The Nautical Institute BULK CARRIER PRACTICE

Second Edition

Captain Jack Isbester ExC FNI MCMS Extra Master

Foreword (first edition) by Dr Frank Chao, Chairman, Intercargo Foreword (second edition) by Robert Lorenz-Meyer, President and Chairman BIMCO Managing Partner, Ernst Russ GmbH & Co. KG CONTENTS

Page Appendices and Reference Material - Contents vi Foreword to the First Edition vii Foreword to the Second Edition viii Introduction to the First Edition ix Introduction to the Second Edition xi Acknowledgements First Edition xii

Acknowledgements Second Edition L/ xiv Drawing of bulk carrier types - Drawings 1.1 - 1.1 1 xvi Chapter l BULK CARRIERS PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE 1 Bulk carriers and bulk cargoes, categories of bulk carrier, characteristics of a bulk carrier, typical bulk carrier layout and equipment, features of larger bulk carriers, future ships and trades Chapter 2 CHARTERPARTIES 15 Charterparties, time charters, voyage charters, sub-chartering, vessel's description, voyage estimates, compliance with the charterparty, owners' and charterers' voyage orders, consultation with principals, Master's responsibilities including interruptions to the voyage, keeping full records, surveys, tendering of notice of readiness and new charterparty clauses Chapter 3 LOG BOOKS, RECORDS, REFERENCE BOOKS 23 AND PLANS The records which should be maintained aboard bulk carriers because of their trade, ships' operations manuals, the plans required by deck officers and the reference books required for the trade Chapter 4 MAINTENANCE AND CARE OF HATCH COVERS Development, hatchcover types, watertightness and weathertightness, general description and design, surveys, testing for watertightness, maintenance procedures, some defects, emergency opening and closing, hatch leakage-first aid Chapter 5 PREPARATION OF HOLDS General considerations, whilst discharging, preparation for cleaning, cleaning equipment, sweeping of holds, disposal of cargo residues, washing, exceptional cleaning, clearing blocked bilge suctions, drying, preparation of bilges and testing of fittings, hold inspections, time required for hold preparation, final preparations, hold coatings, ballast holds Chapter 6 ENSURING SYSTEMS ARE OPERATIONAL Ventilation, airpipes, hold bilges, water ingress detectors, soundings, hold temperature systems, deck and hold lighting, list indication lights, fire smothering systems, hatch coarning drains, hatch fittings, deck machinery, derricks and cranes Chapter 7 BALLAST MANAGEMENT Basic pattern of ballast management, relevant regulations, ship's ballast layout, quantity of ballast required, ballasting whilst discharging, ballast management on passage, sequential and flow-through ballast changing, restrictions on deballasting, deballasting, achieving good results, maintenance of ballast tanks, removal of sediment and scale, patching of leaks, maintenance of coatings in tanks, inspections, closing of tanks Chapter 8 STRENGTH, STABILITY, DRAUGHT AND TI3.M 101 Seakeeping strength, tanktop, upper deck and hatch cover loading, block loading, position of cargo in hold, alternate hold loading, shear forces and bending moments, ship movement in a seaway, springing, stress monitoring, stability, free surface effect, angle of loll, flooding, sloshing, hogging and sagging7 Squat, effects of list and heel, change of trim due to change of density

BULK CARRIER PRACTICE iii Page Chapter 9 PLANNING THE LOADING 109 Orders for loading, general approach, maximum lift, limiting point in voyage, factors which govern the distribution of cargo, the loading/deballasting plan, two berth and two port loading and discharge, block loading, two and multi- - loader operations, the trimming pours, loading the optimum amount of cargo, the unloading/ballasting plan, when cargo cannot be carried safety Chapter 10 LOADING CALCULATIONS' Loading instruments, the use of loading manuals, their deficiencies and contents, , stability and longitudinal strength calculations, choice of methods, practical considerations, grain stability, timber stability Chapter l l LOADING OR DISCHARGING BERTH Final authority for decisions, need for exchange of information, maximum safe draught, tidal range and sailing draught, air draught, cargo handling equipment and rate, positions of structures on quay, mooring requirements, systems of fendering, systems of access, restrictions on deballasting, ship/shore safety checklist, items requested by Master, communication with berth operators, on the belt, hours of work, effects of weather, methods of trimming, pollution avoidance, methods of loading, methods of discharging, ship's information for the berth operator including typical mooring arrangements, the implementation of the BLU Code, methods of information exchange, storing and handling of cargoes ashore, offshore transshipment Chapter 12 LOADING PERIOD Importance of the loading period, arrival in berth, preloading surveys, acceptability of offered cargo, duties of ship's officers, loading/deballasting programme, monitoring loading and deballasting, supervision of work of the crew, liaison with loading staff, damage to ship or cargo, maintenance of full records, chief mate's role as troubleshooter, Master's role, shifting ship by warping, safe procedures for working cargo Chapter 13 ESTABLISHING QUANTITY OF CARGO LOADED OR DISCHARGED Methods of weighing bulk cargoes ashore, draught survey procedures, reasons for unexpected results Chapter 14 CARGO DOCUMENTS Hold inspection certificares, mate's receipts, bills of lading and authorisations to sign them, phytosanitary certificates, certificates of compliance, UN approval, origin, declarations by shipper, certificates of transportable moisture limit, moisture content, Master's response sheet, lashing, readiness to load, fitness to proceed to sea, loading, fumigation, weight and quality, stowage plans, cargo manifests, dangerous cargo manifests, material safety data sheets, hatch sealing certificates, statements of fact, letters of protest, empty hold certificates, trimming certificates, certificates of loading/discharging and stevedores' time sheets, clean ballast discharge permits, paint compliance certificates, certificates of IMO classification, IMSBC Code fitness certificates, certificates of compliance for bulk and dangerous bulk cargoes, hatch closing certificates and no damage certificates Chapter 15 LOADED VOYAGE Departure from the loading port, trim for the loaded voyage choice of route, cargo ventilation, soundings, action to take when flooding is detected, acidity of bilges, cargo temperatures, sampling of air in holds, checking and tightening of cargo lashings daily, inspections in fair and rough weather, conduct of the voyage in rough weather, reporting, arriving at the discharging port Chapter 16 THE DISCHARGING PERIOD Shipboard organisation during discharge, routine procedures, on first arrival, liaison with the terminal representative, the discharging/ballasting programme, ballasting, discharge by continuous unloading, grab, Cavaletto, vacuvator or ship's gear, care for cargo, the finding, recording and repair of stevedores' damage, crew work

iv THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE Page THE BALLAST VOYAGE 211 Chapter l7 departure from the discharging port, choice of route, routine Genera' of the voyage in rough weather, reporting, before arrival at the tasks, cO"fs"'partial deballasting before berthing loading p S SPECIAL TWES OF BULK CARRIERS 215 Chapter lal~haracteristics of double skinned bulk carriers, self unloaders, mini- O~~~~~~~~~stproduct carriers, log carriers, retractable tweendeck vessels, open bulker', fo with shipboard gantry cranes and combination hatch vessels CARRIAGE OF COMMON AND TYPICAL 245 Chapter l9 BULK CARGOES iron ore, steel, steel coils, forest products, cement Grain, Coal7 UNUSUAL CARGOES AND SPECIALuTRADES Chapter 'Oseparations, taking the ground in the berth, general and breakbulk 273 cargoading to cold regions cargoes, tr SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS responsibility for safety, abandoning ship when flooding occurs, 287 The ISM work system, entering enclosed spaces, use of pesticides, access to the permit to rd~from working cargo, use of safety equipment and clothing, unsafe ship, ha@ cargoes 22 INSTRUMENTS AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT 299 Chaptereric test equipment, hydrometers, sea water sampling equipment, AtmOsph mucking winches, mobile cranes, cherrypickers, scaffolding, ~~y~~~~~~~~~~~portable sump pumps, high pressure washing machines, spray paint spray hold inspection systems, big area descalers, sand blasting foammachines, sys needle guns, pneumatic grease guns, portable fans, power tools

