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Study of Pre Released Sugarcane Genotypes for Agronomic Traits And Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2021; 10(1): 1928-1930 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 www.phytojournal.com Study of pre released sugarcane genotypes for JPP 2021; 10(1): 1928-1930 Received: 13-11-2020 agronomic traits and sugar yield Accepted: 16-12-2020 Firdoz Shahana Firdoz Shahana, Dr. Y Bharathi, Dr. T Prabhakar Reddy and Dr. B Professor, Jayashankar Joseph Telangana State Agricultural University, Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Abstract Rudrur, Nizamabad District, Study pertaining to agronomic evaluation of ten pre released sugarcane genotypes was conducted at Telangana, India RS&RRS, Rudrur, PJTSAU, Telangana state during rabi 2016-17.Genotypes 2009 R 74, 2010 R 854, 2011 R 274, 2011 R 24, 97 R 401, 2011 R 1, 2011 R 305, 2011 R 327, 2011 R 47, and 2010 R 175 were Dr. Y Bharathi studied for yield attributes, cane yield and sugar yield in comparison to popular variety 93 V 297. Professor, Jayashankar Experiment was conducted in randomized block design with genotypes as treatments replicated thrice. Telangana State Agricultural Genotypes 2011 R 274 recorded higher cane length (323.3 cm) cane girth (1.4 cm) single cane weight University, Regional Sugarcane (2.0 kg) and higher number of total internodes (22nos) and was significantly superior over 93V297. Due and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, Nizamabad District, to higher yield attributes significantly higher cane yield of 168 tons/ha was recorded with 2011 R 274, Telangana, India while 93V297 recorded cane yield of 101 tons/ha. Sucrose % and CCS yield was also superior with 2011 R 274 with 21.9% sucrose and 25.78 t/ha sugar yield. Dr. T Prabhakar Reddy Professor, Jayashankar Keywords: cane yield, sucrose %, sugar yield and CCS yield Telangana State Agricultural University, Regional Sugarcane Introduction and Rice Research Station, Sugarcane is an important commercial crop of the country occupying around 3.8 million Rudrur, Nizamabad District, Telangana, India hectares of land with an annual cane production of around 270 million tonnes. That is, it occupies about 2.8% of the cultivated land area and contributes about 7.5 % to the agricultural Dr. B Joseph production in the country. About 35 million farmers grow and depend on sugarcane for their Professor, Jayashankar livelihood. And an equal number of agricultural labourers earn their living by working in Telangana State Agricultural sugarcane farms. It contributes significantly to the socio economic development of the nation. University, Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, The yield gap in sugarcane varies from region to region and technology to technology and Rudrur, Nizamabad District, ranges from 13.95 to 201.95 t/ha in Tropical region and from 4.95 to 53.45 t/ha in sub-tropical Telangana, India region(Status paper on sugarcane) Hence improving productivity of sugarcane is most needed concern in present context of sugarcane cultivation. Assessment and refinement of agro- techniques for sustainable farming system and management of sugarcane under late planting situation is most important factor for enhancing sugarcane productivity. In addition to other factors contributing to increased sugarcane production, use of high yielding varieties plays a remarkable role (Ahmad, 1990) [1]. Adoption of improved varieties not only increases cane tonnage per hectare but also enhances sugar production. Since yield potential of varieties in hand is deteriorating day by day due to segregation, susceptibility to diseases, insects admixture and changes in edaphic and climatic environments, it is essential to select the varieties with high yield potential and wide range of adaptability. The present day sugar cane varieties (S. officinarum) have been the subject of many improvements. The original S. spontaneum and S. robustum were replaced by S. barberi and S. sinense, but were themselves ousted later by S. officinarum or noble cane (Terry, 2000) [7]. Generally, sugarcane is a tall perennial crop that tillers at the base, grows three to four meters tall and about five cm in diameter (Singh, 2003). However, selection for high yield is made difficult because yield per unit area is the end product of the combined effects of several characters, which are polygenic in inheritance and thus are highly influenced by environment. Therefore, only little progress could be made over along span of time through direct selection for yield (Ford, 1964) [2] . This selection criterion takes into account the information on interrelationship among Corresponding Author: agronomic characters, their relationship with yield as well as their direct influence on sugar Firdoz Shahana yield. Development of the varieties capable of giving higher cane yield, sugar recovery