ISSN 1759-5460

A Forum for Vegan Opinion No. 116 Autumn/Winter 2008 £1

In this Issue: 4 Books 8 Can Britain Feed Itself? 12 Recipes 5 Is Nature Cruel 10 Vegan Organic Growing 13 Vegans in your Area 6 Miss Monroe 11 Letters 16 Turning the Page on 2008

Animal groups Arkangel An magazine. £10 www.vcac.vegfolk.co.uk. The Vegan Runners for 4 issues inc. p&p. Arkangel, BCM 9240, Group has vests and shorts available (black Viva!, 8 York Court, Wilder Street, Bristol BS2 WC1N 3XX. info*AT*arkangelweb.org. with green band, name on both sides). Join 8QH. Tel: 0117 944 1000. www.viva.org.uk. The Welsh Vegan is a quarterly magazine in VC&AC e-mail list. Independent of VC&AC at Publishes the magazine Viva!Life quarterly. Welsh and English. Annual subscription £4.50 present but affiliated to the sport's governing They are very animal oriented and are good for from Bronyr Ysgol, Montpellier, Llandridnod bodies. www.veganrunners.makessense.co.uk. teenagers and young people. Wells, Powys. Animal Aid. Web: www.animalaid.org.uk. Vegan communities Growing Green International is published by PETA. Web: www.peta-online.org. Vegan Organic Network. See page 17. Web: Tolstoyan Community Espouses Anarchism, Veggies Directory also known as the Animals www.veganorganic.net. Pacifism and . 59 Chapel Road, Ramsgate, Kent CT11 OBS. Contact Directory aims to encourage mutual The Green Queen Twice yearly lesbian, gay, support and communications between the many bisexual, vegan & veggie mag. K Bell, Green Vegan shops groups and individuals working for Queen, PO Box BM 5700 London WC1N 3XX. Vegonia Wholefoods, 49 High Street, and welfare, as well as those working to protect Vegan Voice Quarterly Australian magazine. Porthmadog, North Wales. Tel: 01766 515195. the environment. Provides a means of groups to Promotes a non-violent way of living beneficial Sells only vegan products. make contact and co-ordinate their work. See to the planet, all animals and human health. www.veggies.org.uk/acd. Unicorn Grocery, 89 Albion Rd, Chorlton, Credit card facilities available, approx £18 for 4 Manchester, M21 0BN. Tel 0161 8610010. Web: Animals Count - a political party to help create issues (ie 1 year) PO Box 30, Nimbin, www.unicorn-grocery.co.uk. a better world for people and animals. NSW2480, Australia. Web: http://veganic.net. www.animalscount.org. PO Box 51250 London One Earth Shop, 54 Allison St, Digbeth, Realfood Campaigns Available by subscription SE11 4NU. Email info*AT*animalscount.org. Birmingham, B5 5TH. Tel: 0121 6326909. of £8 for 6 editions. Contact Realfood, PO Box Vegan owners. Charities 339, Wolverhampton WV10 7BZ. Web: Sound Bites, 11 Morledge, Derby, DE1 2AW. HIPPO (Help International Plant Protein www.realfood.org.uk. 01332 291369. Wholefoods, eco cleaning Organisation) supports projects overseas that Projects products (discounted refills available when you produce and supply food for the hungry. We Ancient Woodland Project a 29-acre bring back your empties), locally grown organic also finance an orphanage in Kenya, the digging woodland near Scarborough, run by a Vegan veg, mini-café and deli. Free online quarterly of wells in Ethiopia, and street feeding in Views subscriber who wants to convert it back magazine. www.soundbitesderby.org.uk. Nigeria. Donations (cheques payable to 'HIPPO' into a native woodland. Details: Louisa 01723 Website design/hosting all enquiries to HIPPO, Churchfield House, 514525 or 07748 101117. Web: Weston under Penyard, Ross-on-Wye HR9 Local Veggie Web (LVW) lets you create and www.woodlandproject.org.uk. 7PA. Email: hippocharity*AT*aol.com. host your own veggie campaigning website, is VEGFAM "Feeds the Hungry Without Exploiting Religion + spiritual free to use, requires no web design knowledge Animals". Registered Charity No. 232208. Kindness Unlimited is a fellowship of and requires no software installation. Free Established 1963. Helping people to help vegetarians and vegans united in their faith in technical support provided. Details: www.lvw.makessense.co.uk. themselves by funding sustainable projects: Jesus Christ and desire to live compassionately vegetable growing, fruit and nut tree planting, for the benefit of people and animals. Those water wells. Emergency feeding in times of who join receive a list of other members to Subscriptions crisis and disaster. Vegfam helps people who enable them to communicate with one another All future subscriptions should be sent to Knut are often out of reach of other help. Please by letter, email or by meeting. Some who Caspari in Scotland (cheques payable to Knut support their work. Tel: 01550 721197. thought they were the only vegetarian/vegans in Caspari) and NOT to Harry Mather in www.vegfamcharity.org.uk. their area have discovered new friends living Bournemouth. Any cheques received by Harry Hillfields Animal Sanctuary near Bromsgrove, near them. A newsletter is available by post or Mather will be passed on. Harry Mather still has West Midlands, has 300 mouths to feed. Owner email. to which members are invited to a few copies of VV115 available for £1 each desperately needs help, practical and financial. contribute. More information: Kindness including postage. Please Contact Lyn on 0121 445 3828 or visit Unlimited, Churchfield House, Weston under Future subscriptions will last for 4 issues. The www.hillfields-animal-sanctuary.com. Penyard, Ross-on-Wye, HR9 7PA. Email cover price will be 2 pounds. The relaunch issue Family + children KindnessU*AT*aol.com will be published in February 2009. Followers of the Way Founded by Antony UK 4 x £2 plus 50p p&p. Total £10. Vegan Families Contacts List for families Bates (1920-1996). A group of friends who are wishing to bring up their children the vegan way. vegetarian/vegan, and pacifist in relation to war. Europe 4 x £2 plus £1 p&p. Total £12. Send name & address and dates of birth of They aim to cultivate the inner life and to Rest of world 4 x £2 plus £1.50 p&p. Total £14. children and an SAE, to Family Contacts List, 21 express this through works of reform and Hylton Street, Hockley, Birmingham. B18 6HJ. Send orders to: Vegan Views, Longridge, creativity. They proclaim the Christ has returned Bankend Rd, Dumfries, DG1 4TP. Or phone Contact Network for measles, mumps, rubella, and anticipate the return of the prophets. Mobile 01387 265 348 if you have any questions. for families who would prefer children to catch 07742-601166. Box 39/2, Viva!, 8 York Court, If you would like to write something, please do, childhood diseases and gain natural immunity Wilder Street, Bristol BS2 8QH instead of the MMR vaccination. To go on list to then send your articles, letters, drawings etc. to Veg4Lent This campaign is active each year in the address above before 1/2/09. or email: notify of cases, call Lesley on 020 8941 8075. promoting the benefits of ethical Email: Lesley*AT*vegan4life.org.uk. sjolberg*AT*online.no amongst Christians. For further information on Vegan Family House Website of a vegan this year's initiative, see www.veg4lent.org, or Back issues cost 50p each or 8 for £3. (Prices family living in NE Scotland. Recipes, info on contact: Veg4lent, Pines Road, Liphook GU30 include postage within the UK - contact us for veganism and bringing up vegan children. 7PL. Tel. 01428 723747. extra postage cost to addresses outside UK.) www.veganfamily.co.uk. Printing + resources 115 Space Cowboys Fruitarian + raw food 114 Cultured Meat Footprint Workers Co-operative, 40 113 Buddhism and Meat-Eating The Fruitarian/Raw Food Centre of London Sholebroke Avenue, Leeds LS7 3HB. Very (100% vegan) in Barnet offers weekend 112 Meat - Blessing or Curse? reasonably priced, very ethically based, all 111 Cows' milk workshops and consultations on the raw energy paper is re-cycled. Tel: 0113 262 4408. Web: lifestyle, fasting, preparation of recipes, etc. 110 Classical Homeopathy www.footprinters.co.uk. 109 Trees for Africa Guidance for safe, reliable weight control and Sunrise Screenprint, tel: 01356 660430. Web: bodybuilding. Discussion of philosophy, ethics, 108 Vaccinations / In mem of Frieden Howard www.menmuir.org.uk/sunrise. The owners are 107 - in Memory reference to religion, ecology, etc. Ring 020 vegan, environmental, and print on fair trade 8446 2960 or 020 8441 6253 for details. 106 Sheep Problems organic cotton T-shirts. Retail/wholesale and 105 Vegan Fuel Go Fruitarian (www.fresh-network.com) - for custom printed. 104 Arthur Ling - In memory details send SAE to The FRESH Network, PO Community Print Resources (CPR) CPR is a 103 Looking Round Manchester Box 71, Ely, Cambridgeshire CB7 4GU. collectively managed print workshop and 102 Our Prehistoric Diet Fruitarianism Our original and ultimate diet. resource centre for Nottingham's campaign 100 Vegan Views: The early years Free information, send large SAE to John community sponsored by Veggies Catering' 99 No More Fish Rhodes, 2 Hillside Park, Totnes Road, Paignton, See: www.veggies.org.uk/cpr. 98 Food co-ops Devon TQ4 7QB. Sport 97 Interview with Steve Walsh Magazines 96 Interview with Karin Ridgers Vegetarian Cycling and Athletic Club Open to 95 Interview with Liz Cook The Vegan is published by . vegans of any sporting ability. Details: Peter Send your name + address + payment to: Harry (See page 17). Simpson, 13 Peers Lane, Shenley, Church End, Mather, Flat A15, 20 Dean Park Road, Viva!Life published by Viva! www.viva.org.uk. Milton Keynes MK5 6BG. Tel 01908 530919. Bournemouth, BH1 1JB, UK. 2 Vegan Views Vegan Views From the editor... Editor Harry Mather The Future of Vegan when living in a small vegan community in London. It was first known as The Vegan Magazine layout + Web site Views Newsletter. It was typed and duplicated with John Curtis As previously announced, this is the last the help of visiting volunteers who also issue of Vegan Views to be edited by Harry helped to send it out. After a few years it Front cover picture Mather, but this does not mean the end of was taken over by Valerie Alferoff and "Cruelty-Free Fun" by Ruth Lewis. Vegan Views as a printed magazine. Knut David Barrett in Lancashire. They gave it a (Tim) Caspari, a Norwegian living in cover page and had it printed. Dumfries, Scotland, who has experience of Post address After seven years they retired and left it with Vegan Views, producing magazines, is taking over Malcolm Horne who found that he could not Flat A15, production. carry on alone. In 1986, he asked for 20 Dean Park Road, The website will still be controlled by John Bournemouth, someone to take over and Harry Mather BH1 1JB. Curtis at www.veganviews.org.uk but all decided to give it a try. He took typed sheets future emails should be sent to: to a local printer and kept the magazine Website: www.veganviews.org.uk sjolberg*AT*online.no going in this old fashioned way. Marijke McCartney still helped out in doing the Email: editor*AT*veganviews.org.uk All future subscriptions should be sent to: lettering and Malcolm Horne helped out (replace *AT* with @) Vegan Views, Longridge, Bankend Road, with a word processor. Dumfries DG1 4TP. Printed by: I remember pioneer vegans who contributed Footprint Workers Co-op, Leeds. Tel: See enclosed letter and instructions for interesting articles to V.V.: Leah Leneman, 0113 262 4408. subscription renewal. Wilfred Crone, Frances Howard and Frieden www.footprinters.co.uk Knut is dedicated to spreading the vegan Howard. Sadly, we also printed their message through increasing sales of Vegan obituaries. Copyright Views. He hopes a colourful cover will Now Knut Caspari is planning to provide a If quoting from this magazine, please attract more buyers and sell more in shops, colour cover and attract many more sales to acknowledge the source and do not where he hopes to draw in more buyers, spread the vegan message to a wider number distort the sense. The sign © shows that some of whom will become regular of people. the author reserves copyright on that subscribers. The brighter cover results in a article. much greater cost, but if you buy two copies Please support the future of Vegan Views.

