Part V

Future Outlook for Research and Development on Cash Crop Halophytes and Foundation of ISHU, a New Scientific Society Introduction to Part V - Gold Medal award

The Concerted Action "Sustainable Utilisation of During this meeting the new International Society Halophytes in the Tropical and Dry Regions" lasted of Halophyte Utilisation (ISHU) was founded. Many from May 1996 until May 2000. It ended at the time activities and individual groups branched out after that when the EXPO 2000 started. This event allowed the meeting. The following chapter summarizes the first members to present their achievements, concepts and two years' activity of the new society. It will continue future goals conveniently to a large audience. in many ways and we expect that several more Until May 2000 the following activities were volumes will develop, presenting research and devel• prepared: opment of halophyte production systems with irriga• tion using saline and other unconventional waters. We 1. A presentation of halophytes and their utilisation in have compiled the list of publications in this volume the Botanical Garden of the University ofOsnabrueck in order to serve as a resource book for future devel• as part of the OBE 2000, a regional activity mainly opments. At the end of this volume we provide a list covering soil problems of various kinds. with all species names reported to be salt tolerant to a certain degree. 2. A presentation of halophytes in the Hall "Nutrition" at the EXPO 2000 in Hannover, together with com• monly used vegetables. 3. Opening to the public the pilot projects of the Concerted Action of the European Community, "Sustainable Utilisation of Halophytes" in Morocco, Tunesia, Egypt, Italy, Spain and Germany. 4. Selling halophyte meals for one week to the stu• dents of the University of Osnabrueck. 5. The development of a home page within the frame of the OBE 2000, the University of Osnabrueck and the Institute of Environmental Systems Research: www.usf.uni-osnabrueck.de/projects/ expo 2000.

This home page was visited during the lead time of the EXPO 2000 almost 100,000 times with 62,000 visit• ing from outside of the University and covering all continents. For this achievements received the Concerted Action a Gold Medal from the EXPO 2000 for world wide projects (Figure 1). A part of the closing activities of the Concerted Action "Sustainable Utilisation of Halophytes in the Tropical and Dry Regions" organised the group a Fig. 1. Gold medal for international projects awarded to the workshop at the Botanical Garden of the University of Concerted Action project "Sustainable halophyte utilisation in the Osnabrueck, the meeting from which many chapters Mediterranean and subtropical dry regions" by the EXPO 2000 in of this book originated. Hannover, Germany. 199

H. Lieth (ed.), Cash Crop Halophytes: Recent Studies, 199. © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. The foundation of an International Society of Halophyte Utilisation (ISHU) 25.06.2002 in Osnabrueck/Germany

Deliberations at the founding session. The official registration can be undertaken with the The undersigning persons agree to found an inter• assistance of the Secretary and the Treasurer. national society for the development of halophyte The President is empowered to undertake all steps utilisation. to enact the foundation of the society in the intention The society will be named the "International of the founding members. Society for Halophyte Utilisation". Out of the found• ing members we elect as: Signatures: Helmut Lieth, Vito Sardo, Noomene Sleimi, Chedly Abdelly, Mokhtar Zarrouk, A.I Joshi, Jose President - Helmut Lieth Ramon Noriega, Xiaojing Liu, Hassan EI-Shaer Vice-President - Hassan EI-Shaer After the founding session the following persons arrived Secretary - Marina Mochtchenko and joint the new society: Cherif Harrouni, Salma Daoud, Ajmal Khan, Benno Boeer, Nebiha Mohammed, Treasurer - Vito Sardo. Amnon Bustan, Michael DePew. As members of the governing board we select Atef From this meeting the following resolution was Hamdy, Xiaojing Liu and Ramon Noriega. formulated (Table 1). This resolution served success• The President is asked to undertake necessary fully as bond for the activities of the members of the action for a legal registration of the new society. society.

Table 1. Resolution to initiate the new international Rand D society "International Society of Halophyte Utilisation" (lSHU)

The participants at the final meeting of the EU CA group "Sustainable Utilisation of Halophytes" on occasion of the EXPO 2000 agreed to present a resolution to the public through the internet. After some discussion the following text was adopted: Resolution I. The network of experts for halophyte utilisation and the use of unconventional irrigation water developed by the EU CA group be enlarged and structured as a new Association (NGO) or private corporation. 2. The scope of the new organisation will be the promotion of the sustainable utilisation of halophytes through research, application and education. 3. The importance and feasibility of halophyte production systems be demonstrated through pilot projects in relevant countries. 4. Private enterprise be encouraged to implement trial plantations and/or halophyte utilisation projects. 5. A governing board for the new organisation be developed expediently. 6. The new board be asked to have international organisations and/or funding agencies as well as private investors approached to explain the importance of future halophyte utilisation and request funding and support for special projects identified by members ofthe new association. 7. The new association will issue a biannual or quarterly newsletter. 8. Assist in the creation of environmental awareness groups world wide, related to the future importance of utilising halophytes. 9. Assist in the development of an international gene bank of halophytes. 10. Preliminary Center for the governing board be the institute of Environmental Systems Research at the University of OsnabruecklGermany.' Contact address: [email protected] or [email protected]; [email protected] or [email protected] Signed by: N. Sleimi/Tunisia, C. Abdelly/Tunisia, M. ZarrouklTunisia, V. Sardo/Italy, A. J. Joshi/India, J. R. Noriega/Mexico, X. LiulChina, H. M. El Shaer/Egypt, Ch. Harrouni/Morocco, S. Daoud/Morocco, M. A KhaniPakistan, B. Boeer/UAE, Nebiha Mohamed/Ethiopia-UAE, A. BustaniIsrael, M. DePew/USA, H. LiethiGermany. Persons interested in the newly developing activity are kindly requested to contact the preliminary headquarter via e-mail to [email protected]

'Since 2001 the preliminary center is moved to the following address: Marina Mochtchenko, Johann Heinrich-Lieth. Str. 2, D-52525 Kuerten-Duerscheid, Tel/Fax: 49 2207 706920. The old address may still be used.

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H. Lieth (ed.), Cash Crop Halophytes: Recent Studies, 201. © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Activities of ISHU

Summary of the activities of ISHU and the Concerted RECENT ACTIVITIES Action project "Sustainable Utilisation of Halophytes FOR RESEARCH AND in the Tropical and Dry Regions". DEVELOPMENT WORK BY Actions undertaken by the Steering Committee ISHU MEMBERS since the foundation in May 2000. Due to the intensive workload during the years 2000 The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have greatly affected and 2001 it was impossible to get the people together research possibilities in the Near East region. This for the registration procedure. The organisational and included the cooperative projects on halophytes and scientific work, however, began immediately. saline irrigation systems. The editorial work for this In 15-22 September 2001 was the first Congress volume and especially for the Quest conference in organised in Huanghua, China by Xiaojing Liu. The Doha/Qatar was also delayed. results of the meeting were published in 2002 in the The International Center for Biosaline Agriculture book "Proceedings of International Symposium on (lCBA) in Dubai maintained its work at home and Halophyte Utilisation and Regional Sustainable opened new cooperative projects in countries outside Development ofAgriculture" compiled by Xiaojing Liu of the war-affected area. See ICBA Strategic plan and Helmut Lieth. The table of content is shown in 2000-2004, Annual report 2000 and Biosalinity News Table 1. vol. 3. 2002 and volume 4.2003. In 2002 two meetings were organised. January 2002 The working group in Osnabriick was able to in Doha/Qatar the meeting entitled "QUEST 2002 for continue a project in the AmudaIjev Delta region MENA" was organised by Benno Boeer. The abstract of Usbekistan which they had started in 2001 as volume of that meeting, prepared by H. Lieth,U. an INTAS-Aralsee project: see homepage Herpin, B. Boer and A. Kotb was published prior to < www.usf.uni-osnabrueck.de/proj ects/ aral> . the meeting. From this Volume we present in Table 2 Our member, Dr. Boeer continued his work also as the statements by Boer et al. member of the UNESCO Doha office, mostly outside The final wording of these recommendations in the war-affected region. form of an activity programme is presently in prepara• Our member Ramon Noriega cooperated with the tion by the Supreme Counsel of the Environment of Ocean Desert Enterprise (ODE), Amsterdam in devel• the State of Qatar. oping a saline systems project in the Colorado Delta April 2002 a meeting in CairolEgypt was organised area of Mexican Baja California. by Hassan EI-Shaer as a starting point for halophyte The evaluation meeting for the project was utilisation in inland semideserts as fodder bases for organised by Jeanette Hock in April 2003, during sheep and goats. The proceedings of this conference which the working group presented the plan for the are still in preparation. development of an entire saline systems-based com• Due to the intense work load the governing board munity whose income stems initially mainly from decided to delay the official registration and have the agriculture and forestry and some services to a nearby administrative work executed within the frame of the nature reserve. The ecological sustainability and eco• Institute for Environmental Systems Research of nomical feasibility was presented in two report vol• the University of Osnabrueck where the President umes: Colorado Delta Proposal (March 2003) and and the Secretary had their offices at that time. Their Reader peer meeting (April 2003). The reports activities were documented in the home page listed demonstrate how the group has planned the land use below. and community development. They plan to get their

203

H. Lieth (ed.), Cash Crop Halophytes: Recent Studies, 203-207. © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. 204 Activities of1SHU income initially mainly through Cluesener-Godt, Dr. Miguel, Unesco Paris/France - Salicornia bigelovii production and other salinity Huchzermeyer, Dr. Bernhard, Univ. Hannover/ tolerant vegetables later on; Germany - Wood production with local Tamarix species, Depew, Mr. Michael, ETS Pineland,FLI USA Prosopis and a foreign Eucalyptus species; - Melioration work for the nearby nature reserve; Tadano, Dr. Toshiki, Tokio/Japan - Improvement of fisheries and aquaculture in general. Liu, Dr. Xiaojing, lAM CAS Shijizhuang, Hebei/ China While this volume appears on the market we see that Razakov, Dr. Rustam, Technc. University Tashkent! all members ofISHU are continuing their work for the Usbekistan promotion of the Cashcrop Halophyte Concept. For Karimov, Dr. Bakthiyor, Inst. Waterproblems the Former Osnabriick group, Dr. Huchzermeyer at Tashkent!Uzbekistan the Botanical Institute of the University of Hannover Joldasova, Dra Ilja, Karakalpak Acad. Science, is presently collecting plans and proposals for future Nukus/Uzbekistan grant applications. For the Agadir/Morokko working Bustan, Dr. Amnon, Ben Gurion Univ. Beer Sheva/ group Dr. Harrouni plans an "Island system" for halo• Israel phyte production, where the main energy is generated Koyro, Dr. H.-W., Uni-Giessen/ Germany by wind. Khan, Dr. Ajmal, Uni-Karachi/Pakistan Electronic addresses 1. E-mails: 2. Internet pages Al Attar, Dr. Mohammad, ICBA Dubai / UAE < www.usf.uni-osnabrueck.de/proj ects> Taha, Dr. Faisal, ICBA Dubai UAE Lieth, Dr. Helmut, USF, University of Osnabrueck Literature Germany Mochtchenko, Mrs. Marina, ISHU at Lambda Digitec AI-Attar, Mohammad 2002 Strategic plan 200-2004 KuerteniGermany 70 p. Dubai International Center for Biosaline Van Dieren, Dr. Wouter, IMSA Amsterdam/ Agriculture. Netherlands Biosaline News 2002 vol. 3 Dubai leBA Hoek, Mrs. Jeanette, ODE AmsterdamlNetherlands Biosaline News 2003 Vol. 4 Dubai ICBA International Center for Biosaline Agriculture 2001 Noriega, ing .. Jose Ramon, Ensenada, Baja California, Annual Report 142111422H 58 p. Dubai ICBA Mexico Lieth, H and Schlueter, M. 2002 Periodic Report Hamdy, Prof. Atef, IAMB. Valenzano/Bari, Italy INTAS-Aralsea 00-1039 16p. website: Chedly, Dr. Abdelly, INRST, Hamam Lif/Tunesia Ocean Desert Enterprises 2003 Colorado Delta Project. A biosaline solution for saline desert with a Casador Dra.Isabel Univ. Lisboa LisboniPortugal shallow water table. 47 p. ODCO 134 Amsterdam ODE Harrouni,Dr. Cherif, IAV Hassan II Agadir/Morocco Ocean Desert Enterprises 2003 Reader Peer meeting ODE/SSM April 2003 152 p. Amsterdam RSSR025 El Shaer, Dr. Hassan, DRC El Mataria, Cairo/Egypt ODE Sardo, Dr. Vito, Univ. Catania/Italy Boeer, Dr. Benno, Unesco regional office Doha/Qatar Activities of[SHU 205

Table 1. Table of Contents from the proceedings of the International Symposium on Halophyte Utilisation and Regional Sustainable Development of Agriculture

Foreword fIJ~ 9=' ml!IL1:lt4?8tJ

!IL.:t&)jftj~~~ilJ~~~Ji ...... :X'tJ/hij(~(14)

I:J:t ml!IL1:lt4?8)jftj ...... fe:#t~(26)

jj P3;r~#t*tI~tHt*tJSeed Germination in Halophytes ...... M. Ajmal Khan et al(56) Seed Germination of Halophytes Exposed to High Salinity and Temperature in the Seed Bank ...... Bilquees Gul et al ( 69) Evaluation of Relations between Osmoprotectants and Inorganic Solute Concentrations in Plant and Soil Samples Collected from Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China ...... Jinghua ZHANG et al (77) Determination of Betaines and Other Solutes in Plants Grown under Saline Conditions and Application of Glycine Betaine to Leguminous Plants ...... '" ...... ,...... N aoki Nishimura et al (88) Osmo-Regulatory Effect of Glycine Betaine on Plant Growth under Salt Stress ...... Sunao Yamazaki et al (96) Strategies of the Halophyte Spartina Townsendiito Avoid Salt Injury ...... · .. · ...... Hans-Werner Koyro(105) ACC ~:l1I:!lLMHf!~Jf1:*li~TfJJ ~~~~:IIftWtJ

Table 1. (Cont.)

fllJlHIiI OO!Imtt*j~HfifiHtW!t~lf#~:M~ .. · ...... fm~7J~ (155) IT T ~.W!t~~HJm trJifj~ ~ 1l ~.&~~ I~Hm 1(iifiHt'i1: 1jJf fE ...... *f.k~ ~ ( 161) W!t~Jftf~~1tfll~ CDH ~~tt:f*I¥JN1: ...... fm~7J~(166) ~~m~ifiHttt~:Mf:..j.~~I¥J1jJffE"·"·"·"·"·"·"·"·"·"·"·"·"·"·"·"·"·"· .:E~$~(175) NaCl MJ:i§:x;f:;ffEJ tfir#~#.iA1lfEB~~n~ ...... :Efft~(179) Experiments with Phragmitis Australis for Treatment of Waste Water from Oil Industry in Oman ...... George Heading et al (183) The Importance of Halophytes in Carbon Cycling in Salt Marshes ...... , ...... I. Cacador et al (199) ~iiJ~t!§~mit±±:I:l~it1:tt¥A~*~VEI¥J1jJffE'" ...... *flHI~(200) **ttit1:tt~xli!j(titfllflJfflit~±:I:lI¥J1jJffE"'''''''''''''''' ...... *~~(203) ~~$jil±:I:l*itjg~~$iA~1jJf3i;' .. "·"·"·"· ...... ~UUtt~(210) .M.::.JfJ?}H~mitJiUI!!.1:~~atit~ffim: .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · *:tf$~(217) 9=tOOit~1!!!.:lir*~{tI¥JJj~13~l& .. · .. · ...... ~!Ht.(221) tH4}PiJit'i1:tm.&±~~j!tt*1jJf~ .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · *~ ~~(226) ~=5 S !l!titEit~±:I:lL~~EYtt.&:&JlUtrlt .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · *;!;JiX~(232) t9J!l~mittt.&tEmm~lfflfl!it~±:I:lL~:&RUtr ... · .. · ...... iit;;~~(235) it1:tt~-9=t}JE~.I¥J7f:&1jJf~ .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · ...... :E~$~(238) M~t!§it1:tt~~7if1fl"-m:I¥J1JJzv1jJf~ .. · ...... *mm~(242) .~iiJ'=' JfJ mI tlL1:!l!f ~ **~.&J't 7f:&oo It .. · ...... :E ~$~ (247) _}l~ AI~j!13tfir ~~lf1JHIl .. · ...... 1l~f.k~~(253)

f!f9P,it:!t!!_~.A~M1tfJJ:I* ...... *~~~(260) Prospects of Halophytic Plants Utilisation under Saline Irrigation in Morocco ...... '" ...... M. C. Harrouni et al (263) Yfm#Ht{tm±~1:tt4ti3I*.&~~1JHIl .. · .. · .. ·· .... · .. · ...... XlJ~EH~(265) AI!/t1jttEmm~lfflfl!tlL~±:I:lL~~JE'&EYffl .. · .. · ...... iit;;Z~~(269) ;(1- ttfff tfir ** ~ ifit:'i1: * *JT ...... '" ...... •.• ...... i~ 1t!!* ~ (275) NaCl H~:i§:r~~m~;ltt@1:Jj~'i1:I¥J1jJffE ...... ~~~~(278) The Selection of Salt and Drought Tolerance of Winter Wheat in Semi-arid and Salt Affected Region of North China Plain ...... Mengyu LIU et al (282) it~Yf:ft9=tMttlHLU1{.li!i~tt~~1:**I¥J1:~~g)(· .... ·· .... · .. ·· .. ············ f~IM~(288) 1t1:~~**x;fit{t±:I:l9=tJR.R~*.&r::l:I¥J~n~ ...... :XTJ-1l~(300) Pakistan Community Development Project for the Rehabilitation of Saline and Waterlogged Lands: UNDP/ AusAID Project ...... Anwar-UI-Haq(305) ~fW$:ili:~mit:_1!!!.ff:&flJfflfJJW~~···"· ...... ~~m~(313) m~w wtlLil1!!!.7f:&flJffl l¥J1jJffE~~~"'"'''' ...... **fJ(317) The Hebei 2001 Recommendations by the International Society of Halophyte Utilisation '" ...... (321) Activities ofISHU 207

Table 2. Statement for Quest 2002 for Mena by the conference steering committee B. Boer, A. Almuftha, N. Al-Muraikhi, F. Alqrimli, E.A. Elhag and A. Kotb

The Arabian Region and the Middle East are among many regions of the world currently facing a process of rapid development together with a lack of environmental management capacity. Adverse environmental impacts include:

- Loss of the natural and cultural heritage - Habitat loss and fragmentation - Pollution of water, soil, air and biota - Depletion of resources - Declining primary and secondary productivity - Declining biological diversity

