Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 2573-2584

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 10 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Case Study https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.299

Farm and Home Technologies for Women Livelihood Promotion – A Case of KVK, Rudrur, Nizamabad, State

M. Bhavya Manjari1*, C. Padma Veni2 and Venkata Rajkumar3

1Department of Home Science, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur, Telangana, 2Department of Agricultural Extension, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur, Telangana, India 3Department of Horticulture, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur, Telangana, India

*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

Women at Farm and Home contribute to economic growth in developing countries and clearly represent an untapped potential. When women adopt gender sensitive practices they can empower themselves, voice and represent decision making, provide business network, enhance access to market services and facilitate economics of scale. In this connection Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur conducted On Farm Trials on Farm and Home technologies for women in adopted villages to assess and refine for further demonstration.

K e yw or ds For wider dissemination of these technologies and for the promotion of livelihood opportunity for the women, the present study was undertaken with the objectives 1. To Farm and Home Document consolidate feedback of beneficiaries on the results of On Farm Trials (OFT) on Technologies, Farm and Home technologies as Success Stories for wider dissemination and 2. To Livelihood Promotion,

Telangana State propose a strategy for market promotion of Farm and Home technologies as Sustainable women livelihoods. Qualitative feedback was explored and consolidated from the year of Article Info inception of the OFT through Focus Group Discussions, frequent Monitoring Visits and Observations. The beneficiaries include 70 Farm and Home women from 9 KVK adopted Accepted: villages and 40 adolescent girl students of Seed Technology Poly technique College, 18 September 2018 Available Online: Rudrur thus totaling to 110. The Farm and Home technologies were obtained from All 10 October 2018 India Coordinated Research Project, Home Science, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar. Extensive village visits with the help of success stories on Farm and Home technologies resulted in identification of interested and needy women and development of strategy for the promotion of women livelihoods by linking to ATMA, Nizamabad under Support to State Extension Programme in Extension Reforms for financial aid and Certified input dealers and Integrated Child Development

Services (ICDS), Nizamabad for facilitating marketing opportunity. Introduction of broader livelihood strategy often undertaken partially where it is difficult to Women at Farm and Home contribute to separate production and reproduction tasks economic growth in developing countries and and market and non- market work. When clearly represent an untapped potential. For women adopt gender sensitive practices they many rural women, entrepreneurship is a part can empower themselves, voice and represent

2573

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 2573-2584 decision making, provide business network, demonstration stage. But the On Farm Trials enhance access to market services and on Farm and Home technologies conducted by facilitate economics of scale. (FAO, 2010) KVK Rudrur got acceptance for adoption while in the assessment and refine stage itself. Swamy Vivekananda said “Just as a bird Hence for wider dissemination of these could not fly with one wing only, a nation technologies and to promote livelihood would not march forward if women are left opportunity for the women, the present study behind”. Women population constitute half of was undertaken with the following objectives. the total population i.e. 48.5 percent which indicates potential strength of women in the To document consolidate feedback of total human resource in the country. Although beneficiaries on the results of the On Farm women contribute much time and energy to Trials (OFT) on Farm and Home technologies the nation growing their contribution is highly as success stories for wider dissemination. appreciated and scarcely recognized. To propose a strategy for market promotion of Money in the hands of men spend quite Farm and Home technologies as sustainable differently from money in the hands of women livelihoods. women. Cash in the hands of women, often means more nutrition and education for Materials and Methods children. Therefore a women controls the household income the family get benefits Qualitative feedback was explored and hence their economic independence is the consolidated from the year of inception of the need of the hour. OFT through focus group discussions, faculty frequent monitoring visits and observations. The women population in dominates men with 51 percent, that shows The beneficiaries include 70 Farm and Home more strength in terms of district human women from 9 KVK adopted villages and 40 resource but literacy percentage of 52.33 adolescent girl students of Seed Technology emphasize the need for education and Poly technique college, Rudrur thus totaling to economic empowerment. 110. The 9 adopted villages comprises Jalalpur, Laxmapur, Sankora from Varni In this connection Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mandal, Suddulam, Rampur from Kotagiri Rudrur conducted On Farm Trials on Farm Mandal and Kistapur, Thimmapur, Mirzapur, and Home technologies for women in adopted Chincholi from Birkur Mandal of Nizamabad villages to assess and refine for further District. demonstration so as to promote their livelihood opportunities for sustainable The Farm and Home technologies for the On development. Farm Trials include 1. Rolling brush stem applicator in cotton for the management of As a technology development process On sucking pests 2. Use of Protective clothing Farm Trial is conducted for 3 years so as to while spraying chemicals in the field 3. move through assessment, refinement and Supplementation of Pusthi weaning mix to demonstration stages and while making infants of 6 months to 2 years and 4. modifications some technologies get accepted Improvement of hemoglobin through / rejected at assessment stage while some at supplementation of Raagi laddu and refinement and does or does not move to Drumstick leaf powder among adolescent girls

