COLOMBIA on the PATH to a KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY Reflections and Proposals Volumen 1 E O Urib
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COLOMBIA ON THE PATH TO A KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY Reflections and proposals Volumen 1 e o Urib ederic COLOMBIA - 2019 Artista: F COLOMBIA ON THE PATH TO A KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY Reflections and proposals Volume 1 © Vicepresidencia de la República de Colombia © Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación First edition, 2020 Printed ISBN: 978-958-5135-22-2 Digital ISBN: 978-958-5135-23-9 Printed ISBN (Spanish version): 978-958-5135-12-3 Digital ISBN (Spanish version): 978-958-5135-13-0 Collection Misión Internacional de Sabios 2019 Editors Clemente Forero Pineda Moisés Wasserman Tim Andreas Osswald Translator Tiziana Laudato Collection design and cover leonardofernandezsuarez.com Layout Leonardo Fernández Suárez Selva Estudio SAS Bogotá, D. C., Colombia, 2020 COLOMBIA ON THE PATH TO A KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY Reflections and proposals Volume 1 COMMISSIONERS Biotechnology, Bioeconomy Sustainable Energy and the Environment Juan Benavides Estévez-Bretón, Silvia Restrepo, coordinator coordinator Cristian Samper Angela Wilkinson (United Kingdom) Federica di Palma (United Kingdom) Eduardo Posada Flórez Elizabeth Hodson José Fernando Isaza Mabel Torres Creative and Cultural Industries Esteban Manrique Reol (Spain) Edgar Puentes, coordinator Michel Eddi (France) Ramiro Osorio Ludger Wessjohann (Germany) Camila Loboguerrero Germán Poveda Jaramillo Lina Paola Rodríguez Fernández Basic and Space Sciences Carlos Jacanamijoy Moisés Wasserman Lerner, coordinator Alfredo Zolezzi (Chile) Carmenza Duque Beltrán Oceans and Water Resources Serge Haroche (France, Nobel Prize) Andrés Franco Herrera, coordinator Ana María Rey Ayala Weildler Antonio Guerra Curvelo Antonio Julio Copete Villa Jorge Reynolds Pombo Social Science and Human Juan Armando Sánchez Development with Equity Sabrina Speich (France) Clemente Forero Pineda, coordinator Convergent Technologies Nano, Ana María Arjona Info and Cogno Industries 4.0 Sara Victoria Alvarado Salgado María del Pilar Noriega E., coordinator William Maloney (United States) Jean Paul Allain Stanislas Dehaene (France) Tim Andreas Osswald Johan Schot (Netherlands) Orlando Ayala Kyoo Sung Noh (South Korea) Coordinator of coordinators Life and Health Sciences Clemente Forero Pineda Juan Manuel Anaya, coordinator Nubia Muñoz Isabelle Magnin (France) Rodolfo Llinás Jorge Reynolds Alejandro Jadad RAPPORTEURS, TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS AND SUPPORT TEAM Biotechnology, Social Sciences and Creative and Convergent Bioeconomy and Human Development Cultural Industries Technologies Nano, the Environment with Equity Technical Secretariat – Info and Cogno Technical Department - Technical Secretariat- Universidad Pontificia Industries 4.0 Universidad de los Andes, Universidad del Rosario, Javeriana, Office of the Technical Secretariat – Office of the Vice-President School of Human Sciences Vice-President for Research Universidad EAFIT and for Research Stéphanie Lavaux Oscar Hernández Salgar Universidad del Norte Silvia Restrepo Carlos Gustavo Patarroyo María Catalina Rodríguez Mauritius Perfetti María Fernanda Mideros María Martínez Luisa Fernanda Zorrilla Javier Paez Saavedra Claudia Carolina Caballero Rapporteurs Rapporteur Rapporteurs Laguna Juliana Valdés Pereira Eliécer Arenas Monsalve Mónica Lucía Álvarez Guy Henry Edgar Sánchez Cuevas Oceans and Water Lainez Elías David Niño Rapporteur Paula Juliana Guevara Resources Mission Technical Martin Ramirez Posada Technical Secretariat - Secretariat Basic and Space Life and Health Universidad del Valle and Cristina Garmendia and Sciences Sciences Universidad Jorge Tadeo Science & Innovation Link Technical Secretariat- Technical Secretariat- Lozano Office (SILO) Universidad Nacional de Universidad de Antioquia Jaime Ricardo Cantera Colombia Pablo Patiño Rapporteurs Jairo Alexis Rodríguez López Rapporteurs Francisco de Paula Hernando Guillermo Sara Valencia Gutiérrez Gaitán Duarte Gabriela Puentes Enrique Peña Liliana Pulido Báez Sustainable Energy Carlos Edwin Gómez Rapporteur César Augusto Ruiz Technical Secretariat- Diego Alejandro Torres Universidad Industrial de Galindo Santander Rapporteur Dionysius Laverde Support professional Dooglas Ochoa one Manifesto: Towards a knowledge-based P15 society for the next generation two P23 The Mission’s scope: Agreement for a Colombia at the forefront of knowledge Colombia Today: Progress on vulnerable foundations p27 A theory of change based on STI investment p28 Cross-cutting proposals p29 Increasing and managing funding p29 Effective governance of the SNCTI and functions of the STI Ministry p30 Support for missions and centers p31 Support for education p31 An agreement