(at a more favourable price) and sell one to a Colour printing is much more costly, but you Vegan Views is independent of the friend, you will save yourself money. Knut can save on your subscription by buying Vegan Society but shares its aims. It already has been promised articles by two(or more) and selling to friends. was started in 1975 by a group of advertising in Vegan Village website, but vegans who wanted to make contact more are needed. By Harry Mather with others interested in creating a more harmonious way of living based Vegan Views was started in 1975 by on veganism, and to communicate Malcolm Horne and Marijke McCartney more informally than could be done in the official journal of the Vegan Society. It realises that many vegans feel isolated from society and Events appreciate contact with, and news and 6 Dec National March for Climate 13 Dec East Midlands Vegan Festival at opinions of, other vegans. Change 12 noon Hyde Park (Tube Marble the Council House, on Nottingham's Old Arch). Be part of a mobilisation of Market Square. 11am-5pm. Free entry. The We rely on readers' contributions and veg/vegans. Vegetarianism/veganism is the Festival features food, clothing, toiletries, welcome letters, articles, news, solution to many of the catastrophes facing cosmetics, gift and campaign stalls, as well events, drawings and constructive the planet - it's time to tell the world! Please as vegan food samples and advice. criticism - and try to print all that is bring leaflets, placards, banners, costumes, relevant and of interest in the 13 Dec Wiltshire Vegan Fayre. 10am - props and your friends. Transport is magazine. If you don't want your letter 5pm at St Peters Church, High Street, available from across the UK. published please make this clear when Marlborough, Wiltshire. Information stalls, www.ecoveggie.org.uk. writing. free food samples, films and more. 6 Dec South-West Christmas Without We expect to publish quarterly, but 15 Feb Southampton Seed Swap. 10am - Cruelty Fayre 10am-4:30pm at Exeter Corn have no fixed publication date, so write 4pm at Woolston Community Centre, Exchange (formerly St George's Hall), St early to be included in the next issue. Church Road/Weston Grove Road, George Street, Exeter, EX1 1BU. Free entry. Woolston, Southampton, SO19 9EP. Bring Please share your news and your This is the second South West Christmas seeds to swap. Plenty of vegan snacks + ideas with us. Drawings, book reviews Cruelty Fayre organised by Animal Aid. drinks. www.octoberbooks.org/seedswap and recipes also welcome. Includes fair trade clothing, handmade

chocolates, cruelty-free cosmetics and make- March 2009 Veggie Month If you are not One man's meat up and renewable energy products. There already vegetarian, Animal Aid challenges will also be delicious vegetarian food you to take the veggie pledge for a week. If courtesy of innovative local caterers Happy you are already veggie... go vegan! is another Cow. www.animalaid.org.uk. man's 22-25 July 2009 12th International Visit www.veggies.org.uk/calendar.htm for the Vegan Festival, Rio de Janeiro. starvation latest vegan and animal events. www.svb.org.br/12veganfestival/english

Vegan Views 3 A Living Miracle She includes a number of recipes based on Society. Good infant nutritional advice from raw foods some simulating conventional Sandra Hood, a state registered dietician. By Pat Reeves. Published by Pathfinder meals. Paperbacks, Richmondhill Place, Aberdeen, The Vegan Passport £3.99. ISBN Scotland AB15 5ET, 2008. ISBN0 9542448 2 The author's vivacious personality comes 0907337309. Published by The Vegan 6. Available from: www.foodalive.org. convincingly through in this book. She Society. A pocket Guide in 56 languages believes that a higher power has kept her explaining what vegans eat and do not eat. alive and fit enough to help more people Growing Green - Techniques for a achieve health but her advice is very much Sustainable Future by Jenny Hall and Iain down to earth. She is certainly an inspiration Tolhurst. £18.99. ISBN 095522508. that cannot be denied. Published by The Vegan Organic Network You can find some of her recipe ideas on the (available from October Books). Growing Recipes Page of this issue. fruit and veg without animal manures, blood fish & bone, etc. Pat Reeves improved her dead-lift World Record in Belgium in early October. Vegetarian Guides publishes a number of useful restaurant + B&B/Hotel guides: She says her book is selling well and should Vegetarian Britain 2006, Vegetarian London soon be in every Cancer Support Centre. 2008, Vegetarian Europe, Vegetarian HM France. Details: www.vegetarianguides.co.uk.

Animal-Free Shopper 8th Edition (2008) £4.99. ISBN 0907337317. Published by The Vegan Have a Meat Free Day Society. with Provamel and Help Protect the Planet! Recent media reports have highlighted that if we all had just one meat free day of food a week it would be more beneficial for the environment than reducing car journeys. Readers of Vegan Views will remember Pat With accounting for a massive Reeves' regular reports about her 21% of greenhouses gases produced by achievements as a power weight lifter and humans it seems obvious that if we reduce also her continual struggle against the cancer the amount of animals farmed it would help she considers as a genetic inheritance. We lessen greenhouse gases which are damaging have also read about her commitment to the world. Nutritional Therapy based on 'living foods'' including sprouted grains. So if you want to do your bit for the planet AND create some tasty recipes to impress Her advice has helped many people regain your friends and family make sure you stock their health and it was at the request of one up on Provamel 100% organic soya range, of these that she was prompted to write this clear the kitchen and cook up a storm with book in order to reach a wider audience. some of our delicious recipes. Whether The first part of the book narrates the you're making breakfast, lunch or dinner difficult life experiences she has lived Provamel soya products are the perfect through, including a couple of serious choice. motorcycle accidents. But her survival is All Provamel products are naturally low in more than a miracle, it is also the result of Just out is the Vegan Society's very popular saturated fat, free from meat and dairy her determination to source every possible Animal Free Shopper - A UK shopping products making them the ideal option if you alternative in order to overcome and survive guide to vegan products - both food and non- are following a vegetarian or vegan diet, the threats of cancer. Her purpose was to use food. have lactose intolerance or cows' milk only the alternatives to conventional protein allergy, or if you simply desire a medicine. Other Books of Interest healthy balanced and varied diet.