These impacts will lead to declining economically essential resources, which will result in undesired costs and losses in the resource based economies, which in turn will cause the loss of jobs and income. Good environmental research is the prerequisite towards all disciplines of environmental management, such as environmental education, environmental legislation, environmental protection and restoration, environmental development and environmental law enforcement. Numerous organisations have been established and activities have been initiated in each of the regions countries, towards the improvement of environmental management. These are essential to minimise adverse environmental impacts, as well as to allow for sustainable human development. The QUEST Conference (Qatar United for the Environment, Science & Technology) aims to contribute to the improvement of all disciplines, which are necessary towards environmental management. The conference brings together environmental experts from Arabia, Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America with expertise relevant for the Middle East and North Africa. The QUEST Conference will culminate, via scientific and technical presentations and workshops, in the development of seven recommendations :

- Women's contribution towards environmental management - Marine Resources - Terrestrial Resources - Freshwater supply and saline Water utilisation - Industrial pollution and Ecotoxicology - Protected areas and Sustainable development - Environmental legislation, standards and regulations. Publications of the Concerted Action members relevant to the program

Abdelly, c., Zid, E., Hajji, M. and Grignon, C. Biomass produc• Report No. 16. Environmental Research and Wildlife tion and nutrition of Medicago species associated with halo• Development Agency, Abu Dhabi, 1997; 17 pp. phytes on the edge of sebkha in Tunisia. In Choukr-Allah, R., Boer, B. and Gliddon, D. Abu Dhabi's coastal zone - Malcolm, C.v. and Hamdy, A., editors. Halophytes and bios• conservation requirements and land use potentials. In aline agriculture. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, USA, 1996; International Conference on Water Management, Salinity 313-24. and Pollution Control towards Sustainable Irrigation in Abdelly, C. Mecanismes d'une association de luzernes spon• the Mediterranean Region. Instituto di Bari, Italy, 22- tanees et de halophytes perennes en bordure de sebkha. These 26 September 1997. de Doctorat d'Etat, Faculte des Sciences de Tunis, Universite Boer, B. and Gliddon, D. The vegetation of Abu Dhabi. Internal de Tunis II. 1997,290 pp. Research Report NO.7. Environmental Research and Wildlife Abdelly, c., Sleimi, N., Soltani, A., Hajji, M. and Grignon, C. Development Agency, Abu Dhabi, 1997; 46 pp. Improvment perspectives of pastures in strongly salted zones. Boer, B. Anthropogenic Factors and their potential impacts on In Lieth, H., Hamdy, A. and Koyro, H.-W, editors. Actes de the sustainable development of Abu Dhabi's terrestrial bio• la Conference Internationale Water Management, Salinity logical resources. Int J Sustain Develop World Ecol 1998 (in and Pollution Control Towards Sustainable Irrigation in the press). Mediterranean Region. Session speciale: Salinity problems Boer, B. New wetland plants for the UAE: Potamogeton pectinatus and halophytes use, 1997; 99-118. L. and Zannichellia palustris L. Tribulus, 1998 (in press). Abdelly, c., Lachaal, M. and Grignon, C. Importance of micro• Boer, B. and Gliddon, D. Mapping of coastal ecosystems and heterogeneity of salinity and fertility for maintenance of plant halophytes in Abu Dhabi. Aust J Freshwater Marine Bioi diversity. In Lieth, H. et aI., editors. Progress in biometeorol• (in press). ogy, Vol. 13, Halophyte uses in different climates I. Backhuys Ca<;ador, I., Vale, C. and Catarino, E Accumulation of Zn, Pb, Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, 1999; 65-76. Cu and Ni in sediments between roots of the Tagus estuary Al-Jaloud, A.A. Use of saline water for irrigation in Saudi salt marshes. Port Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 1996; Arabia. In: Halophyte uses in different climates II. In Lieth, H., 42:393-403. editor. Progress in Biometeorology, Vol. 14. Halophyte crop Ca<;ador, I., Mascarenhas, I. and Mascarenhas, P. Seasonal vari• development for different climates. Backhuys Publishers, ations of biomass of Spartina maritima, Halimione portula• Leiden, The Netherlands, 1999; 105-19. coides and Arthrocnemum fruticosum in Tagus estuary salt Aziz, I. and Khan, M.A. Physiological adaptations to seawater marshes. Port Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 1997; 43:234-40. concentration in Avicennia marina from Indus delta, Ca<;ador, I., Vale, C. and Catarino, E Relationships between Pakistan. Pak J Bot (in press). metal concentration and organic matter content in the Tagus Aziz, I. and Khan, M.A. Effect of salinity on the growth, ionic estuary salt marsh sediments. Marine Environ Res 1997; composition and water relations of Ceriops tagal from Miani 32:80-87. Hor, Pakistan. Aquatic Bot 2000 (in press). Ca<;ador, I., Mascarenhas, I. and Mascarenhas, P. Biomass of Belligno, A., La Loggia, E, Sambuco, E and Sardo, V. Spartina maritima, Halimione portulacoides and Experiences on Vetivergrass Salinity Tolerance of Plants. In Arthrocnemum fruticosum in Tagus estuary salt marshes. Proceedings of the Special Session of Non-conventional Marine Environ Res 1999; 40:33-43. Water Resources Practices and Management, IAV Hassan II, Ca<;ador, I., Vale, C. and Catarino, E Relationships between Rabat, Morocco, 1999. metal concentrations and organic matter content in the Tagus Boer, B. New wetland plants in the UAE. Tribulus 7.1,1997; 22-23. Estuary salt marsh sediments. In Lieth, H., editor. Halophyte Boer, B. Saltwater plants for agriCUlture along the Arabian uses in different climates I. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Gulf - an ecologically valuable concept (In German: Netherlands, 1999a; 105-12. Salzwasserpflanzen fur die Landwirtschaft am Arabischen Ca<;ador, I., Vale, C. and Catarino, E Seasonal variation of Zn, Golf - Ein okologisch wertvolles Konzept). Kurier, 1997. Pb, Cu and Cd concentrations in the root-sediment system of Boer, B. An introduction to habitat management techniques in Spartina maritima and Halimione portulacoides from Tagus Abu Dhabi. Internal Research Report No. 15. Environmental estuary sallt marshes. Marine Environ Res 2000; 49:279-90. Research and Wildlife Development Agency, Abu Dhabi, Cutore, L., La Loggia, E and Sardo, V. A quick test to assess 1997; 28 pp. salinity tolerance of plants. In Proceedings of the Special Boer, B. Anthropogenic factors and their potential impacts on Session of Non-conventional Water Resources Practices and the terrestrial habitats of Abu Dhabi. Internal Research Management, IAV Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco, 1999. 209

H. Lieth (ed.), Cash Crop Halophytes: Recent Studies, 209-212. © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. 210 Publications of CA members

El-Shaer, H.M. Rangelands as feed resources in the Egyptian Khan, M.A. and Aziz, S. Some aspects of salinity, plant density, desert: management and improvement. In Proceedings of the and nutrient effects on Cressa cretica L.J. PI Nut 1998; International Conference on Desert Development in the Arab 21:769-84. Gulf Countries, State of Kuwait, 23-26 March 1996. Khan, M.A., Ungar, LA. and Gul, B. Action of compatible EI-Shaer, H.M. Practical approaches for improving utilization osmotica and growth regulators in alleviating the effect of of feed resources under extensive production system in sinai. salinity on the germination of dimorphic seeds of In Proc Inter Symp. on Systems of sheep and goat production, Arthroenemum indieum L. Int J PI Sci 1998; 159:313-17. Bella, Italy, 25-27 October 1997. Khan, M.A, Ungar, LA. and Showalter, AM. Growth, water, EI-Shaer, H.M. Sustainable utilisation of halophytic plant and ion relationships of a leaf succulent perennial halophyte, species as livestock fodder in Egypt. In Water management, Suaedafrutieosa (L.) Forssk. Ann Bot 1998. salinity and pollution control towards sustainable irrigation in Khan, M.A, Ungar, LA and Showalter, AM. The effect of the Mediterranean region: Salinity problems and halophyte salinity on growth, ion content, and osmotic relations in use. Tecnomack Publication, Bari, 1997; 171-85. Halopyrum mueronatum (L.) Stapf. J PI Nut 1998. EI-Shaer, H.M. and Kandil, H.M. Potential of Amplex species as Khan, M.A., Ungar, LA, Showalter, A.M. and Dewald, H. NaCl• fodder shrubs under the arid conditions of Egypt. In Lieth, H., induced accumulation of glycinebetaine in four subtropical editor. Halophyte uses in different climates II. Halophyte crop halophytes from Pakistan. Physiol Plant 1998; 102:487-92. development for different climates, Vol. 14, Progress in biome• Khan, M.A. and Ungar, LA Germination of salt tolerant shrub teorology. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, Suaeda frutieosa from Pakistan: Salinity and temperature 1999; 87-95. responses. Seed Sci and Techno11998; 26:657-67 (UK). EI-Shaer, H.M., Fahmy, AA, Abdul-Aziz, G.M., Shalaby, AS. Khan, M.A, Ungar, LA and Showalter, A.M. The effect of and Abd El Gawad, AM. Nutritional Evaluation of some salinity on growth, ion content, and osmotic relations in halophytic silages fed to goats in Sinai. In Proceedings of the Halopyrum mueronatum (L.) Stapf. J PI Nut 1999; International Conference on Goats, 15-18 May 2000, Tourse, 22: 191-204. France, 2000. Khan, M.A. Comparative influence of salinity and temperature Germani!, e., Cutore, L. and Sardo, V. Assessing tolerance to on the germination of subtropical halophytes. In Lieth, H., irrigation water salinity in five woody plants. In Proceedings Moschenko, M., Lohman, M., Koyro, H.-Wand Hamdy, A, ofthe Special Session on Non-conventional Water Resources, editors. Halophyte uses in different climates I: ecological and Practices and Management, Rabat, Morocco, 1999. ecophysiological studies. Progress in biometeriology, Vol. 13. Germani!, C., Cutore, L. and Sardo, V. Assessing tolerance to Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 1999,77-88. irrigation water salinity in five woody plants. In Proceedings Khan, M.A, Ungar, LA and Showalter, A.M. Salt tolerance in of the Special Session of Non-conventional Water Resources, the subtropical perennial halophyte Atriplex griffithii Moq. Practices and Management, IAV Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco, var. stoeksii Boiss. Ann Bot 2000; 85:225-32. 1999. Khan, M.A., Ungar, LA. and Showalter, AM. Growth, water, Guizar, S., Khan, M.A. and Ungar, LA Effect of temperature and ion relationships of a leaf succulent perennial halophyte, and salinity on the germination of Uroehondra setulosa. Seed Suaedafrutieosa (L.) Forssk. J Arid Environ 2000 (in press). Sci Technol 2000 (in press). Koyro, H.-W, Wegmann, L., Lehmann, H. and Lieth, H. Hamdy, A and Lieth, H. Advance short course on saline Adaptation of the mangrove Laguneularia raeemosa to high irrigation: halophyte production and utilisation. 6-15 April, NaCI salinity. In Moschenko, M., Menzel, U. and Lieth, H., 1999. Agadir, Morocco Bari-Valenzano, lAM Bari, 1999; editors. Proceedings of the Al Ain meeting, report volume 363 pp. No.1, CEC concerted action Sustainable halophyte utilisation Hamdy, A, Lieth, H., Todorovic, M. and Moschenko, M. in the Mediterranean and subtropical dry regions, 1996; 15-16. Halophyte uses in different climates II. In Lieth, H., editor. Koyro, H.-W Ultrastructural and physiological changes in root Progress in biometeorology, Vol. 14. Halophyte crop devel• cells of Sorghum plants (Sorghum bieolor X S. sudanesis cv. opment for different climates. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Sweet Sioux) induced by NaC!. J Exp Bot 1997; 48:693-706. The Netherlands, 1999. Koyro, H. -Wand Huchzermeyer, B. Starting a reference system Harrouni, M.e., Daoud, S., El Alami, A., Debbagh, B. et al. for the biochemical evaluation of salt stress effects on Responses of some halophytes to seawater irrigation in C4-type plants. In Lieth, H., editor. Annual report about Morocco. In Lieth, H., editor. Halophyte uses in different cli• Sustainable halophyte utilisation in the Mediterranean and mates II. Progress in biometeorology, Vol. 14. Halophyte crop subtropical dry regions. CEC concerted action Sustainable development for different climates. Backhuys Publishers, halophyte utilisation in the Mediterranean and subtropical Leiden, The Netherlands, 1999; 57-77. dry regions, 1997; 23-5. Khan, M.A. and Ungar, LA. Germination responses of the sub• Koyro, H.-W, Wegmann, L., Bezerra-Neto, E. and Lieth, H. tropical annual halophyte Zygophyllum simplex. Seed Sci Influence of sodium chloride on the physiology of the man• Technol1997; 25:83-91. grove Laguneularia raeemosa L. In Congresso Brasiliero de Khan, M.A. and Ungar, LA. Alleviation of seed dormancy in the Ciencia do solo, 26, 1997. Rio de Janeiro, Anais. Brazil: desert forb Zygophyllum simplex L. from Pakistan. Ann Bot Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo (ed.), arq297.doc, 1997; 80:395-400. CD-ROM, 1997; 5 pp. Khan, M.A. Seed germination characteristics of Halopyrum Koyro, H.-Wand Huchzermeyer, B. Progress of the physio• mueronatum: a coastal dune grass from Pakistan. Can J Bot logical studies relevant for the CA. In Lieth, H., editor. 1998; 67:455-61. Annual report CEC concerted action Sustainable halophyte Publications of CA members 211

utilisation in the Mediterranean and tropical dry regions, Koyro, H.-W, Wegmann, L., Lehmann, H. and Lieth, H. 1997; 26-9. Adaptation of the mangrove Languncularia racemosa to high Koyro, H.-W, Wegmann, L., Lehmann, H. and Lieth, H. NaCI salinity. In Lieth, H., Moschenko, M., Lohmann, M., Adaptation of the mangrove Laguncularia racemosa to high Koyro, H.-Wand Hamdy, A., editors. Progress in bio• NaCI salinity. In Lieth, H., editor. Annual report CEC con• meteorology, Vol. 13. Halophyte uses in different climates I. certed action Sustainable halophyte utilisation in the Ecological and ecophysiological research. Backhuys Mediterranean and tropical dry regions, 1997; 43-44. Publishers, Leiden, 1999; 43-64. Koyro, H.-W Sustainable use of halophytes under artificial Koyro, H.-W. and Huchzermeyer, B. Salt and drought stress conditions in a sea-water irrigation system. In Lieth, H., effects on metabolic regulation in maize. In Pessarakli, M., Moschenko, M., Menzel, u., Braun, G. and Koyro, H.-W., editor. Handbook of plant and crop stress, 2nd edn. Marcel editors. Brochure about the sustainable use of halophytes in Dekker Inc., New York, USA, 1999; 843-78. Mediterranean and sUbtropical dry regions, 1997; 6-8. Koyro, H.-Wand Huchzermeyer, B. Plant and crop stress: salt Koyro, H.-Wand Huchzermeyer, B. The physiological response and drought stress effects on metabolic regulation in maize. of Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima to sea water irrigation. In In Hamdy, A. and Lieth, H., editors. Saline irrigation: halo• Lieth, H., Hamdy, A. and Koyro, H.-W, editors. Water man• phyte production and utilization. Tecnomack Publications, agement, salinity and pollution control towards sustainable Bari, 1999; 251-322. irrigation in the Mediterranean region: salinity problems and Koyro, H.-W Effect of high NaCI-salinity on plant growth, leaf halophyte use. Tecnomack Publications, Bari, 1997; 29-50. morphology, and ion composition in leaf tissues of Beta Koyro, H.-W, Wegmann, L., Lehmann, H. and Lieth, H. vulgaris ssp. maritima. J Appl Bot 74:67-73. Physiological mechanisms and morphological adaptation of Lieth, H., Moschenko, M., Menzel, u., Lohmann, M., Braun, G. Laguncularia racemosa to high salinity. In Lieth, H., and Koyro, H.-W Sustainable use of halophytes under artifi• Hamdy, A. and Koyro, H.-W, editors. Water management, cial conditions in a sea-water irrigation system. Lieth, H., edi• salinity and pollution control towards sustainable irrigation in tor. Brochure about the sustainable use of halophytes in the mediterranean region: salinity problems and halophyte Mediterranean and subtropical dry regions. 1997; 15 pp. use. Tecnomack Publishers, Bari, 1997; 51-78. Lieth, H. und Koyro, H.-W Dauerhafte Nutzung von Halophyten Koyro, H.-Wand Huchzermeyer, B. Physiological studies of im Mittelmeerraum und in subtropischen Trockenregionen. halophytes under artificial conditions in a sea-water irriga• In: Forschungsfcirderung der Europiiischen Union, Beispiele tion system. In Lieth, H., editor. Short activity report about aus Niedersachsen, Vol. 2. EG-Hochschulbuero Hannover/ Sustainable halophyte utilisation in the Mediterranean and Hildesheim (ed.), Auflage, 1997; 48-49. sUbtropical dry regions. CEC concerted action Sustainable Lieth, H., Hamdy, A. and Koyro, H.-W, editors. Water manage• halophyte utilisation in the Mediterranean and subtropical ment, salinity and pollution control towards sustainable irri• dry regions, 1997,52 pp. gation in the Mediterranean region Bari (Valenzano), Italy, Koyro, H.-W, Lieth, H. and Moschenko, M. Comparison tables 1997; 209 pp. for salinty, measurements within the Concerted Action Lieth, H. Sustainable halophyte utilisation in the Mediterranean IC18CT96-0055 Sustainable use of halophytes. In Lieth, H., and subtropical dry regions. In: Markert B., editor. INTECOL editor. Short activity report about Sustainable halophyte util• 2000 Research activities. Zittau, IHI, 1998; 59-66. isation in the Mediterranean and subtropical dry regions, Lieth, H. Hamdy, A and Koyro, H.-W Agroecology and Annex 4. CEC concerted action Sustainable halophyte utili• sustainability of cashcrop halophytes. In Farina, editor. sation in the Mediterranean and subtropical dry regions, Perspectives in ecology. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The 1997; 55-7. Netherlands, 1998; 309-14. Koyro, H.-W Preliminary comparison tables of the mineral Lieth, H., Moschenko, M., Lohmann, M., Hamdy, A. and content of the water used by the partners of the CA project. In Koyro, H.-W Halophyte uses in different climates I. Lieth, H., Hamdy, A. and Koyro, H.-W, editors. Short activity Ecological and ecophysiological studies. In Lieth, H., editor. report (15.7.1997-15.1.1998) of the EU concerted action Progress in biometeorology, Vol. 13. Backhuys Publishers, Sustainable halophyte utilisation in the Mediterranean and sub• Leiden, The Netherlands, 1999; 258 pp. tropical dry regions. University ofOsnabrueck, 1998; 32-34. Lieth, H. Nachhaltige Nutzung von Salzpflanzen. In Koyro, H.-Wand Lieth, H. Salinity conversion table. 2nd enlarged Biologie in der Schule 49. 2000. Heft 2. Piidagogischer edn. © H. Lieth, Osnabrueck, 1998 (ISSN 09336-3114). Zeitschriftenverlag GmBH & Co. 2000; 120-6 (ISSN 0406- Koyro, H.-Wand Huchzermeyer, B. Salt and drought stress 3317). effects on metabolic regulation in maize. In Pessarakli, M., Lieth, H. and Lohmann, M. Cashcrop Halophytes - for future editor. Handbook of plant and crop stress. Marcel Dekker, halophyte growers. 2000 (ISSN 09336-3114 No. 20). Inc., New York, Basel, 1999; 843-78. Lieth, H., Zeilinger, Z. and Papenbrock, 1. Developing cash Koyro, H.-Wand Huchzermeyer, B. Influence of high NaCI• crops from halophytes. In Projects for Saline Agriculture, salinity on growth, water and osmotic relations of the halophyte International seminar on April 10-12, 2000, Islamabad, Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. Development of a quick check. In Pakistan. Kluwer publisher, The Netherland (in press). Lieth, H., Moschenko, M., Lohmann, M., Koyro, H.-Wand Menzel, U. and Lieth, H. Halophyte Database vers.2.0 1999. Hamdy, A., editors. Progress in biometeorology, Vol. 13. In Lieth, H., editor. Halophyte uses in different climates II. Halophyte uses in different climates I. Ecological and Progress in biometeorology, Vol. 14. Halophyte crop ecophysiological research. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, development for different climates. Backhuys Publishers, 1999; 89-104. Leiden, The Netherlands, 1999; 127-33. 212 Publications of CA members