MAINTENANCE 31 1 Chapter '5ntenance systems, the planning of maintenance, management of 'lanned E, ,greasing and oiling, painting, maintenance of derricks, cranes and 'pare par >S fixtures and fittings grabs, shlP REPAIRS AND DRYDOCKTNG' 325 Chapter %amage and defects, Enhanced Survey Programme, drydocking Repair of 25 SHIP'S HOUSEKEEPING 333 Chapter of wastes, the housekeeping problem, excluding dust, dealing with dirt, Disposal keeping %+'ater Out 26 BULK CARRIER CASUALTIES 341 Chapter in the 1980s and 1990s, factors contributing to bulk camer casualties, Casualties the path to safer shipping, improvements introduced, prevention of casualties, casualty prevention by ships' personnel and shipowners, detection of damage, casualties since 1993, conclusion ~ppendic~~ 349 List of Somces 497 Index 503

Notes OD numbering of iUustrations and appendices book starts with thenpages of drawings (Drawings 1.1 - 1.11) of bulk carrier types. Thereajer aa illUStajions are to be found in appropriate chapters, numbered consecutive& - egFig 1.5 denotes ligure 5 Chaptfll and will be found in the main text of the book. Appendix 10.1 denotes the$rst appendix to Chaptm 10 and will be found- in the collection of appendices at the back ofthe book. BULK CARRIER PRACTICE v INDEX

Abandoning ship when flooding occurs 287 controls, central~sed nature of the bottom 278 Abbrewatlons 126 ducts operators 150 Accelerauons 103 holds operators may requlre to know 151 Access 150 holds, preparing for load~ng Berkng common problems 295 IMO Guidel~nes angle 145 hatch 9 in a cold climate parual deballasting before 213 means of 14 1x1 freenng cond~hons without the assistance of tugs 145 must be tended 159 in soundrng plpes, exchanged Big area descalers 307 no means promded 295 layout, ship's Bllge (S) 258 prowded by terminal 293 Log alarms, h~ghlevel 68,75, 340 regulauons, always observed 295 Management burlapping of 69 rules for safe 295 management on passage eductors 59 system of 146 management, regulauons governing non-return valves 68,75 to the ship 291-296 management, the bas~cpattern preparauon of 67 Acc~dents,demls of 24 not allowed to overflow pumplng system, non-return valves 323 Accommodauon 12 pensslon, to dscharge smpplng system 220 pipelines m freenng conditions 285 sucuon system 59 pump controls ladder, at an anchorage 296 sucuons, blocked 67 ladders 146,150,159,163,291 pumping arrangements SUC~O~S,tested 213 Accuracy of the measurements 168 Pumps i sucuons, tesung of 68 Adverse weather 102,187 pumps, prevenhng, mpping tested for pH 254 meehng 213 quanhty requued water 334 ship slowed by 196 resldues water discharged, record 258 Admce and recommendatlons for entenng restnctlons water pumped out 23 enclosed spaces 289 restnchons on, discharge water, teshng for acid~ty 194 Mreightment, contract of 15 retaned by mistake Afterpeak 217 sequenhal and flow-through methods wells 12,75,168 A,plhas current 188 of changng B111 of lading hr smpping system accomphshed 179 changes 192 smppings authorisahon to sign 176 hoses 302 system, remote controls date 178 motors 80 systems delivery of cargo m return for 179 polluhon from sh~ps 336 tanks, closing of figure, discrepancy 177 Sounding and Fill~ngPipe plan 86 tanks, double-bottom incorrect 179 hrdraft 142, 149, 157 tanks, entenng negouable and non-negohable copies I79 in the berth 92 tanks, lnspechons of non-negohable l77 large 203 tanks, pressed up proper delivery of cargo against 180 hrless pmtsprayers 303 tanks, punctured retained on board 179 wipes 12,74 tanks, removal of scale s~gningthe . l77 Altenng course or speed 197 tanks, saddle or upper hopper split 180 Alternate to l~stthe ship signing of 19 hold loading 102 VOFse BIMCO 288,298 Hold Loahng Condmon 102 voyage in rough weather Blasting machmes, sand 308 holds, left empty 257 voyage, choice of route Bl~ndsector of the honzon 229 or 'Jump' Loadmg 30 water for generator coohng Block Alum~na 336 Water Management Manual coeffic~ents 106 AMVER scheme 198 Water Management Plan loaded 217 Anchor pods 14,212 water, density of Loading 30,101,116,117 Anchors 187 water, tanks loading lirntu 113 secunng of 196 wh~ch1s dirty BLU Code Angle Ballashng implementahon 151 pnders 309 flexible, system of requlres other information 146 of loll 105 holds while in port The 25, 35, 37, 73, 89,92, 122, 141, Annual inspechon 324 operahons, resmcuons 146, 149, 151, 155,156, 201, precaunons AP (Amencan Petroleum) 270 202, 227, 343 rates Archlmedes' screw 149,203 BM d~agrams 131 venulators Amval at the berth 155,201 Board measure 267 whilst &schargng Aspirated psychrometer 301 Boom end must be marked 222 At-sea stress lim~ts 345 Bareboat charter Bowsed in 162 Atmosphere Barge (S) 149, Breakbulk cargo stowed over bulk cargo 277 shall be regularly mon~tored 252 BC Code, The cargoes 281 test equpment 299 Before arnval at the loadlng port Brereton scale 268 Attached dunnage 266 Bell Bndge note book 24 Australian Rules ladder 219 book Broken Austrahans 137 mouth Autop~lot,adapuve 197 scale down 281 Avoid the possibility of gas explosions 345 Belt, tonnage of cargo on the stowage 230,267,281 Backloadmg 226 Bendmg Brows 293 Bale capac~ty 32 moment curve Bucketwheel unloader 203 Ballast 24 moments Bugs 69 change, m~docean 217 moments, longtudnal Bulbous bow 7 changes 211,345 Berth Bulk cargoes changmg, md ocean 14 box coheszve 147 changng, sequenual & flow-through 91 bows overhangmg m contamers 14 changng, SOLAS requrements 85 essenhal informanon for the sh~pabout non-cohesive 147 compments, mzntenance of 97 helpful mformahon for the shlp storing and handling, ashore 151 condhon, ophmum minunum 89 loading or discharging which cause oxygen depletion 289