2574

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 2573-2584 which were obtained from All India Presentation of Success Stories Coordinated Research Project, Home Science, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Farm Technologies Agricultural University, Rajendranagar. Extensive village visits were made and Success Story - 1 motivated women for the use of these technologies with the help of documented Successful on farm trial on rolling brush success stories. for stem application in cotton

Identified needy and interested women namely Cotton is grown in Nizamabad district as G. Shilpa, Ph.No: 9963698300, Suddulam commercial crop, which is attacked by a Village; Smt Shabana, Phone. No: number of pests out of which sucking pests 8886820764, Akbarnagar village; V. Padma, cause considerable damage in the initial stage Phone No: 9492649293, Thimmapur village and bollworms in the latter stage of the crop and SHG (Leader Manikyamma), Phone. No: growth. For the control of sucking pests, 9989463164, Akbarnagar village to help them farmers are spraying huge chemical pesticides to promote their livelihood opportunities on in more dosage at more intervals and incurring these technologies and linked to Agriculture more cost. Technology Management Agency (ATMA), Nizamabad under Support to State Extension With a gender mainstreaming perspective in Programmes in Extension Reforms. agriculture men and women farmers need to be focussed and involved equally in all the Further efforts were made, identified and farming operations. Spraying operation by linked women to market Rolling Brushes and men farmer involves more drudgery for Protective Clothes to an elated and women farmer to carry as it is. All India Co- enthusiastic input dealers namely Sri. P. ordinated Research Project (AICRP) FRM Srinivas, Phone No: 9440037925, Balaji Agro department, PG & RC, PJTSAU, Agencies, Kamareddy; Sri. N. Yadagiri, Rajendranagar designed Rolling brush for Phone No: 9490806344, Sri Sai Seeds & stem application in cotton for the control of Pesticides, Lingampet, Nizamabad; Sri. sucking pests as a drudgery reduction Kishan, Phone No: 9440525740, Jai Kisan technology for both men and women on which Seeds & Pesticides, Lingampet, Nizamabad; KVK, Rudrur conducted On Farm Trail during Sri. Saya Goud, Phone No: 9848913098, Uma 2015-16. Maheshwara Fertilizer, Nagireddypet, Nizamabad presently undergoing a Training Basing the feedback from men and women Programme on Diploma in Agriculture farmers that, women experienced safe and Extension for Input Dealers (DAESI) 2016-17 smooth performance while spraying chemical at KVK Rudrur who come forward voluntarily for the control of sucking pests in cotton and to facilitate them for marketing without also seeing and observing the benefits as expecting a single rupee in return. furnished in the table, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur believed in the success of the Similarly linked to Integrated Child technology and identified Smt. G. Shilpa, the Development Services (ICDS), Nizamabad to most needy, economically poor and interested market Raagi laddu, Drumstick leaf powder farm women to start entrepreneurship on and Pushti weaning mix as business Rolling brush marketing for her livelihood facilitators. promotion.

2575

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 2573-2584

Skill teaching on Use of Rolling brush for Demonstration (FLD) but Protective Clothing stem application for control of sucking got acceptance from farmers during pests in Cotton assessment stage itself.