Merlo, L., Morgana, B., Pennisi, M. and Sardo, V. A. Probabilistic Proceedings of the International Seminar on Indicators for approach in modelling biomass production. In Proceedings 9th assessing desertification in the Mediterranean, Porto Torres, European Bioenergy Conference - Copenhagen, 1996. 1998. Merlo, L., Morgana, B., Sardo, V. and e La Loggia, F. Sardo, V. Irrigating with saline waters: the result of the first Experiences with giant reeds and perennial C4 grasses in year's experience. In Proceedings of the Advanced Short Sicily. In Proceedings of the X European Biomass Course on Saline Irrigation: Halophyte Production and Conference, Wuerzburg, 1998. Utilisation, Agadir, Morocco, 1999. Sardo, V. Experiences with halophytes and non-conventional Sardo, V. Establishment of an experimental field for saline irri• crops in Sicily. In Water management, salinity and pollution gation in Sicily. In Hamdy et aI., editors. Halophyte uses in control towards sustainable irrigation in the Mediterranean different climates II, Vol. 14. Backhuys publishers, Leiden, region. Bari, 22-26 settembre 1997. The Netherlands, 1999. Sardo, V. Irrigation with saline and marginal waters: past, pres• Sieimi N., Abdelly, C., Soltani, A. and Hajji, M. Biomass pro• ent and planned experiences. In Water management, salinity duction and mineral nutrition of Suaeda fruticosa grown on and pollution control towards sustainable irrigation in the high salinity medium in connection with nutrient availability. Mediterranean region, Bari, 22-26 settembre 1997. In Lieth, H. et aI., editors. Progress in biometeorology, Sardo, V. Selecting local spontaneous vegetation to combat Halophyte uses in different climates I, Vol. 13. Backhuys desertification in the Mediterranean environment. In Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, 1999; 7-29. Additional suggested reading

Achmad, A. and San Pietro, A., editors. Prospects of biosaline Ain Conf.1990,T:VS Vol. 27. Kluwer Academic. Publishers, research. Department of Botany, University of Karatchi, Dordrecht, 1993a; 521 pp. Karatchi, 1982. Lieth, H., Al Massoum A.A., editors. Towards the rational use Boyko, H., editor. Saline irrigation for agriculture and forestry. of high salinity tolerant plants, Vol. 2 of the Proc. of the Al Dr. W Junk, The Hauge, 1968,325 pp. Ain Conf. 1990,T: VS Vol. 28. K1uwer Academic Publishers, Choukr-Allah, R., Malcolm, C.Y. and Hamdy, A., editors. Dordrecht, 1993; 448 pp. Halophytes and biosaline agriculture. Marcel Dekker, Lieth, H., Moschenko, M., Lohmann, M., Koyro, H.-Wand New York, 1996,400 pp. Hamdy, A., editors. Halophyte uses in different climates Environmental Research Laboratory. Ornamental Halophytes 1. Ecological and ecophysiological studies. Progress in bio• for landscape use. University of Arizona ERL Tucson, 1987; meteorology, Vol. 13. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 258 pp. unpaginated. Lieth, H., Hamdy, A. and Koyro, H.-W, editors. Water manage• Glenn, E., Miyamoto, S., Moore, D., Brown. J., Thompson, T.L. ment, salinity and pollution control towards sustainable and Brown, P.J. Arid Environ 1997; 36:711-30. irrigation in the mediterranean region. Instituto Agronomico Hamdy, A., editor. Proceedings. of Advanced Short Course on Mediterraneo, Valenzano-Bari, 1997; 209 pp. Sustainable use of nonconventional water resources in the Lieth, H., Berlekamp, J., Fuest, S. and Riediger, S., editors. Mediterranean region. CIHEAM/MAI-Bari and ICARDA Climate diagram world atlas on CD. CD series: climate and (Syria). 18-30 Apri11998, Aleppo, Syria, 1998. biosphere. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 1999. Hamdy, A., Lieth, H., Todorovic, M. and Moschenko, M., Menzel, U. and Lieth, H. Annex 4: Halophyte Database Verso 2. editors. Halophyte uses in different climates 2. Halophyte In: Lieth, H., Moschenko, M., Lohmann, M., Koyro, H.-W crop development: Pilot studies. Progress in Biometeorology, and Hamdy, A., editors. Halophyte uses in different climates Vol. 14. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 1999, 144 pp. 1. Ecological and ecophysiological studies. Progress in biome• Huiskes, A.H.L., Blom, C.WP.M. and Rozema, J., editor. teorology, Vol. 13. Leiden, Backhuys Publishers, 1999; 258 pp. Vegetation between land and sea. Dr. W Junk, The Hauge, Rozema, J. Biology of halophytes. In Choukr-Allah et aI., 340 pp. editors. 1996; 17-30. Huiskes, A.H.L. compo A contribution to the diversification of the Pasternak, D. compo Fodder production with Saline water. Beer• production of vegetable crops by research on the cultivation ShevaiIsrael Institutes for applied research, Ben Gurion methods and selection of halophytes. EU AIR Report, Center University of the Negev, 1990; 173 pp. for Marine Research, Yerseke, Netherlands, 1994; 273 pp. Pasternak, D. and Nerd, A. Research and utilisation of halo• Koyro, H.-Wand Huchzermeyer, B. Influence of high NaCl• phytes in Israel. In Choukr-Allah et aI., editors. 1996; salinity on growth, water and osmotic relations of the 325-48. halophyte Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. Development of a Sen, D. N. and Rajpurohit, K.S. editors. Contributions to the quick check. In Lieth, H., Moschenko, M., Lohmann, M., ecology of halophytes. T:VS Vol. 2. Junk publishers, The Koyro H.-Wand Hamdy A., editors. Progress in Hague, 1982,272 pp. Biometeorology Vol 13. Halophyte uses in different climates Squires, Y.R. and Ayoub, A.T., editors. Halophytes as a resource I. Ecological and ecophysiological research. Backhuys for livestock and for rehabilitation of degraded lands. Kluwer Publishers, Leiden, 1999; 89-104. Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, 1994, 315 pp. Koyro, H.-Wand Lieth, H. Annex 3: Conversion table for com• Teas, H.J., Grossenbacher, C. and Karafel, R. Mangroves as a monly used salinity measures in water, soil and plants or crop in the United States Choukr-Allah et aI., editors. 1996; animals. In: Lieth, H., Moschenko, M., Lohmann, M., 297-312. Koyro, H.-Wand Hamdy, A., editors. Halophyte uses in Whitehead, E.E., Hutchinson, C.F., Timmermann, B.N., different climates 1. Ecological and ecophysiological studies. Varady, R.G., editors. Arid lands today and tomorrow. In Progress in Biometeorology Vol. 13. Backhuys Publishers, Proc. IntI. Res. & Dev. Conf., Tucson AZ, Westview Press, Leiden, 1999; 258 pp. Colorado, 1425, 1425 pp. Lieth, H. and Al Massoum A.A., editors. Towards the rational Yensen, N.C., NyPa® (unpublished). Plants for salty soils. use of high salinity tolerant plants, Vol. 1 of the Proc. of the Al NyPa, Inc., Tucson, Arizona.

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PROGRESS IN BIOMETEOROLOGIE Series Editor H. Lieth Volume 13 HALOPHYTE USES IN DIFFERENT CLIMATES I Ecological and Ecophysiological Studies Edited by H. Lieth, M. Moschenko, M. Lohman, H.-W Koyro and A. Hamdy Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 1999

Foreword M. Kayamanidou IX Foreword Editors Xl 1.01 Development of crops and other useful plants from halophytes H. Lieth 1.02 Biomass production and mineral nutrition of Suaeda fruticosa grown on high salinity medium in connection with nutrient availability N. Sleimi, C. Abdelly, A. Soltani and M. Hajji 19 1.03 Biomass of Spartina maritima, Halimione portulacoides, and Arthrocnemum fruticosum in Tagus estuary salt marshes I. Ca9ador, I. Mascarenhas and P. Mascarenhas 33 1.04 Adaptation of the mangrove Laguncularia racemosa to high NaCl salinity H.-W Koyro, L. Wegmann, H. Lehmann and H. Lieth 43 1.05 Importance of microheterogeneity of salinity and fertility for maintenance of the plant diversity C. Abdelly, M. Lachaal, C. Grignon 65 1.06 Comparative influence of salinity and temperature on the germination of subtropical perennial halophytes A. Khan 77 1.07 Influence of high NaCl-Salinity on growth, water, and osmotic relations of the halophyte Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima - Development of a quick check H.-W Koyro and B. Huchzermeyer 89 1.08 Relationships between metal concentrations and organic matter content in the Tagus estuary salt marsh sediments I. Ca9ador, C. Vale and F. Catarino 105

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H. Lieth (ed.), Cash Crop Halophytes: Recent Studies, 215-220. © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. 216 Halophytes in Different Climates

1.09 Halophyte sustainabi1ity and sea level rise: mechanisms of impact and possible solution N.L. Kuhn and LA Mendelssohn 113 1.10 Spatio-seasona1 trends of physicochemical characteristics of cross river estuary, Nigeria E.R. Akpan 127 1.11 Phytosociological report from the saline habitats in SW Siberia and N Kasachstan A. Korolyuk 133 1.12 Annexes Annex 1 Climate diagrams 147 Annex 2 CA members 153 Annex 3 Conversion table for commonly used salinity measures in water, soil and plants or animals H.-W Koyro and H.Lieth 157 Annex 4 Halophyte Database Verso 2 U. Menzel and H. Lieth 159

PROGRESS IN BIOMETEOROLOGIE Series Editor H. Lieth Volume 14 HALOPHYTE USES IN DIFFERENT CLIMATES II Halophyte Crop Development: Pilot Studies Edited by A. Hamdy, H. Lieth, M. Todorovic and M. Moschenko Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 1999

Preface Vll Foreword IX 2.01 Use oflow quality water for irrigation: major challenges A Hamdy 2.02 Establishment of an experimental field for saline irrigation in Sicily V. Sardo 19 2.03 Lagooned urban wastewaters: Detection of their aptitude for irrigation purposes in Sicily A Belligno, S.Melli, G. Sambuco, and M. Porto 27 2.04 Halophytes for seawater irrigation in the Arabian Peninsula - A review B. Boer and H. Lieth 33 2.05 Responses of some halophytes to seawater irrigation in Morocco M.C. Harrouni, S. Daoud, A EI Alami, B. Debbagh, R. Choukr-Allah and M. Bengaddour 57 2.06 Growth, utilization and salt tolerance of Atriplex species Zahoor Aslam 77 2.07 Potential of A triplex species as fodder shrubs under the arid conditions of Egypt H.M. EI Shaer and H.M. Kandil 87 2.08 Aster tripolium: A Winter Forage: Introduction for salt-affected soils Z. Aslam, AS. Bhatti and M. Mujtabe 95 2.09 Use of saline water for irrigation in Saudi Arabia A.A. AI-Jaloud 105 Halophytes in Different Climates 217

2.10 Salt tolerance potential in different Brassica species, growth studies M. Yasin Ashraf, R.A. Wahed, A.S. Bhatti, G. Smwar and Z. Aslam 119 2.11 Tabulation of Halophytes reported as utilized in different publications and handbooks U. Menzel and H. Lieth 127 2.12 Annexes Al Annex I Climate diagrams relevant to the contributions 135 A2 Annex II Contact addresses for the members of the EU concerted action as of July 1998 contributing to this volume 139 A3 Annex III List of all halophytic species mentioned in the contributions 2-10 143

HALOPHYTES IN DIFFERENT CLIMATES VOLUME IV CASH CROP HALOPHYTES for future halophyte growers 2nd edition prepared by Helmut Lieth and Marina Mochtchenko on behalf of the International Society of Halophyte Utilization for the QUEST Conference for the Middle East and North Africa in Doha/Qatar - January 27-30, 2002 Table of content page Acknowledgements and further contacts 3 Foreword of the UNESCO Partner Dr. Cliisener-Godt to the 2nd edition 4 Foreword of the lst edition 5 Foreword of the 2nd edition 6 Introduction 9 Guidelines for starting cash cropping halophytes 10 A Background information required 10 Climate 10 Soil 11 Water demand 2 Water quality: salinity and nutrient content 12 Water quantity: pumping, piping, draining 15 B Selection of plants and production systems 17 The value of halophytes 17 Halophytic crops in use 18 Possibilities for halophyte utilisation 18 Halophytes for food 19 Halophytes for fodder 21 Halophytes for wood 22 Halophytes for chemicals 23 Halophytes for landscaping 23 Ornamental Halophytes 25 COrsequestration 26 Tertiary treatment 27 Industrial raw material 27 Unconventional irrigation 27 Environmental protection 27 Species diversity 28 218 Halophytes in Different Climates

C Implementation steps 29 Selection of useful plants 29 Implementation of production systems 29 Testing yield and sustainability 30 Testing the acceptance of products 31 Sustainable and feasible utilisation 32 D Decision support required from specialists 33 Experimental determination of the salt tolerance level of different halophytes with a potential for utilisation 34 Appendices 1 List of halophytes in use reprinted from Menzel and Lieth (1999) II 2 Climate diagrams from the climate diagram world atlas on CD (Lieth et al. (2000)) IX 3 Conversion table for salinity measurements after Koyro and Lieth (1998) XI 4 Fresh water generation and halophyte systems utilisation XII 5 The Hebei 2001 recommendations for the International Society of Halophyte Utilisation (ISHU) XXI 6 Table of contents for the 3 volumes of the "Halophytes in Different Climates" XXV 7 Addresses for further contacts with contributors to this brochure XXIX 8 Literature suggested for additional reading XXXII

PROGRESS IN BIOMETEOROLOGIE Series Editor H. Lieth Volume 15 HALOPHYTE USES IN DIFFERENT CLIMATES III Computer-Aided Analysis of Socio-Economic Aspects of the Sustainable Utilisation of Halophytes Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 2001

Abstract Vll Acknowledgements ix List of figures Xl List of tables xiii Foreword of the Series Editor Xl11 Introduction The problem Possible solutions 2 Halophytes 4 Objectives of this study 7 Materials and Methods 9 Materials 9 Methodology of the economic assessment 9 Method of system analysis 15 Definition of the system 17 Software for economic analyses and decision support 20 General considerations for agricultural use 23 Energy required by the plant 23 Water consumption 23 Nutrient content of unconventional water sources 24 Crop history and cultivation management 25 Investment risk 26 Yield security of seawater irrigated crops 27 Halophytes in Different Climates 219

Allocation of economic factors 28 Further topics 29 Analysis of selected parameters 30 Irrigation 30 Yield 40 Actual and potential types of uses of halophytes 43 Halophytes as food 43 Feeding domestic animals on halophytes 54 Fibre and reed 58 Halophytes as ornamentals 60 Carbon sequestration 62 Landscaping and nature conservation 63 Mangroves 63 Conclusions and outlook 79 Conclusions 79 Recommendations 81 Outlook 82 Literature 84 Appendix 90 A. Investment theory 90 B. Glossary 96 C. Brief overview of valuation methods 97 D. Questionnaire 99 E. Tool for Assessing the Economic Potential of Halophytes, Version 1.0 CD-content: 1. Software package TAEPHl.O Label: "Taeph1.0" 2. Sample of calculations as examples Label: "Calculations" 3. Questionnaire on sea-aster as a vegetable Label: "Questionnaire" 4. Table of contents for the three volumes "Halophyte uses in different climates" Progress in Biometeorology Vol. 13, 14, 15 Label: "Contents of other volumes" 5. UNESCO brochure 1st edition - "Cashcrop Halophytes for future halophyte growers" Label: "Brochure" 6. Information about the Climate CD - "Climate Diagramm World Atlas" Label: "Climate CD" 7. Information from Backhuys publishers Label: "Backhuys" Halophyte Database Verso 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates

UWE MENZEL AND HELMUT LIETH

Interest in halophytes has grown during recent years. were very useful, we found that many papers had Their potential as crops and other useful plants was pro• shortcomings as far as distinguishing synonyms, geo• posed by the CA members (see Lieth and Moschenko graphical origin and physiological properties were 1998). This has triggered research, especially in regions concerned. We therefore considered it to be necessary with a shortage of freshwater and a need for an increase to continue the compilation of an authentic list of in fodder production or landscape protection. halophytes which could be used as a basic data bank While the members of the EU Concerted Action in order to complement it with various properties of "Sustainable Utilisation of Halophytes" gradually each individual halophytic species. increased their research potential for halophytic plants We present here the third published version of and saline irrigation, the task arose to compile the this data bank with the desire to have this list most complete list of halophytes in existence. This double-checked for possible errors and/or for sugges• task was accepted by Uwe Menzel and coworkers in tions as to what property categories we should collect the coordinator's office who compiled as much litera• and add in the future. Comments of users to the ture about halophytes as possible. After the termina• e-mail adresses at the end are welcome. The list has tion of the EU CA, U. Menzel continued the collection been provided in our Internet page . Users were requested to lists. First, he compiled all halophytes listed in the lit• identify themselves before drawing data from this list. erature as crop plants or plants with other uses by This has not worked satisfactorily so far. Corrections humans. This list is published in Vol. 2 of the 1998 on the Internet page required too much work and INTECOL report (Menzel and Lieth, 1999). Second, negotiations. We present, therefore, this time the data he evaluated all the literature so far available to him on in alphabetical order with the capability to add more halophytic species. While doing this he discovered comments. If anyone finds it necessary to correct or large differences in the number of species different amend data he or she should do it and send us a copy authors were quoting as halophytes. We are continu• of the amendments via e-mail or diskette to the ously working on this species lists. We present at this addresses listed at the end. time the list in alphabetical order, as required by many colleagues not familiar with plant taxonomy. The listings on the CD-ROM provided with this A closer checking revealed that different authors book contain over 2600 names of halophytic species had differing opinions about the salinity tolerance of which U. Menzel checked for synonyms and spelling even the same species and the salinity level which errors. As nomenclature standard we used the Index would qualify a species to be a halophyte. This fact Kewensis, as we did previously (Menzel and Lieth requires continuous revision, and we ask our col• 1999). The CD-ROM contains several lists. The core leagues to send us their comments if they find errors list follows the sequence used in taxonomic papers. In or have different opinions. addition to that we added an alphabetical listing. Only Several authors had started the compilation of the alphabetical list is attached to this printed text. halophytes and provided with it some qualitative The literature searched so far has been added fol• physiological information. While all these attempts lowing the tabulation in the core list. The citations are 221

H. Lieth (ed.), Cash Crop Halophytes: Recent Studies, 221-250. © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. 222 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth numbered and the number is shown at the relevant Column 2 provides the highest reported salinity tol• species. The numbers in the alphabetical list refer to erance level in a salinity for species where this value the page number in the respective list on the CD• was found in the literature. Value with * = Chloride in ROM. Please draw our attention to omissions and root area. newly published papers. A numbering system has Column 3 gives the reference number under which been used to cross-reference the authors of the papers the relevant author and/or paper can be found in the with the numbers used in the species list. Further reference list. explanations are shown in the following chapter. The literature number 473 is the Index Kewensis. We accepted the definitions from the authors in the When a species has this one number only, we found published literature to consider a species as salt-toler• only the synonym. ant. This has caused the acceptance of a low level of The alphabetical list is added for easier locating of salinity tolerance for species to qualify for inclusion in species names prior to searching in the taxonomic list• our list. See the values in the relevant columns. We ing. We have added in this list the page number where hope that in time we can add for each species the each species can be found in the taxonomic list. We salinity tolerance range. Our own level of salinity tol• supply two kinds of lists, one as a .doc (Microsoft erance for a halophytic species is somewhat higher. Word) file and one as a PDF file. We have set it at the level where common crops can• Please note that the page numbers given in the .doc not grow any more (see Lieth et al. 1999 and several file may differ from the page numbers in the taxo• other contributions in this volume). nomic list depending on the age of the Pc. The PDF All readers and users of this list are kindly file gives the page numbers correctly. requested to report corrections required, additional species or qualitative properties to be added, in an attempt to provide an up-to-date internet listing. USING THE CORE LIST IN TAXONOMIC ORDER REFERENCES The following chapter explains the difficulty in obtaining the valid name among synonyms in the Aronson, A. 1990. Haloph "A data base of salt tolerant plants of the world". In: Pasternak, D. (ed.) Fodder production with Index Kewensis for a name found in the literature. saline water, Project report Jan. 1982 - Dec. 1989, BGUN• The name Sesuvium sesuvioides leads according to ARI-35-90. the rules of the Index Kewensis to two other valid names Lieth, H.; Moschenko, M. (eds.) 1998. Short activity report for which in turn lead again to other names. Since we can• the period 15.7.1997-15.1.1998 of the EU concerted action not decide ourselves which is the valid name we enter IC18CT96-0055 "Sustainable halophyte utilisation in the this species under 3 different names as shown below. Mediterranean and subtropical dry regions", USF, University of Osnabrock, 66+6pp. Sesuvium sesuvioides {(Fenzl) Verd.} (Fenzl) Verdc. Menzel, u.; Lieth, H. 1999. Tabulation of Halophytes reported = FICODIACEAE Diplochonium sesuvioides {Fenzl as utilized in different publications and handbooks. In: I = Trianthema hydaspica Edgew.}; { Wawra & Peyr. Hamdy, A., Lieth, H., Todorovhi, M., Moschenko, M. (eds.): I = Sesuvium digynum Welw. ex Oliver} Halophyte uses in different climates. Vol. 2. Progress in Biometeorology 14, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, 127-133. Menzel, u., Lieth, H. 1999. Halophyte Database, 9-168. In: SEARCHING IN THE INDEX KEWENSIS Lieth, H., Hamdy, A. (eds.): Saline irrigation: Halophyte pro• duction and utilization. Agadir, Morocco. AIZOACEAE Sesuvium sesuvioides {(Fenzl) Verd. literature author is different from Index Kewensis CONTENTS OF THE LISTINGS ON THE author} (Fenzl) Verdc. ATTACHED CD-ROM Under Sesuvium sesuvioides one finds in the Index the plant with the publ. author: (Fenzl) Verdc. with the The core data base lists the species in taxonomic order remark Diplochonium sesuvioides in field and is structured in three columns: notes. = FICODIACEAE Diplochonium sesu• Column 1 contains taxonomic information accord• vioides; under D. s. you can find two plants, D. s. ing to entries taken from Index Kewensis, see refer• Fenzl and also D. s. Wawra & Peyr.; this means {Fenzl ence number 473. Plants with * are not in the Index. ... } and also {Wawra & Peyr.... } Halophyte Database Vers. 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 223

{Fenzl / = Trianthema hydaspica Edgew.}; { the entry from T. h. you find now the publ. author Wawra & Peyr. / = Sesuvium digynum Welw. ex Edgew. under S. d. the publ. author Welw. ex Oliver. Oliver} {... / = means under the entry from D. s. These data were taken from the Index Kewensis on under publ. author Fenzl one finds in Compact Disc. The data in their original form remain notes: = Trianthema hydaspica and under D. s. publ. under copyright of the Trustees of the Royal Botanic author Wawra & Peyr. = Sesuvium digynum. Under Gardens, Kew.

Record Type Spx Vol/Supp S13 Family AIZOACEAE Genus SESUVIUM Species sesuvioides Publ. Author (Fenzl) Verdc. Publication in Kew Bull 1957, 349 (1957) Notes =Diplochonium sesuvioides.

Record Type Spx Record Type Spx Vol/Supp OV1F2 Vol/Supp OV1F2 Family FICOIDACEAE Family FICOIDACEAE Genus DIPLOCHONIUM Genus DIPLOCHONIUM Species sesuvioides Species sesuvioides Publ. Author Fenzl, Publ. Author Wawra & Peyr. Publication Nov. Stirp. Dec. 58 (1839) Publication Sert. Beng. 24 Notes =Trianthema hydaspica. Notes =Sesuvium digynum. j 1 Record Type Spx Record Type Spx Vol/Supp OV2F4 Vol/Supp OV2F4 Family FICOIDACEAE Family FICOIDACEAE Genus TRIANTHEMA Genus SESUVIUM Species hydaspica Species digynum Publ. Author Edgew. Publ. Author Welw. ex Oliver, Publication in Journ. Linn. Soc. Publication Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. vi. (1862) 203. 586 Notes Ind. or.; Afr. trop. Notes Afr. trop. 224 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

INDEX IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER

The page numbers added refer to the pages where the species are found in the taxonomic list on the CD-ROM included in the inside back cover of this volume.

A Aeluropus villosus 35, 37 Abronia latifolia 54 Aerva monsonia 2 Abronia maritima 54 Aerva persica 2 Abronia umbellata 54 Aerva tomentosa 2 Acacia arabica 45 Ajzelia bijuga 46, 47 Acacia cornigera 45 AJzelia retusa 46,47 Acacia cyclops 45 Agalinis maritima 65 Acacia jacquemontii 45 Aganope heptaphylla 46 Acacia leucophloea 45 Agathophora alopecuroides 7 Acacia nilotica 5 Agropyron acutum 35 Acacia rostellifera 45 Agropyron bessarabicum 36, 43 Acacia spadicigera 45 Agropyron cristatum 36 Acacia sphaerocephala 45 Agropyron elongatum 36 Acanthocarpus preissii 45 Agropyron junceiforme 36 Acantholippia seriphioides 70 Agropyron junceum 36 Acanthus ebracteatus 1 Agropyron littorale 36 Acanthus ilicifolius I Agropyron pungens 36 Acanthus volubilis I Agropyron pycnanthum 36 Achillea cristata 23 Agropyron rigidum 36 Achillea milleJolium 23 Agropyron scabrifolium 36 Achnatherum hookeri 35 Agrostis stolonifera 36 Achnatherum splendens 35 Aizoon canariense Achyranthes lanuginosa 2 Aizoon glabrum Acicarpha crassifolia 6 Aizoon quadrifidum Acnida cannabina 2 Aizoon rodwayi 1 Acnida cuspidata 2 Alhagi maurorum 46 Acrostichum aureum 62 Alhagi sparsifolia 46, 80 Acrostichum danaeifolium 62 Allenrolfea occidentalis 7 Acrostichum speciosum 62 Allenrolfea patagonica 7 Aegialitis annulata 56 Allenrolfea vaginata 7 Aegialitis corniculatus 56 Allmania nodiflora 2 Aegialitis rotundifolia 56 Allophyllus cobbe 65 Aegiceras corniculatum 52 Alternanthera fico idea 2 Aegiceras floridum 52 Alternanthera nodifera 2 Aegiceras majus 52 Althaea officinalis 50 Aegiphila viburnifolia 7, 70 Alyssum maritimum 27, 28 Aellenia auricula 7 Amaranthus muricatus 2 Aellenia lancifolia 7 Amaranthus parodii 2 Aellenia subaphylla 7 Amaranthus quitensis 2 Aeluropus lagopoides 35 Amaranthus standleyanus 2 Aeluropus littoralis 35 Amaranthus torreyi 2 Aeluropus massauensis 35 Amaranthus watsoni 2 Aeluropus micrantherus 35 Amberboa turanica 23 Aeluropus repens 35 Amblyopappus pusillus 23 Halophyte Database verso 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 225

Ammi visnaga 69 Arenaria peploides 6 Ammodendron argenteum 46 Aristida mendocina 36 Ammodendron sieversii 46 Aristida namaquensis 36, 43 Amoora cucullata 51 Aristida pennata 36 Amorpha fruticosa 46 Aristida plumosa 36 Amphibolis antarctica 53 Armeniaca vulgaris 8 Amphibolis griffithii 53 Armeria maritima 57 Amphitecna latifolia 4 Artemisia adamsii 23 Amygdalus davidiana 64 Artemisia alba 23 Anabasis annua 7 Artemisia anethifolia 23 Anabasis aphylla 7 Artemisia anethoides 23 Anabasis aretioides 7 Artemisia austriaca 23 Anabasis articulata 7 Artemisia camphorata 23 Anabasis brevifolia 7 Artemisia capillaris 23 Anabasis calcarea 8 Artemisia cephalostachys 23 Anabasis cretacea 8 Artemisia fragrans 23 Anabasis elatior 8 Artemisia glomerata 23 Anabasis eriopoda 8 Artemisia gracilescens 23 Anabasis ferganica 8 Artemisia kaschgarica 23 Anabasis haussknechti 8 Artemisia maritima 24 Anabasis oropediorum 8 Artemisia monogyna 24 Anabasis phyllophora 8, 12 Artemisia ordosica 24 Anabasis prostrata 8 Artemisia schrenkiana 24 Anabasis ramosissima 8 Artemisia scoparia 24 Anabasis salsa 8 Arthrocnemum arbusculum 8, 20 Anabasis setifera 8 Arthrocnemum capense 8 Anabasis turkestanica 8 Arthrocnemum corallo ides 8, 17 Anagallis arvensis 62 Arthrocnemum decumbens 8, 20 Andrachne telephioides 32 Arthrocnemum fruticosum 8 Andropogon annulatus 36,37 Arthrocnemum glaucum 8, 14,20 Anemopaegma chrysoleucum 4 Arthrocnem. halocnemoides 8, 14 Anemopsis californica 56 Arthrocnemum heptiflorum 8 Aneurolepidium dasystachys 36 Arthrocnemum indicum 8, 14 Aniotum fagiferum 46, 47 Arthrocnemum leiostachyum 8 Anisacantha glabra 8, 20 Arthrocnemum littoreum 8, 20 Anoda parviflora 50 Arthrocnemum macrostachyum 8 Anogeissus leiocarpus 23 Arthrocnemum mossianum 8, 20 Anogeissus pendula 23 Arthrocnemum parviflorum 8 Anthemis fuscata 23 Arthrocnemum pillansii 8, 20 Anthericum divaricatum 49 Arthrocnemum pruinosum 8, 14 Anthobryum triandrum 34 Arthrocnemum subterminale 8 Anthocleista madagascariensis 49 Arthrocnemum xampiensis 8 Apium graveolens 69 Arthrophyt. ammodendron 8, 14 Apocynum hendersonii 3 Arthrophytum leptocladum 8 Apocynum venetum 3 Arundo donax 36 Arabidopsis parvula 27 Asparagus longiflorus 49 Arctotheca nivea 23 Asparagus maritimus 49 Arctotheca populifolia 23 Asparagus officinalis 49 Ardisia elliptica 52 Asparagus persicus 49 Arenaria graveolens 6 Asparagus scaber 49 226 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

Asparagus stipularis 49 Atriplex cuneata 9 Aster divaricatus 24 Atriplex decumbens 9 Aster filifolius 24 Atriplex deserticola 9 Aster puniceus 24 Atriplex dimorphostegia 9 Aster spinosus 24 Atriplex elegans 9 Aster squamatus 24 Atriplex exilifolia 9 Aster tenuifolius 24 A triplex farinosa 9 Aster tripolium 24 Atriplexfera 9 Aster surgens 46 A triplex fissivalvis 9 Astragalus kahiricus 46 A triplex flabellum 9 Astragalus miniatus 46 Atriplex glabriuscula 9 Astrebla lappacea 36 Atriplex glauca 9, 11 Astydamia canariensis 69 Atriplex griffithii 9 Astydamia latifolia 69 Atriplex halimoides 9 Atriplex abata 8 Atriplex halimus 9, 83, 87 Atriplex acanthocarpa 8 Atriplex hastata 9 Atriplex acuminata 8 Atriplex heterosperma 9 Atriplex acutibractea 8 Atriplex holocarpa 10 Atriplex acutiloba 8 Atriplex hortensis 10 Atriplex amnicola 9, 73, 83 Atriplex hymenelytra 10, 74, 89 Atriplex arenaria 9 Atriplex hymenotheca 10 Atriplex argentea 9 Atriplex hypoleuca 10 Atriplex argentina 9 Atriplex inflata 10 Atriplex atacamensis 9 Atriplex intermedia 10 Atriplex australasica 9 Atriplex isatidea 10 Atriplex axillaris 9 A triplex julacea 10 Atriplex barclayana 9, 86 Atriplex kochiana 10 Atriplex billardieri 9,22 Atriplex laevis 10 Atriplex boecheri 9 Atriplex lampa 10 Atriplex breweri 9 Atriplex lentiformis 10, 88 Atriplex bunburyana 9 Atriplex leucoclada 10 Atriplex californica 9 Atriplex leucophylla 10 Atriplex calotheca 9 Atriplex limbata 10 Atriplex campanuiata 9 Atriplex lindleyi 10 Atriplex cana 9 Atriplex linearis 10 Atriplex canescens 9,87 Atriplex littoralis 10 Atriplex centralasiatica 9 Atriplex lobativalvis 10 Atriplex chilensis 9 Atriplex longipes 10 Atriplex chizae 9 Atriplex madarcagae 10 Atriplex cinerea 9 Atriplex magdalenae 10 Atriplex codonocarpa 9 Atriplex malvana 10 Atriplex confertifolia 9 Atriplex maximowicziana 10 Atriplex coquimbana 9 Atriplex micrantha 10 Atriplex cordifolia 9 Atriplex microphylla 10 Atriplex cordobensis 9, 78 Atriplex moWs 10 Atriplex coriacea 9 Atriplex moneta 10 Atriplex coronata 9 Atriplex monilifera 10 Atriplex corrugata 9 Atriplex montevidensis 10 Atriplex coulteri 9 Atriplex morrisii 10 Atriplex crenatifolia 9 Atriplex muelleri 10 Halophyte Database Ji?rs. 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 227

Atriplex nan a 10 Atriplex turcomanica 11 Atriplex nessorhina 10 Atriplex undulata 11 Atriplex nitens 10 Atriplex vallenarensis 11 Atriplex nummularia 10, 87 Atriplex velutinella 11 Atriplex nuttalii 10 Atriplex verreauxii 11 Atriplex obovata 10 Atriplex verrucifera 11, 13 A triplex pacifica 10 Atriplex vesicaria 11 Atriplex paludosa 10 Atriplex vestita 11 A triplex papillata 10 Atriplex watsoni 11 A triplex parishii 10 Atropis bulbosa 36,41 Atriplex parryi 10 Atropis gigantea 36,41 A triplex parviflora 10 Atropis hauptiana 36,41 Atriplex parvifolia 10 Atropis macranthera 36,41 Atriplex patagonica 10 Atropis osteniana 36, 42 A triplex patens 10 Atropis peisonis 36, 42 Atriplex patula 11 Augea capensis 71 A triplex pedunculata 11, 13 Avicennia africana 70 Atriplex pentandra 11 Avicennia alba 70 A triplex peruviana 11 Avicennia balanophora 70 Atriplex phyllostegia 11 Avicennia hicolor 70 A triplex platensis 11 Avicennia eucalyptifolia 70 A triplex polycarpa 11, 76 Avicennia germinans 70, 74 A triplex portulacoides 11, 13 Avicennia lanata 70 A triplex prosopidum 11 Avicennia marina 70, 75, 76 A triplex prostrata 11 Avicennia officinalis 70 A triplex pumilio 11 Avicennia schaueriana 70 A triplex pusilla 11 Avicennia tonduzii 70 Atriplex quinii 11 Axyris pentandra 11 Atriplex repanda 11, 88 Atriplex repens 11 Atriplex rhagodioides 11 B Atriplex rosea 11 Baccharis acaulis 24 Atriplex sabulosa 11 Baccharis douglasii 24 Atriplex sagittifolia 11 Baccharis halimifolia 24 Atriplex semibaccata 11 Baccharis spartioides 24 Atriplex serenana 11 Bacopa monniera 65 Atriplex sibirica 11 Bacopa simulans 65 Atriplex spinifera 11 Bacopa stragula 65 Atriplex spongiosa 11, 87 Barringtonia acutangul 52 Atriplex stewartii 11 Barringtonia asiatica 52 Atriplex stipitata 11 Barringtonia conoidea 52 Atriplex stylosa 11 Barringtonia racemosa 52 Atriplex suberecta 11 Bartsia verna 65,66 Atriplex taltalensis 11 Basella alba 11 Atriplex tartarica 11 Basella rubra 11 Atriplex tatarica 11 Bassia albolanata 12, 16 Atriplex texan a 11 Bassia astrocarpa 12 Atriplex torreyi 11 Bassia clelandii 12, 20 Atriplex triangularis 11 Bassia dasyphylla 12 Atriplex truncata 11 Bassia decurrens 12, 20 228 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