She presents her research in a readable but Plant Based Nutrition and Health by scientific way Steven Walsh. £7.95. ISBN 0907337260. Published by The Vegan Society. Up-to-date "At first an idea is dismissed as 'Living Foods' means relying on raw and well researched, covering the health outrageous. Then, but for a vegetables, fruits, juices and sprouted grains, advantages of the vegan diet, as well as the which are full of vitality, whereas the pitfalls and how to avoid them. Clear advice very short time, people admit cooking of foods depletes their nutritious given on vitamins B12 and D, and on Iron, there may be something in it. value. Although not everyone finds they are Calcium, Zinc, Iodine and Selenium. Also, After that the idea is absorbed, able to eliminate all cooked foods from their advice on getting omega 3 fatty acids from diet, there is great value in making raw foods non-fish foods. people think they have always a large part of our diet, fresh and vegan organic as far as possible. Feeding Your Vegan Infant - with known it, and its origins are Confidence by Sandra Hood. £9.99. ISBN forgotten." 0907337295. Published by The Vegan

4 Vegan Views Chocolate Spot Is Nature Cruel? New from Organica is a Chocolate The poet Alfred Tennyson expressed it as Carnivores have no way of avoiding the Couverture Bar with Raisins & Almonds. "Nature red in tooth and claw" and this view killing which is essential for their survival. Made with an alternative to dairy milk, it is probably implicit in Charles Darwin's Humans can survive without killing other comprises 41% cocoa solids for a creamy view of evolution as being a struggle for the animals. So it is cruel for humans to kill for chocolate. Tumbled into this are plump survival of the fittest. their food. We loudly insist on our organic raisin pieces and flaked organic superiority to the lower animals. One way of almonds to give a delightful fruit and nut Most people try to justify their treatment of proving it is to avoid following their chocolate bar to suit vegan diets. non-human animals by eating them, using example. Our digestive system is adapted to them for sport or other cruel activities by a diet of plant foods, meat eating , although The Chocolate Couverture Bar with Raisins saying that Nature is cruel. They point to we survive on it, is a greater strain on the & Almonds brings the range of 100g carnivores: lions, dogs and cats who live by digestion Organica chocolate bars to 10 (detailed catching and eating other animals , but the below). As with the entire range, this vegan great majority must be herbivores who get Humans are not carnivores, they belong to bar is organic, gluten free and non-GM. It their nourishment from the plant kingdom. the family of the primates who are classed as comprises 66% ethical ingredients derived The role of carnivores would seem to be to Frugivores that mainly find their nutrition in from Third World ethical trading projects. cull these large herds by capturing the fruits, nuts and vegetable shoots. To eat meat inferior specimens and promoting the overall must be a retrospective step in evolutionary Monkey Bars health of the herd. Carnivores would not terms. The fairly traded, organic ingredients of this survive without the herbivores which they new chocolate bar will treat your conscience Animal farming has been shown to be a are programmed to use as nourishment. as well as your taste buds. But even better, major contribution to the climate change that There are even other species who live by every bar of chocolate sold raises money for is threatening the future continuation of scavenging on dead bodies. Is this a reason monkeys with 5% donated to The Monkey human life on this planet. If humans were for copying them? Carnivorous animals are Sanctuary Trust in Looe, Cornwall. "The given intellects superior to other animals, programmed to catch and eat other animals. welfare of people, animals and the now is the time to use them, to distinguish They could not otherwise survive. They do environment is at the heart of our business between good and evil, to follow the good, not have a consciousness of being cruel. and it is highly appropriate to support The to change this planet from one which we are Cruelty is a human concept - part of our Monkey Sanctuary Trust through sales of everywhere destroying to one which we will ability to distinguish being good and evil, our new chocolate bar," says Mike Batten, rejuvenate and beautify. Cattle grazing and which aims to promote the evolution of the founder and director of Venture Foods that feeding them on plants that would more planet to a higher level. makes the Organica range. "Many of the effectively feed humans leads to the staff at the Monkey Sanctuary are vegan so If we imitate the behaviour of lower animals, destruction of rainforests and inefficient use they feel very comfortable that like-minded we are merely showing that we have not of fertile fields. people buying our chocolate are supporting fully evolved from non-human animals into their trust in this way." Comparing the spontaneous reactions of the fully human and humane creatures. offspring of different animals may give us a How to buy Some merely reply that vegetarians are cruel clue. It is true that some children can be The Organica Chocolate Couverture Bar and destructive to plants. Firstly, this would cruel to animals and also to other children, with Raisins & Almonds costs around £2.39 be a step upwards and better than hurting but we condemn this behaviour and they are from a number of online stockists and good creatures who obviously feel pain and who exceptional. Most small children express health food shops listed at try to avoid it. But the idea itself is not delight and love when they meet animals. www.seriouslyorganic.co.uk. accurate. When humans eat fruit and nuts They want to stroke a cat or dog, they want that grow on trees we do not destroy the to keep pets and they marvel at the birds and trees, we even take care to propagate more insects. When I was very small, my parents Dr. Allison was struck off the Medical of them, which was the purpose of the fruit kept hens and I watched how the hen lay on Register in 1884 because he advised people in the first place. Similarly with nutritious the egg for three weeks, keeping it warm to give up smoking, take exercise, cut down plants such as peas and beans, we eat only until one day a crack appeared and out on salt and to abstain from alcohol. He was the parts which nature destined for popped a tiny fluffy yellow creature chirping an enthusiastic vegetarian. He was against propagation and we plant more of them to and fussing. It filled me with wonder at the many of the prescribed medicines of the day, ensure the continuation of the species. world and I am sure most human children which included mercury and arsenic (both Similarly with root vegetables such as would feel the same. poisons). potatoes. Contrast this with a small kitten that I His advice to give up smoking was opposed It could be argued that meat eaters also make remember my aunt had. We would dangle a by doctors who recommended a cigar for sure to maintain the species by propagation, piece of string in front of it and it clearing the lungs! but the case is quite different. Whereas an instinctively swiped at it with claws agriculture based on plants lets the plant extended. It was following an instinct that He advocated eating wholemeal bread and grow to full maturity, animal farming trained it to practise how to obtain food. It produced the Allison loaf which is still concentrates on using the youngest and can have no notion of cruelty, it merely branded today. tenderest creatures for their markets. In follows its instinct on how to feed itself, intensive systems, animals are usually because its digestive system requires this, deprived of their natural functions and Humans have been given intelligence and treated as if they were inanimate materials. DON'T BUY compassion in order to improve the planet, It is possible to live healthily without not to destroy it. YOUR SHOES consuming any animal products, a way of H. Mather living that causes suffering to animals, FROM A BUTCHER which is precisely what we accuse carnivores of doing, is an act of cruelty.