Success Story -2 Seeing and believing the benefits of protective clothing like as experienced by five farmers Protective clothing protects from health namely Gajanand, K. Srinivas Reddy, Sailu, hazards G. Vittal and T. Laxman in all the crops while spraying the chemicals, the neighboring Exposure to chemical pesticides while farmers got attracted and gone for protective spraying in their field has become a major clothing from Kharif 2016 which includes health problem for farmers in Telangana state with a special mention to Nizamabad district. This technology proved technologically Though there is no serious pest attack in the feasible, economically profitable, ecologically field, the farmer in order to reap riches have sustainable and culturally compatible with been using pesticides extensively and as a little refinement by the farmers in adding result is suffering from various ailments. The sunglasses. death case of Y. Venugopal, 22 year old son of Y. Satyanarayana, Retired Senior Assistant Home Technologies of our own Regional Sugar Cane & Rice Research Station (RS&RRS), Rudrur after Success Story -3 inhaling the vapor while spraying chemicals Nuvacron + Dithane M 45 + Baviston in his Pushti - A Secret of Shakti field is pinching to remember even today. A needy woman once upon a time, owns the Majority of the farmer suffer from various small entrepreneurship now for selling Pushti ailments due to spraying of such pesticides weaning mix earning Rs.5000/- per month. such as nausea, vomiting, headache, skin disorders, digestive problems and breathing This is the success story of Smt. K. Padma, problems. They spray chemicals without mother of infant beneficiary of Pushti weaning taking basic safety precautions such as mix from Kistapur village, Birkur Mandal, wearing masks and gloves. Many a times they Nizamabad district. inhale the pesticides while spraying it against the wind direction. Pushti weaning mix is a supplementary food consisting roasted wheat ravva, roasted soya Expressing a concern over farmers, not dal and jaggery with following nutritive values following minimum safety precautions while and child health benefits. spraying pesticides, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur conducted On Farm Trial on Protective The Home Scientist conducted 3 On Farm clothing. Home Scientist, received this Trials during 2011-14 in KVK adopted technology from Home science, All India villages which has gone to Front Line Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) Demonstration during 2014-15 that improved Textiles department, Post Graduate & the health of the infant child significantly after Research Centre, Rajendranagar. Assessing, four months of feeding in terms of gaining and refining of any technology requires three body weight of 1.25 kgs compared to child fed years so as to move to next stage i.e with normal weaning mix.

2576

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 2573-2584

Table.1 Consolidated feedback of Beneficiaries on the use of Rolling brush for spraying chemical

S. No Parameters Result Time required to Chemical dosage Labour spray chemical and charges no. of labour Rolling Brush Less time (6 hours / 250 ml Rs.1500/ • Less time method day- one labour- 3 Monocrotophos/ L/ acre • Less chemical dosage times in a crop acre • Less no. of labour season= 6 hours X 1 • Less investment X 3 = 18 hours • No environment pollution • Only harmful insects getting killed • Physical stress reduction Farmer’s More time (3 hours)- 1 L Monocrotophos Rs.2500/ • More time normal 2 labours- 5 times in /200 L water / acre acre • More chemical dosage practice of crop season= 3h X 2 • More no. of labour Spraying X 5 = 30 hours • More investment • Environment pollution • Both beneficial & harmful insects getting killed

Table.2 Nutritive values and health benefits of Pushti

S. Nutritive values in 100 gms of S. Child Health benefits No Pushti No 1 Calories- 363 1 Good physical development 2 Protein - 18.1g 2 Cognitive development 3 Iron - 6.3 mg 3 Psycho motor skill development 4 Carotene – 136 4 Social development

Table.3 The economics of preparation of Pushti weaning mix

The economics of Pushti weaning mix During 2015-16 Required Cost per For 1 kg Cost of Invested Initial earnings during Increased earnings by March, Ingredients kg pushti each Rupees for the March 2014 2016 by selling 10 kgs preparation product preparation of With 5 kg Pushti @ required for 1 kg 5 kgs pushti 40/- per 100 pkt quantity pushti Wheat rava Rs 55/- 667 gms Rs 37/- Rs. 185/-  50 pkt x40/- = Rs. Due to the demand of the product Soya dal Rs 140/- 166 gms Rs 23/- Rs. 115/- 2000/- she has increase the cost of Jaggary Rs 65/- 167gms Rs 11/- Rs. 55/-  Packing & other packet from Rs.40 to Rs.60/- charges = Rs.100/-  100 pkt x 60/- = 6000/-  Packing & other charges = Rs.200/- Total Rs. 71/- Rs. 355/- Gains = Rs. 2000 – Gains = Rs. 6000 – 710 + 200 = 355 + 100= Rs.1545/- 5190/- *with in 2 yrs she could gain the difference of Rs.3645/-

2577

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 2573-2584

Table.4 Nutritive values and health benefits of Raagi laddu

S. Nutritive values in one (33 S. No Health benefits No gm weight) Raagi laddu 1 Preventing malnutrition and anemia 1. Calcium – 57.4mg 2 Maintaining bone density and health 2. Calories – 23.46 3 Prevalence of diabetes 3. Protein - 1.05g 4 Accelerating wound healing among diabetics 4. Iron – 1.425 mg 5 Anti- microbial property 5. Beta carotene - 7.01µg 6 Anti – cancer potential 6. Total folic acid – 3.05mg 7 Preventing ageing 8 Reduces “bad” cholestrol, prevents 7. Fat – 1.67 gms cardiovascular disease