BULK CARRIER PRACTICE 503 INDEX

Bulk carrier(s) 1-14 faces overhanging 205 Cement double skinned 215-221 fail to provide a full 184 a problem cargo casualties, factors contributing to 342 falling 296 aerated , categories 2 gear documents, kept methodically 31$ cargo characteristics 4 gear system, neglected 318 cargo shift equipment improvements 343 gear, marking of items 317 coating removal Guidance on Loading and Discharaging 35 general and breakbulk 279-282 delivery, mechanical Guidelines for Repair of Hull Structure 35 handling equipment, ship's 150 LIl delivery, pneumatic 271 have foundered 258 handling gear 81 discharge 270 layout and equipment 6 handling gear, ships, maintenance of 316 hold cleaning 270 low powered 196 has been short-landed 184 hold preparation 269 open 4 holds 9 loading methods 270 operational improvements 343 hygroscopic 192 may be carried at 80 degrees F 270 self-unloading 221-226 in grab, electronic weighing of 167 on passage 270 inspection on arrival 202 structural improvements 343 ship, specialised, cargo control room 272 structure 329 inspections 250 ships, specialised 271-272 very large 2 is gravity-fed 222 Ships, specialised, discharging 271 Bulker lashings to check 195 Ships, specialised, loadings 271 in ballast condition 212 lashings, tightening of 24 The main ingredients 269 loaded, conditions of 196 liners of the twenty first c6ntury 233 Centres of gravity of full compartments 133 Bulkhead liquefaction 342 Certificate of correction 131 loaded, calculation of 173 compliance 185 corrugations 219 Loading Manual 29 fitness to proceed to sea 182 drain plugs 340 loading process 156 fumigation 182 Bull wires 230 loading the optimum amount 119 IMO classification 185 Bulldozer 147 loading, in a ballast hold 92 lashing 182 Bunker tanks, convenient 114 1% 24 Loading/Discharging 185 Bunkers 119 manifest 183 loading 182 taken 24 maximum amount, the ship can cany 110 readiness to load 182 transfer of 114 methods of delivering, to the vessel 147 weight and quality 182 transferring 114 offered, condition of 156 Chain Butt ended packages 268 on conveyor belt, electronic weighing 167 lashings 231 Butterworth on deck 27 locker, flooded 339 machines 307 on its own ground 183 register/cargo gear register 25 systems 65,66 overstow 183 tightener 267 Buttressed trunks 267 Part 180 Chalk test 46 Cable conduits 77 permitted 110 Change of Cactus ,pbs 321 plan 183 destination 180 Calculation position within the hold 102 trim with change of density 108 by computer or loadicator 133 residues and associated wastes 187, 211, Charterers 161 survey 25 333,334 Charterparties 15-22 longhand 133 residues, disposal of 61 Charterparty of grain stability, flow chart 135 safe delivery of 193 clauses, new 22 trim and stability, worked example 127 Securing Manual 31 dispute ' 16 mm, stability and stress 25 separations 206 surveys required 21 Calibration tables 172 shifting 147 terms 19 California Block Stow 260 shortages 206 CHECKLIST Canadian spilt on deck 202,339 Duties of the chief mate in the Coast Guard 137 surface, plastic sheeting spread over 56 discharaging port 210 Code 267 survey 201 Duties of the chief mate in the loading port 166 Capacity tables for tanks and holds 126 sweat 190,191,262 Duties of the officer of the watch in the Capesized temperatures 23,195 discharging port 210 bulk carriers 2,101,341 to Australia 66 Duties of the officer of the watch in the bulkers 162 tonnage by draft survey I73 loading port - 165 designs, standard 256 24 Items for attention before arrival at the vessel 301 torque 117 loading port 82 vessels, No. 1 hatch covers of 196 transfer line 272 Possible additional measures when a Capsize 105 tunnel, inspection 224 greater margin of safety is required 348 Capstans 80 unacceptable 156 Procedure for planning the loading 122 Carbon monoxide 221,250 ventilation 189-192 Procedures for changing a combination Carefully to Carry 249 visual inspection of 47 carrier from dry cargo to oil 242 Cargo (es) when rearranging 114 Procedures for changing a combination ashore 206 with excessively high moisture content 345 carrier from oil to dry Cargo 244 associated waste 334 work is delayed 184 Procedures for maintaining hatch covers book 25 work, before commencement 48 in efficient condition 57 cannot be carried safely when 121 work, interruption of 202 Reminders for drydocking 332 capacity 120 working, dust from 296 Reminders regarding ballast operations loo care 206 working, other safety precautions 297 Requirements for visit to freezing area 286 carried on deck 101 working, safety during 163 Routine procedures for the ballast voyage 214 claim 202 work-the discharging berth 149 Routine procedures for the loaded voyage lg9 146 clinging to the bulkheads 205 work-the loading berth 147 Shi~/ShoreA. Safeni control of the flow 224 Casualties Summary of measures for preventing .- 348- control room 339 bulk carrier 340-348 casualties 210 damage to 206 in the 1980s and 1990s 341 Tasks on arrival in the discharging berth 165 damaged or deficient 176 prevention of 344 Tasks on arrival in the loading berth 33 1 description and condition 178 since 1993 346 The repair of damage and defects ",,V 3" I disposition 112 Casualty prevention by ships' personnel and Chemical cleaning documents 24,175 shipowners 344 Cherrypickers 302,307,345 160 dust 211,297 Caterpillar Hoeram 208 Chief mate's role during loading establishing quantity 167-174 Catwalk over the cargo 267 Chocking, with lengths of sawn timber 260%281 excessive leakage 206 Cavalletto system 205 Clamshell (Valstar) grabs 321

504 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE INDEX

Classification Condition of Dangerous societies 342 Assignment, Record cargo manifest 183 Society, rules 115 of Particulars Relating to goods 186 Clausing 176 class solid bulk cargoes 30 Clean Constant Deadweight 121 ballast discharge permit 185 charterparty cargo 111 bill of lading 175 ship's 169: moment, maximum 127 Cleaning Consultation with Deballasting 92 chemicals 66 charterers achieving good 95 equipment 60 owners before berthing 92 exceptional 66 Consumption must be monitored 158 of coamings 158 Contact damage permission to commence 71 Cleating systems 48 Contamination precaution 96 Climatic data 188 Continuous problems, investigation 96 Close-up access 346 heavy rolling restrictions 146 inspections 342,345 unloading sequence 92 CO2 Conventional bulk carriers time required 150 bottle room 12,78 Conveyor belts will get out of step, danger 92 gas, injection 12 Cooling water, intakes blocked Decisions, final authority when vessel smothering systems 323 Corner pieces (corner caps) is berthed 141 Coal 250-256 Correction Deck cargo 187,228 at a temperature higher than 45°C 251 for hull deformation avoid unwanted through ventilation 256 for ship listed cargo ladders 267 before loading 251 of the draft readings cargo, resists forces 266 inspected daily 212 blend of 251 Corrosion lighting 323 cargo, before discharging 255 from cargoes line 174 cargo, when carrying 252 within ballast tanks log book 160 cargoes, detection of heating 255 within holds machinery 80 cargoes, temperatures of 252 Cover machinery in freezing conditions 283 drainage of moisture 256 folding machinery, controls for 284 full record of readings 252 lift-away piggy back machinery, hydraulic, motors for 284 heating, master's report 255 openings 345 high sulphur content 251 rolling single-pull stowage, logs 231 monitoring of gas in 252 work reports, monthly 312 part cargoes 256 stacking Crane (S) Declaration routine operational matters 255 by shipper 156, 181,298 self-heating, forecast or detected 255 design dockside by Shipper form 251 stowage factor 255 is essential 195 transportation, the hazards 250 drivers from ashore floating Defects ventilators 219 level luffing record of all 327 Coalstains 66 unrepaired 327 on pedestals Coaming Deflector plates ' 147 operation drain valves 255 Demise, charter 15 machinery as a feeder 245 Demurrage 184 maintenance Coatings, maintenance of 99 Density shipboard Cocooning 276 correction 171 twin Code of in air, apparent l70 Cream digging- Practice for the Safe Loading and measurement l70 Creaming Unloading of Bulk Carriers-see BLU Code Departure Crew Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage draft and mm 113 safety of & Securing from the loading port 187 29, 31, 35, 37, 101, work during discharge shear forces and bendiGg moments 113 182, 228,260,281 Crossdeck structure ship's stability 113 Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Cross-joint Derbyshire 14,101,196, 197 Timber Deck Cargoes Crude oil washing (COW) Demck(s) ' 80,150,206,284,316 See Timber Deck Cargo Code Custom cut packages maintenance 316 Safe Working Practices for Cyclone winches 81 Merchant Seamen 287 D (Deutsche) Description, vessel 17 Coil Damage Destination, change of 180 in the hold, positioning of 263 additional measures to avoid Dewpoint 191,192 strength 265 and defects, repair of Tables 263 Diamond assessment of 34 class 215 wedge with wooden wedges 265 by trimming Cold regions, trading to 282-286 53 class 215,333 claims 53s, good design features 221 Combigun, portable 219 detection of Digital photographs 208 Combination carriers 1, 3, 151, 238-244 discovery of Directional energy spread 196 as dry bulk carriers 239 from contact Dirt equipment 240 hold dealing with 338 miscellaneous matters 241 includes 'known defects' on deck 339 where fracture occur 242 master should report Discharge 203 Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers 265 prevention by ship's gear 206 Communications 226 records by vacuvator 206 Compacting 336 serious smctural completion of 202 Compression suffered by the ship shipboard organisation during 201 bar 44 superficial Discharging 345 bars, damaged 53 to hatch covers, danger of an oil cargo 239 Computers-see loading computers to the cargo ballasting plan 345 Conbulkers 4 to the ship ballasting programme 201,202 Concentrates 257 to the ship's shell structure period, the 201-210 Conclusions 348 when found port, arriving at 199