Vegan Views 5 Miss Monroe We had decided that under no circumstances you got hit in the middle of the forehead I sat and wept, not just for her, but for all the whatsoever were we taking in anymore with a hoof, but that's another tale for other sheep that must end up in her animals. We were struggling to raise funds another day. Three of these girls were Welsh condition, with no one caring for their to finance the rescue and my husband's Mountain Sheep, a breed that a local farmer welfare, just caring for their profits: the sad wages would only stretch so far. We had to described as being "******* mental!" I soon reality of farming. harden our hearts and say no. found out exactly what he meant! The other That left us with five to care for. Luckily three were cross breeds: two Black Faced As the telephone rang at 8.30 that evening, I these five were in slightly better condition crosses and a Speckled Faced cross. These wondered who could be ringing up so late. and over the coming weeks we slowly but three were much calmer, though still very Friends knew that we rose at 5am and were surely fed them up, putting flesh over their nervous. After a mammoth struggle we always early to bed, so they never called bones instead of just skin. managed to load them into the transporter after 8pm. I lifted the phone anticipating and headed home. Now came the task of As the days and weeks passed their someone else wanting to dump an animal on moving them across to the field that we individual characters came to the fore and us. People were keen to portray themselves intended to put them in while we assessed we gave them names: 'Miss Monroe' (one of as kind and caring, but it boiled down to the their condition and wormed them. We were the Welsh Mountain); 'Mrs Speckled Face' same thing: they didn't want the hassle and stunned at just how light they were; we (Yep you guessed it: the Speckled Face. Yes, wanted shut of an animal ASAP. They all could literally pick them up and carry them I know, we aren't always that original with had their excuses as to why they couldn't down the field, something that you should names! You try thinking up name, after keep it, or help it, but I had yet to hear one not be able to do with a full grown sheep. I name, after name, and see how original you genuine reason. We were no different to the delved my hands deep into their thick fleeces are!); 'Mrs Black Face' and the last two general Joe Bloggs on the street: we had the and was horrified to feel every bone jutting Welsh Mountain we called 'The Wildies' same commitments and could make the out of their flesh. These poor animals were (they were almost identical in looks and same excuses as them if we chose to do so, literally on the verge of death by starvation. behaviour: completely mental, so it was just but our consciences had always got in the It was mid summer and the farmers fields easier to refer to them collectively than way. This call was from a farmer: another had little grazing on them, and for a broken individually.) farmer had put some sheep on their land and mouthed sheep there would have been was refusing to take them back. The sheep nothing to eat. As a sheep ages its teeth wear It is difficult not to have favourites when were old, broken mouthed, barren and down and eventually fall out. The more that working with animals, as some are just so worthless. No one wanted the hassle, or the fall out, the harder it becomes for them to special and unique; my favourite was Miss expense, of getting rid of them. There were graze and obtain nutrition, and unless Monroe. Miss Monroe was a beauty, a real six sheep in total, did I want them? The supplementary feeding in the form of beauty, and didn't she just know it. When the sheep were going to be shot the next day if I concentrates is given, they literally starve to other sheep lolloped down the field Miss didn't take them and they would bring in a death. Their fleeces had concealed the horror Monroe tripped daintily on tiptoe, her hips digger to bury them. I said that I would of starvation. At that time of year they swaying, flicking her head back and tossing discuss it with my husband and ring them should already have been shorn, but no one her long hair back over her shoulder. While back. would have wanted to waste money paying the Wildies had tough tight curls, Miss Monroe has loose flowing locks. Between There is no value in an old sheep, only for it for an animal that was about to die. two of the fields was a high banking and expense in sending it to market. No one We needed to start getting nutrition into Miss Monroe used to stand atop it, head held would have been ringing me if money could them, and quickly, but we also had to go high, posing in the wind "Is everyone have been made. easy: too much concentrate can literally burn looking at me?" The only thing she lacked We did have plenty of grazing, but we also the lining off a sheep's stomach as it turns to was a red pencil skirt, a pair of red stilettos, didn't want to overload the land. I had seen acid while being digested. The bacteria a low cut white blouse and a push up bra. too many sanctuaries with overstocked sour within the gut have to become slowly She also desperately wanted to be friendly. I land that was detrimental to the welfare of accustomed to the change in diet and we would stand very quietly and she would sidle the animals. I didn't want to make that needed to start off with small amounts and slowly over with her hips swaying; those mistake. My husband and I went round and then gradually increase until we were hips always swayed! I would slowly move round in circles discussing what we should providing sufficient to keep them at a decent my hand out towards her, and she would do. My husband worked away for most of weight. We also needed to have them shorn edge ever nearer, until she could smell the the week and so the day to day welfare to stop them getting fly strike or heat tips of my fingers. Unfortunately, her always fell on my shoulders; he said that as exhaustion. Once again we were in for loads comrades viewed me as the enemy and that was the case, he would leave the final more work than anticipated, and once again I considered Miss Monroe to be doing a bit of decision to me, though he was happy for us was cursing myself for having that god fraternizing. They might have had a fear of to take them. I slept on it overnight and then awful thing called a conscience: the bane of me, and been loathe to come close, but that first thing the next morning I rang and said my life. fear was sufficiently overcome to mete out yes, we would take them. I knew that I Sadly we were too late for one of the sheep punishment for this terrible sin. They would would probably regret it, but then that would and the following day she collapsed. By this plod slowly forward, keeping one eye on me be nothing new, so what the hell! time my husband had gone back to work, so and one eye on Miss Monroe. Upon reaching We hitched the animal transporter on to the I had to struggle to get her into the back of her rump they would butt her viciously, all back of the car and headed round to collect my van and get her to a vet. The vet was the time never taking an eye off me. Once them. horrified at her condition and said that she they had bullied her away from me, all four should have been sent for slaughter long would surround her and then repeatedly butt Boy, were they wild! Our sheep were large since. I said that I wanted to give her a her, putting all of their weight behind the but fairly laid back, and though they could chance and glucose was administered. We assault. Being a delicate little soul this was occasionally be awkward and difficult to managed to get her up on her feet again and more than she could take, and after several deal with, in general they were a pleasure to for the next two days I struggled to get her of these vicious attacks she decided that I have around and caused us only the odd eating, sadly without success. On the third really wasn't worth the bruises. I would see minor headache - sometimes literally, when day she collapsed and had to be put to sleep. her watching me from a distance, but she 6 Vegan Views never again plucked up the courage to come The vet arrived and we headed through to Vegan Campaigns, BM 2300, London, forward. It saddened me deeply, as I felt the barn. I felt like a murderer, even though I WC1N 3XX. Phone: 07890 136663 such a strong pull towards her, and I would knew it was the right decision. She had have loved to have had the chance to always hated strangers and today was no www.vegancampaigns.org.uk become far better acquainted. different: she mustered what little energy she info*AT*vegancampaigns.org.uk had and tried to avoid my attempts to get The years flew past and all five sheep lived hold of her. It just made the situation even far longer than we had anticipated. Miss Matlock: Green more traumatic for both of us. When I did Monroe became a doddery old lady, but still catch her she gave in and calmly relaxed in tiptoed in the same dolly bird manner. She Way Café my arms. The injection was over and done truly was mutton dressed as lamb! By John + Ziggy - two vegans who were with in seconds, her life ebbed away from training and busing it around Derbyshire for The hardest time when caring for animals is her, and her suffering was over. Gone but a couple of days in August 2008. the time when it comes to say goodbye. never forgotten. To this day I can still see When an animal starts to deteriorate it is her tiptoeing off down the field with her hips Snitterton House, 3 Snitterton Road, always very difficult to know when to give swaying. Rest in peace my beautiful lady. Matlock, DE4 3LZ. up and when to keep on trying. With a www.greenwaycafe.co.uk. younger animal you know that there is a Ecoforest, This vegetarian café opened up fairly good chance that veterinary intervention will recently. We went in twice, and on both bring miracles, but we can't turn the clock Southern Spain occasions it was busy - impressive for a back on old age, and the best we can hope relatively new café. for is a few more weeks or months. With the Are you interested in the environment and sheep I could gauge their health by their sustainable ways of living? Would you like Our first visit was late morning. There were interest in the concentrate, and when Miss to become involved in an ecological project two soups on the board, both vegan. We had Monroe suddenly went off hers I knew that AND live and work in nature in a warm and the carrot and ginger soup which was very something was drastically wrong. With a cat sunny Andalucia? Then we want to hear tasty and had a pleasant ginger kick, and the or dog we have a battery of tests that can be from you! tomato and basil soup which was good, run at the vets, but with sheep there is little Ecoforest is a Vegan permaculture project although maybe lacking a bit of flavour. We in that line as veterinary medicine is not and we are looking for new members and ordered this with drinks, and unexpectedly geared to keeping sheep living long lives. investors, especially those who would like to got a small free treat - a small pot of humus She had the usual antibiotics and vitamin live out in Spain for several weeks/months at with some vegetable sticks and some crisps injections but still continued to go down hill a time or would like to run retreats or to dip into it. The humus was top notch - so and didn't even want to graze. It was obvious courses or who can help with the running much better than your average humus. that she had come to the end of her life. She and promotion of this wonderful Project. Later in the day, we went in again. There wasn't just old, she was ancient and I had to were three or four main courses and one was be realistic. Ecoforest is a non-profit organisation set up to provide education about living and vegan - a cashew nut roast with mushroom For the final two days she didn't want to go working in a simple, natural, sustainable and gravy, so we had this and enjoyed it. After out into the fields and just stayed put in the healthy way. For more information, please that it was cake time. They had lots of barn. It was a very sad two days, but also a contact: different cakes, but the choice was a bit very special time. Finally, without the limited for vegans. bullying of the others, Miss Monroe had the fol_chris*AT*hotmail.co.uk Although the choice for vegans was slightly courage to let me hold and cuddle her. I www.ecoforest.org 02392 611607 limited, that's much better than having a big would kneel down amidst the straw and she choice of so-so vegan food. Highly would come forward and lean her head on Take the Vegan recommended. my shoulder, resting the weight of her body against my chest. I would nuzzle my face Pledge into her beautiful soft fleece and dig my In January 2008, Vegan Campaigns Veggie Café fingers amidst the wool on her side, gently supported 25 people in London to go vegan scratching her skin. She would sigh for a month. Before and after health checks News contentedly and sag against me, leaving me showed an improvement in most people's The Greenhouse Café to support her full weight. I wept so many health, including weight loss, better energy A new vegetarian café has opened in tears, as I knew that I was going to have to and improved skin and hair. Many Portsmouth. It's called the Greenhouse Café, make the decision anytime now to call the participants decided to stay vegan, one and is at 59 Marmion Road, Southsea, PO5 vet and have her put to sleep. She had volunteer stated that "The Vegan Pledge 2AX. Tel: 023 92815511. Web: completely given up eating and was slowly made all the difference in finally helping me www.thegreenhousekitchen.co.uk. We've fading away. It is so hard to make that to make the change." heard that they cater well for vegans. decision, no matter what choice you make: to wait longer or to do it now, you always The good news is Vegan Campaigns are feel that you made the wrong one. If you repeating the vegan pledge in January 2009- Sosmix Petition wait longer, and they suffer more, you curse and this year we are aiming to double the The production of the popular SOSMIX has yourself for not having the courage to have numbers and recruit 50 volunteers. During been taken over by a firm who is believed to done it sooner, but once you have done it, the month, support will include free basic be including milk in the product. You can you are forever thinking that perhaps you health checks and advice from vegan GP Dr sign a petition on should have tried something else and Mike Hooper, nutritional advice and recipes. www.petitiononline.com/sosmix/petition.ht perhaps they might have rallied. All participants will be invited to a meeting ml at the start of the month on Sunday 18 On the third day I knew the time had come. I January and at the end on Sunday 15 had tried everything that I could think of and February at Conway Hall, 25 Red Lion despite all my attempts she was still going Jamie Coglan If it has a face and feelings Square, Holborn London. downhill and had no interest whatsoever in food. She was obviously now unhappy and I For further details, or to sign up for the Don't eat it knew I had to call in the vet. vegan pledge contact: Vegan Views 7 Can Britain Feed Itself? [Sentences in Italics represent the comments sowing of new crops, usually to replace However, "a move to a wholly vegan diet (if of the writer]. nitrogen in the soil. Presumably the author it could be introduced and enforced) would is thinking of crop rotation where one third have severe repercussions on the millions of An article in the October 2008 issue of The may be left fallow. urban and rural poor who supplement their Ecologist magazine by Simon Fairlie, editor diets with milk and meat derived from of The Land magazine, has reviewed the Simon Fairlie argues that these points reduce animals fed on wastes, residues and statistics concerning meat production. the conversion ratio down to 3:1 - still a unwanted biomass. Investigating land use involved with various strong argument in favour of reducing diets, he concludes that a vegan diet based consumption of meat and dairy. "The conclusion is that we should seek a on production systems that include chemical middle course between "the rigours of He next argues that feed given to cattle inputs would be the most economical. He veganism" (I have still to suffer them) and would be unsuitable for human consumption does not favour the vegan organic the "greed, pollution, dependence on fossil anyway. In this category come: residues of (stockless) system because of its reliance on fuels and contempt for that grain milling, sugar beet, vegetable oils, green manuring which, he claims, would characterises intensive factory farming." cotton, etc. It is proposed that these might require an increased use of land. He seems to provide 1/3rd of nutrition for livestock. The Editor of the Ecologist invites feedback: overlook the fact that most green manuring The Ecologist, 102D Lana House Studios, is grown in autumn/winter on land where Add to this the food wasted in human 116-118 Commercial Street, Spitalfields, previous crops have already been harvested. consumption, wasted in the home, in London E2 6NF. In fact the green manuring aims to restore restaurants, by retailers. Skips behind nitrogen to soils where past crops have been supermarkets are piled with products past A Seminar entitled Can Britain Feed itself? grown. Still, the fact remains that the vegan their sell-by date. This he proposes, could be was attended by eminent scientists such as diet is shown to be the most efficient in fed to pigs to produce 45% of the pork sold Sir Crispin Tickell, Professor Tim Lang and terms of land use and that Britain could feed in UK.(But how far could this be recycled Simon Fairly. A radio four programme on itself if only we gave up relying on animals for use by the farmer?). 26th October 2008 interviewed some of for nutrition. A sudden conversion to them. All agreed that something must bee Finally, there is grass. An estimated 25% of veganism is highly unlikely, but a gradual done to reverse the present trend of the world's agricultural land is classified as realisation that reducing meat and dairy obtaining our food from anywhere in the range land or permanent pasture unsuitable consumption is the way forward world where we can find it most for growing crops. environmentally is surely the only economically, sometimes to the detriment of conclusion to be drawn from these and other In 1997 the UN Food and Agricultural local communities and we should consider studies. Organisation estimated that worldwide how far we can go to be self-reliant in feeding ourselves, in view of the present and It is almost 200 years since the vegetarian animals consumed 74 million tonnes of future economic uncertainties and the need poet Shelley wrote in 1813 in a pamphlet human edible protein and provided 54 to reduce 'food miles'. We should consider entitled A Vindication of Natural Diet: million tonnes - an overall conversion ratio of 4.1: 1 a far cry from 10:1 but this still how to reduce our dependence on countries "The quantity of nutritious vegetable matter remains a strong argument for turning from over which we have no control. Sir Crispin consumed in fattening the carcase of an ox reliance on animal protein and turning Tickell was insistent that it is dangerous to would afford ten times the sustenance if towards a plant-based diet. It remains a be dependent on imports from other parts of gathered immediately from the bosom of the significant argument for the vegan diet. the world and we have to investigate how we earth." could become more self-reliant Professor The author also reviews the statement made Tim Lang said that large retailers were This ratio of 10:1 is still quoted today. But in the UN report Livestock's Long Shadow aware of these problems and considering has any research been done recently to claiming that livestock produced 18% of how they should react. substantiate this statement? Simon Fairlie greenhouse gas emissions (mainly through sets out to review every possible argument to methane), saying that this was 'a bigger On this programme Simon Fairlie, reiterated reduce this ratio as far as possible. share than that of transport', but the World his views. that a vegan diet using chemical Resources Institute says that emissions from inputs was the most economical way of; land He points out that pigs and poultry have a livestock and manure is just 5.1% of use. It requires 3 million hectares of land much more favourable conversion ratio rated greenhouse gas emissions and transport (there are 18 million of hectares available in between 3:1 and 5:1. A fact already responsible for 13.8%. Other estimates of Britain). Adding livestock would require conceded by vegans. livestock emissions are 4.5%, 6% and 8%. 4.1/2 As far as beef and dairy are concerned, he (Though lower, these are still significant million hectares. A no-meat system working makes the following points: amounts). organically would increase the 3 million By products such as wool, leather, industrial The discrepancy is due to the FAO including hectares to 7.45million due to lower yields products increase the profitability of meat. In CO2 emissions due to Amazon rainforest and the need of land for green manuring. the Third World, draft animals and animal destruction. The author argues that not all Livestock on organic farming would require manure are important components rainforest destruction is attributable to cattle 16 million hectares - a lot of it going to particularly useful for subsistence farmers. ranching. (But some is and the land becomes cows. infertile in a few years, leading to further Some nutritionists argue that animal protein If dairy cows were fed on grass only, they deforestation). has higher value than plant protein and this would yield less, but could produce more is the usual view taken by most meat eaters. The world's largest dairy industry is in India calves, which would reduce the need for (Vegans will of course refute this view. and cows there are fed on crop residues, suckler herds - an inefficient use of land. wastes and wayside roughage. In contrast, Cows in fields fertilise the land with their Organic crops grown without animal manure the USA feedlot system in which beef steer manure The grazing cows would not need to will require an average 35% more land (to are fattened on a grain-based diet do eat grain and produce manure to fertilise the supply green manure). This, of course can be approximate to the 10:1 conversion ratio. land. This 'permaculture' (as he calls it) refuted by vegan organic growers who use approach would save 2.1/2 million hectares green manuring between harvesting and the