Table.5 Nutritive values and health benefits of Drumstick leaf powder

S. Nutritive values in 100 gms of S. Health benefits No drumstick leaf powder No 1. Calcium – 2,003 mg 1 Control blood glucose levels 2. Calories- 205 2 Control blood cholesterol levels 3. Protein – 27.1 g 3 Prevents constipation 4. Iron – 28.2 mg 4 Rich in antioxidants 5. Vitamin A- 18.9 mg 5 Anti- inflammatory properties 6. Vitamin C- 17.3 mg 6 Relieve from menstrual pain 7. Riboflavin (B2)-20.5 mg 7 Natural detoxifier 8. Carbohydrates- 38.2 g 8 Beneficial for skin, hair and bones 9. Potassium – 1,324 mg 9 Natural energy booster

Table.6 The economics of preparation of Raagi laddu

S. No Required Cost For 1 kg Cost of Invested Rupees for the Earnings by Ingredients per kg raagi each preparation of 5 kgs selling 5 kgs of laddu product for Raagi laddu Raagi laddu @ preparati 1 kg raagi 15/- per laddu on laddu (30 laddu in 1 required Kg – 150 laddu quantity in 5 kg)

1. Raagulu Rs 35/- 500g Rs. 17.50/- Rs. 88/- Gains =150 X15 2. Ground nut Rs 120/- 125g Rs. 18/- Rs. 90/- /- = 2250 – 503 = 1747/- 3. Jaggary Rs 65/- 375g Rs. 25/- Rs. 125/- Total Rs. 61/- Rs. 303/- Making, Packing & other charges = Rs.200/-

2578

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 2573-2584

Table.7 The economics of Preparation of Drumstick leaf powder

S. Required For 1 kg powder Earnings from March 2016 No Ingredients preparation required With 1 kg drumstick leaf powder @ 50/- per 50gms 20 quantity of drumstick leaves pkts 1. Drumstick 10kgs  20 pkt x 50/- = Rs. 1000/- leaves  Packing & other charges = Rs.100/- Total Gains = Rs. 1000 –100= Rs.900/-

Strategy for market promotion of farm and home technologies as Sustainable women livelihoods

S. No Name of the Name of the Details of Cost of one Cost of total unit Expected Income technology identified women strategy unit 1. Rolling brush G. Shilpa Imparted 200 Rolling 50,000.00 Rs. 6,000.00 W/O G.Gaganan training on Brushes @ Rs. Suddulam, Village, preparation of 250/- per brush Kotagiri Rolling brush mandal,NZB,Dist and obtained the Ph.No: 9963698300 making cost of rolling brush. 2. Protective Shabana. Imparted Rs. 500/- 25,000.00 Rs. 5,000.00 clothing Akbar nagar, training at KVK (50 sets) Rudrur mandal, Rudrur on the NZB preparation of Phone.No: Protective 8886820764 clothing and obtained the cost of making a set of protective clothing 3. Pushti weaning V. Padma, Imparted 500 50,000.00 Rs. 5,000.00 mix Daughter of training at her Pushti Satyanarayana home on the weaning mix Thimmapur, preparation of Pkts (100 Birkur Mandal Pushti weaning grams each) Phone No: mix and for two months 9492649293 obtained business making charges for 10 kg product for 2 months 4. Raagi laddu and Manikyamma, Imparted 50,000.00 50,000.00 Rs. 5,000.00 drumstick leaf Self Help group training to SHG powder leader, on the Akbarnagar preparation of Rudrur mandal, Raagi laddu and NZB drumstick leaf Phone.No: powder 9989463164 TOTAL Rs. 1,75,000 Rs. 21,000.00

2579

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 2573-2584

Protective clothing protects from health hazards

. Getting rid of vomiting & nausea sensation . Head ache . Skin problems . Burning sensations

. Gloves, . Mask, . Apron (white cotton shirt) . Cap  Sun glasses (Farmers Refinement) with their own expenditure.

2580

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 2573-2584 Pushti weaning mix Pushti weaning mix

Distributing pushti at Anganwadi center

Smt. K. Padma, mother of Infant beneficiary of Pushti weaning mix Durga prasad

2581

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 2573-2584

Livelihood Micro enterprises for sustainable Extensive village development of women visits and identification of FINANCIAL AID 1. Smt. G. Shilpa needy women to AND Rolling brush promote livelihood MARKET 2. Smt. Shabana opportunities OPPORTUNI TIES Protective Clothing

Capacity building on 3. V. Padma Pusti Weaning Mix Farm and Home technologies 4. Manikyamma Ragi Laddu and Drumstick leaf Powder