Bassia eriantha 12 C Bassia eriophora 12 Cacabus miersii 66 Bassia hirsuta 12 Caesalpinia bonduc 46 Bassia hyssopifolia 12 Caesalpinia crista 46 Bassia inchoata 12, 22 Cakile edentula 28 Bassia intricata 12, 20 Cakile maritima 28 Bassia luehmanni 12 Calamagrostis dubia 36 Bassia sedoides 12 Calamagrostis epigeios 36 Bassia ventricosa 12 Calamagrostis gigantea 36 Bassia walkeri 12,20 Calamagrostis holciformis 36 Batis argillicola 4 Calamagrostis littorea 36 Batis maritima 4, 79 Calamagrostis palustris 36 Beckmannia syzigachne 36 Calamagrostis pamirica 36 Beta macrocarpa 12 Calamagr. pseudophragmites 36 Beta patellaris 12 Calamus erinaceus 55 Beta vulgaris 12 Calandrinia ambigua 61 Bienertia cycloptera 12 Calandrinia breweri 61 Bignonia chrysoleuca 4 Calandrinia maritima 61 Blysmus rufus 28 Calandrinia sesuvioides 61 Bolboschoenus affinis 28 Calendula suffruticosa 24 Bolboschoenus compactus 28 Calligonum comosum 60 Bolboschoenus maritimus 29 Calligonum crinitum 60 Bontia germinans 70 Calligonum leucocladum 60 Borrichia arborescens 24 Calligonum polygonoides 60 Borrichia frutescens 24 Calligonum stenopterum 60 Borsczowia aralo-caspica 12 Callitris rhomboidea 26 Bougainvillea spectabilis 54 Calophaca wolgarica 46 Boussingaultia gracilis 12 Calophyllum inophyllum 22 Brachylepis eriopoda 8, 12 Calotropis gigantea 3 Brachylepis salsa 8, 12 Calotropis procera 3 Brahea armata 55 Calycera crassifolia 6 Brahea edulis 55 Calystegia maritima 27 Brexia madagascariensis 65 Calystegia sepium 27 Brownlowia argentata 69 Calystegia soldan ella 27 Brownlowia lanceolata 69 Camphorosma monspeliacum 12 Brownlowia tersa 69 Camptostemon philippinense 50 Bruguiera caryophyllaeoides 63 Camptostemon schultzii 50 Bruguiera cylindrica 63 Canavalia maritima 46 Bruguiera decandra 63 Canavalia obtusifolia 46 Bruguiera exaristata 63 Canavalia rosea 46 Bruguiera gymnorhiza 63 Cando Ilea cuneiformis 31 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza 63 Capparis cynophallophora 6 Bruguiera hainesii 63 Caragana arborescens 46 Bruguiera malabarica 63 Carallia brachiata 63 Bruguiera parviflora 63 Carallia integerrima 63 Bruguiera sexangula 63 Carapa moluccensis 51 Brunnichia cirrhosa 60 Carex dis tans 29 Buchloe dactyloides 36 Carex divisa 29 Bucida buceras 23 Carex duriuscula 29 Bupleurum semicompositum 69 Carex enervis 29 Halophyte Database verso 200 in alphabetical order including some updates 229

Carex eremopyroides 29 Ceratoides latens 12 Carex extensa 29 Cerbera floribunda 3 Carex harfordii 29 Cerbera manghas 3 Carex kobomugi 29 Cerbera odollam 3 Carex littoralis 29 Cereus coryne 5 Carex lyngbyei 29 Cereus pringlei 5 Carex marcida 29 Ceriops boviniana 63 Carex maritima 29 Ceriops decandra 63 Carex orbicularis 29 Ceriops roxburghiana 63 Carex phalaroides 29 Ceriops tagal 63 Carex reptabunda 29 Chaetotropis imberbis 37 Carex rigescens 29 Chamaesyce buxifolia 32 Carex roborowskii 29 Chamaesyce mesembryanthemifolia 32 Carex scabrifolia 29 Chamaesyce polygonifolia 32 Carex songorica 29 Chenolea arabica 12 Carex sordia 29 Chenolea astrocarpa 12 Carex stenophylla 29 Chenolea carnosa 12, 16 Carex ursina 29 Chenolea difJusa 12 Carex vulgaris 29 Chenolea hirsuta 12 Carissa grandiflora 3 Chenolea tricornis 12, 16 Carpobrotus aequilateralis 32 Chenopodium acuminatum 12 Carpobrotus edulis 32 Chenopodium album 12 Casasia clusiifolia 64 Chenopodium ambrosioides 12 Cassia acanthoclada 46 Chenopodium auricomum 12 Cassia crassiramea 46 Chenopodium botryodes 12 Cassia nomame 46 Chenopodo gaudichaudianum 12 Cassia tora 46 Chenopodium glaucum 12 Cassine viburnifolia 7 Chenopodium hircinum 12 Cassipourea thomassetii 63 Chenopodo macrospermum 12 Cassytha filiformis 45 Chenopodium murale 12 Castilleja exilis 65 Chenopodium nigrum 12,22 Casuarina cristata 7 Chenopodium rubrum 12,89 Casuarina cunninghamiana 7 Chenopodium stellatum 12, 17 Casuarina distyla 7 Chenopodium tweedii 12, 15 Casuarina equisetifolia 7, 83 Chenopodium urbicum 12 Casuarina glauca 7 Chloris berroi 37 Casuarina huegeliana 7 Chloris boivinii 37 Casuarina litorea 7 Chloris crinita 37,43 Casuarina monilifera 7 Chloris ctenioides 37 Casuarina obesa 7 Chloris gayana 37, 86 Casuarina stricta 7 Chloris halophila 37 Ceanothus americanus 62 Chloris sesquifiora 37 Ceanothus reclinatus 63 Chloris virgata 37 Celastrus retusus 7 Chrysobalanus icaco 22 Cenchrus ciliaris 36 Cirsium esculentum 24 Cenchrus palmeri 36 Cissus vinifera 71 Centaurium spicatum 34 Cistanche lutea 55 Cephalonoplos segetum 24 Cistanche tubulosa 55 Cerastium glomeratum 6 Citrus angulata 64 Ceratocarpus arenarius 12 Cleomella longipes 6 230 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

Cleomella perennis 6 Croton californicus 32 Clerodendron inerme 71 Croton punctatus 32 Climacoptera brachiata 13 Crypsis aculeata 37 Climacoptera lanata 13 Crypsis niliaca 37 Climacoptera turcomanica 13 Crypsis schoenoides 37 Cnicus esculentus 24 Cryptostemma niveum 23, 24 Cnicus segetum 24 Cumingia philippinensis 50 Coccoloba uvifera 60 Cuscuta salina 27 Cochlearia anglica 28, 74 Cyclolepis genistoides 24 Cochlearia danica 28 Cyclolepsis genistoides 24 Cochlearia officinalis 28 Cyclostemon karapinensis 32 Cochlearia scotica 28 Cymodocea aequorea 53 Cocos nucifera 55 Cymodocea angustata 53 Coelachyrum brevifolium 37 Cymodocea antarctica 53 Colliguaja integerrima 32 Cymodocea ciliata 53, 71 Colubrina arborescens 63 Cymodocea isoetifolia 53, 62 Colubrina asiatica 63 Cymodocea manatorum 53,61 Commidendrum rotundifolium 24 Cymodocea nodosa 53 Commidendrum rugosum 24 Cymodocea rotundata 53 Conocarpus erectus 23 Cymodocea serrulata 53 Conocarpus lancifolius 23 Cynanchum acutum 3 Convolvulus cneorum 27 Cynanchum sibiricum 3 Convolvulus sepium 27 Cynodon dactylon 37 Convolvulus soldanella 27 Cynometra iripa 46 Cordylanthus canescens 65 Cynometra ramiflora 46 Cordylanthus maritimus 66 Cynomorium coccineum 4 Cordylanthus mollis 66 Cynomorium songaricum 4 Corispermum elongatum 13 Cyperus conglomeratus 29 Corispermum platypterum 13 Cyperus corymbosus 29 Corispermum puberulum 13 Cyperus filicinus 29 Cornulaca korshinskyi 13 Cyperus laevigatus 29 Cornulaca leucacantha 13 Cyperus malaccensis 29 Cornulaca monacantha 13 Cyperus monti 29 Corozo oleifera 55 Cyperus odoratus 29 Cortesia cuneifolia 5 Cyperus pannonicus 29, 30 Cottea pappophoroides 37 Cyperus papyrus 29 Cotula coronopifolia 24 Cyperus planifolius 29 Cotyledon orbiculata 27 Cyperus rotundus 29 Coulterella capitata 24 Cyperus serotinus 29 Crambe maritima 28 Cyperus stoloniferus 29 Crenea maritima 49 Cyperus vaginatus 29 Crenea patentinervis 49 Crenea repens 49 D Crescentia cucurbitina 4 Dactylis lagopoides 35,37 Crescentia cujete 4 Dactyloctenium aegyptium 37 Cressa cretica 27 Dactyloctenium ctenoides 37 Cressa depressa 27 Dactyloctenium geminatum 37 Cressa nudicaulis 27 Dactyloctenium scindicum 37 Cressa truxillensis 27 Dactylopsis digitata 32 Crithmum maritimum 69, 78 Dactylopsis littlewoodii 32 Halophyte Database Vi?rs. 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 231

Daemia cordata 3, 4 Dissocarpus paradoxus 13 Daemonorops erinaceus 55 Distichlis distichophylla 38 Daknopholis boivinii 37 Distichlis humilis 38 Dalbergia amerimnum 46 Distichlis maritima 38 Dalbergia candenatensis 46 Distichlis palmeri 38, 77 Dalbergia ecastophyllum 46 Distichlis scoparia 38 Dalbergia menoeides 46 Distichlis spicata 38, 81, 88 Dalbergia sissoo 46 Distichlis thalassica 38 Dampiera incana 35 Dobera glabra 65 Danthonia lanata 37 Dobera roxburghii 65 Danthonia lappacea 36,37 Dodartia orientalis 66 Daucus carota 69 Dolichandrone rheedii 4 Daucus gingidium 69 Dolichandrone spathacea 4 Daucus halophilus 69 Dondia conferta 13,21 Daviesia hakeoides 46 Dondia mexicana 13,21 Deinacanthon urbanianum 5 Dondia palmeri 13,22 Derris trifoliata 46 Dorstenia foetida 51 Derris uliginosa 46 Dorstenia gypsophila 51 Desmostachya bipinatata 37 Dorstenia obovata 70 Dichanthium annulatum 37 Drepanocarpus lunatus 46 Dichopsis obovata 65 Drosanthemum can dens 32 Dichromena colorata 29 Drosanthemum lique 33 Dichromena leucocephala 29 Drymoglossum piloselloides 61 Didymanthus roei 13 Drypetes karapinensis 32 Digitaria adscendens 37 Dyckia chaguar 5 Digitaria bicornis 37 Dysphania littoralis 24 Digitaria littoralis 37 Dysphania plantaginella 24 Digitaria longifolia 37 Dysphania simulans 24 Digitaria macroglossa 37 Dysphania sphaerosperma 24 Digitaria sanguinalis 37 Dimorphandra oleifera 46,47 E Dimorphotheca fruticosa 24, 25 Echinocactus delaetii 5 Diospyros ferrea 31 Echinochloa colonum . 38 Diospyros vaughaniae 31 Echinocystis bigelovii 28 Diotis candidissima 24, 26 Echinopepon insularis 28 Diplachnefusca 37,86 Echinopsis mirabilis 5 Diplachnejaegeri 37,39,41 Ehrharta calycina 38 Diplachne paucinervis 37,39 Elaeagnus angustifolia 31 Diplachne thoroldi 37,40 Elaeagnus oxycarpa 31 Diplachne uninervia 38 Elaeagnus turcomanica 31 Diplanthera beaudettei 53,61 Elaeis melanococca 55 Diplanthera ciliata 53,61 Elatine americana 31 Diplanthera pinifolia 53,61 Elatine minima 31 Diplolaena dampieri 64 Eleocharis capitata 29 Diplotaxis parvula 27, 28 Eleocharis globularis 29 Dischidia chinensis 3 Eleocharis halophila 29 Disphyma australe 32, 83 Eleocharis pachycarpa 29 Disphyma clavellatum 32, 83 Eleocharis palustris 30 Disphyma crassifolium 32 Eleocharis parvula 30 Disphyma dundonii 32 Eleocharis uniglumis 30 232 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

Eleusine aegyptiaca 37,38 Erythrina indica 46 Eleusine aristata 37,38 Erythrina variegata 46 Eleusine compressa 38 Esfandiari calcarea 8, 13 Eleusine indica 38 Eucalyptus astringens 52 Eleusine tristachya 38 Eucalyptus bicolor 52 Elymus arenarius 38 Eucalyptus brockwayi 52 Elymus dasystachys 36,38 Eucalyptus camaldulensis 52 Elymus sabulosus 38 Eucalyptus halophila 52 Elytropappus rhinocerotis 24 Eucalyptus kondininensis 52 Enallagma latifolia 4 Eucalyptus largiflorens 52 Enchylaena lanata 13 Eucalyptus leucoxylon 52 Enchylaena tomentosa 13 Eucalyptus loxophleba 52 Enhalus acoroides 44 Eucalyptus occidentalis 52 Enhalus koenigii 44 Eucalyptus sargentii 52 Enteropogon macrostachya 38 Eucalyptus spathulata 52 Ephedra foliata 31 Eugenia capensis 52 Ephedra ochreata 31,35 Eupatorium dodoneaefolium 24, 26 Ephedra ocreata 31 Eupatorium littorale 24 Ephedra peduncularis 35 Euphorbia atoto 32 Ephedra przewalskii 3 Euphorbia buxifolia 32 Equisetum ramosissimum 38 Euphorbia granulata 32 Eragrostis chaetophylla 38 Euphorbia leucophylla 32 Eragrostis coelachyrum 37,38 Euphorbia myrtoides 32 Eragrostis curvula 38 Euphorbia polygonifolia 32 Eragrostis dielsii 38 Euphorbia serpens 32 Eragrostis domingensis 38 Euphorbia terracina 32 Eragrostis obtusiflora 38 Euphorbia thymifolia 32 Eragrostis orthoclada 38 Euphrasia littoralis 66 Eragrostis superba 38 Euphrasia marshallii 66 Eragrostis uninervia 38, 39 Euphrasia officinalis 66 Eremochloa ophiuroides 38 Euphrasia rotundifolia 66 Eremophila latifolia 51 Euphrasia tetraquetra 66 Eremophila maculata 51 Eurotia cera to ides 13, 16 Eremophila miniata 51 Eurotia lanata 13 Eremophila oppositifolia 51 Eustoma exalatum 34 Eremophila polyclada 51 Euterpe cuatrecasana 55 Eremophila pterocarpa 51 Evolvulus alsinoides 27 Eremophila serra tum 51 Excoecaria agallocha 32 Eremophila serrulata 51 Excoecaria dallachyana 32 Eremophila sturtii 51 Excoecaria indica 32 Eremophila subfloccosa 51 Erigeron filifolius 24 F Eriocephalus africanus 24 Fagonia bruguieri 71 Eryngium aristulosum 69 Fagonia cretica 71 Eryngium articulatum 69 Fagonia mollis 71 Eryngium maritimum 69 Fagraea crenulata 49 Eryngium petiolatum 70 Felicia filifolia 24 Erythea armata 55 Festuca maritima 38 Erythea edulis 55 Festuca mucronata 38, 39 Erythraea spicata 34 Festuca ovina 38 Erythrina herbacea 46 Festuca pseudovina 38 Halophyte Database Vers. 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 233

Festuca rubra 38 Glaux maritima 62 Festuca scirpifolia 38 Gleditschia triacanthos 46 Ficus microcarpa 70 Glehnia leiocarpa 70 Ficus retusa 70 Glehnia littoralis 70 Fimbristylis caroliniana 30 Glochidion littorale 32 Fimbristylis castanea 30 Glossostigma dian drum 66 Fimbristylis ferruginea 30 Glossostigma spathulatum 66 Fimbristylis longiculmis 30 Glossostigma submersum 66 Fimbristylis obtusifolia 30 Gluta velutina 3 Fimbristylis sericea 30 Glyceria distans 38,41,42 Fimbristylis spadicea 30 Glyceria glaucescens 38,41 Fimbristylis triflora 30 Glyceria maritima 38,41 Fissistigma manubria tum 3 Glyceria stricta 38, 42 Flagellaria indica 34 Glyceria subfastigiata 38,41 Flaveria australasica 25 Glycyrrhiza aspera 46 Flaveria brownii 25 Glycyrrhiza asperrima 46 Flaveria campestris 25 Glycyrrhiza glabra 46 Flaveria floridana 25 Glycyrrhiza inflata 46 Flaveria linearis 25 Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora 46 Flaveria trinervia 25 Glycyrrhiza pallidifolia 46 Frankenia boissieri 34 Glycyrrhiza squamulosa 46 Frankenia chilensis 34 Glycyrrhiza uralensis 47 Frankenia corymbosa 34 Gourliea decorticans 46, 47 Frankenia grandifolia 34 Grabowseia duplicata 66 Frankenia hirsuta 34 Grabowskia duplicata 66 Frankenia juniperoides 34 Grahamia bracteata 61 Frankenia kamesii 34 Grewia populifolia 69 Frankenia laevis 34 Grewia tenax 69 Frankenia microphylla 34 Grindelia paludosa 25 Frankenia palmeri 34 Grindelia robusta 25 Frankenia patagonica 34 Guettarda speciosa 64 Frankenia pauciflora 34 Gunnia septifraga 1,33 Frankenia persica 34 Gunniopsis calcarea 1 Frankenia peruviana 34 Gunniopsis calva 1 Frankenia portulacaefolia 34 Gunniopsis glabra 1 Frankenia pulverulenta 34 Gunniopsis intermedia Frankenia revaluta 34 Gunniopsis quadrifaria Frankenia thymifalia 34 Gunniopsis rodwayi 1 Frankenia triandra 34 Gunniopsis septifraga Gymnocalycium delaetii 5 G Gymnocalycium ragonesei 5 Galenia africana 33 Gymnosporia emarginata 7 Galeniafruticosa 33,88 Gynotroches axillaris 63 Galium verum 64 Gypsophila perfoliata 6 Gamanthus commixtus 13 Gamanthus gamocarpus 13 H Genipa clusiifolia 64 Halanthium rarifalium 13 Geoffraea decorticans 46 Halerpestes cymbalaria 62 Gerardia maritima 65,66 Halerpestes filisecta 62 Girgensohnia oppositiflora 13 Halerpestes ruthenica 62 Gisekia pharnacioides 33 Halerpestes tricuspis 62 234 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