8 Vegan Views of land. as opposed to the conventional and help counter deforestation in other parts organic systems. of the world. Vegetarian Dogs The programme also interviewed a family in Deforestation of the Amazon leaves the soil Fife, Scotland, who are already pledged to impoverished, but Brazil nut trees can be website source most of their food locally. They were planted there, bringing nourishment and a *VEGETARIANDOGS.COM* has been surprised to find that this was no hardship commercial commodity. They might updated and streamlined. A vegan site since and their food bill actually decreased. Julie eventually help restore the forest. 1998, all proceeds from vegetariandogs.com Brown of Growing communities in East go to rescued dogs. Currently available for Nearer home, we are always being told that London was also confident that Britain could purchase: sheep farming is the only way possible on feed itself and that it should do so. Welsh Hills. But nut trees have been Vegetarian Dogs: Toward a World Without Is this an opportunity for vegans to review successfully planted there and trees could Exploitation, $12 USD, a book of recipes for some of their statements in consideration of also be grown for timber. Lately, hill farmers vegan dog food written by Verona ReBow these new statements? have been experimenting with providing and Jonathan Dune. energy from the mountain streams. They There seems no doubt that a vegan diet is the Animal Spirit, $8 USD, a CD of original supply this to the national grid and one one proving to be most favourable music by Immanuel Balogh. farmer reported it was more profitable than environmentally. Nobody seems to question keeping sheep. Verona ReBow herself is a vegan, and she that, but they seem to have difficulty putting originally investigated the idea of feeding it into action. They find it difficult to give up Trees and shrubs satisfy all sorts of human dogs a meat-free diet as a way to eliminate long established habits and fear looking needs: nutrition, medicine, fuel and more. such as lambs, rabbits, ridiculous among their friends. They almost They provide windbreaks and shade. They chickens, cattle and horses, currently used seem frightened. 'The rigours of veganism' is draw water up from the depths. They for dog food. how Simon Fairlie views it. I know that most fertilise the ground when their leaves fall. vegans I have met have seen veganism as a They combat climate change by storing All dog food recipes in Vegetarian Dogs joy, a liberation, a relief. CO2. The present way of life is destroying reflect research done by Jonathan Dune, who trees worldwide. Reversing the trend by helped Verona develop the recipes in On the other hand there are some things we planting trees would bring great changes. accordance with the nutritional guidelines might do well to take on board. Although issued by the American Association of Feed most poor people in poor countries This is the great benefit that a change to a Control in conjunction with specific research vegan diet can bring about. subsist mainly on grains and pulses, we have regarding protein, calcium, zinc, vitamin B- to admit that many of these probably do add Linen (with its lovely blue flower), hemp 12, and vitamin D requirements of dogs. The fish, meat or dairy to some extent. (the non-'cannabis' variety) should provide recipes in Vegetarian Dogs are economical, us with clothing rope, etc. easy to prepare and require no special There are, however, important points that the ingredients beyond those readily available at 'establishment' completely ignore and that People say they would miss seeing animals your local health food store or natural food vegans should put forward. Matters that are in the fields. I have passed fields where I co-op. This book will enable you to create unglamorous and bring no profit to saw lambs chewing away and fattening healthy and delicious vegetarian meals for enterprises in the rich nations but can bring themselves to go to slaughter in a few your canine friends. If you prefer to dramatic benefits to the poor of the Third months' time. I stop for cows crossing the purchase a commercial vegetarian dog food, World. road with their legs chafing against heavy you will gain confidence and the ability to ballooning udders , no doubt relieved that discuss your informed choice with others. The vegan charity VEGFAM , for instance, milking will end their torment for a while. helps on a tight budget with seeds, irrigation, We could keep favourite animals in reserves Preparing the food empowers the dog etc. to bring sustainable living to the and sanctuaries, and add donkeys and goats. caretaker to control the quality and choice of struggling poor. We could have them in zoos instead of tigers ingredients. This is especially relevant in these days of pet food contamination and Find Your Feet promotes a way of obtaining and elephants. Exotic animals are best seen recalls. Some of the recipes in *Vegetarian protein and vitamins from leaves and plants on film in their natural habitat. Zoos Dogs* require no cooking and are perfect for indigestible to humans by a simple process (originally called menageries) were useful those with busy schedules. Dogs who are of fermentation into a curd that is acceptable before we had films, they are now obsolete. rescued by Verona have often been abused and nourishing. This process is cheap and Walnut trees and Sweet Chestnut trees are and neglected, with resultant health and can be operated simply on a local basis. It majestic and tall. We could have picnic areas behavior problems, including skin problems, was developed decades ago by plant scientist beneath them. People used to follow trails in digestive complaints, and aggressive N.W. Pirie in Britain and has been proved of springtime through the orchards of Kent behavior, but after a few weeks on a vegan immense value wherever it has been tried before bureaucracy cut them down. Muck diet, along with the love and tender care and helps empower women as well. If spreading has offensive smells. A vegan lavished on them by Verona, they become promoted on a wider scale it would prevent world could restore so many sweet scents well-adjusted members of Verona's family, much malnutrition. and colourful beauty to our land. radiating health and well-being. We must also challenge the view that has Harry Mather. been so long accepted that some areas are only suitable for grazing animals. The borders of the Sahara are being eroded by A silly cow? animals destroying whatever grass or shrub Maybe. But giving cows or goats to people in Africa is far sillier. It might seem a fun thing they can find; and the desert advances. to do, but hungry people do not need more mouths to feed. Such animals waste precious land, food, and water. Instead, give aid that is sensible and sustainable, as well as humane. And yet, charities such as Tree Aid are helping local people to plant trees that bear Help International Plant Protein Organisation helps to feed orphans and poor families in the nourishing fruits or marketable oils such as third world with locally grown nutritious plant foods and to develop sustainable food the shea nut that is used in cosmetics in rich production. We oppose the huge waste of the world's agricultural resources caused by the nations. Once established the trees bring rich world's gluttony for meat and other animal products. fertility, shade and shelter for the growing of HIPPO, Churchfield House, Weston under Penyard, Ross-on-Wye HR9 7PA. Email: other crops. These trees reclaim the desert hippocharity*AT*aol.com Vegan Views 9 Vegan Organic Growing

