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Andreas Gryphius Und Seine Herodes-Epen; Ein Beitrag Zur Charakteristik Des Barockstils

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Andreas Gryphius Und Seine Herodes-Epen; Ein Beitrag Zur Charakteristik Des Barockstils ^äovVÄ!, ^^^vW^ LVv».^^^. ?^*^% y^i^\ fsssac/l ^^^^.^S^^i^J^' ?>j^'^.W/7^/?sjiZ);:^j^/&:^^i:ä. ^^>le4fc :Si>tr^ ?,^wi#'®®^,y^ 7 -m^-^:^^:^^--^^- ^ ,#?^1 -is^^j/^^^y ^^^KijU^j •TÄ^»^? ^k>.U4 7^^%^ BRESLAUER BEITRÄGE ZUR LITERATURGESCHICHTE. HERAUSGEGEBEN VON PROF. DR. MAX KOCH UND Prof. Dr. GREGOR SARRAZIN IN BRESLAU. n. De. ernst gnerich ANDREAS GRYPHIUS UND SEINE HERODES-EPEN. LEIPZIG. MAX HESSES VERLAG. 1906. ü EIN BEITKAG ZUK CHAßAKTEEISTIK DES BAROCKSTILS VON De ernst eNERICH. LEIPZIO. MAX HESSES VERLAG. 1906. SR. DURCHLAUCHT DEM FÜRSTEN CHRISTIAN KRAFT ZU HOHENLOHE-ÖHRINGEN IN DANKBARKEIT UND EHRERBIETUNG Vorwort. Den Anlaß zur Entstehung dieses Buches gab meine Doktor- arbeit an der hiesigen Universität, und mit Genehmigung der philosophischen Fakultät ist das Kapitel „Literatur- und Lebens- geschichtliches " (S. 105— 149) als Inauguraldissertation gedruckt worden. Die Einleitung enthält die inneren Gründe für die Notwendigkeit der Neuherausgabe des bisher unzugänglichen Jugendwerkes unseres großen Schlesiers Andreas Gryphius. Es darf auch als Pflicht der Forschung der deutschen Literaturgeschichte angesehen werden, selbst die lateinischen Werke solcher Dichter ans Licht zu ziehen, die sich auf dem deutschen Parnaß einen dauernden Sitz erworben haben. In diesem Sinne schreibt z. B. Goethe am 10. April 1819 an Blumenthal, „daß der Deutsche auch in fremden Formen und Sprachen sich selbst gleich bleibt, seinem Charakter und Talent überall Ehre macht" (vgl. Goethe-Jahrbuch II, 284). Zugleich dient die Eigenart der Epen, einer Schülerarbeit von Gryphius, zu neuer Beleuchtung seines erstaunlichen Dichtertalentes, wie die daran angeknüpfte Untersuchung einen Beitrag zur Ge- schichte des Unterrichtswesens an unseren höheren Schulen im 17. Jahrhundert, eine Illustration des Geisteslebens in dieser Zeit überhaupt, zu liefern vermag. Weiteres über die Beschaffen- heit des Werkes und die Grundsätze der Neuherausgabe findet sich auf S. 105 —108 dieses Buches. Herrn Prof. Dr. Max Koch gebührt für die Anregung zu dieser Arbeit mein größter Dank, nächst ihm Herrn Prof. Dr. Franz Skutsch. Die Benutzung der hiesigen Stadt- und Uni- Vm Vorwort. versitätsbibliothek wurde mir von den Herren Bibliothekaren, besonders von den Herren Direktor Dr. Markgraf und Dr. Hippe, in entgegenkommendster Weise vermittelt. Die Stadtbibliotheken von Danzig und Görlitz sandten mir unentbehrliches Material. Das Posener Staatsarchiv, die Königliche Bibliothek zu Berlin, Bibliotheken hiesiger und der Groß-Glogauer Gymnasien, Herr Gymnasialdirektor Dr. Friebe in Posen haben mir auf einzelne Anfragen freundlichst Auskunft erteilt. Allen Genannten danke ich hiermit. Breslau, im November 1905. Ernst Gnerich. Inhalt. Seite Vorwort VII Verzeichnis der benutzten Schriftsteller und der Abkürzungen . XI Einleitung XIII Text der Dichtungen mit Nachweis der Quellen und Lesarten . 