along Professor, Jayashankar with field stability help bringing out enhancement in sugarcane productivity Telangana State Agricultural University, Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Materials and Methods Rudrur, Nizamabad District, The proposed study was conducted on a sandy-clay loam soil at Regional Sugarcane and Rice Telangana, India Research Station- Rudrur, Nizamabad, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural ~ 1928 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry http://www.phytojournal.com University, Telangana during rabi 2016. Genotypes 2009 R No. of millable canes per unit area is the major yield 74, 2010 R 854, 2011 R 274, 2011 R 24, 93 V 297, 97 R 401, component of sugarcane and contributes 70% towards cane 2011 R 1, 2011 R 305, 2011 R 327, 2011 R 47 2010 R 175 & yield. Genotypes 2011R274 recorded significantly higher 85R186 were studied. The experiment was laid out in number of millable canes 94‘000 ha1 by 2010R175‘000 ha1. Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. Experimental These two genotypes were on par with each other and area consisted of 20 rows of 20m length of each variety. Main significantly superior over other genotypes objective of the study was to compare sugarcane genotypes for cane and sugar yield with popular variety 93V297 most Cane length: In sugarcane, cane length is important yield popular among farming community in Telangana state. contributing factor and is controlled by both genetic and Genotypes were planted at spacing of 150 cm between rows. environmental factors. It is a good predictor of plant biomass Recommended dose of fertilizer was applied uniformly to all at all stages of growth.. Among the varieties studied, treatments. All other agronomic practices were kept uniform significantly higher cane length was recorded with 2011R274 for all the treatments throughout the growing period. For data (323.3 cm) followed by 2009R74 (281 cm). These two collection, 10 normal plants from each treatment were varieties were statistically similar and significantly higher selected for various parameters, number of millable cane, over other varieties. Least cane length was recorded with cane length (m), cane girth(cm), number of inter-nodes per 2011R 47 (208.3 cm) cane & single cane weight (kg).The shoot population i.e., number of millable canes were counted at harvest and were Cane girth: Genotypes 2011R 274, 2011R24 & 2011R1 expressed in thousands per hectare (‘000 ha1). Plant height produced thicker canes with significantly higher cane girth was measured from the base of the plant to the top fully value of 1.4cm. They were significantly superior to other opened leaf of the main shoot at harvest. Number of nodes on genotypes. the main shoot was counted at harvest. Measurements were taken from the main shoots and average node number per Single cane weight: Among all genotypes studied, 2011R274 plant was expressed. Cane girth was determined using vernier recorded significantly higher single cane weight of 2.0 kg calipers. followed by 2011R24. Least single cane weight was recorded The soil of the experimental site was sandy clay loam with with 2009R74 (1.1kg) and 93V 297 (1.3kg) low in nitrogen, high in phosphorus and potassium availability. Total inter node number: Total number of internodes were Brix refers to the total solids content present in the juice higher with 2011R274, 93V297 and 2011R1 (22nos) followed expressed in percentage. Brix includes sugars as well as non- by 2010R854, 2011R24 and 2011R305 (21nos).These sugars. It was taken by measuring the brix (total soluble genotypes were at par with each other and superior to other solids) in the cane in laboratory using a hydrometer. Five genotypes. canes per samples were obtained for estimation of brix percentage. Both brix and temperature reading were noted. Cane & sugar (ccs) yield: Sugarcane yield is a function of Then, corrected brix % was calculated using a Schmitz table the number and the weight of individual millable stalks. Cane for a particular temperature. yield was significantly influenced by genotypes. Genotypes Sucrose (%) is the actual sugar present in the juice. 2011R274 recorded significantly higher cane yield of 168 t/ha Polarimeter is used for its determining. Cane juice was followed by 2010R175 (164 t/ha). These two genotypes were augmented with 1.5 g lead acetate and filtered. The filtered on par with each other The higher number of millable canes juice was then placed in a tube in a polarimeter. The reading with these genotypes should have resulted in a more taken was polarized sugar % yield (t ha-1), sucrose content pronounced difference in cane yield. Similar trend was (%) & sugaryield were recorded. observed for sugar yield 2011R274 (25.78 t/ha) & 2010R175 Cane yield (t ha-1) data was taken by weighing the cane (23.73 t/ha) followed
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