working within a stockfree-organic system vegetarian, with the way the farm or stable Visit to Prime Stockfree of culture has proved over the years to work animals could be treated and the food and Organic Farm and increase the fertility of the soil. medications they were given and obtaining By Graham Cole manure from these places. Problems with the weather for the second On a dull October day 26 people came from year running have not helped, but better than * It has become increasingly difficult to different parts of the country to visit 2007 with improved crops of Squashes, obtain suitable sources of animal manure - Tolhurst Organic Produce, an 18 acre farm Courgettes and Sweet Corn, that failed last transport, composting and application is near Reading, that is a prime example of year due to lack of sun and so much rain. awkward and expensive for the small Stockfree Organic methods in the UK. However, with the month of August bringing grower. Future organic legislation is likely to Iain has been a commercial organic grower a lack of sunny days this year, a record low require that the majority of fertility is created since the mid 70s and has been active in in fact, the yields could have been a lot on the holding. No sensible self-sustaining promoting and trialling different aspects of higher for these crops. Potato Blight not organic farmer will be reckless enough to production. He is an advisor and organic quite so bad as the losses experienced last sell you his own fertility! consultant. Over the past 10 years he has year. Iain has yet to try the Blight resistant * Eliminating brought-in fertility is a independently been working a Stockfree- Sarpo varieties as the seed potato supplies wonderful way to concentrate the mind on Organic system excluding ALL animal are limited and he missed out. They do seem sustaining fertility. The health of the soil is inputs. Fertility comes primarily from within to be resistant. central to the whole system and more the boundary of the holding. His was the Then we moved on down the lane to the sustainable rotations, better and less tillage first farm to be inspected and registered for Walled area which has all the Tunnels, practice, soil management and, where the Stockfree-Organic Symbol. He Greenhouses, Packing & the Storage Shed. appropriate, green composts, are much more welcomed us for our annual VON visit that Food has been cultivated here for centuries sustainable alternatives to poaching other was a little later in the season this year but and the walls date back 300 years. Here a lot farms' acres for your own fertility. with still plenty to see.... more shelter enables the growing season to * Once established this system will reward Iain guided us around the holding that be extended and intensified. Here the you with healthier crops, less weeds, pests afternoon explaining and showing his 7 year thousands of plants are sown and grown on and diseases. rotations, all the varied crops and Green in modules and planted in the ground for Manures, of which he grows many types, planting out in the fields here with, for * By avoiding Animal inputs you are making and which are the main source of fertility - example, 50,000 leeks! a positive contribution to optimising land particularly in the 2 large fields. We saw use. If every horticultural and cereal growing All the compost made on site is used here healthy plants and Iain also explained the holding were to convert to organic mainly in the tunnels, which on our visit importance of Bio Diversity on the site with production and rely on animal inputs for were full of autumn and winter salad crops, large hedgerows that are only trimmed once even a small portion of their production then Chinese Brassicas, the last of the tomatoes every 4 or 5 years and bands of mixed there would simply NOT BE ENOUGH and more green manures. It was a good time annuals that act as "Beetle Banks" that LAND to support the animals to generate to see the green manures: several different provide cover and food for a variety of this. Clovers, Trefoil, Lucerne etc established for flying and ground insects and bugs. As overwintering as protective soil "blankets" always, the increasing numbers of Red Kites * Finally there is a growing awareness of the building fertility for next season. put on flying displays for us in the sky, limitations of increased global consumption of animal products. This makes tremendous along with the Buzzards. The estate that the Iain explained his reasons for stopping the demands on the world's finite resources of farm is part of has other birds of prey and all use of animal manures and no longer just land, water and energy plus it is an UK species of Owl. using Green Manures as a bolt-on to the enormous contributor of greenhouse gases system as some conventional organic The flinty land that Iain is growing on is not (CO2, Methane, Nitrous Oxide)". growers do. ideal for vegetable cultivation or even Iain said that some customers had cancelled cereals, so it is a challenge! But even so, * He was never comfortable years back, as a their boxes due to the current economic troubles, and that all organic growers had experienced this, but the business here was still healthy and optimistic. All the produce supplies vegetable boxes for up to 450 local households within a 10 mile radius from the holding with several drop off points for individual collection. The boxes have seasonal produce with different sizes and pricing to cater for individual needs for most of the year. Customers also have farm walks every year to see and learn about their food and how it is produced. I would urge anyone who has not visited Iain's holding yet to come on next year's VON walk. Be inspired! and you can continue to make the case for the alternative farming solution that will feed an increasing and necessary Vegan population.

10 Vegan Views Seeds, Plants, Contacts: When LIFE means nothing and 'love' doesn't exist, where are we heading with the Beans and Herbs: 161 Chapel Street, Environment and Protection of it? Horningsham, Warminster, Wilts. BA12 7LU. www.beansandherbs.co.uk. The reason why we decide that we've bought what we didn't really want is because we're Tamar Organics Cartha Martha Farm, Early Vegans and B12 so used to emulating the neighbours. We Rezare, Launceston, Cornwall PL15 9NX. Moira Carlyle asked whether early vegans continually discard what we didn't need; www.tamarorganics.co.uk. 01579 371087. were concerned about possible lack of forgetting each one of us is different and For all seeds, including good range of green vitamin B12 in the vegan diet and whether unique with different requirements. Can't we manures seeds and animal-free fertilisers. mothers were concerned about their stop and ask ourselves without talking and Agroforestry Research Trust Tel: 01803 children. One of those children has getting 'information' from others to copy: 840776. www.agroforestry.co.uk. For plants answered. WHY IS THIS A THROW-AWAY and seeds. Perennial edibles-fruit, nuts, etc. I think that the answer is that my mother was SOCIETY? Booklets not concerned because when she started, We've been following others for too long. To Vegan Permaculture: www.pfaf.org, Vitamin B12 hadn't even been discovered care and nurture and bring about a better www.spiralseed.co.uk (as far as I know) and by the time it had, she world should be our aim. To cycle and could see that we were all very healthy, so consider ways to recycle less. To grow Vegan Organic Network See p 13 for full she still wouldn't have worried. organic vegan food (every family). If vegans details www.veganorganic.net. Support them When I was 17 (about 1964) Dr. Frey Ellis showed by action how to live, we would all by buying from their merchandise catalogue: prosper. Also see www.stockfreeorganic.net and was doing research on the health of vegans www.tolhurstorganic.co.uk. and he tested the whole family. (and many Ann James others) in lots of ways and a paper was Stockfree Farming DVD produced about the health of vegans arising News From Derbyshire from this, although I don't remember its title. Hi, The interesting thing about B12 was that although all of us had been living as vegans I thought people might like to know that for 12 to 15 years and all on the same diet Matlock has its own Vegetarian/Vegan café more or less, there was a wide variety run by Trevor and his family (he's a quaker). between us in the amount of B12 found in He is open to any new suggestions. Food is the blood. My father (who had been brought delicious, organic, and lots of it. Soup £4 up omnivore but had been vegetarian for huge bowl or £2-50 smaller portion with many years before going vegan in 1948) had home made roll. Chocolate vegan cake. the highest level. I had the next highest and mmm! then my brother and my mother. We couldn't Derby should be opening one soon too! find any reason! between Friargate and Uttoxeter Road. Nowadays, of course, we know more and There's a café starting Veggie evenings in after being told about homocysteine by Ashbourne. A bit pricey. 7 course gourmet Steven Walsh a few years ago at vegan nights. "The Dining Room". I've not been camp, I make sure I take a vitamin B12 there. SQUEAK at Hockleys [Nottingham] - supplement every day. My mother doesn't, NEW: Introduction to Stockfree Organics brilliant 3 course £16-95. All vegan if you though, and she's still OK at 97 (though her featuring Ian Tolhurst, the vegan-organic choose it to be. farmer who runs a box scheme in the sight and balance are now bad - what can Oxford/Reading area, and who co-wrote the you expect at that age?) Anyone know anywhere in Egypt that does vegan food, please? book "Growing Green". To buy your copy, Dilys Cluer please send a cheque for £3.50 (includes UK Thanks, p&p) to: Stockfree Organic Services, 58 Living the Vegan Way High Lane, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Love and Light, My mother is in her late 90s and enjoys the Manchester M21 9DZ, UK. vegan food I make. She hasn't needed help Sue Fox from doctors and is healthy and happy. in Troubled Waters Vegans in Southend-on- There are only so many fish in the sea and If vegan families cared for their own family the intensive fishing of Western Nations not initially, and got this right, we could grow Sea only catches many unwanted species but and expand. Our love for each other can be Hello also scrapes the ocean bed to destruction. seen Who needs words? We should show by Stocks of edible fish are getting low, so example how to live without harming. We I'd like to get in contact with local enterprising fishermen are looking farther are Non-Smoking vegans, and don't need vegetarian/vegan groups or people from afield. They have fished off the Western alcohol. Southend on Sea area to plan some events Coast of Africa and even as far as Somalia, together. How can I get in contact with Freedom of Nature; to work with it; to be depriving local poor people of their vital them? united as kindred spirits. food supply. In desperation, the Somali Kind regards, fishermen hit back at the invaders. This has I wonder why people are allowed to continue given the idea to people of a less noble breeding cats, dogs and other animals, when Kamil Pachalko nature to attack other boats and hold them to people can't afford to keep them? The Transition Westcliff. ransom. The pleasure yachts of wealthy RSPCA and animal sanctuaries are full of people have been pirated and now, a huge oil these helpless, abandoned creatures. When www.transitionwestcliff.org.uk/xt or call tanker bigger than an aircraft carrier. are they going to stop the breeding, when 0770 7676308. sanctuaries have to find funds? On the The moral is: if you eat fish you don't know receiving end: a desperate situation what the far resulting consequences might worldwide. be! Vegan Views 11