BULK CARRIER PRACTICE 505 INDEX

port, departure from 211 Empty hold cerbficate 184 Front end loaders 147,202,205 programme 116 Enclosed spaces, venulauon of 308 Frozen pipework, thawing 285 programme must be calculated 202 Engneers, kept fully ~nformed 279 Fuel programme should be simple 203 Engneroom 13 consumption monitoring service 188 rates 145,224,226 Enhanced Survey Programme (ESP) 208,328,342 suitably heated 114 sequence 116 Entenng enclosed spaces 288 tank, to press up 70 units 145 Equipment Full D~shwater 334 in good worhng order 73 deadweight of steel coils carried 217 Dispatch 184 lashlng 267 speed 215 Displacement 171 loading or dischargmg, detals of 142 Fumigant (S) 182,290 calculations, worked example 126 must be checked 313 wet 194 calculation of 170 Error, possible sources 173 Fumigation 24,182 in salt water 127 ESP Planning Document 328 each process to be logged 291 Disponent owner 16 ETA messages 198,213 in transit, report to discharge port 291 Disposal of wastes 333 European I-transit Dock water allowance 299 24,201,290 (CEN) standard 297 l-transit, permlsslon requlred 291 Dockside crane 149 Commun~ty 336 spaces under 291 Double Excess~velongtu&nal stresses, little evldence 342 to monitor 195 bottom arpipes 219 Explosimeter 299 wth aerauon bottom ballast tanks 9, 70, 86, 92 290 Explosion kdled both men ' 288 Fumigator-in-charge 290 side skin structure 344 Explosive mlxture 250 Fuses 70 shnned 1 Extractor hole 270 physical removal of 252 skinned bulk carriers 215-221 Extreme cold temperatures 285 Future bulk carners 14 shnned construction, pmcipal benefits 215 Eyebolts 230 Gangway or ladder 291 skinned design, hisadvantages of 215 Faugue cracks 197 Gan,gvays 146,150,159,163, 293 Draft(s) 24 Feeder correction due to trim 126 Gantry(1es) 316 hole 270 crane operanng procedures 236 effect of list or heel upon 108 ports 203,247 gauges, high soundmgs detected by 194 cranes, effect on mm 236 Fendemg 146 components 234 in berth, maximum safe 141 Fibre ropes 146 marks, inaccurate 174 controls 234 Filling ballast hold, scramble is avo~ded 217 mamtenance 236 maxlmum perm~tted 111 Fire 250 readmgs 169,201 safety devlces 234 exunpshers 323 stowage 236 readmgs, m11 show the tonnage loaded 158 smothenng systems 78 restncnons 111 Garbage 333 Fixtures and fitbngs, mantenance of 323 survey 118, 155, 160, 168-174,201 guidehnes 335 Flammable gases 250 survey hydrometer 300 Management Plan 335 Flat metal strapping bands 265 survey, condluons for the commencement 168 Record Book 335 Flexlng 103 surveyor 156 special areas for 335 Flood water sloshlng 346 surveys 125 Gas Flooding 105,196 surveys, informal 160 free test 182 action to take 194 Dmnage lmes, rouune tesung 79 aChOn to take when detected 213 channels and dram pipes, blocked 53 monitor 299 of holds 258 from cargo 193 sampling points ' 79 through hatchway damage 342 Drains, hatch coming 79 Gasket when detected 287 Dnving ships too hard 341 permanent setnng down of 51 Flow Drop 115 retaming bars, damaged 53 promoting addtive 269 valves 87 Geared bulk carners 3, 5, 81, 345 Drydock through method 217 Fluid GM 103 Gearless 346 before leaving 330 General repairs for bulk carriers 331 Food waste 334 Forecastle space, flooded 7 cargoes 279 wh~lein 330 cargoes, carnage of, baslc rules for 281 Drydocked, responsibility for safety 330 Forecastles mandatory fitung of 101 semce pump 86 Drydocking 329-332 traders 226 orders for 327 ships without msed 103 Forepeak 217 GM, minimum penssible 129 preparing for 329 Good mantenance is essenual 311 Duct keels 13,86,241 Forest product 265-269 Goosenecks 74 Dump valves 87,96,345 carriers 228-229 Grabbing cranes 318 Dumplng manholes 203,247 measurement 267 Grab (S) 147,149, 151,250,316 Dunnage Fork lift trucks in the holds, limits 265 capacity 321 bags, inflatable 269 Form correction 126,171 cause considerable damage 206 double 265 Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) damage to 322 for general cargo 281 of bulk carners 343 design 321 steel b~lletsas 265 Formauon of explosive gas 241 Durations of all surveys 24 Free &scharge 203 Dust 297 digging 203 electro-hydraulic 318,321 exclud~ng 336 surface effect 103,105,266 hand-released 321 explosions 297 surface moments 135 heel digging 205 Freeboard 174 intermediate digging 205 reducuon 149 206 Freedom Mark I1 vessels 232 leakage from East-west crossings 188 321 Echosounder 7 Freezing conditions, to minImlse problems 283 mantenance mantenance and mspecUOn 322 Eductor(s) 86,93,158,220 Freight backflash 59 Pad 178 remotely operated by radio 321 318 increases water m holding tanks 220 Prepad 178 remote radio control portable 59 payment of 178 rope-operated 318,321 Electric circmts, isolanon of 70 Fresh water 5, 24, 120 self-dumping 318,321 Elevator room 272 generators 120 ship's cargo 284 203 Emergency mse 65 slid down slope 258 cutout 82 rinsing 260,307 splllage from 203 de-~cingsystem 283 shortages 5 swung like pendulum fire pump 217 wash 305 used to smke the bulkheads 207