1 Literatur- und Lebensgeschichtliches 105 I. Literargeschichtliches Schicksal der Epen 105 IL Entstehungsjahr der Dichtung 109 III. Die Geleitgedichte. — Gryphius' Jugendfreunde 118 IV. Vergleichende Übersichten 123 Erläuternde Übersetzung 150 Epos I: „Herodes' Wut und Eachels Tränen". Die Widmung 150 Eingang (v. 1—32) 151 1. Die Höllenversammlung (v. 33—188) 153 2. Die Weisen aus dem Morgenlande (v. 189—567) 157 3. Herodes' Wut und sein Blutbefehl (v. 568—678) 166 4. Die Flucht nach Ägypten (v. 679—728) 169 5. Der Kindermord (v. 729-950) . 171 6. Die Klage der Kachel (v. 951—1071) 178 Epos II: „Gottes rächende Strafe und Herodes' Untergang" . 182 Die Widmung 182 Eingang (v. 1—52) 183 1. Der Eatschluß des Himmels (v. 53—183) 185 2. Das Keich des Todes (v. 183—313) 188 3. Die Vorgänge in Ägypten (v. 314—592) 192 4. Das Gericht über Herodes (v. 593—1136) 198 5. Die Heimkehr der heil. Familie (v. 1137—1194) 212 6. Schlußworte des Dichters (v. 1195—1204) 213 Die geschichtlichen Quellen 214 Einzelnes 219 Die Technik 225 Formale Fehler des Dichters 228 Verzeichnis der Schriftsteller und Abkürzungen. XI Verzeichnis der von Gryphius benutzten Schriftsteller und der Abkürzungen. Ae = Aeneis, Vergil. a. a. 1 ars amatona. Avian = Avianus (fabulae). A. am. / Avit. = Alcimus Avitus. am. = amores. CatuU. Cic. = Cicero. Cir. = Ciris, appendix (Vergil). Fast. = Fasti. Cl. od. Claud. = Claudianus. Her. = Heroides. Bell. Poll. = Bellum Pollen- Ib. = Ibis. tinum. Trist. = Tristia. Eutr. = In Eutropium. Paul. Nol. = Paulinus Nolanus. Gigant. = Gigantomachia. Pers. = Persius. Gild. = Bellum Gildonicum. Plaut. = Plautus. Hon. = Panegyricus de Honorio. Prop. = Propertius. Pros. = De raptu Proserpinae. Pros. s. Claudianus. Ruf. od. R. = In Rufinum. Prud. = Prudentius. Stil. = Panegyricus de Stilichone. Apoth. = Apotheosis. Consol. = Consolatio ad Liviam. Psychom. = Psychomachia. Colum. = Columella. Symm. = adversus Symmachum. de re rustica (3 Zahlen). R. od. Ruf. s. Claudianus. de cultu hortorum (2 Zahlen). Sedul. = Sedulius. Cul. = Culex (Vergil). Senec. = Seneca. Ecl. = Belogen (Vergil). Sil. = Silius Italiens. Enn. = Ennius. Stat. = Statins. Ennod. = Ennodius. Silv. = Silvae. Ge = Georgica (Vergil). Th = Thebais. Hom. = Homer. Tib. = Tibull. Hör. = Horaz. Val. Flacc. = Valerius Flaccus. carm. = Oden. Venant. Fort. = Venantius Fortu- Epd. = Epodon. natus. a. p. = ars poetica. (Neues Testament:) Juvenal. Apoc. = Apocalypse. Juvenc. = Juvencus. Cor. = Corinther. Lact. = Lactantius. Ebr. = Ebräer. Lucan \ Joh. = Evang. Johannis. > = Lucanus. j Jud. = Epist. Judä. Lucr. == Lucretius. Luc. = Lucas. Met. ^= Ovid: Metamorphosen. Marc. = Marcus. Mart. = Martial. Matth. =^ Matthäus. Mor. = Moretum (Vergil). Petr. = Epist. Petri. Oros. =: Orosius. Rom. = Römer. Ov. = Ovid. Tim. = Timotheus. xn Verzeichnis der Schriftsteller und Abkürzungen. (Altes Testament:) 1. 2. Reg. = 1. 2. Könige. Chron. = Chronica. Sir. = Sirach. Dan. = Daniel. Deut. = Deuteronomium. Eccl. = Ecclesiastes (Pred. Salom.). G. od. Gr. = Gryphius. Ex. = Exodus. Praef. = Praefatio (Widmungsge- Ezech. = Ezechiel. dicht). Genes. = Genesis. Va = Versanfang. Jerem. = Jeremias. Vs = Versschluß. Jes. = Jesaias. * bedeutet dieselbe Versstelle. Num. = Numeri. I = Herodes I. Os. = Hosea. II = Herodes II. Prov. = Proverbia (Sprüche Salom.). B = Breslauer Original. Ps. = Psalm. D = Danziger Original. o / T» f Samuelis. 3. 