Halimione pedunculata 13 Halosarcia indica 14 Halimione portulacoides 13 Halosarcia lepidosperma 14 Halimione verrucifera 13 Halosarcia leptoclada 14 Halimocnemis karelini 13 Halosarcia lylei 14 Halimocnemis mollissima 13 Halosarcia nitida 14 Halimocnemis pilifera 13, 15 Halosarcia peltata 14 Halimocnemis pilosa 13 Halosarcia pergranulata 14 Halimocnemis sclerosperma 13 Halosarcia pluriflora 14 Halimodendron halodendron 47 Halosarcia pruinosa 14 Halocharis afghanica 13 Halosarcia pterygosperma 14 Halocharis hispida 13 Halosarcia syncarpa 14 Halocharis lachnantha 13 Halosarcia undulata 14 Halocharis sulphura 13 Halosicyos ragonesei 28 Halocharis turcomanica 13 Halostachys belangeriana 14 Halocharis violacea 13 Halostachys caspica 14 Halocnemum strobilaceum 13 Halothamnus auriculus 14 Halodule australis 53 Halothamnus glaucus 14 Halodule beaudettei 53 Halothamnus hierochunticus 14 Halodule bermudensis 53 Halothamnus subaphyllus 14 Halodule ciliata 53 Halotis occulta 15 Halodule hawaiiana 53 Halotis pilifera 15 Halodule pinifolia 53 Halotis pilosa 15 Halodule uninervis 53 Haloxylon ammodendron 8, 15 Halodule wrightii 53 Haloxylon aphyllum 15 Halogeton alopecuroides 13 Haloxylon articulatum 15 Halogeton arachnoides 13 Haloxylon persicum 15 Halogeton glomeratus 13 Haloxylon recurvum 15 Halogeton sativus 13 Haloxylon salicornicum 15 Halopeplis amplexicaulis 13 Haloxylon scoparium 15 Halopeplis perfoliata 13 Hammada salicornica 15 Halopeplis pygmaea 13 Hammada scoparia 15 Halophila baillonis 44 Hedysarum carnosum 47 Halophila decipiens 44 Hedysarum pallidum 47 Halophila engelmanni 44 Heleocharis uniglumis 30 Halophila minor 44 Heleocharis yokoscensis 30 Halophila spinulosa 44 Heleochloa schoenoides 37,38 Halophila stipulacea 44 Helichrysum leucocephalum 25 Halophytum ameghinoi 14 Heliotropium aucheri 5 Halopyrum mucronatum 38 Heliotropium bacciferum 5 Halosarcia auriculata 14 Heliotropium curassavicum 5 Halosarcia bulbosa 14 Heliotropium greggii 5 Halosarcia calyptrata 14 Heliotropium johnstonii 5 Halosarcia chartacea 14 Heliotropium ovalifolium 5 Halosarcia cupuliformis 14 Heliotropium procumbens 5 Halosarcia doleiformis 14 Heliotropium zeylanicum 5 Halosarcia en trichoma 14 Hemichroa diandra 15 Halosarcia fimbriata 14 Hemichroa pentandra 15 Halosarcia flabelliformis 14 Heritiera fomes 67 Halosarcia fontinalis 14 Heritiera globosa 67 Halosarcia halocnemoides 14 Heritiera littoralis 67 Halophyte Database Vi?rs. 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 235

Heritiera minor 67 Hymenoxys anthemoides 25 Heterostachys olivascens 15 Hymenoxys cabrerae 25 Heterostachys ritteriana 14, 15 Hymenoxys parodii 25 Heterothalamus acaulis 24, 25 Hypericopsis persica 34 Heterothalamus spartioides 24, 25, 26 Hypertelis salsoloides 1 Heterozostera tasmanica 71 Hyphaene benguelensis 55 Hibbertia cuneiformis 31 Hyphaene crinita 55 Hibiscus tiliaceus 50 Hyphaene natalensis 55 Himeranthus runcinatus 66 Hyphaene parvula 55 Hippocratea ovalifolia 7 Hyphaene reptans 55 Hippocratea ovata 7 Hyphaene thebaica 55 Hippomane mancinella 32 Hypochoeris petiolaris 25 Hippophae rhamnoides 31 Hypocylix kerneri 19,65 Hirpicium integrifolium 25 Hysterionica pinifolia 24, 25 Holmbergia tweedii 15 Hololachna songarica 67 I Honkenya peploides 6 Imperata arundinacea 39 Horaninovia minor 15 Imperata brasiliensis 39 Horaninovia ulicina 15 Imperata cylindrica 39 Hordeum boreale 38 Indigofera spinosa 47 Hordeum brachyantherum 39 Inocarpus edulis 47 Hordeum brevisubulatum 39 Inocarpus fagifer 47 Hordeum euclaston 39 Intsia bijuga 47 Hordeum flexuosum 39 Intsia retusa 47 Hordeum geniculatum 39 Inula ammophila 25 Hordeum glaucum 39 Inula britannica 25 Hordeum gussoneanum 39 Inula crithmoides 25 Hordeum halophilum 39 Inula salsoloides 25 Hordeum jubatum 39, 74 Inula viscosa 25 Hordeum marinum 39 Ipomoea alba 27 Hordeum maritimum 39 Ipomoea biloba 27 Hordeum pusil/um 39 Ipomoea bona-nox 27 Hordeum secalinum 39 Ipomoea brasiliensis 27 Hordeum stenostachys 39 Ipomoea carnosa 27 Hordeum vulgare 39 Ipomoea grandiflora 27 Hosackia prostrata 47 Ipomoea pes-caprae 27 Houttuynia californica 56 Ipomoea sagittata 27 Hoya australis 3 Ipomoea stolonifera 27 Hoya carnosa 3 Ipomoea verticil/ata 27 Hydril/a verticil/ata 44 Iresine portulacoides 2 Hydrocotyle asiatica 70 Iresine rhizomatosa 2 Hydrocotyle bonariensis 70 Iris dichotoma 44 Hydrocotyle capil/aris 70 Iris ensata 44 Hydrocotyle ovalis 70 Iris lac tea 44 Hydrocotyle umbellata 70 Iris spuria 44 Hydrodea cryptantha 33 Ischaemum australe 39 Hymenocallis caribaea 2 Ischaemum muticum 39 Hymenocallis crassifolia 2 Ischaemum ophiuroides 38, 39 Hymenocallis keyensis 2 Iva axil/aris 25 Hymenocallis latifolia 2 Iva frutescens 25 236 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

Iva hayesiana 25 Kochia eirophora 12, 15 Iva imbricata 25 Kochia georgei 15 Iva texensis 25 Kochia glomerifolia 15, 16 Ixeris repens 25 Kochia hirsuta 15,21 Kochia hyssopifolia 12, 15 J Kochia indica 15 Jaborosa runcinata 66 Kochia iranica 15 Jaumea carnosa 25 Kochia melanoptera 15 Jouvea pilosa 39 Kochia odontoptera 15 Juncellus pannonicus 30 Kochia oppositifolia 15, 16 Juncus acutus 45 Kochia polypterygia 15, 16 Juncus arabicus 45 Kochia prosthecochaeta 15, 16 Juncus arcticus 45 Kochia prostrata 16, 19, 78 Juncus balticus 45 Kochia pyramidata 16 Juncus bufonius 45 Kochia radiata 16 Juncus canadensis 45 Kochia scoparia 16 Juncus capitatus 45 Kochia sedifolia 16 Juncus cooperi 45 Kochia suaedifolia 16 Juncus gerardii 45 Kosteletzkya virginica 50 Juncus kraussii 45 Krascheninnikovia cera to ides 16 Juncus lesueurii 45 Juncus maritimus 45, 87 L Juncus rigidus 45 Lactuca repens 25 Juncus roemerianus 45 Lactuca tatarica 25 Juncus torreyi 45 Lagerstroemia madagascariensis 49, 50 Juncus vvedenskyi 45 Laguncularia racemosa 23 Jussieua repens 54 Lampranthus albus 33 Lannea malifolia 3 K Lannea schweinfurthii 3 Kalidium arabicum 15 Lantana involucrata 71 Kalidium caspicum 14, 15 Larrea nitida 71 Kalidium cuspidatum 15 Lasiurus scindicus 39 Kalidium foliatum 15 Lathyrus littoralis 47 Kalidium gracile 15 Lathyrus maritimus 47 Kalidium schrenkianum 15 Lathyrus palustris 47 Kandelia candel 63 Launaea bellidifolia 25 Kandelia rheedii 63,64 Lavatera arborea 50 Karelinia caspia 25 Leitneria floridana 49 Kissenia capensis 49 Leontodon nudicaulis 25 Kissenia spathulata 49 Leontodon saxatilis 25 Kleinhovia hospita 67 Lepidium acutidens 28 Kochia americana 15 Lepidium cardamines 28 Kochia amoena 15, 16 Lepidium cartilagineum 28 Kochia aphylla 15, 16 Lepidium crassifolium 28 Kochia appressa 15, 16 Lepidium latifolium 28 Kochia atkinsiana 15, 16 Lepidium oxycarpum 28 Kochia brachyptera 15,20 Lepidium parodii 28 Kochia brevifolia 15, 16, 78 Lepidium pinnatifidum 28 Kochia californica 15 Lepidium ruderale 28 Kochia dasyphylla 12, 15 Lepidium spicatum 28 Halophyte Database Vers. 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 237

Lepidium subulatum 28 Limonium delicatulum 58 Lepidosperma gladiatum 30 Limonium dendroides 58 Lepiurus strigosus 39,40 Limonium dichotomum 58 Leptadenia pyrotechnica 4 Limonium difJusum 58 Leptadenia spartum 4 Limonium duriusculum 58 Leptocarpus similis 62 Limonium echioides 58 Leptochloa filiform is 39 Limonium ferulaceum 58 Leptochloa uninervia 39 Limonium fruticans 58 Leptospermum lanigerum 52 Limonium girardianum 58 Leptospermum pubescens 52 Limonium gmelinii 58 Lepturus cylindricus 39 Limonium hirsuticalyx 58 Lepturus filiform is 39 Limonium humile 58 Lepturus incurvatus 39,40 Limonium imbricatum 58 Lepturus repens 39 Limonium iranicum 58 Lerrouxia ifniensis 57 Limonium limbatum 58 Lespedeza cuneata 47 Limonium macrophyllum 58 Lespedeza juncea 47 Limonium meyeri 58 Leucanthemella vulgare 25 Limonium oleifolium 58 Leucopogon parviflorus 31 Limonium otolepis 58 Leucopogon richei 31 Limonium ovalifolium 58 Licuala acutifida 55 Limonium pectinatum 58 Licuala rumphii 55 Limonium perezii 58 Licuala spinosa 55 Limonium preauxii 58 Ligusticum scoticum 70 Limonium pruinosum 58 Lilaeopsis occidentalis 70 Limonium psilocladon 58 Limoniastrum articulatum 57 Limonium puberulum 59 Limoniastrum guyonianum 57 Limonium ramosissimum 59 Limoniastrum ifniense 57 Limonium redivivum 59 Limoniastrum monopetalum 57 Limonium reniforme 59 Limonium arborescens 57 Limonium rumicifolium 59 Limonium articulatum 7 Limonium salicorniacea 59 Limonium asterotrichum 57 Limonium sinense 59 Limonium aureum 57 Limonium sinuatum 59 Limonium auriculae-ursifolium 57 Limonium sogdianum 59 Limonium australe 57 Limonium speciosum 59 Limonium axil/are 57 Limonium spectabile 59 Limonium bellidifolium 57 Limonium stocksii 59 Limonium bicolor 57 Limonium suffruticosum 59 Limonium biflorum 57 Limonium tomentellum 59 Limonium binervosum 57 Limonium vulgare 59 Limonium bourgeaui 57 Limosella aquatica 66 Limonium brasiliense 57 Limosella subulata 66 Limonium brassicifolium 57 Linum maritimum 49 Limonium californicum 57,89 Lippia canescens 71 Limonium carnosum 57 Lippia lycioides 71 Limonium carolinianum 57 Lippia nodiflora 71 Limonium catalaunicum 57 Lippia salsa 71 Limonium cordatum 57 Lippia seriphioides 70, 71 Limonium cylindrifolium 58 Litsea sebifera 45, 69 Limonium cymuliferum 58 Livistona chinensis 55 238 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

Lobularia maritima 28 Lygodium japonicum 65 Lolium multiflorum 39 Lygodium microstachyum 65 Lomatophyllum aldabrense 49 Londesia eriantha 12, 16 M Lophotocarpus ca/ycinus 2 Maba buxifolia 31 Lotus creticus 47 Macfadyena phellosperma 4 Lotus cytisoides 47 Maireana amoena 16 Lotus halophilus 47 Maireana aphylla 16 Lotus jolyi 47 Maireana appressa 16 Lotus nuttallianus 47 Maireana atkinsiana 16 Lotus prezlii 47 Maireana brevifolia 16 Lotus pusillus 47 Maireana carnosa 16 Lotus tenuis 47, 83 Maireana difJusa 16 Lotus uliginosus 47 Maireana eriosphaera 16 Ludwigia adscendens 54 Maireana glomerifolia 16 Lumnitzera coccinea 23 Maireana luehmannii 16 Lumnitzera littorea 23 Maireana melanocarpa 16 Lumnitzera racemosa 23 Maireana oppositifolia 16 Lumnitzera rosea 23 Maireana platycarpa 16 Lycium ameghinoi 66 Maireana polypterygia 16 Lycium barbarum 66 Maireana proslhecochaeta 16 Lycium brevipes 66 Maireana pyramidata 16 Lycium californicum 66 Maireana radiata 16 Lycium carolinianum 66 Maireana sedifolia 16 Lycium cestroides 66 Maireana suaedifclia 16 Lycium chilense 66 Malacocarpus crithmifolius 64 Lycium cilia tum 66 Malacocera albicans 16 Lycium comberi 66 Malacocera albolanata 16 Lycium depressum subsp. angustifolium 66 Malacocera biflora 16 Lycium elongatum 66 Malacocera gracilis 16 Lycium europaeum 66 Malacocera tricorn is 16 Lycium ferocissimum 66 Malva leprosa 50 Lycium humile 66 Mammillaria dioica 5 Lycium infaustum 66 Manicaria saccifera 55 Lycium puberulum 66 Marsdenia tenacissima 4 Lycium pubescens 66 Matricaria inodora 25, 26 Lycium ruthenicum 67 Mauritia flexuosa 55 Lycium scoparium 67 May tenus emarginata 7 Lycium shawii 67 May tenus phyllanthoides 7 Lycium tenuispinosum 67 May tenus texana 7 Lycium torreyi 67 May tenus vitis-idaea 7 Lycium truncatum 67 Medicago falcata 47 Lycopersicon cheesmanii 67 Medicago hispida 47 Lycopersicon minor 67 Medicago littoralis 47 Lycopersicon pennellii 67 Medicago marina 47 Lycopersicum peruvianum 67 Medicago minima 47 Lygeum spartum 39 Medicago ruthenica 47,49 Lygodium comforme 65 Meiomeria stellata 17 Lygodium digitatum 65 Melaleuca cymbifolia 52 Lygodium flexuosum 65 Melaleuca ericifolia 52, 80 Halophyte Database Vi?rs. 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 239