506 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE INDEX

Grain 245-250 prevention of damage 49 venhlators 189,323 capaclty 32 safety measures 48 washing 219 Code, Internauonal 2, 4, 28, 35, 37, 135, 137, sealing certificate 184 washing water 220,334 245,246,247 Hawse pipes, fractures, around 339 washings, retained aboard 219 condmon of 249 Hazardous wash, in port 65 discharge of 250 cargoes 32, 77,185,281,297 which can be ballasted in port 157 feeder ports 12 for bulk carriers 298 Homogeneous, loadmg 30 heaung 249 material 183 Hopper 149 heavler 246 Hazards from working cargo 296-297 tank sides 12 heeling moments 28, 137 Heaving Hoppus measurement 268 heehng moments, penssible, lines 146 Hose test 46 or allowable 137 to 197,213 Hours of work 147 hold preparation 248 Heavy Housekeeping problem 336 in topside tanks 247 ballast 217 Hove-to 195,197 leakage of water Into 249 ballast condinon 88,213 loadlng of 248 Hove-to wth the weather on the quarter 198 ballast draft 211 Hull res~duesfrom and bracket flanges 250 Items toppling 289 contact damage 344 shlfung moments 28 llfts 30 distoruon of 121 sdos 248 Helicopter landing hatch cover 187 stress monitoring 103 stabil~ty 135 High stress monitors 212 stab~litycalculahon flow chart 136 density cargoes, forbidden 110 survey report 342 stab~htycalculauon forms 246 density cargo 110 stress monitors, high sound~ngsdetected by 194 Stabil~tyManual 28 dens~tycargoes, errors must be avoided 257 stabihty, calculauon 28 vlolent worhng of the sh~p's 103 pressure transducers 103 Hum~&tyreahngs 159 two grades in the same hold 276 pressure washing machlnes 305 Hybnd Self-unloaders 225 unfit for shipment 249 wnds 206 Hydrauhc conunuous chain dnve 55 venulauon of 249 winds or fog 160 Hydrauhc systems 55,80 weighers, automatic bulk 167 Hzll Harmony case 188 Hydrogen 250 Gmtmng 90 Hoeram 270 Hydrometer(s) 170,299 ballast 93 Hog 119, 120 correcuon 170 Greasing 312,314 lashings 231 draft survey 170 Green seas 103 H~g@ng 106 Greywater 334 stresses, to reduce 114 for use m draft calculauons 300 loadl~ne 170 Groovlng 346 Hold(s) Hydrostatic tables 127 Ground space 273 and ballast tanks, mantenance of coatings 316 IACS E~ghtInitiahves for existing bulk camers 343 Groundmg 173 ballast 71 Ice Hague Rules 178 bilge wells accreuon 138 Hague Visby Rules 178 bilge wells, capacity damage, inspecung for 283 Handysized bulkers 2,161,277,348 bilges Handyrnax bulk camer 2,215,348 cleaning at high levels strengthening 228 Hatch(es) cleaning by crew in port Icing 282 closing cemficate 186 cleaning hazards IMDG Code 20,35,37, 183,185, 281,298,334 cleaung systems 53 cleaning sequence IMO 289,342,343 coaming dmns 53,79 cleaning, difficult IMO approved h;, detergents and coamings, horizontal loads on 196 cleaning, preparation for hold clean~ngchemicals 333 cover arrangements, survey of 46 cleaning, report of Improvements mtroduced, for bulk camers 343 cover falure 196 cleaning of, general considerations IMSBC Code fiiness ceruficate 185 cover inspecuons 23 cleanliness IMSBC Code, The 35,37,135,147,156,157, cover loahng 101 coatings 159, 181, 182, 183, 185, 190, 221, 245, cover secunng or lochng demces 80 containing timber, ventilation 249, 251,252, 254, 255,257, 258, 270,345 Covers 39-58, 215, 345 damage In lieu of weighing 180 covers ~nadequatelysecured 211 distribution plan Inadvertent overloachng 342 covers on combinauon camers 240 drying of Incidents 24 covers, entenng cold weather 284 fail the survey Incinerauon 336 covers, general descnpuon and design 43 has been overloaded Inert gas 239 covers, hydraulic systems 54 in freezing conditions Infestauon 248,249 covers, IMO guidehnes for 48 inspection certificate by rats 289 covers, loose water 250 inspection systems insect 69,289 covers, lubncauon 49 inspections prevenuon of 289 covers, manufacturer's literature for 48 inspections in rough weather treament of 290 covers, must be secured 164,297 is ready to be secured Informauon covers, panung of 50 must be cleaned for berth operators 151 covers, procedures for mmtaming 47 must be made ready for master 151 covers, some defects found 51 painting need for exchange 141 covers, spare parts for 51 partly ballasted in port Insects 69 covers, steel, development of 39 preparation, mini-bulkers Inspecung bulk camers, admce 346 covers, vlsual inspecuon of the 47 preparation, time required Inspection(s) 195,345 covers, washmg of 60 preparation of dunng rough weather 195 covers, waterughtness of 213 reinspected in good weather 195 covers, wear and corrosion 49 sea water in a of hatch covers 227 dram channels 158 sampling of air in Parry 195 emergency openlng and closing of 55 severely corroded Instruments 299-301 fitungs 79 sharing of the cargo between Intact stabhty requirements, IMO's 27 mspecuon cemficate 175 sweeping of Intercargo 346 leakage-first admeasures 56 sweeping of, in freezing conditions Internauonal motors m exposed posluons 55 system for removal of water Assoc~auonof Classrficanon openmg 155 temperamre systems Socieues (IACS) 117,341,344 opemng chms and wres 80 thorough inspection of Code for the Safe Carnage of Gran opemng motors 80 topping off m Bulk-see Grain Code, Intonational openmgs 4 unintended overloading loadl~neceruficate 106 panel, posiuon must be planned 233 ventilation Loadline Convenhon 103