This issue's recipes contributed Vegan Cookery by Pat Reeves. Books Breakfast Ideas Vegan Rustic Cooking for all Seasons by 1 jalapeno pepper - use seeds for extra spicy Diana White. New Edition with 160 recipes. Oat bran taste. £9-95 Combine organic oatbran with figs or apricots, add almond yoghurt, oatmilk, etc Place all in food processor with 's' blade - So What Do You Eat? by Liz Cook £12-95 and top with blueberries leave for an hour or so to thicken. Roll into Spiral bound so that it stays open at the right small balls, flatten out well and place in Sunflower and Almond Cereal page. Wipe clean pages. Vegan versions of dehydrator until crisp one quarter cup of soaked sunflower seeds, conventional meals. one half-cup of soaked almonds, Evening Meals Ideas! Vegan Feasts by Rose Elliot £8-99. 2 tabsp of raw tahini or nut butter; Add Marinaded sprouts and vegetables A wide range of vegan recipes from simple chopped fruit. 1 x cup sprouted mung beans to sophisticated by Rose Elliot who has been Wheat and raisin cereal 1/2 cup sprouted aduki beans writing vegetarian cookbooks since 1967. One half-cup of soaked raisins or other liked 1/2 cup cabbage or broccoli sprouts A Vegan Taste of Italy dried fruit 1 red pepper, diced A Vegan Taste of India One cup of three-day sprouted wheat A handful of snow pea pods, sliced A Vegan Taste of Greece Combine with soy/nut yoghurt and blueberries 4 medium stalks of Chinese cabbage, sliced A Vegan Taste of the Caribbean Lunch Ideas 1 celery stalk, cut into matchsticks A Vegan Taste of Thailand Avocado soup 2 garlic cloves, pressed ...and many more at £5-99 1 x large avocado, cut into cubes 1 small onion, finely chopped All books are available from October Books 1 x head of celery, juiced (add £2 for postage) 243 Portswood Road, 1/4 cup tamari Southampton SO17 2NG. Phone 023 8058 2 x limes, juiced 3 tabsp lemon juice and a little water 1030. www.octoberbooks.org/veg Celtic salt and black pepper, to taste 1 avocado, cubed 60 ml extra-virgin olive oil Marinate sprouts and vegetables in tamari, Useful websites a few chopped onion rings lemon juice and water for approx 4 hours General www.veganvillage.co.uk Blend all. Serve on a bed of lettuce and top with www.btinternet.com/~bury_rd (Vegan News: avocado cubes free on-line magazine) Fennel Soup www.arcnews.org.uk (animal rights news) 1 x fennel bulb, with green fronds, chopped My favourite sprout salad: www.realfood.org.uk (vegan campaign group) 30 grams each of sprouted chickpeas, www.veganbuddies.org.uk 100 grams celery, chopped mung beans and sunflower seeds (allow www.veggievision.com (internet TV station) Celtic sea salt and stevia (or Xylitol) to taste, sunflower seeds to sprout for two days), Lists of veggie restaurants & cafés 100ml extra-virgin olive www.happycow.net (worldwide) mix with a handful of broccoli, red clover, www.vegdining.com (worldwide) oil, a few chopped spring onions, juice of sango radish and/alfalfa sprouts. www.veggieheaven.com (UK) three lemons - blend all! Add grated carrot and courgette and www.vegetarianvisitor.co.uk (UK) chopped watercress. Top with a pineapple www.vegout.info (UK) Hummus with linseed/corn/other and avocado dressing with grated zest of Veggie/vegan accommodation crackers/crudities www.vegcom.org.uk (UK) orange www.vegetariansabroad.com 200 grams chickpeas, sprouted for three days Vegan products guides 120 grams sesame seeds, soaked overnight Simple veggie burger www.isitvegan.info (vegan foods/drinks) and rinsed For when time is at a premium! www.isitveggie.com (vegan foods/drinks) Vegan online shopping chopped parsley to taste 1/2 head of celery www.viva.org.uk www.animalaid.org.uk 2 stalks of celery, 1 sweet red pepper www.veganstore.co.uk 1 courgette www.octoberbooks.org/veg (vegan books) juice of three lemons, Vegan-run business lists 100 ml extra-virgin olive oil 50 grams of any preferred soaked nuts/seeds Artists, accountants, translators... www.veggies.org.uk/vbc.htm Process all ingredients, leaving lemon juice Blend and shape - serve with a green salad www.veganvillage.co.uk/services.htm and oil until last. Vegetarian information www.vegsoc.org (UK vegetarian Society) Four corn crackers: Vegan Athletes www.ivu.org (International Vegetarian Union) 150 grams linseeds www.planetveggie.co.uk (Planet Veggie) Vegan James Meldrum continues to excel as 250 ml water an athlete, winning the Lancaster half- marathon by over 4 minutes in 1 hour 8 2 ears of corn No smiles in food miles minutes 47 seconds. Bill Fraser, who has Grow locally, Think globally 1 tab extra virgin olive oil, or Udo's Choice been vegan since 1985, has won eighteen races in his age group (55-59). Vegan Organic Network 1 tsp Celtic salt www.veganorganic.net

