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Bulk Carrier Practice

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Bulk Carrier Practice The Nautical Institute BULK CARRIER PRACTICE Second Edition Captain Jack Isbester ExC FNI MCMS Extra Master Foreword (first edition) by Dr Frank Chao, Chairman, Intercargo Foreword (second edition) by Robert Lorenz-Meyer, President and Chairman BIMCO Managing Partner, Ernst Russ GmbH & Co. KG CONTENTS Page Appendices and Reference Material - Contents vi Foreword to the First Edition vii Foreword to the Second Edition viii Introduction to the First Edition ix Introduction to the Second Edition xi Acknowledgements First Edition xii Acknowledgements Second Edition L/ xiv Drawing of bulk carrier types - Drawings 1.1 - 1.1 1 xvi Chapter l BULK CARRIERS PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE 1 Bulk carriers and bulk cargoes, categories of bulk carrier, characteristics of a bulk carrier, typical bulk carrier layout and equipment, features of larger bulk carriers, future ships and trades Chapter 2 CHARTERPARTIES 15 Charterparties, time charters, voyage charters, sub-chartering, vessel's description, voyage estimates, compliance with the charterparty, owners' and charterers' voyage orders, consultation with principals, Master's responsibilities including interruptions to the voyage, keeping full records, surveys, tendering of notice of readiness and new charterparty clauses Chapter 3 LOG BOOKS, RECORDS, REFERENCE BOOKS 23 AND PLANS The records which should be maintained aboard bulk carriers because of their trade, ships' operations manuals, the plans required by deck officers and the reference books required for the trade Chapter 4 MAINTENANCE AND CARE OF HATCH COVERS Development, hatchcover types, watertightness and weathertightness, general description and design, surveys, testing for watertightness, maintenance procedures, some defects, emergency opening and closing, hatch leakage-first aid Chapter 5 PREPARATION OF HOLDS General considerations, whilst discharging, preparation for cleaning, cleaning equipment, sweeping of holds, disposal of cargo residues, washing, exceptional cleaning, clearing blocked bilge suctions, drying, preparation of bilges and testing of fittings, hold inspections, time required for hold preparation, final preparations, hold coatings, ballast holds Chapter 6 ENSURING SYSTEMS ARE OPERATIONAL Ventilation, airpipes, hold bilges, water ingress detectors, soundings, hold temperature systems, deck and hold lighting, list indication lights, fire smothering systems, hatch coarning drains, hatch fittings, deck machinery, derricks and cranes Chapter 7 BALLAST MANAGEMENT Basic pattern of ballast management, relevant regulations, ship's ballast layout, quantity of ballast required, ballasting whilst discharging, ballast management on passage, sequential and flow-through ballast changing, restrictions on deballasting, deballasting, achieving good results, maintenance of ballast tanks, removal of sediment and scale, patching of leaks, maintenance of coatings in tanks, inspections, closing of tanks Chapter 8 STRENGTH, STABILITY, DRAUGHT AND TI3.M 101 Seakeeping strength, tanktop, upper deck and hatch cover loading, block loading, position of cargo in hold, alternate hold loading, shear forces and bending moments, ship movement in a seaway, springing, hull stress monitoring, stability, free surface effect, angle of loll, flooding, sloshing, hogging and sagging7 Squat, effects of list and heel, change of trim due to change of density BULK CARRIER PRACTICE iii Page Chapter 9 PLANNING THE LOADING 109 Orders for loading, general approach, maximum lift, limiting point in voyage, factors which govern the distribution of cargo, the loading/deballasting plan, two berth and two port loading and discharge, block loading, two and multi- - loader operations, the trimming pours, loading the optimum amount of cargo, the unloading/ballasting plan, when cargo cannot be carried safety Chapter 10 LOADING CALCULATIONS' Loading instruments, the use of loading manuals, their deficiencies and contents, displacement, stability and longitudinal strength calculations, choice of methods, practical considerations, grain stability, timber stability Chapter l l LOADING OR DISCHARGING BERTH Final authority for decisions, need for exchange of information, maximum safe draught, tidal range and sailing draught, air draught, cargo handling equipment and rate, positions of structures on quay, mooring requirements, systems of fendering, systems of access, restrictions on deballasting, ship/shore safety checklist, items requested by Master, communication with berth operators, tonnage on the belt, hours of work, effects of weather, methods of trimming, pollution avoidance, methods of loading, methods of discharging, ship's information for the berth operator including typical mooring arrangements, the implementation of the BLU Code, methods of