Melaleuca genistifolia 52 Monanthochloe littoralis 39 Melaleuca halmaturorum 52 Monerma cylindrica 39 Melaleuca huegelii 52 Monochoria hastaefolia 61 Melaleuca lanceolata 52 Monochoria hastata 61 Melaleuca laterifolia 52 Monolepis spathulata 17 Melaleuca leucadendron 52 Mora oleifera 47 Melaleuca pustulata 52 Morus alba 70 Melaleuca quinquenervia 52 Muehlenbergia asperifolia 39 Melaleuca thyoides 52 Muehlenbergia ligularis 39 Melananthera deltoidea 25 Muellera frutescens 47 Melanthera aspera 25 Muellera moniliformis 47 Melilotus alba 47 Muhlenbergia mexicana 39 Melilotus indica 47 Myoporum insulare 51 Melilotus mauritanica 47 Myoporum mauritianum 51 Melilotus officinalis 47 Myoporum parvifolium 51 Melodorum manubriatum 3 Myoporum serra tum 51 Merope angulata 64 Myristica hollrungii 51 Mertensia maritima 5 Myristica irya 51 Mesembryanthemum aequilaterale 32, 33 Myrsine capitellata 52 Mesembryanthemum aitonis 33 Myrsine umbellulata 52 Mesembryanthemum album 33 Mesembryanthemum australe 32, 33 Mesembryanthemum candens 32, 33 N Mesembryanthemum crassifolium 33 Najas browniana 53 Mesembryanthemum cryptanthum 33 Najas graminea 53 Mesembryanthemum crystallinum 33 Najas major 53 Mesembryanthemum digitiforme 33 Najas marina 53, 73 Mesembryanthemum edule 32, 33 Najas minor 53 Mesembryanthemum forskahlei 33 Nanophyton caspicum 17 Mesembryanthemum megarhizum 33 Nanophyton erinaceum 17 Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum 33, 89 Nardophyllum obtusifolium 25 Mesembryanthemum obliquum 33 Neoluederitzia sericocarpa 71 Mesembryanthemum salicornioides 33 Niederleinia juniperoides 34 Mesembryanthemum sessiliflorum 33 Nipa fruticans 55 Messerschmidia sibirica 5 Nitraria billardieri 72 Messerschmidtia argentea 5 Nitraria retusa 72 Mestoklema macrorhizum 1 Nitraria schoberi 72 Micranthium micranthemoides 66 Nitraria sibirica 72 Microcnemum corallo ides 17 Nitraria tangutorum 72 Millettia hemsleyana 47 Nitraria tridentata 72 Mimosa gilliesii 47, 48 Nitrophila australis 17 Mimozyganthus carinatus 47 Nitrophila mohavensis 17 Mimulus repens 66 Nitrophila occidentalis 17 Minuria cunninghami 25 Noaea mucronata 17 Miscanthus sinensis 39 Noaea spinosissima 17 Modiola caroliniana 50 Nolana crassulifolia 54 Modiola geranioides 50 Nowodworskya imberbis 37,39 Modiola multifda 50 Nucularia perrini 65 Modiolastrum geranioides 50 Nuphar advena 54 Monanthochloe eludens 39 Nypa fruticans 55 240 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth o Pandanus pygmaeus 56 Ochradenus baccatus 62 Pandanus rivularis 56 Ochthocharis bornensis 51 Pandanus rostratus 56 Ochthocharis javanica 51 Pandanus spiralis 56 Odina malifolia 3 Pandanus tectorius 56 Odontites litoralis 66 Pandanus utilis 56 Odyssea jaegeri 39 Pandanus veitchi 56 Odyssea mucronata 39 Panderia pilosa 17 Odyssea paucinervis 39 Panicum adscendens 37, 40 Oedera trinervia 25 Panicum compressum 38,40 Oenanthe fistulosa 70 Panicum helopus 40, 44 Oenanthe lachenalii 70 Panicum hochstetterianum 40 Ofaiston monandrum 17 Panicum javanicum 40 Ofaiston paucifolium 17 Panicum sanguinale 40 Olearia axillaris 25 Panicum syzigachne 36, 40 Oligomeris linifolia 62 Panicum virgatum 40 Oncosperma filamentosum 55 Pappophorum caespitosum 40 Oncosperma horridum 55 Pappophorum philippianum 40 Oncosperma tigillaria 55 Pappophorum vagina tum 40 Opuntia paediophila 5 Paramignya angulata 64 Opuntia platyacantha 5 Paramignya longispina 64 Orchipeda papuana 3 Parapholis incurva 40 Orin us thoroldii 40 Parapholis strigosa 40 Ormenis praecox 25 Parinari corymbosum 22 Ormocarpum verrucosum 47 Parkinsonia aculeata 48 Orthocarpus castillejoides 66 Paspalidium geminatum 40 Orthocarpus pusillus 66 Paspalum distichum 40 Oryza coarctata 40,41 Paspalum paspaloides 40 Oryza meyeriana 40 Paspalum vaginatum 40 Oryza sativa 40 Paspalum walterianum 40 Osbornia octodonta 52 Pavonia racemosa 50 Osteocarpum dipterocarpum 17 Pavonia rhizophorae 50 Osteocarpum salsuginosum 17 Pavonia spicata 50 Osteospermum fruticosum 25 Pectin ella griffithii 53,61 Osteospermum moniliferum 25 Pectis arenaria 26 Osteospermum pachypteris 25 Pedilanthus tithymaloides 32 Osteospermum sanctae-helenae 26 Peganum harmala 64 Otanthus maritimus 26 Peganum nigellastrum 64 Oxytropis glabra 47 Pelargonium capitatum 35 Oxytropis microphylla 48 Pellacalyx axillaris 63 Pelliciera rhizophoreae 69 p Pemphis acidula 50 Pachycereus pringlei 5 Pemphis madagascariensis 50 Pachycornia robusta 17 Pennisetum alopecuroides 40 Pachycornia triandra 17 Pennisetum cenchroides 36, 40 Palaquium obovatum 65 Pennisetum typhoideum 40 Pandanus affinis 56 Pentatropis cynanchoides 4 Pandanus edulis 56 Pentatropis spiralis 4 Pandanus helicopus 56 Pentzia incana 26 Pandanus odoratissimus 56 Pentzia virgata 26 Pandanus pedunculatus 56 Peponium sublitorale 28 Halophyte Database verso 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 241

Pergularia tomentosa 4 Plantago coronopus 56 Petrosimonia brachiata 17 Plantago crassifolia 56 Petrosimonia crassifolia 17 Plantago depressa 56 Petrosimonia glauca 17 Plantago eriopoda 56 Petrosimonia glaucescens 17 Plantago hirtella 56 Petrosimonia litvinowi 17 Plantago insularis 56 Petrosimonia sibirica 17 Plantago lanceolata 56 Petunia parviflora 67 Plantago major 56 Phacelurus latifolius 40 Plantago maritima 56 Phalaris arundinacea 40 Plantago myosurus 56 Pharnaceum acidum 33 Plantago patagonica 56 Pharnaceum verrucosum 33 Plantago robusta 56 Phaseolus semierectus 48 Plantago tenuiflora 56 Phellopterus littoralis 70 Plectrocarpa tetracantha 72 Philoxerus vermicularis 2 Pluchea camphorata 26 Phoberos zeyheri 4 Pluchea cardinensis 26 Phoenix canariensis 55 Pluchea purpurascens 26 Phoenix dactylifera 55 Pluchea sericea 26 Phoenix paludosa 55 Pluchea sordida 26 Phoenix reclinata 55 Poa bulbosa 41 Phoenix theophrastii 55 Poa lanuginosa 41 Pholiurus incurvus 40 Poa pratensis 41 Phragmites australis 40 Poa rupestris 41, 42 Phragmites communis 40 Poa scoparia 38,41 Phragmites karka 40 Poa subfastigiata 41 Phryganocydia phellosperma 4 Poacynum hendersonii 3 Phucagrostis manatorum 53 Podocarpus neriifolia 26 Phyla nodiflora 71 Podocarpus polystachya 27 Phyllospadix iwatensis 53 Pollichia campestris 44 Phyllospadix japonicus 53 Polyalthia sclerophylla 3 Phyllospadix scouleri 53 Polycarpon succulentum 6 Phyllospadix serrulatus 53 Polygonum acetosum 60 Phyllospadix torreyi 53 Polygonum aphyllum 60 Physalis viscosa 67 Polygonum aviculare 60 Picramnia pentandra 66 Polygonum bellardi 60 Picrosia longifolia 26 Polygonum blumei 60 Pimelea clavata 69 Polygonum brasiliense 60 Pimelea ferruginea 69 Polygonum maritimum 60 Piper colubrinum 56, 63 Polygonum monspeliense 60 Piper revolutum 56 Polygonum patulum 60 Piptoptera turkestana 17 Polygonum sibiricum 60 Pisonia aculeata 54 Polygonum striatum 60 Pisonia alba 54 Polygonum stypticum 60 Pisonia grandis 54 Polypogon elongatus 41 Pithecellobium lanceolatum 48 Polypogon maritimus 41 Pithecellobium umbrellatum 48 Polypogon monspeliensis 41 Plagianthus helmsii 50 Pongamia glabra 48 Plantago asiatica 56 Pongamia pinnata 48 Plantago australis 56 Pongamia velutina 48 Plantago bigelovii 56 Populus euphratica 64 Plantago corn uti 56 Populus pruinosa 64 242 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

Porpa repens 69 Psylliostachys beludshistanicus 59 Porteresia coarctata 41 Psylliostachys leptostachyus 59 Portulaca confertifolia 61 Psylliostachys spicatus 59 Portulaca lutea 61 Pterocactus tuberosus 6 Portulaca mundula 61 Pterocarpus draco 48 Portulaca oleracea 61 Pterocarpus indicus 48 Portulaca parvula 61 Pterocarpus officinalis 48 Portulaca phaeosperma 61 Pteropyrum olivierii 60 Portulaca pilosa 61 Puccinellia capillaris 41 Portulaca ragonesi 61 Puccinellia ciliata 41 Portulaca retusa 61 Puccinellia dis tans 41 Portulaca ria afra 61 Puccinellia festuciformis 41 Portulacaria armiana 61 Puccinellia gigantea 41 Posidonia australis 53 Puccinellia glaucescens 41 Posidonia caulini 53 Puccinellia grandis 41 Posidonia oceanica 53 Puccinellia hauptiana 41 Posidonia ostenfeldii 53 Puccinellia kurilensis 41 Potamogeton crispus 53 Puccinellia limosa 41 Potamogeton javanicus 54 Puccinellia macranthera 41 Potamogeton lucens 54 Puccinellia maritima 41 Potamogeton pectinatus 54 Puccinellia nuttalliana 41, 81 Potamogeton pusillus 54 Puccinellia osteniana 42 Potentilla anserina 64 Puccinellia parishii 42 Potentilla bifurca 64 Puccinellia peisonis 42, 87 Potentilla multicipitis 64 Puccinellia rupestris 42 Potentilla sup ina 64 Puccinellia schischkinii 42 Pouteria obovata 65 Puccinellia stricta 42 Prosopidastrum globosum 48 Puccinellia tenuiflora 42 Prosopis alpataco 48 Pycreus polystachyos 29,30 Prosopis articulata 48 Prosopis chilensis 48 R Prosopis cineraria 48 Ranunculus baudotii 62 Prosopis denudans 48 Ranunculus cymbalaria 62 Prosopis farcta 48, 76 Ranunculus plantaginifolius 62 Prosopis juliflora 48, 87 Ranunculus ruthenicus 62 Prosopis nigra 48 Ranunculus tricuspis 62 Prosopis pallida 48 Raphanus raphanistrum 28 Prosopis rep tans 48 Raphia taedigera 55 Prosopis ruscifolia 48 Raphia vinifera 55 Prosopis spicigera 48 Reaumuria alternifolia 67 Prosopis stephaniana 48 Reaumuria billardieri 67 Prosopis strombulifera 48 Reaumuria cis to ides 67 Prosopis tamarugo 48, 79, 88 Reaumuria fruticosa 67 Prosopis torreyana 48 Reaumuria hirtella 67 Prosopis velutina 48 Reaumuria hypericoides 67 Prunus persica 64 Reaumuria negevensis 67 Pseudoclappia arenaria 26 Reaumuria palaestina 67 Psiadia rotundifolia 24, 26 Reaumuria soongarica 67 Psila spartioides 26 Reaumuria stocksii 67 Psilocaulon salicomioides 33 Reaumuria trigyna 67 Psilolemma jaegeri 41 Reederochloa eludens 42 Halophyte Database Vers. 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 243

Remirea maritima 30 Sabbatia calycosa 34 Reseda hirsuta 62 Sabbatia gracilis 34 Reseda linifolia 62 Saccharum arundinaceum 42 Reseda pulverulenta 62 Saccharum robustum 42 Reseda stenostachya 62 Saccharum spontaneum 42 Rhabdadenia biflora 3 Sagina crassicaulis 6 Rhagodia baccata 17 Sagina maritima 6 Rhagodia billardieri 17 Sagina occidentalis 6 Rhagodia crassifolia 17 Sagitta ria calycina 2 Rhagodia drummondii 17 Salicornia ambigua 17 Rhagodia gaudichaudiana 12, 17 Salicornia arabica 17 Rhapidophyllum hystrix 55 Salicornia australis 17,22 Rheum leucorrhizum 60 Salicornia bigelovii 17, 79, 85, 87, 89 Rheum nanum 60 Salicornia bigelowii 17 Rhigozum obovatum 4 Salicornia brachiata 17 Rhigozum trichotomum 4 Salicornia dolichostachya 17 Rhizophora apiculata 63 Salicornia europaea 17, 20 Rhizophora brevistyla 63 Salicornia fragilis 17 Rhizophora caseolaris 50, 63 Salicornia fruticosa 8, 18 Rhizophora harrisonii 63 Salicornia gaudichaudiana 18 Rhizophora mangle 63 Salicornia herbacea 18 Rhizophora mucronata 63 Salicornia leiostachya 8, 18 Rhizophora parviflora 63 Salicornia lignosa 18 Rhizophora racemosa 63 Salicornia lylei 14, 18 Rhizophora samoensis 64 Salicornia meyeriana 18 Rhizophora sexangula 63,64 Salicornia natalensis 18, 20 Rhizophora stylosa 64, 76 Salicornia nitens 18 Rhizophora tagal 63,64 Salicornia pachystachva 18 Rhodostachys urbaniana 5 Salicornia pachystachya 8, 18 Robinia halodendron 47,48 Salicornia pacifica 18, 20 Robinia pseud-acacia 48 Salicornia peruviana 18 Rottboellia latifolia 40, 42 Salicornia procumbens 18 Roycea divaricata 17 Salicornia prostrata 18 Roycea pycnophylloides 17 Salicornia pulvinata 18 Roycea spinescens 17 Salicornia ramosissima 18 Rumex crassus 60 Salicornia rubra 18 Rumex crispus 60 Salicornia subterminalis 8, 18 Rumex maritimus 61 Salicornia tenuis 18, 21 Rumex marschallianus 61 Salicornia uniflora 18 Rumex persicarioides 61 Salicornia utahensis 18, 20 Ruppia cirrhosa 61 Salicornia veneta 18 Ruppia maritima 61 Salicornia virginica 18 Ruppia rostellata 61 Salsola abarghuensis 18 Ruppia spiralis 61 Salsola aphylla 18 Rynchospora nitens 30 Salsola arbuscula 18 Salsola auricula 14, 18 S Salsola baryosma 18 Sabal palmetto 55 Salsola brachiata 13, 18 Sabatia arenicola 34 Salsola canescens 18 Sabatia campanulata 34 Salsola carinata 18 Sabbatia calycina 34 Salsola chinghaiensis 18 244 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

Salsola chorassanica 18 Salsola verdoorniae 19 Salsola clavifolia 18 Salsola vermiculata 19 Salsola collina 18 Salsola villosa 19 Salsola crassa 18 Salsola volkensii 19 Salsola delileana 18 Salsola zaidamica 19 Salsola dendroides 18 Salvadora angustifolia 65 Salsola drummondii 18 Salvadora oleo ides 65 Salsola ferganica 18 Salvadora persica 65 Salsola foetida 18 Samolus ebracteatus 62 Salsola foliosa 18 Samolus junceus 62 Salsola gemmascens 18 Samolus porosus 62 Salsola glauca 14, 18 Samolus repens 62 Salsola gossypina 18 Samolus valerandi 62 Salsola gymnomaschala 18 Sanicula maritima 70 Salsola hierochuntica 14, 18 Sapium indicum 32 Salsola hispidula 18 Sarcobatus maximiliani 19 Salsola iberica 19 Sarcobatus vermiculatus 19 Salsola incanescens 19 Sarcocornia blackiana 20 Salsola inermis 19 Sarcocornia decumbens 20 Salsola jordanicola 19 Sarcocornia fruticosa 20 Salsola kali 19 Sarcocornia globosa 20 Salsola kerneri 19 Sarcocornia littorea 20 Salsola komarovi 19 Sarcocornia mossiana 20 Salsola lanata 13, 19 Sarcocornia natalensis 20, 83 Salsola lancifolia 7, 19 Sarcocornia pacifica 20 Salsola leptoclada 19 Sarcocornia perennis 20 Salsola longifolia 19 Sarcocornia pillansiae 20 Salsola longistylosa 19 Sarcocornia quinquejlora 20 Salsola nitraria 19 Sarcocornia utahensis 20 Salsola orienta lis 19 Saussurea amara 26 Salsola passerina 19 Saussurea amiaria 26 Salsola paulsenii 19 Saussurea crassifolia 26 Salsola praecox 19 Saussurea glomerata 26 Salsola prostrata 19 Saussurea laciniata 26 Salsola richleri 19 Saussurea mongolica 26 Salsola rigida 19 Saussurea radiata 26 Salsola rosacea 19 Saussurea runcinata 26 Salsola ruthenica 19 Saussurea salsula 26 Salsola schweinfurthii 19 Scaevola crassifolia 35 Salsola sclerantha 19 Scaevola frutescens 35 Salsola sieberi 19 Scaevola humilis 35 Salsola soda 19 Scaevola koenigii 35 Salsola spissa 19 Scaevola lobelia 35 Salsola subaphylla 7, 14, 19 Scaevola nitida 35 Salsola subcrassa 19 Scaevola plumieri 35 Salsola tamariscina 19 Scaevola sericea 35 Salsola tetragona 19 Scaevola taccada 35 Salsola tetrandra 19 Scaevola thunbergii 35 Salsola tomentosa 19 Sceletium rigidum 33 Salsola turcomanica 13, 19 Schinus dependens 3 Halophyte Database Vers. 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 245

Schinus polygamus 3 Selliera radicans 35 Schizonepeta multifida 45 Senecio filaginoides 26 Schoenus nigricans 30 Senecio pampae 26 Scirpus acutus 30 Senecio pampeanus 26 Scirpus americanus 30 Senecio roldana 26 Scirpus californicus 30 Senecio sublobatus 26 Scirpus carinatus 30 Senecio subulatus 26 Scirpus cernuus 30 Serenoa repens 55 Scirpus dioecus 30 Sesbania grandiflora 48, 76 Scirpus holoschoenus 30 Sesuvium digynum III, IV, 1, 33 Scirpus koilolepis 30 Sesuvium eastwoodianum 1 Scirpus lacustris 30 Sesuvium erectum 1 Scirpus littoralis 30 Sesuvium hydaspicum Scirpus maritimus 29, 30 Sesuvium maritimum 33 Scirpus nanus 30 Sesuvium portulacastrum 33 Scirpus nodosus 30 Sesuvium sessile 33 Scirpus olneyi 30 Sesuvium sesuvioides III, 1 Scirpus paludosus 30 Sesuvium verrucosum 33 Scirpus pungens 30 Setaria viridis 42 Scirpus riparius 30 Sevada schimperi 21 Scirpus robustus 30 Sida hederacea 50 Scirpus rufus 28, 31 Sida lepidota 50 Scirpus tabernaemontani 31 Sida leprosa 50 Scirpus triqueter 31 Sida obliqua 50 Scirpus validus 31 Sida parviflora 50 Sclerochlamys brachyptera 20 Sidalcea neomexicana 50 Sclerolaena clelandii 20 Sidalcea parviflora 50 Sclerolaena decurrens 20 Sideroxylon brownii 65 Sclerolaena eriacantha 20 Sisymbrium salsugineum 28 Sclerolaena glabra 20 Sisyndite spartea 72 Sclerolaena intricata 20 Solanum halophilum 67 Sclerolaena lanicuspis 20 Solanum incanum 67 Sclerolaena paradoxa 13,20 Solanum kurtzianum 67 Scleralaena walkeri 20 Solanum pennellii 67, 77, 88 Sclerostegia arbuscula 20 Solidago sempervirens 26 Sclerostegia dis articulata 20 Sonchus maritimus 26 Sclerostegia medullosa 21 Sonneratia acida 50 Sclerostegia moniliformis 21 Sonneratia alba 50 Sclerostegia tenuis 21 Sonneratia apetala 50 Scolopia macrophylla 4 Sonneratia caseolaris 50 Scolopia rhinanthera 4 Sonneratia griffithii 50 Scolopia zeyheri 4 Sonneratia ovata 50 Scorzonera divaricata 26 Sooja nomame 46, 48 Scorzonera parviflora 26 Sophora alopecuroides 48 Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea 64 Sophora heptaphylla 46, 48 Seetzenia lanata 72 Sophora japonica 48 Seidlitzia flordia 21 Sophora tomentosa 48 Seidlitzia florida 21 Spartina alterniflora 42 Seidlitzia rosmarinus 21 Spartina anglica 42 Selenothamnus helmsii 50 Spartina brasiliensis 42 246 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