BULK CARRIER PRACTICE 507 JDEX

Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, a self-unloader 222 packaged 266 an oil cargo 239 The-see lMDG Code Lump ore 257 Maritime Organization (IMO), The 289,342, berth, arrival in 213 Machinery 343 berth, sequence of tasks when deck 80 a vessel arrives 155 Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code, The spaces 12 berths, time allowance 145 see lMDG Code spaces in freezing conditions 284 Navigating Limits 282 block 101 Main engine governor 212 Safety Management (ISM) Code-see ISM Code calculations 122-140 Maintenance 31 1-324 Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code- commencement of 160 basic rules 324 see ISPS Code computer breaks down 125 planning of 312 )n ore(s) 256-258 computer, evidence of approval 123 priorities 312 are self draining 258 computers 123 when overdue 311 cargoes, loaded voyage 258 computers, care of 125 Manager 175 discharging 258 computers, preserving and updatingdata 123 Manhole covers, resealing 70 tines 257 condition, worked example 27 Manholes 9 hold preparations 257 deballasting plan 114116 Manifest, dangerous cargo 183 loading and trimming 25 7 deballasting plan, to agree 145 Manual on Loading and Unloading of Solid ~xidise 258 deballasting programme 150,156 Bulk Cargoes for Terminal Representatives 35 preplanning the loading 257 equipment required for planning 123 Marine Environment Protection Committee ROM 257 excessive, tanktop or hold 114 (MEPC) 336 tanktop must not be overstressed 258 foreman, liaison with 158 Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) 343 vl Code 49, 133, 232, 287, 311, instrument, using 125 MARPOL regulations 37, 61, 240, 244, 307, 316,323,330,343 interruption in 160 333,334,336,339 'S Code 201,295,312,339 logs in the holds 230 Massive tonnages of cargo, poured np (alternate hold) manuals 125,135 at high speed 341 .oading 102,257,345 manuals, contents of 126 Master to receive maximum information 175 .oading, disadvantages 257 manuals, deficiencies 126 Master's oading, the benefits 257 must be stopped 92,159 response sheet 182 msarmax 2 or discharge, two-port, or two-berth 121 responsibilities 20 ;, maximum permissible 129 orders for 109 role 161 n-dried lumber, pulp or plywood on deck 268 period 155-166 Masters hesitate to forbid hammering 208 dders 293 Plan 114 Masthouses 9 iluminium extending 307 plan, departure from 160 Mate's receipt 176 %ustralian 9 planning the 109-122 Material Safety Data Sheets 183 ightweight aluminium 346 ports, cement/grain 79 Maximum iertical 9 programme, trimming pours in the 118 loading rate 345 rge programs, computerised 118 Mass Tables 263 ;tern trim 173 rate 157 Mean of mean draft 171 rim by the stem 114 rate, maximum theoretical 145 Measurement tons 268 rger bulk carriers, features 13 rates when starting an empty hold 345 Mechanical Equipment 299,301-310 shings 195,267,281 restrictions and limitations 30 Medical First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents or timber deck cargoes 228 rotation 115,150 Involving Dangerous Goods (MFAG) 291 {day statement 25 sequence 115,150,222 103 ?er correction 126,171 shoe 147 Metal scrap in bulk . 31 itime statement 184 stop the 160 Methane 221, 250 &age stop, in an emergency 147 concentrations 254 ~allastline 96 system, sealed pneumatic 270 forecast or detected 255 kom ballast tanks 69 two-port or two-grade 116 Mid ocean, ballast, changed 91 nto holds 194,340 Unloading Plan 150, 343 Midship Section 32 I side 195 when the ship is too long for the berth 116 Minerals from South Africa 275 *er of protest 159,176,184 with ship's gear 159 Mini-bulker(s) 3, 161, 226-228, 277 :ten Load Lines Convention 1966 41, 138 before 1998 226 )f credit 175 Loadline berths 226 )f indemnity 159,179,275 hydrometer 299 cargoes 226 elines 195 Rules, limits 111 discharging 227 erafts 323 Loadport, general considerations geared, annual work plan 312 esaving equipment in freezing conditions 285 at time of sailing 179 loading 227 ting gear 25 Local overloading 344 loading calculations 226 ;ht Log loaded voyage 227 ~allast 217 book 249 maintenance programmes 227 )allast condition 88 books 23-26 means of access 228 )allast draft 211 carrier casualties 230 Minimum stability criteria 103, 127 ;hip Correction Certificate l71 carriers 229-232 Mistake in the tonnage loaded 158 ptening 180 marking paint 267 Mobile cranes 302 %ting 77 Logs 265,268 Moisture )ermanent 215 conventional round 267 content 159 )ortable 77 preparations for loading 230 content, certificate of 181 newash, removal 70 Loll, angle of 105 excessive 157 newashiig 70,307 Longitudinal in cargo spaces, sources of 190 nit switches 81 strength 129 limit, transportable 251 lits on the number of tiers 265 strength calculations 129 Moored with shore lines on shore winches 145 t indication lights 77 strength, simplified calculation 129 Mooring(s) ting of the ship 157 stresses, manual calculation 133 arrangements for bulk carriers, typical 143 id on top 239 stresses, nature of 129 hoat- .... 146 rded stresses, to reduce 114 configurations, unusual o even keel 114 Loss of power 198 gang 'oyage 187-200 Lowdensity cargoes 110 layouts, recommended ,oyage, conduct in rough weather 196-198 Lubrication, rules must be observed 314 lines rdicators 123 Lumber 265 lines, ship's iding(s) cargo, preslinging 266 must be tended cargo whilst aground 278 carried on deck 105,266 mixed

8 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE INDEX

requirements system, correct 314 Port ropes, securing systems, different marine 315 captain 233 ropes, synthetic Painting 312,314 log 160,184 the normal rules Paintmark the holds prominently 206 rotation, change of 121 winches Paintwork State inspectors 311 wire reinforcing 315 normal practice in 161 Movement renewing 316 ordered to leave 147 book bulkers 2,102, 162,277,301 Portable in a seaway Panting 197 fans 308 Mucking winches Part-filled compartments gas detectors 240 Mud, removal, by shovel and bucket longitudinal CGs of 135 sump pumps 304 Multi-gas monitor vertical CGs of 133 Position reports 213 Multi-loader operations Pass 115 Positive stability, substantial 211 Multi-purpose ships Patch load 264 Pounding 212 Mushroom cowl Patent cable stocking 81 Pour(s) 114,115 Nautical Institute Pear links 267 trimming 117 Seaways Pebble plate 260 Power tools 309 The Nautical Institute Pelican hook 267 Powered reels, self-tensioning 150 The, guideline Percentage error can be calculated 160 Pre-arrival notice 195 Navigating bridge Period of roll 232 Precautions, to prevent generation of gas 239 in freezing conditions Periodical survey, conduct of 317 Preloading view ahead Permanent survey certificate 175 Navigational information hold lighting 217 surveys 155 Necking washing installations 66 Preparations for ballasting 89 Needle Permit(s) to work (PTW) 288 Prevailing currents, winds and swell 188 Negative stability badly written 288 Primary Nemag scissor gabs Personal Protective Equipment 163,262 barrier 342 No damage certificate Personnel 285 hull structure, repairs to 325 Notice of readiness Pesticides, safe use of 289-291 Procedures and Arrangements Manual 240 Number of loading passes Petrograd standard 268 Project cargoes 30,281 OBOs pH readings 23 Propeller racing 212 Oflhire Photographs 209 Protest, subject of 156 Office, cargo and general digital 206 Protests 24 Officer of the watch Phytosanitary certificate 180 Psychrometers 301 duties Pig iron from Brazil 273 battery powered 301 routine duties for Pilot ladders, coated with ice 282 PTW board 288 Offshore transshipment Pilotage 226 Pump Oil, leakage from hydraulic systems Pipe ducts 217 gauges 158 Oiling Pipe tunnels 231 out unnecessary water 213 Oily wastes Plan 33 Pumping ballast 92 On-hire survey Air, Sounding & Filling Pipes 34 Quantity loaded in dispute 177 Open Capacity 32 Quay bulk carriers Cargo Washing and Drainage System 32 hedstructures near the edge 145 hatch layout Docking 32 positions of structures on 145 hatch vessels Fire and Safety 34 Rail wagons 149, 151,154 hatches at sea, rule never to Fire protection 34 Railcar dumper systems 154 Operating and Equipment Manual Fuel Oil Service System 34 Rain or snow 206 Operation of the gates General Arrangement 32 Raised forecastle 6 Operations Manuals General Arrangement of Hatch Covers 34 Receipt only 175 Ore Life-Saving Equipment 33 Reception facilities 333,335 /bulk/oil camers: (OBOs) Mooring Arrangement 33 Reclaimer 151 cargo, benefits of trimming Natural Ventilation 33 Recommendations for preventing damage, carriers Sealing Plan of Hatch Covers 34 Nautical Institute * 344 /oil carriers: (0/0carriers) Shell Expansion 33 Records Origin, certificate of Tank 32 which should be maintained 23 Overboard drain valves Planned maintenance full, maintenance 21 Overflow records, maintaining 311 maintenance of full written 160 Oil or ballast system should be examined critically 311 Reduced port time 221 Overload cutouts system, restarting 311 Reference books required 35 Overloaded mcks, spillage from systems 311,323 Refloating Ovemde keys Planning a vessel after grounding 88 Overshoes for general cargo 281 and departure, final 279 Owner's supercargo general approach to 110 Regzna Oldendorffwith grain 247 Owners the task 313 Relative density 170,299 Oxygen Plans or drawings, ship's 31 Repair(s) 325-329 analyser Plastics 334 arranging for 327 lack of Plate Fields 263 documents 326 monitor Plywood 265,269 list 330 P&I Club Pneumatic permanent 208 owner's grease 308 specification, completion of 327,329 should be informed hammers, to vibrate the structure 207 supervision of 328 surveyor hoses 203 temporary 208,327 Packaged lumber loading systems, unsealed 270 Report positions daily 198,213 timber on deck spanners 309 Reporting 198,213 Padeyes Pollution 147 Requirements, estimates, must be realistic 313 Paint avoidance 159 Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) 297 applying risk 339 Retractable tweendeck vessels 232-233 coating, touching-up Polypropylene rope 267 Riding squads 328 compliance certificate Poop deck 12,13 Risk assessment process 287,297 sprayers Ports visited, 100 226 Road trucks 149,151,154 surface preparation Port visits, a year, 200 221 Roll test 232