information exchange, storing and handling of cargoes ashore, offshore transshipment Chapter 12 LOADING PERIOD Importance of the loading period, arrival in berth, preloading surveys, acceptability of offered cargo, duties of ship's officers, loading/deballasting programme, monitoring loading and deballasting, supervision of work of the crew, liaison with loading staff, damage to ship or cargo, maintenance of full records, chief mate's role as troubleshooter, Master's role, shifting ship by warping, safe procedures for working cargo Chapter 13 ESTABLISHING QUANTITY OF CARGO LOADED OR DISCHARGED Methods of weighing bulk cargoes ashore, draught survey procedures, reasons for unexpected results Chapter 14 CARGO DOCUMENTS Hold inspection certificares, mate's receipts, bills of lading and authorisations to sign them, phytosanitary certificates, certificates of compliance, UN approval, origin, declarations by shipper, certificates of transportable moisture limit, moisture content, Master's response sheet, lashing, readiness to load, fitness to proceed to sea, loading, fumigation, weight and quality, stowage plans, cargo manifests, dangerous cargo manifests, material safety data sheets, hatch sealing certificates, statements of fact, letters of protest, empty hold certificates, trimming certificates, certificates of loading/discharging and stevedores' time sheets, clean ballast discharge permits, paint compliance certificates, certificates of IMO classification, IMSBC Code fitness certificates, certificates of compliance for bulk and dangerous bulk cargoes, hatch closing certificates and no damage certificates Chapter 15 LOADED VOYAGE Departure from the loading port, trim for the loaded voyage choice of route, cargo ventilation, soundings, action to take when flooding is detected, acidity of bilges, cargo temperatures, sampling of air in holds, checking and tightening of cargo lashings daily, inspections in fair and rough weather, conduct of the voyage in rough weather, reporting, arriving at the discharging port Chapter 16 THE DISCHARGING PERIOD Shipboard organisation during discharge, routine procedures, on first arrival, liaison with the terminal representative, the discharging/ballasting programme, ballasting, discharge by continuous unloading, grab, Cavaletto, vacuvator or ship's gear, care for cargo, the finding, recording and repair of stevedores' damage, crew work iv THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE Page THE BALLAST VOYAGE 211 Chapter l7 departure from the discharging port, choice of route, routine Genera' of the voyage in rough weather, reporting, before arrival at the tasks, cO"fs"'partial deballasting before berthing loading p S SPECIAL TWES OF BULK CARRIERS 215 Chapter lal~haracteristics of double skinned bulk carriers, self unloaders, mini- O~~~~~~~~~stproduct carriers, log carriers, retractable tweendeck vessels, open bulker', fo with shipboard gantry cranes and combination hatch vessels CARRIAGE OF COMMON AND TYPICAL 245 Chapter l9 BULK CARGOES iron ore, steel, steel coils, forest products, cement Grain, Coal7 UNUSUAL CARGOES AND SPECIALuTRADES Chapter 'Oseparations, taking the ground in the berth, general and breakbulk 273 cargoading to cold regions cargoes, tr SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS responsibility for safety, abandoning ship when flooding occurs, 287 The ISM work system, entering enclosed spaces, use of pesticides, access to the permit to rd~from working cargo, use of safety equipment and clothing, unsafe ship, ha@ cargoes 22 INSTRUMENTS AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT 299 Chaptereric test equipment, hydrometers, sea water sampling equipment, AtmOsph mucking winches, mobile cranes, cherrypickers, scaffolding, ~~y~~~~~~~~~~~portable sump pumps, high pressure washing machines, spray paint spray hold inspection systems, big area descalers, sand blasting foammachines, sys needle guns, pneumatic grease guns, portable fans, power tools MAINTENANCE 31 1 Chapter '5ntenance systems, the planning of maintenance, management of 'lanned E, ,greasing and oiling, painting, maintenance of derricks, cranes and 'pare par >S fixtures and fittings grabs, shlP REPAIRS AND DRYDOCKTNG' 325 Chapter %amage and defects, Enhanced Survey Programme, drydocking Repair of 25 SHIP'S HOUSEKEEPING 333 Chapter of wastes, the housekeeping problem, excluding dust, dealing with dirt, Disposal keeping %+'ater Out 26 BULK CARRIER CASUALTIES 341 Chapter in the 1980s and 1990s, factors contributing to bulk camer casualties, Casualties the path to safer shipping, improvements introduced, prevention of casualties, casualty prevention by ships' personnel and shipowners, detection of damage, casualties since 1993, conclusion ~ppendic~~ 349 List of Somces 497 Index 503 Notes OD numbering of iUustrations and appendices book starts with thenpages of drawings (Drawings 1.1 - 1.11) of
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