4. Reg. I In den Anmerkungen sind die mit dem Text übereinstimmenden Worte der antiken Vorbilder abgekürzt, meist mit Anfangsbuchstaben und Punkt gegeben. Druckfehler. S. 21 Z. 7f. von unt. „vgl. Ae 6, 628 hinter longaeva s. zu streichen. S. 25 Z. 15 V. u. 1. 469) Ae 8 . S. 39 V. 828 1. viscera statt viscere, S. 47 V. 1020 1. vobis statt nobis. S. 60 V. 116 1. risit statt visit. S. 72 Z. 3 V. unt. 1. II, 386 statt II, 387. S. 78 Z. 3 V. unt. 1. II, 955 statt I, 955. Einleitung. Der Zauber des Weihnachtsfestes ^) hat nach neuerer For- schung entschiedener noch als die Osterfeier die Anfänge des Dramas in Deutschland hervorgerufen und der Dichtkunst ver- schiedener Jahrhunderte als Stoff gedient. Besonders seit Wein- holds Buch über die Weihnachtsspiele hat die literarische Forschung diesem Dramenkreise wachsende Aufmerksamkeit zugewendet. Wie eng die Kindheitsgeschichte Jesu mit der Person des jüdischen Machthabers Herodes in Verbindung gebracht wurde, zeigen nicht bloß die Bibel und die alten Volksspiele. Noch einer unserer größten modernen Bühnendichter, Friedrich Hebbel, hat sich die Gelegenheit, diesen Zusammenhang in „Herodes und Mariamne" dramatisch wirkungsvoll zu gestalten, nicht entgehen lassen. Und so wird durch die feste Einbürgerung seines Trauerspiels in den Spielplan unserer Bühnen und den tiefen Eindruck, wie wir z. B. gerade hier in Breslau durch die poetische und künstlerisch ver- tiefte Wiedergabe von Mariamne und Herodes durch Martha Santen und Ernst Wendt erlebt haben, die Teilnahme an dem alten Stoffe auch von der Bühne her wieder aufgefrischt, wenn auch in Hebbels Drama wenigstens für die oberflächliche Betrach- tung der religiöse Standpunkt der alten Spiele vor der Teilnahme an dem eigenartigen Charakter des Königs und seinem Verhalten gegen seine über alle Maßen schöne Gemahlin zurücktritt. Mußte aber die dichterische Verwertung der vom jüdischen Geschicht- schreiber Josephus gebotenen Quelle dieses Stoffes in verschie- denen Zeiten auch naturgemäß verschieden sein, so stellen sich trotz aller Wandlungen doch zwei Grundzüge heraus, auf welche *) Gustav Kawerau, Die Entstehung des Weihnachtsfestes, Kektor- rede. Breslau 1904. *) Das neueste, einschlägige Buch, Heinrich Anz „Die lateinischen Magierspiele, Untersuchungen und Texte zur Vorgeschichte des deutschen Weihnachtsspiels", Leipzig 1905, erschien erst nach Abschluß meiner Arbeit, fügt indessen meiner Untersuchung nichts Neues bei. XIV Einleitung. die Beiirbeitungeii sich stützten: Herodes' blinde, unwürdige Eifer- sucht und mißtrauische Herrscherbegierde und Mariamnes Hin- richtung, die seinen verzweifelten, in blutiges Wüten gegen seine Umgebung ausartenden Schmerz verursacht. Das auf psycho- logischer Motivierung beruhende moderne Drama wird selbst- verständlich die Behandlung des ersten Zuges sich zur Haupt- aufgabe machen, die das Äußerliche hervorkehrende Dichtung früherer Zeiten, besonders des 17. Jahrhunderts, die andere Seite. Hier entscheidet der Geist der Zeit. Dieser soll, soweit er für die Beurteilung der vorliegenden Jugenddichtung des Ai^dreas Gryphius in Betracht kommt, kurz skizziert werden. Die Ent- hüllung des ersten Werkes eines jungen Dichters bietet an sich schon in höherem Grade die Gewähr, in unbefangener Weise den Ausdruck des Zeitgeistes zu offenbaren,
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