12 Vegan Views Vegans in your area

SOUTH To publicise your meetings, appeal England/Scottish Borders region. It's free to join. Vegan Bristol help people of all backgrounds The aim of NVUK is to arrange monthly group to meet vegans or request penpals, meets/socials and to organise group trips and and experience access all aspects of vegan please send details for this page. lifestyle in the area, including information about events. The Vegan Society have their own the Bristol Vegan Fayre. Web: www.veganbristol.makessense.co.uk. local contacts - see the Vegan SCOTLAND London Vegan & Vegetarian Families Group magazine for details, or their website University of Glasgow Vegan Society If interested contact Lesley on 020 8941 8075 or at www.vegansociety.com for a list. www.gla.ac.uk/clubs/vegan email Lesley*AT*vegan4life.org.uk. The Vegetarian Society have Scottish Vegans Formed to promote veganism London Vegans meet on last Wednesday of affiliated local groups and in Scotland. Socials, exchange of views, the month (except December) 6:30-9:30pm at information centres which often recipes, ideas. advice. etc. Meet in each others' Millman St Community Rooms, Millman St, include vegans - see homes, pot luck meals London WC1. 24 hour info line: 020 8931 1904. www.vegsoc.org/network for a list. ScottishVegans*AT*yahoogroups com Web: www.londonvegans.org.uk. London Animal Action A local animal rights WALES group campaigning against all forms of animal Carmarthen Vegetarian Friends We are nearly cruelty, e.g. the , the meat industry, all vegans and we meet socially on the first Vegan Organisations animal experiments and , and for a way Tuesday of each month at 11.30am at the The Vegan Society If you would like more of life not based on the exploitation of animals, Waverley Vegetarian Restaurant, Lammas St, information on Veganism send two 1st class people or the environment. BM Box 2248, Carmarthen. Just come, or to check phone stamps for an information pack to The Vegan WC1N 3XX. Tel 0845 458 4775. 01267 241547 or hippocharity*AT*aol.com. Society at Donald Watson House, 21 Hylton Bedford Vegetarians Web: Street, Hockley, Birmingham. B18 6HJ. Tel: www.bedfordvegetarians.co.uk. 0121 523 1730. Local rate: 0845 458 8244. VEG-London Social group covering London + MIDLANDS Web: www.vegansociety.com. The Vegan South East. Web: www.veglondon.org. Leicestershire Vegetarian/Vegan Group Web: Society publishes The Vegan, a quarterly www.leicesterveggies.org.uk. magazine which members receive. Also Vegan Essex meet 1st Tuesday every month at available from a few shops. Brentwood School Sports Hall (Courage Hall, Shropshire Malcolm Cramp Tel: 01952 432874. Malc*AT*c3173.freeserve.co.uk. Middleton Hall Lane). Web: This symbol is the trade mark of The http://essex.veganfestival.org. Nottingham Animal Rights Nottingham's all Vegan Society, which it permits to Kingston & Richmond Vegetarians welcome vegan social club meets on alternate Thursdays be used on products which fulfil their vegans. Send SAE for programme to John, 49 at 7.30pm at the Sumac Centre, 245 Gladstone no animal ingredients, no animal Street, Forest Fields, Nottingham. Phone 0845 Harrowdene Gdns, Teddington, Middlesex testing criteria. It must not be used TW11 0DJ. 458 9595 for details. Email: without permission. nar*AT*veggies.org.uk or see Harlow Lian Tyler, the Vegan Society and www.veggies.org.uk/nar. VEGA (Vegetarian Economy and Green Vegetarian Society Local Contact for Harlow Agriculture) Free on-line magazine. Web: has compiled an online Vegan guide to Harlow Veggies Catering Campaign, based in www.vegaresearch.org. and the surrounding areas. Tel: 07754 166813. Nottingham, co-ordinating all things vegan at www.veggies.org.uk/nvvs. Norfolk Vegetarian & Vegan Society Jane The Movement for Compassionate Living Johnson, 17 St Austins Grove, Sheringham, Birmingham Vegetarians & Vegans c/o 5 (The Vegan Way) founded by Kathleen Norfolk, NR26 8DF. Tel. 01263 821609. Web: Esher Road, Kingstanding, Birmingham B44 Jannaway, works non-violently for lifestyles www.vegfolk.co.uk. 9QJ. Tel: 0121 353 2442. possible for all the world's peoples, sustainable Vegetarian lady in North Cornwall interested in within the planet's resources and free from all starting a group for other veggies & vegans in NORTH animal exploitation. Annual subscription £5 (or the area. Emphasis will be on socialising and Doncaster & Area Vegans & Vegetarians what you are able to afford). animal welfare issues/campaigns. Phone 01208 meet about once a month for socialising in Secretary/Membership/Treasurer: Ireene-Sointu 850530. various ways (e.g. walks, picnics, meals out, 105 Cyfyng Road, Ystalyfera, Swansea SA9 2BT. Tel. 0845 458 4717 or 01639 841223. Solent Vegetarians & Vegans Social events yoga). Ring Vivien on 01405 769730. East www.MCLveganway.org.uk. Distribution of and stalls. Web: www.solentveg.org.uk. Riding Vegans meet once a month for socialising. New members welcome. Mark, 140 booklets, leaflets is c/o Veggies 245 Gladstone Bournemouth Vegetarians & Vegans Tel. Street, Nottingham NG7 6HX Tel: 0845 458 01202 824783. Web: www.solentveg.org.uk/bvv. Victoria Avenue, Hull, HU5 3DT. Web: www.merrydowncontrolware.co.uk/ervegans. 9595. Isle of Wight Vegetarians & Vegans Tel: Tel: 01482 471119. 01983 407098. Web: www.iwvv.org.uk. Vegan Organic Network encourages and Manchester Vegan Society meet on last researches into non-animal growing techniques. Penzance Vegans social group currently meet Saturday of the month from 1pm at The Publishes a magazine Growing Green each Wednesday, 8pm in the Bath Inn pub Basement, 24 Lever Street (off Piccadilly International to spread knowledge, and reports (right-hand bar), Cornwall Terrace, Penzance. Gardens) Manchester. Children Welcome. Tel: from vegan organic growers worldwide. Contact To confirm details, please call 01736 786473 or 01204 465426. E: sarahalliez*AT*yahoo.co.uk. VON, 80 Annable Road, Lower Bredbury, email wilf_frith*AT*lineone.net. Web: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/manchester-vegan-society Stockport SK6 2DF. Email www.wiz.to/penzancevegans. Manchester Vegetarian and Vegan Group. A info*AT*veganorganic.net. Membership and Guildford Vegetarian Society welcomes large and lively social group and email list for all enquiries 0845 223 5232 (local rate). vegans to its varied programme of events. See vegans and vegetarians around Manchester. www.veganorganic.net. local groups listings on Regular meetings and a friendly email www.vegsoc.org/network for further information discussion list. Visit www.mvg.co.uk or call Mike Plants for a Future. Researching ecologically or to join the email list ring 01483 425040. on 01204 654401 sustainable vegan organic horticulture. A resource and information centre. Web: Thames Valley Vegans & Vegetarians social Leeds Vegetarian & Vegan Society Meet twice www.pfaf.org. events, veggie and vegan support and info, talks a month for various social events and activities, and presentations, displays, information stands fantastic pot luck lunches, newsletter every few in the Reading area. Web: Vegan Business Connection wants to months. For a programme and/or newsletter ring hear from individuals as well as www.makessense.co.uk/tvvvs. Natalie on 0113 2484044. Web: Andover Veggies and Vegans, for all www.leedsveg.co.uk. companies providing goods and vegetarians and vegans who live near Andover North Riding Vegetarians & Vegans Meals, services suitable for vegans. Contact in Hampshire, also welcome all able to travel to walks, theatre etc. Patricia, tel/fax 01677 VBC c/o Veggies, 245 Gladstone Street, Andover for meetings. email: 450176. Email: patricia*AT*p-m- Forest Fields, Nottingham NG7 6HX. andoverveggiesandvegans*AT*yahoo.co.uk. t.freeserve.co.uk. www.veggies.org.uk/vbc.htm. Northern Vegans UK (NVUK) http://northernvegans.ning.com is an online social network for vegans living in North East Vegan Views 13 Advertisements

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For don't want to live communally, just be near to Stardust Therapies (Southampton) Practising stockist information and details of range call like-minded people and share some resources. at The Art House, 81a Bedford Place, 0800 612 9292. www.keenfootwear.co.uk. We have money to invest. Email: joben- Southampton, SO15 2DF. Reasonable rates + Adheres to Human Rights Production wood*AT*virgin.net concessions + 10% discount to Vegetarian Standards. Society/Vegan Society/Animal Aid/Viva!/Vegan House for Sale Bevin Crescent, Outwood, West Yorkshire. Good sized 3-bed semi. Large, Organic Network members. Ziggy Woodward GLOBAL WARMING can be checked MICHT. 023 8023 1770 or 07790 461937. secluded, organic garden includes 7 raised veg. and people better supplied with food www.stardust-therapies.co.uk. beds, large pond, 2 sheds. Short walk to and other necessities if we use land for Bowen Technique is a gentle non-evasive, trains/buses to Leeds (9 m.) and Wakefield (2 trees that absorb CO2 m). 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Vegan Views 15 Turning the Page on 2008

Ring out the Old. Ring in the New wrote poet Alfred Tennyson 2008 has been a year full of crises - An indication that our present way of living cannot be sustained. So we must look to new patterns of behaviour. We have seen dramatic rises in the prices of grains which are the basis of subsistence for the great masses of the poorest in the world. Also rocketing oil prices have threatened the future availability of the energy supply on which our production depends, as well as increasing transport costs. Now we face a banking and financial crisis that threatens to undermine economies worldwide and create a long recession such as was experienced in the 1930s. These crises have overshadowed the even more serious longstanding crisis of the earth's whole environment due to human activities. Global warming and Climate Change threaten our actual life support system.

Veganism will not solve all of these problems, but would bring a great improvement in food availability and help combat climate change. Changing to a vegan diet releases more land for the production of grains and other basic crops for human nutrition, because animal farming requires much more land (and water - another scarce resource) than a vegan diet does. If animals ceased to be grazed on the regions bordering the Sahara and trees were planted - trees bearing nuts. oils, medicines and profitable things, the desert could be reclaimed. This is being done with the help of non-profit organisations and proving a huge benefit to the local people. Ruminant animals release methane gas which is highly destructive of the ozone layer that protects us against global warming. Planting trees helps store CO2 which also reduces the ozone layer. A change to a vegan diet may not be the only change we need to make in the coming years in order for the human race to reverse its destructive lifestyle, but it would be a huge step forward to the realisation of that happy outcome and make the world a wonderful place to live in. It is a step that anyone can easily and simply take. It seems a drastic, even frightening, change for some people, perhaps for most people. Most vegans, however find it a joyous and liberating experience. Just eat more pasta or rice dishes and you will be doing the world and its inhabitants a favour. Come and join the fun. You will save the planet as a side effect. Harry Mather

How Many Cows are there in China? In September 2008 there was a scandal about polluted cow's milk making thousands of Chinese babies severely ill. About four of them dying. It was said that melamine had been added to the milk to enhance its protein content. Melamine is used in the production of plastics and of fertilisers. It may also have found its way into eggs and some animal feeds. Although there are regulations against its use in China, the drive for maximising production means that regulations are not always strictly enforced. Some of this contaminated milk has even found its way into exported foodstuffs. But why oh why were Chinese babies being given cow's milk? Cows used to be unknown in China. Presumably babies were nourished on human milk, as is perfectly natural. Chinese people have even been known, when pressed, to comment on how odd it seemed to them to consider cow's milk as part of a human diet. We can only assume that the modern Chinese, who are increasing their meat consumption in imitation of what they consider to be part of the affluent Western lifestyle that they aspire to, are also taking milk products to be a sign of affluence. For about five thousand years the Chinese have used soya beans, mostly fermented as Tofu as a rich source of protein. It would be a shame if they switched over to animal farming, especially in view of the negative impact this would have on the environment , such as inefficient use of land and emission of methane gases. HM

16 Vegan Views