dill antipode) of some other point. As can be seen from Kites—Dave Culp the graph below, Cheyenne missed this by a few miles. Multihulls—Dick Newick However the WSSRC does not require that, and Cheyenne Speed Trials—Bob Downhill more than satisfied their requirements for the Record, Steam Power—Lord Strathcona Structures—Keith Burgess so they deserve all the plaudits they will undoubtedly Windmills & Turbines—Jim Wilkinson get. Simon Fishwick Catalyst is a quarterly journal of yacht research, design, and technology published by the Amateur 90 Yacht Research Society, BCM AYRS, London track track antipode WC1N 3XX, UK. Opinions expressed are the 70 author’s, and not those of AYRS. AYRS also publishes related booklets. 50 Contributions are welcome from all. Email them 30 to [email protected], or send (at your risk) disks or typed copy with illustrations 10 to the Society’s office. AYRS can take no Latitude -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 responsibility for loss or damage. -10 AYRS subscribers receive both Catalyst and the -30 booklets. Subscription is UK£20 or US$30 per annum for a Full Member, £10 or $15 for -50 students and retired members. Subscription requests and all other queries to be sent to the -70 AYRS Office, BCM AYRS, London WC1N 3XX -90 UK, phone/fax +44 (1727) 862 268 or email: Longitude [email protected] AYRS is a UK Registered Educational Charity (No 234081) for the furthering of yacht science. Website: http://www.ayrs.org Index to Catalyst etc © 2004 Amateur Yacht Research Society George Chapman has very kindly indexed all the BCM AYRS, London WC1N 3XX, UK Catalysts up to No 11, and all the AYRS Newsletters All Rights Reserved from 1991 to 1999. By the time you get this, his Index ISSN 1469-6754 should be on the AYRS website (under “Catalyst”) 2 CATALYST News & Views Yves Parlier’s new catamaran - now named “Médiatis Région Aquitaine” - on trials on 31 March. Note the step on the hull. - photo © Twin International Conference on Small Craft Regulations 20 - 21 October 2004, RINA HQ, London This international conference on Small Craft update on present regulations as well as giving an Regulations will provide a forum for discussion on introduction to new regulations. RINA has invited the various present or future National, European and papers on the following subjects as they might apply International regulations applicable to small craft. to aluminium, FRP, steel or wood vessels. Such regulations include: the MCA Harmonised Development of and experience in the use and Code for craft less than 24 m, MCA Large Yacht application of the regulations in general or on Code (presently applicable to charter yachts of and specific topics such as; over 24 m length), ISO Standards for Small Craft for · Fire safety & structural fire protection, compliance with EC Directive on recreational craft, · Structural strength standards, for craft less than 24 m in length, EC and UK · Materials, regulations for inland waterway craft and safety · Watertight and weathertight integrity, standards for RIBs, and rescue craft. These are · Stability, examples only and papers on small craft regulations · Life saving appliances. other than those mentioned will be equally welcome. · Stability and floatation tests for small craft The regulations mentioned above vary in content · Environmental protection but all are concerned with safety of life and The conference hopes to attract a large protection of the environment. Most delegate international audience and to provide a forum for all structural strength to classification societies or refer those interested in safety regulations for small craft. to classification strength standards. Some such as the Contact: Conference Department, RINA, 10 ISO Standards for Small Craft include structural Upper Belgrave Street, London SWiX 8BQ fax: strength standards. This conference will provide on +44 (0) 20 7259 5912; email:[email protected] APRIL 2004 3 News & Views Ondulo - a French fish-tail boat Seeing this craft in the wood (OK New to us at the Paris Boat plastic) as it were prompts a question - Show (although in fact it was Does anybody know what the relative the second year it had been efficiency is of this kind of propulsion there) was this little craft with (or a yuloh) vs a propellor, or even its flapping fin/”fishtail” oars? We know from the British propulsion. Driven by foot- Admiralty trials of 200 years ago pedals attached to that propellors are more crankwheels, with an effecctive than paddlewheels, auxilliary crank to control the but what about these (or angle of attack of the fin, this their horizontal relatives - little boat is 3.25m (10ft9in) long whaletails)? Do any of (including the fin) by 90cm (36in) our members with an beam. interest in human- It has fixed fins foward and aft; the power boats forward fin is retractable and used only know? in strong crosswinds, the after fin serves to counteract the lateral force from the propulsion. Steering is by halting the propulsion fin when it is as a suitable angle so that it acts as a rudder. It is also possible to turn on the spot by oscillating the propulsion fin through less than its full arc. It can even reverse. The boat carries a French Class D approval (protected waters, 50cm waves, wind Force 4). The manufacturer is Pierre Chatelain, Longefonds, 38930 Clelles, nr Grenoble, France. http://www.ondulo.com 4 CATALYST News & Views - Letters A Balancing Act Video Timing Your Toad Hill Note in CATALYST No 13, with the photos In Catalyst 14, Graeme Ward held over to No14, about helm balance, makes a statement about is reported as seeking the centres of hydro and aero efforts “At first thought it could synchronised start and end be reasoned the two points should be both on a vertical line for videos using a wireless link. correct balance.”.. Absolutely ! I believe a wireless video link would be very expensive and a Unfortunately many teachers balance correct right from the start better alternative would simply be have taught that the aero CE should of sea trials, for every likely two synchronised cameras. The lead the hydro CE by a percentage combination of sails.. two videos can then be played of boat length, because they always It is almost impossible to arrange together on a single monitor. illustrate this mantra with a side for the CEs to be one above the The obvious way to achieve elevation of the craft. Hours have other (i.e.in a vertical line). synchronised video is to include been spent debating the correct Normally the best that can be done synchronised clocks in the percentage “lead”. The novice, with is for the aero CE to be downwind pictures. Just use two GPS no preconceptions but thinking “at of the hydro CE. The CEs and their receivers set to time display. To first thought”, asks why they are not likely lines of action can be drawn synchronise the video, just import in a vertical line WHEN SHOWN on a plan of the craft. When it into a computer and use a video ON THIS SIDE ELEVATION. balance is achieved the lines of edit program to slide the two Some of us have been aware that action will coincide. If they do not, sequences back or forward until the CEs should, as far as possible, a small divergence can be corrected the times match. Superimpose, be one above the other at all times with the rudder. If you consider the then click play! for perfect helm balance. And the forces as pulling at the ends of a Cheers, Dave Howorth correct view to depict this is the (horizontal) rod, then small auto- <[email protected]> PLAN. See AYRS AIRS No 9, matic adjustments in their directions February 1975, page 51 where Joe and magnitude will achieve co- Norwood sketches three proa linearity and balance. This is the configurations IN PLAN and condition for self steering and can illustrates this fundamental truth.