BULK UERPRACTICE 509 Rolling, synchronous 198 ship by warping 161 false Rope, long scopes are hazardous 163 Ship final Ropeway transportation system 151 and shiploader, contact between 157 from a gauge Route care for 206 in 'empty' tanks, high choice for the loaded voyage 187 essential information, for the berth interpretation of high to avoid troubles 187 operators 149 pipe, blocked RPE for use in spray painting 297 handling 226 pipe, not blocked Run 115 inspections 342 pipes Running before the swell 197 loaders 145 pipes, bilge SaFe loaders, mechanical 147 pipes, flushing of moving violently 197 access 201 pipes, frozen 283 depth below the keel 141 routeing services . 188,212 remote reading systems for 76 Loading and Unloading of Bulk Cargoes /Shore Safety Checklist 146,201,202,208,343 Sources of ignition, not permitted 252 (BLU Code), The Code of Practice for 35 to blame for this damage 206 SOx Emission Control Areas (SE*) 336 working load 322 too large for the berth 161 Space Safer shipping, the path to 342 Ship's enclosed, unventilated 288 Safety classification society 208 for cargo is diminished 232 considerations 282, 287-298 constant 169,172,173,224,227 remaining 161 equipment and clothing 297 constant, calculation of l71 Spare parts equipment certificate, routine testing for 79 constant, record of values " 171 caring for 313 Management Certiiicate 323 cranes 206 management of 313 management system (SMS) 133,163,287 design loads 30 ordering 313 Management System (SMS) audits 311 displacement 168 reconditioning 314 on deck in freezing conditions 285 extreme dimensions 149 Special areas 333 Sag 114,119,120 figure 173 requirements for particular cargoes 161 allowance 111 prbage management plan 333 Specialised tement ship, hold cleaning 272 will probably be reduced 119 gear-two gantries 233 Specific ,mvity 170,299 Sagging 106 housekeeping 333-340 Speed Sailing draft 142 light weight 172,173 in adverse weather 345 Salt, cargo 70 office 339 reduction of 25 per cent 197 Sand blasting machines 308 oil record book 333 Speedlashing 228 Saveds 75 safety and efficiency 209 Spillage should be landed 335 Scaffolding 303 sweat 190,191,192,262,269 Spinning head 147 towers 307 Shipboard ,mq cranes 233 Splashback 65 Scaling 312 Shipmaster, performance of his ship 22 Spray foam equipment 66 Scheduled services 233 Shipper's Declaration 156,181 Spray foam systems 307 Scupper plugs 159 Ships which arrive partly loaded 151 Springing 103,345 Sea water sampling equipment 300 Ships' Spurling pipes 339 Sealing ,mbs are clamshell 321 Squat 106 of holds 24 one- and two-hold 226 estimation chart 107 tape, high adhesive plastic 56 principal particulars 126 Stability 103 Seaway, ship movement in 102 Shorebased methods of weighing 167 a brief explanation 27 Secondary barrier 342 Short cycling l92 abbreviations 123 Securing Shot 115 and smess calculations-options 133 for sea 48,161 Side-to 145 'Booklet' 26 of general cargo 281 Signing of documents 175 booklet, approved 125 Security plan, ship's 339 Silicon grease test 46 calculation-practical considerations 133 # Sediment Silos 147,149,154 calculation, simplified 137 ii in ballast tanks 227 Simple information 345 ;l remover 98 device, to find the actual water level 169 Information Manual 26 / 1 removal 97 rule, always double check 344 insufiicient positive 105, 114 Self trimming 245 Single skinned 1 information, simplified 127 11 Self-unloader(s) 3, 221-226 Single-pull covers, connecting chains 54 manual 103 l ballast voyage 225 Slaked lime 255 tables, extrapolation * 27 i belt system 224 Slamming 212 when loading a cargo of logs 231 i capital cost 221 Slop tanks 240 when loading or discharging grain 246 cargoes 225 Sloshing 106,346 Stable ship 103 discharging 222 of ballast water 345 Stacker 151 loaded voyage 222 structural damage f?om 106 reclaimer, combination 154 1 maintenance 225 Smoke detecting system 78 Stanchions, vertical steel 228 Self-unloading bulk carriers, gravity fed 251 routine testing 79 Star lstind 233 Senhouse slip 228 Smoking 297 Statement of Facts 24,184 Separation (S) prohibited 252 Statical stability curve 103 bulk cargo 273-277 restrictions 241 worked example of construction and use by hold 276 Smothering system, fire 78 Steel 258-263 fences 275 Snatch blocks 230 cargoes 345 1 Japanese 277 Snow or ice 339 cargoes, clausing of Bs/L 261 material 183 Sockets, for stanchions 228 cargoes, discharge 262 Sequential method 103 Sodium lauryl sulphate 70 cargo documents 261 Serious situation 23 SOLAS cargoes, hold cleaning after the discharge 263 Severe weather 23 Chapter XI1 343 cargoes, removal of lashings 262 Sewage 333 Convention 1,27,35,37,85,99,110,113, cargoes, rusting 259 SF and BM, maximum permitted values 131 115, 138, 145, 155, 156, 181, 202, cargoes, securing 260 SF, diagram 131 226,252,256,257,259,343,344 coil loadings, permissible 263 263 Shear force curve 131 rules on damage stability, 1998 226 coil, loading per dunnage Shear forces 102 authority of, to suspend loading 145 coils 30, 187,263265 and bending moments, methods, Sounding(s) 23, 75, 192-194, 196, 212, 279, 340 coils are often 25 tonne and 1.2m in len,@ 263 31 for the calculation 129 accurate stem trim is essential 92 coils, carriage of longitudinal 129 bilge 346 coils, dunnage beneath 264 Shiing complete set 169 coils, lashed with wire ropes 265 moments 137 direct, manual 158 coils of several different sizes 263