to develop and leverage STI p32 three P35 Context and emphasis The context of the Mission p37 The national context and the role of knowledge in the country’s development p39 The current state of culture, science, technology, innovation and education in Colombia: Modern strategies to improve their impact p46 Reviewing the role of universities and their interrelationship with the country’s problems p46 Integration of new knowledge production and new technology production p47 The role of knowledge in Colombia’s future p51 Justification for the selection of the eight pillars. The relationship between the pillars and the disciplines and techniques p56 ContentThe systemic approach of the proposed interventions p59 four P63 Reflections and general proposals Science, technology and innovation in knowledge production: The central and irreplaceable role of science p65 The creation of centers or institutes that serve as an interface between science and society p71 Education, development and social transformation p73 Universal access to education and comprehensive early childhood care p77 Universal access to secondary and middle education and its diversification p79 The arts as a tool for personal development and consolidating diversity p80 The development of social-emotional skills as a central goal of the educational system p81 Restructuring of the Teacher Training System: Higher Institute for Research in Education and Advanced Teacher Training and Sub- regional Networks of Centers of Innovation in Education. p81 New educational texts and content p84 Complementary proposals p85 Governance of science, technology and innovation p90 The National System of Science, Technology and Innovation (SNCTI) p90 Structure of the STI Ministry p92 Missions and centers to design programs and focus spending p93 Regional Innovation Systems (SRI) p94 The actors: State, private sector, third sector, educational institutions, communities p95 Proposals p100 Universities in the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation p102 General open data policy p106 Policy for research centers and institutes p109 International Background p109 National Background p119 National policy developments for research centers and institutions p127 Summary of problems identified in policies for science, Contenttechnology and innovation centers and institutes p133 Policy proposals p135 Reinforcing the scientific ecosystem by integrating public STI institutes p138 Flagship Initiative: National Creative Incubator Network p144 Financing p150 Funding STI in Colombia p150 Some international experiences of STI financing p152 Financing rules and STI programs, the risks of public investment p153 Theory of change and general STI program structure p154 Uses and sources of payment in STI p156 The relationship between basic science and innovation p157 What is the role of industry funding and what should be done with the royalties? p157 Order of magnitude of investments and allocation of uses and sources p158 Combined finance and other financing instruments p160 2017 International Amsterdam Water Week p162 The role of knowledge in regional development and the articulation of local knowledge and development initiatives p165 The international dimension of knowledge: Networks, diaspora, collaborations p171 The social appropriation of knowledge p175 Proposals for communication - dissemination - culture p175 Failures and necessary changes in policy formation and implementation p182 General framework of action for the development of STI p183 Reduction of regulatory barriers to the Contentdevelopment of science in Colombia p187 five P203 Reflections on each area of the Mission’s pillars and proposals for reform Reflections of the Bioeconomy, Biotechnology and the Environment pillar and proposals for reform p205 Context p206 Scope p207 Regionalization p208 Internationalization p209 Proposals and actions p209 Reflections of the Basic and Space Sciences pillar and proposals for reform p217 Context and Scope p217 State of the field of Basic Sciences in Colombia p218 Proposals and calls for funding p219 Relationship to other pillars p223 Specific project to support areas where the country is behind in terms of development p224 Reflections of the Social Sciences and Human Development with Equity pillar and proposals for reform p226 Context and emphasis p226 Goal p226 Proposals and calls for funding p227 Relationship with proposals from other pillars p236 Reflections of the Life and Health Sciences pillar and proposals for reform p237 Context and scope p237 State-of-the-art of health and wellbeing STI in Colombia p238 Proposal p239 Program lines p240 Reflections of the Sustainable Energy pillar and proposals for reform p248 Public policy in STI for sustainable energy p248 Global trends p250 Colombia in Energy p251 Colombia in STI for energy p253 ContentRecommendations p254 Reflections of the Creative and Cultural Industries pillar and