Spartina foliosa 42 Sporobolus pungens 43 Spartina gracilis 42 Sporobolus pyramidalis 43 Spartina longispica 42 Sporobolus pyramidatus 43 Spartina maritima 42 Sporobolus regis 43 Spartina montevidensis 42 Sporobolus rigens 43, 74 Spartina patagonica 42 Sporobolus robustus 43 Spartina patens 42 Sporobolus secundatum 43 Spartina pectinata 42 Sporobolus spicatus 43 Spartina schreberi 42 Sporobolus spiciformis 43 Spartina spartinae 42 Sporobolus tremulus 43, 87 Spartina stricta 42 Sporobolus virginicus 43 Spartina townsendi 42, 85 Sporobolus wrightii 43 Spartina townsendii 42, 85 Spyridium globulosum 63 Spergularia canadensis 6 Statice articulata 57,59 Spergularia diandra 6 Statice asterotricha 57, 59 Spergularia grandis 6 Statice aurea 57, 59 Spergularia macro theca 6 Statice auriculaefolia 59 Spergularia marginata 6 Statice australis 57,59 Spergularia marina 6 Statice axillaris 57, 59 Spergularia media 6 Statice bellidifolia 57, 59 Spergularia rubra 6 Statice bicolor 57, 59 Spergularia rupicola 6 Statice bourgaei 57,59 Spergularia salina 6 Statice brassicaefolia 57,59 Sphaeralcea bonariensis 50 Statice cancellata 59 Sphaerocoma aucheri 6 Statice carnosa 57,59 Sphaerophysa salsula 48 Statice cordata 57, 59 Sphenopus divaricatus 42 Statice cylindrifolia 58, 59 Sphenopus gouani 42 Statice cymulifera 58, 59 Spinifex hirsutus 42 Statice delicatula 58, 59 Spinifex littoreus 42 Statice dichotoma 58, 59 Spinifex longifolius 42 Statice difJusa 58, 59 Spinifex squarrosus 42 Statice duriuscula 58, 59 Spirostachys occidentalis 7, 21 Statice echioides 58, 59 Spirostachys olivascens 15,21 Statice ferulacea 58, 59 Spirostachys patagonica 7, 21 Staticefruticans 57,58,59 Spirostachys vaginata 7, 21 Statice globulariaefolia 59 Sporobolus affinis 42, 43 Statice gmelini 60 Sporobolus airoides 42 Statice imbricata 58,60 Sporobolus arabicus 42 Statice leptostachya 59,60 Sporobolus artus 43 Statice limonium 57,59, 60 Sporobolus asperifolius 39, 43 Statice macrophylla 58, 60 Sporobolus consimilis 43 Statice opulenta 58, 60 Sporobolus fimbriatus 43 Statice otolepis 58, 60 Sporobolus helvola 43 Statice ovalifolia 58, 60 Sporobolus ioclados 43 Statice pectinata 58,60 Sporobolus ligularis 39,43 Statice perezii 58, 60 Sporobolus maximus 43 Statice peifoliata 60 Sporobolus micranthum 43 Statice preauxii 58, 60 Sporobolus phleoides 43 Statice pruinosa 58, 60 Sporobolus platensis 43 Statice psiloclada 58, 60 Halophyte Database T'Crs. 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 247

Statice puberula 59,60 Suaeda littoralis 21 Statice rediviva 59,60 Suaeda maritima 21, 78, 79, 89, 90 Statice rumicifolia 59, 60 Suaeda mexican a 21 Statice salicorniacea 59, 60 Suaeda microphylla 22 Statice sinuata 59, 60 Suaeda microsperma 22 Statice speciosa 59,60 Suaeda minutifolia 22 Statice spectabilis 59, 60 Suaeda monodiana 22 Statice spicata 59,60 Suaeda monoica 22, 87 Statice stocksii 59, 60 Suaeda moquinii 22 Statice suffruticosa 59,60 Suaeda nigra 22 Statice tomentella 59,60 Suaeda nigrescens 22 Stegnosperma cubense 56 Suaeda nudiflora 22 Stegnosperma halimifolia 56 Suaeda palaestina 22 Stellaria littoralis 6 Suaeda palmeri 22 Stenochlaena palustris 5 Suaeda paradoxa 22 Stenocholaena palustris 5 Suaeda patagonica 22 Stenotaphrum glabrum 43 Suaeda physophora 22 Stenotaphrum secunda tum 43 Suaeda plattensis 22 Sterculia africana 67 Suaeda prostrata 22 Stipa hookeri 35,43 Suaeda pruinosa 22 Stipa krylovi 43 Suaeda przewalskii 22 Stipa splendens 35, 43 Suaeda pterantha 22 Stipagrostis namaquensis 43 Suaeda salsa 22 Suaeda acuminata 21 Suaeda setigera 22 Suaeda aegyptiaca 21, 77 Suaeda splendens 22 Suaeda altissima 21 Suaeda stauntonii 22 Suaeda arbusculoides 21 Suaeda stellatiflora 22 Suaeda arcuata 21 Suaeda suffrutescens 22 Suaeda argentinensis 21 Suaeda torreyana 22 Suaeda asphaltica 21 Suaeda vera 22 Suaeda australis 21, 85 Suaeda vermiculata 22 Suaeda baccata 21 Suriana maritima 66 Suaeda baccifera 21 Swainsona salsula 48 Suaeda caespitosa 21 Sympegma rege/ii 22 Suaeda californica 21 Syringodium filiforme 61 Suaeda conferta 21 Syringodium isoetifolium 62 Suaeda corniculata 21 Suaeda crassifolia 21 T Suaeda depressa 21, 89 Tabebuia palustris 4 Suaeda divaricata 21 Tabernaemontana dichotoma 3 Suaeda esteroa 21 Talinum paniculatum 61 Suaedafruticosa 21, 76 Talinum patens 61 Suaeda glauca 21 Talinum polygaloides 61 Suaeda heterocarpa 21 Tamarix africana 67 Suaeda heterophylla 21 Tamarix amplexicaulis 67 Suaeda jacoensis 21 Tamarix androssowii 67 Suaeda japonica 21 Tamarix aphylla 67 Suaeda kossinskyi 21 Tamarix aralensis 67 Suaeda linearis 21 Tamarix aravensis 67 Suaeda linifolia 21 Tamarix arborea 67 248 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

Tamarix arceuthoides 67 Tephrosia purpurea 48 Tamarix articulata 67, 68, 81 Terminalia buceras 23 Tamarix aucherana 68 Terminalia catappa 23 Tamarix balansae 68 Tessaria absinthioides 26, 80 Tamarix boveana 68 Tessaria borealis 26 Tamarix canariensis 68 Tessaria dodoneifolia 26 Tamarix chinensis 68 Tetrachne dregei 43 Tamarix dalmatica 68 Tetradiclis salsa 64, 71 Tamarix elongata 68 Tetradiclis ten ella 71 Tamarix gallica 68 Tetragonia arbuscula 33 Tamarix gracilis 68 Tetragonia eremaea 33 Tamarix hampeana 68 Tetragonia expansa 33 Tamarix hispida 68 Tetragonia fruticosa 33 Tamarix hohenackeri 68 Tetragonia galariculata 33 Tamarix indica 68 Tetragonia hirsuta 33 Tamarix juniperina 68 Tetragonia implexicoma 33 Tamarix karakalensis 68 Tetragonia portulacoides 33 Tamarix komarovii 68 Tetragonia tetragonoides 33 Tamarix kotschyi 68 Tetragonia zeyheri 33 Tamarix laxa 68 Thalassia hemprichii 44 Tamarix leptostachys 68 Thalassia testudinum 44 Tamarix macrocarpa 68 Thalassodendron ciliatum 71 Tamarix mannifera 68 Thalassodendron pachyrhizum 71 Tamarix mascatensis 68 Theleophyton billardieri 22 Tamarix meyeri 68 Thellungiella salsuginea 28 Tamarix nilotica 68 Thermopsis lanceolata 49 Tamarix octandra 68 Thespesia acutiloba 50 Tamarix palaestina 68 Thespesia howii 50 Tamarix parviflora 68 Thespesia lampas 50 Tamarix passerinoides 68 Thespesia macrophylla 51 Tamarix pentandra 68 Thespesia populnea 51 Tamarix polystachya 68 Thespesia populneoides 51 Tamarix psammophila 68 Thinogeton miersii 66, 67 Tamarix pycnocarpa 68 Thinopyrum bessarabicum 43 Tamarix ramosissima 68 Threlkeldia diffusa 22 Tamarix rosea 68 Threlkeldia inchoata 22 Tamarix salina 68 Threlkeldia salsuginosa 17, 22 Tamarix senegalensis 68 Thuarea involuta 43 Tamarix serotina 68 Thuarea sarmentosa 43 Tamarix szovitsiana 68 Tidestromia lanuginosa 2 Tamarix tetragyna 68, 80 Tournefortia argentea 5 Tamarix usneoides 68 Tournefortia gnaphalodes 5 Taraxacum erythropodium 26 Tournefortia montana 5 Taraxacum sinense 26 Tournefortia sibirica 5 Taraxacum sinicum 26 Tovomita rhizophoroides 44 Tarenna fragrans 64 Traganum nuda tum 22 Tecticornia australasica 22 Trapa natans 54 Tecticornia verrucosa 22 Trianthema crystallina 33 Tegicornia uniflora 22 Trianthema decandra 33 Telanthera maritima 2 Trianthema hydaspica III, IV, 1,33 Halophyte Database Vers. 2.0 in alphabetical order including some updates 249

Trianthema portulacastrum 33 Verbena ligustrina 71 Trianthema triquetra 34 Verbena officinalis 71 Tribulus cis to ides 72 Verbena scabra 71 Tribulus terrestris 72 Verbena urticifolia 71 Trichloris crinita 43 Verbena xutha 71 Trichloris pluriflora 43 Vigna marina 49 Trichurus monsoniae 2 Vilfa helvola 43, 44 Trifolium fragiferum 49 Vitex clarkeana 71 Trifolium involucratum 49 Vitex trifoUa 71 Trifolium maritimum 49 Voacanga papuana 3 Trifolium resupinatum 49 Voacanga thouarsii 3 Trifolium tomentosum 49 Trifolium wormskioldii 49 W Triglochin bulbosum 54 Wash ington ia filifera 55 Triglochin concinna 54 Webera fragrans 64 Triglochin gaspense 45, 81 Weihea thomassetii 63,64 Triglochin maritimum 54 Westringia dampieri 45 Triglochin mucronatum 54 Wislizenia refracta 6 Triglochin palustre 54 Triglochin straada 54 X Triglochin striatum 54 Xanthium sibiricum 26 Trigonella ruthenica 49 Xylocarpus australasicus 51 Tripleurospermum maritimum 26 Xylocarpus gangeticus 51 Tripteris pachypteris 25, 26 Xylocarpus granatum 51 Triticum aestivum 43 Xylocarpus mekongensis 51 Triticum intermedium 43 Xylocarpus moluccensis 51 Triticum vulgare 43 Triumfetta procumbens 69 Z Tuberostylis axillaris 26 Zamia chigua 28 Typha angustata 69 Zannichellia palustris 54 Typha angustifolia 69 Zannichellia pedicula 54 Typha domingensis 69 Zizania aquatica 44 Typha glauca 69 Zizania bonariensis 44 Typha latifolia 69 Zizaniopsis bonariensis 44 Typha orientalis 69 Ziziphus nummularia 63 Typha shuttleworthii 69 Zostera americana 54 Zostera asiatica 54 U Zostera caespitosa 54 Ulmus pumila 69 Zostera capensis 54 Uniola palmeri 38,44 Zostera capricorni 54 Uniola paniculata 44 Zostera caulescens 54 Urceolina latifolia 2 Zostera marina 54 Urginea maritima 49 Zostera mucro nata 54 Urginea scilla 49 Zostera muelleri 54 Urochloa helopus 44 Zostera nana 54 Zostera noltii 54 V Zostera novazelandica 54 Vaseyanthus brandegei 28 Zostera tasmanica 54, 71 Vaseyanthus insularis 28 Zoysia macrantha 44 Verbena gracilescens 71 Zoysia macrostachya 44 250 Uwe Menzel and Helmut Lieth

Zoysia matrella 44 Zygophyllum gaetulum 72 Zoysia pungens 44 Zygophyllum geslini 72 Zoysia tenuifolia 44 Zygophyllum glaucescens 72 Zygophyllum album 72 Zygophyllum iodocarpum 72 Zygophyllum billardierii 72 Zygophyllum lana tum 72 Zygophyllum clava tum 72 Zygophyllum loczyi 72 Zygophyllum coccineum 72 Zygophyllum microcarpum 72 Zygophyllum cornutum 72 Zygophyllum oxianum 72 Zygophyllum crenatum 72 Zygophyllum prismatothecum 72 Zygophyllum decumbens 72, 77 Zygophyllum propinquum 72 Zygophyllum dumosum 72 Zygophyllum quatarense 72 Zygophyllum eichwaldi 72 Zygophyllum simplex 72 Zygophyllum Jabago 72 Zygophyllum stapfii 72 Zygophyllum Jontanesii 72 Zygophyllum water/otii 72 Tasks for vegetation science

1. E.O. Box: Macroclimate and plant forms. An introduction to predictive modelling in phytogeography. 1981 ISBN 90-6193-941-0 2. D.N. Sen and K.S. Rajpurohit (eds.): Contributions to the ecology of halophytes. 1982 ISBN 90-6193-942-9 3. 1. Ross: The radiation regime and architecture of plant stands. 1981 ISBN 90-6193-607-1 4. N.S. Margaris and H.A Mooney (eds.): Components ofproductivity ofMediterranean- climate regions. Basic and applied aspects. 1981 ISBN 90-6193-944-5 5. MJ. Muller: Selected climatic data for a global set ofstandard stations for vegetation science. 1982 ISBN 90-6193-945-3 6. I. Roth: Stratification of tropical forests as seen in leaf structure [Part 1].1984 ISBN 90-6193-946-1 For Part 2, see Volume 21 7. L. Steubing and H.-1. Jager (eds.): Monitoring of air pollutants by plants. Methods and problems. 1982 ISBN 90-6193-947-X 8. HJ. Teas (ed.): Biology and ecology of mangroves. 1983 ISBN 90-6193-948-8 9. HJ. Teas (ed.): Physiology and management of mangroves. 1984 ISBN 90-6193-949-6 10. E. Feoli, M. Lagonegro and L. Orlci: Information analysis of vegetation data. 1984 ISBN 90-6193-950-X 11. Z. Svestak (ed.): Photosynthesis during leaf development. 1985 ISBN 90-6193-951-8 12. E. Medina, H.A Mooney and C. Vzquez-Y nes (eds.): Physiological ecology ofplants of the wet tropics. 1984 ISBN 90-6193-952-6 13. N.S. Margaris, M. Arianoustou-Faraggitaki and w.e. Oechel (eds.): Being alive on land. 1984 ISBN 90-6193-953-4 14. D.O. Hall, N. Myers and N.S. Margaris (eds.): Economics ofecosystem management. 1985 ISBN 90-6193-505-9 15. A Estrada and Th.H. Fleming (eds.): Frugivores and seed dispersal. 1986 ISBN 90-6193-543-1 16. B. Dell, AJ.M. Hopkins and B.B. Lamont (eds.): Resilience in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. 1986 ISBN 90-6193-579-2 17. I. Roth: Stratification of a tropical forest as seen in dispersal types. 1987 ISBN 90-6193-613-6 18. H.-G. Dassler and S. Bortitz (eds.): Air pollution and its influence on vegetation. Causes, Effects, Prophy'laxis and Therapy. 1988 ISBN 90-6193-619-5 Tasks for vegetation science

19. RL. Specht (ed.): Mediterranean-type ecosystems. A data source book. 1988 ISBN 90-6193-652-7 20. L.F. Huenneke and H.A Mooney (eds.): Grassland structure andfunction. California annual grassland. 1989 ISBN 90-6193-659-4 21. B. RoBet, Ch. Hagerrnann and I. Roth: Stratification oftropical forests as seen in leaf structure, Part 2. 1990 ISBN 0-7923-0397-0 22. J. Rozema and J.AC. Verkleij (eds.): Ecological responses to environmental stresses. 1991 ISBN 0-7923-0762-3 23. S.c. Pandeya and H. Lieth: Ecology of Cenchrus grass complex. Environmental conditions and population differences in Western India. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-0768-2 24. P.L. Nimis and T.1. Crovello (eds.): Quantitative approaches to phytogeography. 1991 ISBN 0-7923-0795-X 25. D.F. Whigham, RE. Good and K. Kvet (eds.): Wetland ecology and management. Case studies. 1990 ISBN 0-7923-0893-X 26. K. Falinska: Plant demography in vegetation succession. 1991 ISBN 0-7923-1060-8 27. H. Lieth andAA. Al Masoom (eds.): Towards the rational use ofhigh salinity tolerant plants, Vol. 1: Deliberations about high salinity tolerant plants and ecosystems. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-1865-X 28. H. Lieth and AA Al Masoom (eds.): Towards the rational use ofhigh salinity tolerant plants, Vol. 2: Agriculture and forestry under marginal soil water conditions. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-1866-8 29. J.G. Boonman: East Africa's grasses andfodders. Their ecology and husbandry. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-1867-6 30. H. Lieth and M. Lohmann (eds.): Restoration of tropical forest ecosystems. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-1945-1 31. M. Arianoutsou and RH. Groves (eds.): Plant-animal interactions in Mediterranean- type ecosystems. 1994 ISBN 0-7923-2470-6 32. Y.R Squires and AT. Ayoub (eds.): Halophytes as a resource for livestock andfor rehabilitation of degraded lands. 1994 ISBN 0-7923-2664-4 33. T. Hirose and B.H. Walker (eds.): Global change and terrestrial ecosystems in mon- soon Asia. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-0000-0 34. A. Kratochwil (ed.): Biodiversity in Ecosystems: Principles and case studies of different complexity levels. 1999 ISBN 0-7923-5717-5 35. C.A. Burga and A Kratochwil (ed.): Biomonitoring: General and applied aspects on regional and global scales. 2001 ISBN 0-7923-6734-0 Tasks for vegetation science

36. H.-J. Barth and B. Boer (eds.): Sabkha Ecosystems. Volume I: The Arabian Peninsula and Adjacent Countries. 2001 ISBN 1-4020-0504-0 37. R. Ahmad and K.A. Malik (eds.): Prospects for Saline Agrigulture. 2002 ISBN 1-4020-0620-9 38. H. Lieth and M. Mochtchenko (eds.): Cashcrop Halophytes Recent Studies. 10 Years after the Al Ain Meeting. 2003 ISBN 1-4020-1202-0

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