ATMA, KRISHI VIGYAN WOMEN CERTIFIED KENDRA, INPUT DEALERS BENEFICIARIES RUDRUR & ICDS

Figure 1. KVK RUDRUR STRATEGY FOR MARKET PROMOTION OF FARM AND HOMETECHNOLOGIES AS SUSTAINABLE WOMEN LIVELIHOODS

The child health benefits of the Pushti on her Success Story -4 own son and other neighbouring infant beneficiaries motivated Padma positively and Raagi Laddu and Drumstick Leaf Powder drove her to start her own selling unit of Empowered Kamala Pushti at her residence with no extra infrastructure. A passionate mother, Kamala, Rudrur Village who believed the success of On Farm Trial Beginning with selling of 5 kgs of Pushti conducted by Home Scientist KVK Rudrur on weaning mix in 100gms packet @ 40/- each Improvement of haemoglobin level among she has now rose to the occasion to earn adolescent girls through Raagi laddu, income of Rs.5190/- per month by selling 10 Drumstick leaf powder and Iron tablets on her kg pushti and she quotes PUSHTI - A own daughter Supriya, became an SECRET OF SHAKTI. entrepreneur by selling Raagi laddu and Drumstick leaf powder earning 2600/- per As her family is in view of migrating to month. Maharashtra State, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur identified V. Padma to start this During 2013-15 the Home Scientist entrepreneurship. conducted 3 On Farm Trials on Improvement 2582

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 2573-2584 of haemoglobin level among adolescent girls for their livelihood promotion for sustainable through Raagi laddu, Drumstick leaf powder development. and Iron tablets on STP adolescent girls which has gone to Front Line Demonstration Further efforts were made, identified and during 2016-17. These trials resulted in linked women to market Rolling Brushes and improvement of haemoglobin levels and Body Protective Clothes to an elated and Mass Index (BMI) significantly after four enthusiastic input dealers namely Sri. P. months of feeding along with normal diet. Srinivas, Phone No: 9440037925, Balaji Agro Agencies, Kamareddy; Sri. N. Yadagiri, Raagi laddu is supplemented for control of Phone No: 9490806344, Sri Sai Seeds & anemia with following nutritive values and Pesticides, Lingampet, Nizamabad; Sri. health benefits. Kishan, Phone No: 9440525740, Jai Kisan Seeds & Pesticides, Lingampet, Nizamabad; Drumstick leaf powder is supplemented for Sri. Saya Goud, Phone No: 9848913098, Uma control of anemia with following nutritive Maheshwara Fertilizer, Nagireddypet, values and health benefits. Nizamabad presently undergoing a Training Programme on Diploma in Agriculture Kamala, realizing the health benefits started Extension for Input Dealers (DAESI) 2016-17 her own enterprise on making and selling of at KVK Rudrur who come forward Raagi laddu and drumstick leaf powder voluntarily to facilitate them for marketing earning Rs. 2600/- per month. without expecting a single rupee in return. Similarly linked Integrated Child “She says this small enterprise economically Development Services (ICDS), Nizamabad to empowered me to support my family income”, women to market Raagi laddu, drumstick leaf while expressing in her inability to continue powder and Pushti weaning mix as business this business due to personal reasons. Hence, facilitators. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur identified Self Help Group, Akbarnagar to promote this Building an enabling environment for technology. women’s entrepreneurship for livelihood promotion is the need of hour. Given that, the Strategy for market promotion of farm and factors limits women entrepreneurship are home technologies as sustainable women manifold and intertwined, integrated measures livelihoods are needed to realize rural women entrepreneurs potential to promote business Programme Coordinator along with Home avenues. In this direction Krishi Vigyan Scientist extensively visited the villages to Kendra, Rudrur exerted efforts to disseminate motivate Farm and Home women on the Farm and Home technologies with the use of above technologies with the help of success documented success stories and integrate stories and identified few interested and women livelihood promotion by technological needy women to start entrepreneurship by upgradation from the Institution (Krishi themselves as their livelihood promotion as Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur) and linking to shown in the below table. ATMA, Nizamabad for financial aid and Certified input dealers and ICDS, Nizamabad Linked to ATMA under the component of for market opportunities. The study helped Support to State Extension Programme in KVK Rudrur to emerge out with a successful Extension Reforms for the financial support model for women livelihood promotion.

2583

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(10): 2573-2584

References Nizamabad district population census, 2011. Population statistics census, 2011. Gender and rural employment policy Brief, 2010. Rural women’s entrepreneurship is “good business”! FAO study

How to cite this article:

Bhavya Manjari, M., C. Padma Veni and Venkata Rajkumar. 2018. Farm and Home Technologies for Women Livelihood Promotion – A Case of KVK, Rudrur, Nizamabad, Telangana State. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(10): 2573-2584. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.299

2584