510 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE INDEX

debris in the cargo 222 Sweat Torsional stresses 197 finished products 258 cargo 190,191,262 Trade sanctions, certificate of compliance handling damage 259 ship's 190,191, 192,262,269 with exemptions 181 hold preparation 260 Sweepings 61,339 Transhipment 180 if fork-lift trucks are to be used 260 Swell Transportable moisture limits, certificate of 181 lashings 261 can be seen on the radar 197 Triangle, solid equilateral 110 loaded voyage 261 beam-on to a steep 103 Trim loading and stowage 260 on the quarter 197 by the head 1.14, 187 preshipment survey 260 Systems are operational, ensuing 73-84 by the head, to reduce 114 products, cold rolled 259 Taint by smell 66 by the stem, increase 114 products, damage 258 Take the ground 226 cargo reasonably level 345 products, hot rolled 259 Taking correction by ship's tables l71 products, planning the loading 259 the bottom, stability and trim 278 excessive 173 products, records to be maintained 262 the ground in the berth 277-279 for the loaded voyage 187 products, ventilation 262 Tallyclerk's office 12 Trimmed ends 246 Steel-tosteel contact 44,51 Tallying of number of grabloads 167 Trimmers 205 Stepped down 281 Talik Trimming 205 Stevedore damage 16 calibration tables 31,135 certificate 185 final inspection for 208 gauges 3 86 during discharge 147 finding 208 hold washing water 217 grabs 321 Tanks, suspected 209 hatches 14 ballast, patching of leaks 98 third class of 209 in marginal conditions 119 hosing of 97 Stevedores' methods of 147 topside and peak 92 117-119, 161 damage 202,206,344 PO- Tanktop 9 pours, implementation of the 118 damage form 185,161 area 273 to provide a level stow 161 damage report 209 loadings 259 Tropical storm 115 damage, final inspection for 208 loadings, maximum permissible 101 Trough, turning through the 213 time sheet 185 loadings are not excessive 113 Truck bundled packages 268 StX 196 TD15s 232 Turn around room 271 ship 103 Telnes, ship's particulars 222 Turnbuckles 228,231,267 Stockpile, in the open 159 Temporary repair made 209 Turning through the trough 198 Stockpiles 149,151 Tender 196 TV, closed circuit 195 Stool spaces 13 ship 103 Tweendecks, in two alternative modes 232 Stop, reason for the 161 Terminal Twisting Stoppages 24 operators 141 of the hull girder 203 Stores representative, liaison with 202 of the ship 117 cranes 13 Test the alarm, routinely 227 Two parcels, in the same hold 206 management programmes 314 Testing of any systems 24 Type Approval Certificate 123 paint and gas bottle 12 The Nautical Institute 114,287,345 Ullage (S) 161 Stow of logs 230 The Nautical Institute's Bulk Carrier tank and bilge 75 Stowage Working Group 344 Ultrasonic test 46,260 factors 111, 161,267,268 Thermometers 76 UN approval certificate 181 of general cargo 281 Thickness measurements, record of 342 UN code for draft surveys l70 plan 150,183 Three categories, damage 325 Under deck passageways 267 Strapping bands, flat metal 265,281 Three-degree rule 192 Unified requirements 342 Strength, seakeeping 101 Threshold limit value (TLV) 291 Uniform Hold Loading Condition 102 Strengthened to load dense cargoes 217 Tidal range 142 United Stress Tighten dogs regularly 339 Nations draft survey code 168 concentrations 197 Timber States 336 highest levels of 103 and lumber, loadings procedures 266 States' National Cargo Bureau 137 limits, not exceeded 202 Deck Cargo Code, The 27,31,35,37,231 Unloaders Stresses deck cargoes 228 continuous mechanical 149 excessive local 101 loading, planning of 138 grab 149 longitudinal and slamming 103 lumber and logs, volume of 267 pneumatic suction 149 Stnker plate 68 sawn 265 suction 149 Striking stability 138 Unloading/ballasting plan 121 plate 86 stability calculation flow chart 136 Unsafe cargoes 298 the steelwork causes long-term damage 208 stability criteria not satisfied 139 Unstable stanchions 228 Stripping 158 condition 105 trade unit sizes 267 ballast 93 ship 103 Time final 161 Untrimmed charterered and sub chartered 176 end capacities 246 line 86 charters 15 heeling moments 246 PUP 86,158 when each pour will finish 158 Upper deck 9 Strippings 88 Tippler system 154 Upsetting moments 137 Structural elements, naming of 329 Tonnage Vacuvators 149, 206,250 Structure, monitoring of 329 distribution 112 Vapour phase inhibitor (WI) tablets 240 Strum box 75 distribution, guidelines for amending 114 Ventilating bulk cargoes, reasons for 190 Sub-chartering 16 distribution, reasons to amend 114 Ventilation 23,215,249,266 Suction unloader 250 maximum 113 enforced shut-down 254 Sulphur 70 of steel coils which can be carried 263 for a cargo under fumigation 291 Sulphuric acid 251 of water discharged 194 forced draught 190 Sump Pump 220 on the belt 147 general guidelines 192 portable 304 Tonnages delivered, monitoring of 160 mechanical 189 Superficial moisture 256 Topside must eliminate sweating 270 Supramax 2 ballast tanks 87 natural 190 Survey tanks 12 negative 251 delivery and redelivery 21 tanks for carriage of grain 88 negative pressure 221 record 24 tanks, integrated ss positive 251 SW monsoon 188 Torsional loads 203 positive pressure 221

BULK CARRIER PRACTICE 511 practice machines in combination carriers 240 forecasts shall be stopped for standard period machines, heavy-duty futed 305 effects of through machines, heavy-duty portable 305 exceptional :ntilator(s) machines, lightweight high-pressure 307 must be observed cowls, portable of holds at sea 66 observations fans the ship 212 routeing services means of closing within port limits 66 working cargo in adverse mushroom Wastage, monitoring of 329 Weathertightness portable Waste(s) Weighbridge surface disposal of 333 weighing of trucks on :rtical screw conveyors materials, containers 13 Weight (S) :ssel putting ashore 336 and quality, certificate of aground putting overboard at sea 335 and quantity unknown kept upright reception facilities 14 guidelines, when redistributing required to shift Water keep to a minimum :ssel's lightweight absorption 138 miscellaneous brate the ship's steelwork ballast, carried symmetrically 203 of logs .ew from the navigating bridge can be retained 220 on board sibility ahead cannon 64 Whilst deballasting, importance of LBCs density L? 170 methodical approach Ilume cargo guns installed 65 Whipping ~lumetricheeling moments in holds 340 Whirling psychrometer 'yage in masthouses, deck stores and Whitewash charters accommodation 340 Wiggle wires estimate in the forecastle space 339 W~nches instructions Ingress Detection Systems (WIDS) 194, 287 Windlasses interruptions ingress detectors 7, 12, 75, 193, hauling power of limiting point 217,340,346 Wing ballast tanks orders, charterers' keeping out 339 Wire ropes orders, owners' on the hatch covers 202 condition of records removed, tonnage of 194 with fibre tail with logs on deck sampling 170 Without prejudice 'alkwap temporary washing, when changing to dry cargo 239 Woodchips 'alkways, underdeck Watertight doors 339 Woodpulp 'arp the ship Watemghmess 41 Work hrping of the hatch covers, testing 46 of crew members from one berth to the next Wave hours of general remarks excited hull vibration 103 programme, planning in advance within the berth height, significant 196 started, times 'ashing period, mean 196 World seaborne trade holds Weakness in ship design detail 342 Worst condition machine, high-pressure Weather Wrapped packages

12 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE