DOCSLIB.ORG

Congressional Record—Senate S6349

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

June 13, 2005 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6349 better able to focus their resources on practical and the moral dimensions of congressional delegation about 2 years economic development, education, America’s leadership. ago. health, infrastructure, and all the fun- Every human being needs and de- Just 15 years after attaining its inde- damentals that we know help to build serves the fundamentals of life: food, pendence from apartheid-led South Af- prosperity. shelter, water, safety. Countries that rica, Namibia has emerged as a They will be able to once and for all fail in any of these basic functions be- multiparty, multiracial democracy break the loan-debt-forgiveness cycle come dangerous places for their citi- with a stable market-based economy. that has undermined their ability to zens and potential threats to America’s Like many African countries, the grow and to invest. security. It is in our mutual interest to greatest threat to Namibia’s develop- Saturday’s agreement will help many promote peace and stability on the Af- ment and continued success is the of Africa’s poorest countries get on rican Continent. spread of the virus of HIV/AIDS. Na- their feet and make meaningful strides As a physician, I have had the oppor- mibia is one of the countries most ad- toward the future. tunity to travel extensively through- versely affected by HIV/AIDS. Already, President Bush and the Republican- out the continent. I have had the op- 22 percent of sexually active adults in led Congress have been steadfast sup- portunity to perform surgery and oper- Namibia are infected by HIV. AIDS ac- porters of Africa’s development. I per- ate in the oldest medical school on counts for half of the deaths among in- sonally have had the opportunity to that continent in Uganda. I have had dividuals between the ages of 15 and 19 visit the continent of Africa on eight the opportunity to treat patients for in Namibia and for 75 percent of all separate occasions, both as majority war injuries, injuries from a civil war hospitalizations in public facilities. leader and as part of medical mission in southern Sudan, to treat patients The continued spread of this disease work on that wonderful continent. We with HIV/AIDS. will have a devastating impact on the have consistently championed efforts From that perspective, I was so Namibian people and their efforts to to promote accountability, good gov- proud when the President today was build on their already remarkable ernance, political reform, and eco- talking at the press conference with achievements. For this reason, it is nomic growth. Overcoming the prob- the Presidents of those countries about critical to continue to fund the Presi- lems that afflict the continent is tough his HIV/AIDS initiative: $15 billion dent’s emergency plan for AIDS relief, work, it is difficult work, it is chal- committed by the United States, by or PEPFAR, to assist Namibia in their lenging work, but we are committed to our U.S. Congress, to combat what I battle against this terrible disease. helping Africa realize its rich poten- believe is the greatest moral, humani- PEPFAR funding for Namibia has in- tial. tarian, and public health challenge of creased from $23 million in 2004 to an Instead of seeing only problems and our times. I am also participating in an estimated $36 million in 2005. The ad- obstacles, we seek solutions. Instead of effort to help expand health care and ministration has requested $49 million offering a Band-Aid, we offered smart spread goodwill through that health for 2006, and I encourage my Senate aid. We as a country have much to be care across the globe. I believe—and I colleagues to support this funding as proud of in terms of our contributions. have had that little window to be able the Namibian people continue their One only need to look at the statistics. to see directly—that through the good fight against HIV/AIDS. So far this fiscal year, the United works of many talented women and Despite its openness and competitive- States has provided the continent of men of compassion medicine can be not ness, the Namibian economy still faces Africa with $1.4 billion in humani- only an instrument of health but by a number of challenges. Since 1990, the tarian relief. President Bush has tri- the delivery of that medicine and by annual per capita GDP growth rate in pled America’s contributions. the delivery of that public health care Namibia has averaged just 1.6 percent. Today, nearly a quarter of every aid can be a true currency for peace. The African Growth and Opportunity dollar to Africa comes from America, I have seen that real tangible inter- Acceleration Act is helping to cap- up from just 10 percent 4 short years vention can help bridge the gaps and italize Namibia’s economic potential. ago. Yes, we really for the first time misunderstandings that so often divide Already, AGOA is estimated to have demand accountability from these in- people, that can divide societies. We created 9,000 new jobs in Namibia. In vestments. These aid dollars today are see that phenomenon in Afghanistan addition, Namibia’s 2004 exports to the tied to economic and political reforms. and Iraq and we saw it in Southeast United States under AGOA are valued Our goal is to help these countries root Asia in the aftermath of the terrible at $161 million. out corruption, to address human tsunami tragedy. Countless health care These achievements I mention be- rights, to protect human rights, to pro- professionals from all over the world, cause they are a model for political and mote the rule of law, and to build a both volunteers and government work- economic reform throughout the Afri- stable, civil society, one that can meet ers, rushed to that devastated region to can Continent. Steady American sup- the needs and demands of a growing offer assistance. Private companies, port will enhance Namibia’s ability to and modern society. corporations, and nongovernment orga- contribute to Africa’s peace, security, Meanwhile, the African Growth and nizations offered services and supplies. and stability. The President has said Opportunity Acceleration Act, also The outpouring of support from all America has a special calling to come know known as AGOA, is already dem- over the world, led in many ways by to the aid of the African people and onstrating its poverty fighting power. American efforts, was truly an extraor- that ‘‘we will do so with the compas- Last year, the Senate passed and the dinary event, a moving testament to sion and generosity that has always de- President signed the African Growth our shared humanity. That is why in fined the United States.’’ and Opportunity Acceleration Act. As April I introduced the Global Health I look forward to working with my a result, U.S. exports to sub-Saharan Corps Act of 2005. America possesses a colleagues in the Senate and with the Africa have increased by 25 percent and vast reservoir of talent, skills, knowl- President to continue helping the con- America’s imports from these partici- edge, and compassion that can both tinent heal and grow. We care deeply pating countries are up 88 percent. Eco- help heal but also promote health, both about the future of Africa. With time nomic growth in sub-Saharan Africa is literally and figuratively, promoting and an unwavering commitment to at an 8-year high. our global ties. This is just one of the progress, I believe that together we can Our goal is to break with the old ap- many efforts we are making to help help Africa and its people share in the proaches of the past where success was promote peace and well-being on the blessings of peace and prosperity. measured in dollars. Instead, we want African Continent. We are also reach- f real, measurable results, proof that the ing out directly to individual countries African people are benefiting from our to help them tackle their most press- TRIBUTE TO JESSE R. NICHOLS efforts. And they are coming. I applaud ing problems. Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I ask the President for his strong and prin- Today, I also had the opportunity to unanimous consent that the Senate cipled leadership. He understands that speak with the President of Namibia. now proceed to the consideration of S. Africa can be and is a place of great Namibia is one of Africa’s greatest suc- Res. 168, which was submitted earlier hope and opportunity. He sees both the cess stories. We were just there on a today. VerDate jul 14 2003 03:45 Jun 14, 2005 Jkt 039060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G13JN6.004 S13PT1 S6350 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE June 13, 2005 The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- the committee staff and the Senators of Jesse Nichols, Sr., who passed away pore. The clerk will report. who depended on his professionalism on February 22, 2005. Jesse R. Nichols, The assistant legislative clerk read and accumulated knowledge. On his Sr., faithfully served the U.S. Senate as follows: 30th anniversary in the Senate, Mem- for over 30 years. He was the first Afri- A resolution (S. Res. 168) expressing grati- ber after Member rose to pay tribute to can American Clerk employed by the tude and sincere respect for Jesse R. Nichols. Mr. Nichols. Senator Russell Long U.S. Senate. There being no objection, the Senate praised Mr. Nichols for his consum- Jesse Nichols was born on June 14, proceeded to consider the resolution.
Recommended publications
  • Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019

    Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019

    Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019 Valerie Heitshusen Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process Updated September 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL30567 Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019 Summary This report briefly describes current responsibilities and selection mechanisms for 15 House and Senate party leadership posts and provides tables with historical data, including service dates, party affiliation, and other information for each. Tables have been updated as of the report’s issuance date to reflect leadership changes. Although party divisions appeared almost from the First Congress, the formally structured party leadership organizations now taken for granted are a relatively modern development. Constitutionally specified leaders, namely the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate, can be identified since the First Congress. Other leadership posts, however, were not formally recognized until about the middle of the 19th century, and some are 20th-century creations. In the earliest Congresses, those House Members who took some role in leading their parties were often designated by the President as his spokesperson in the chamber. By the early 1800s, an informal system developed when the Speaker began naming his lieutenant to chair one of the most influential House committees. Eventually, other Members wielded significant influence via other committee posts (e.g., the post-1880 Committee on Rules). By the end of the 19th century, the formal position of floor leaders had been established in the House. The Senate was slower than the House to develop formal party leadership positions, and there are similar problems in identifying individual early leaders.
  • Truman, Congress and the Struggle for War and Peace In

    Truman, Congress and the Struggle for War and Peace In

    TRUMAN, CONGRESS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR WAR AND PEACE IN KOREA A Dissertation by LARRY WAYNE BLOMSTEDT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2008 Major Subject: History TRUMAN, CONGRESS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR WAR AND PEACE IN KOREA A Dissertation by LARRY WAYNE BLOMSTEDT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Terry H. Anderson Committee Members, Jon R. Bond H. W. Brands John H. Lenihan David Vaught Head of Department, Walter L. Buenger May 2008 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT Truman, Congress and the Struggle for War and Peace in Korea. (May 2008) Larry Wayne Blomstedt, B.S., Texas State University; M.S., Texas A&M University-Kingsville Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Terry H. Anderson This dissertation analyzes the roles of the Harry Truman administration and Congress in directing American policy regarding the Korean conflict. Using evidence from primary sources such as Truman’s presidential papers, communications of White House staffers, and correspondence from State Department operatives and key congressional figures, this study suggests that the legislative branch had an important role in Korean policy. Congress sometimes affected the war by what it did and, at other times, by what it did not do. Several themes are addressed in this project. One is how Truman and the congressional Democrats failed each other during the war. The president did not dedicate adequate attention to congressional relations early in his term, and was slow to react to charges of corruption within his administration, weakening his party politically.
  • Committee on Appropriations UNITED STATES SENATE 135Th Anniversary

    Committee on Appropriations UNITED STATES SENATE 135Th Anniversary

    107th Congress, 2d Session Document No. 13 Committee on Appropriations UNITED STATES SENATE 135th Anniversary 1867–2002 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2002 ‘‘The legislative control of the purse is the central pil- lar—the central pillar—upon which the constitutional temple of checks and balances and separation of powers rests, and if that pillar is shaken, the temple will fall. It is...central to the fundamental liberty of the Amer- ican people.’’ Senator Robert C. Byrd, Chairman Senate Appropriations Committee United States Senate Committee on Appropriations ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia, TED STEVENS, Alaska, Ranking Chairman THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi ANIEL NOUYE Hawaii D K. I , ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania RNEST OLLINGS South Carolina E F. H , PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico ATRICK EAHY Vermont P J. L , CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri OM ARKIN Iowa T H , MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky ARBARA IKULSKI Maryland B A. M , CONRAD BURNS, Montana ARRY EID Nevada H R , RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama ERB OHL Wisconsin H K , JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire ATTY URRAY Washington P M , ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah YRON ORGAN North Dakota B L. D , BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado IANNE EINSTEIN California D F , LARRY CRAIG, Idaho ICHARD URBIN Illinois R J. D , KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas IM OHNSON South Dakota T J , MIKE DEWINE, Ohio MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana JACK REED, Rhode Island TERRENCE E. SAUVAIN, Staff Director CHARLES KIEFFER, Deputy Staff Director STEVEN J. CORTESE, Minority Staff Director V Subcommittee Membership, One Hundred Seventh Congress Senator Byrd, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator Stevens, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio members of all subcommit- tees of which they are not regular members.
  • Trade and the Separation of Powers Timothy Meyer

    Trade and the Separation of Powers Timothy Meyer

    Vanderbilt University Law School Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 2019 Trade and the Separation of Powers Timothy Meyer Ganesh Sitaraman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/faculty-publications Part of the International Law Commons, and the International Trade Law Commons Recommended Citation Timothy Meyer and Ganesh Sitaraman, Trade and the Separation of Powers, 107 California Law Review. 583 (2019) Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/faculty-publications/1093 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. +(,121/,1( Citation: Timothy Meyer; Ganesh Sitaraman, Trade and the Separation of Powers, 107 Calif. L. Rev. 583 (2019) Provided by: Vanderbilt University Law School Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline Wed Jun 5 12:21:18 2019 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at https://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: Copyright Information Use QR Code reader to send PDF to your smartphone or tablet device Trade and the Separation of Powers Timothy Meyer* & Ganesh Sitaraman** There are two paradigms through which to view trade law and policy within the American constitutionalsystem.
  • A History of the US Senate Republican Policy Committee

    A History of the US Senate Republican Policy Committee

    06 39-400 Ch3 7/9/97 8:37 AM Page 49 CHAPTER THREE Page 49—no folio 06 39-400 Ch3 7/9/97 8:37 AM Page 50 President Dwight D. Eisenhower with House and Senate Republican leadership. Page 50—no folio 06 39-400 Ch3 7/9/97 8:37 AM Page 51 CHAPTER THREE Creating a Republican Alternative (1955-1968) [The Policy Committee in the minority, during the Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson administrations under chairmen Styles Bridges (1955-1961) and Bourke Hickenlooper (1961-1968).] I n the mid-1950s, Washington cor- respondent William S. White commented on how differently the two party policy committees in the Senate operated. “The Republican Senate Policy Committee will meet once a week, but it will do so only upon care- fully printed notices circulated to the committee’s members officially to inform them that there is to be a meeting,” White wrote in his study of the Senate, The Citadel. “The Democratic Policy Committee will meet— perhaps—once a week, and when it does the thing seems simply to hap- pen and members will stroll in, usually late, with the air of a man drop- ping into another’s office to have a drink and, having nothing better to do at the moment, to pass the time of day.” The Republican Policy Committee’s more formal style of operation reflected both its founder, Page 51—no folio 06 39-400 Ch3 7/9/97 8:37 AM Page 52 Robert Taft, and the party’s minority status in all but one Congress during the 1950s and 1960s.
  • HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES—Monday, June 13, 2005

    HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES—Monday, June 13, 2005

    12194 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE June 13, 2005 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—Monday, June 13, 2005 The House met at 12:30 p.m. and was sion; claims of sexual harassment in these countries the opportunity to called to order by the Speaker pro tem- the United Nations; an attempt to im- have the United Nations. I just hope pore (Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of Cali- pose global gun control. The U.N. even they do not plan on collecting for park- fornia). thought about sending observers over ing tickets from the diplomats who do f here to assess and evaluate our elec- not pay. tion process here in the United States. Later this week we will also consider DESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER It is noted also that our Supreme the Hyde proposal to enact serious and PRO TEMPORE Court Justices are using a U.N. treaty substantive reform at the United Na- The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- to justify abolishing capital punish- tions. This bill appears to provide real fore the House the following commu- ment for minors. And, of course, there reform with teeth, and I look forward nication from the Speaker: is the infamous Oil For Food Program. to debating and discussing this meas- ure. WASHINGTON, DC, This is a scandal. It is a program which June 13, 2005. has resulted in over $20 billion being Last, Mr. Speaker, in other U.N. re- I hereby appoint the Honorable DANIEL E. stolen from those who need it in Iraq form related news, hopefully this week LUNGREN to act as Speaker pro tempore on and which enriched the totalitarian re- John Bolton may finally get his up or this day.
  • CHAIRMEN of SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–Present

    CHAIRMEN of SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–Present

    CHAIRMEN OF SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–present INTRODUCTION The following is a list of chairmen of all standing Senate committees, as well as the chairmen of select and joint committees that were precursors to Senate committees. (Other special and select committees of the twentieth century appear in Table 5-4.) Current standing committees are highlighted in yellow. The names of chairmen were taken from the Congressional Directory from 1816–1991. Four standing committees were founded before 1816. They were the Joint Committee on ENROLLED BILLS (established 1789), the joint Committee on the LIBRARY (established 1806), the Committee to AUDIT AND CONTROL THE CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE SENATE (established 1807), and the Committee on ENGROSSED BILLS (established 1810). The names of the chairmen of these committees for the years before 1816 were taken from the Annals of Congress. This list also enumerates the dates of establishment and termination of each committee. These dates were taken from Walter Stubbs, Congressional Committees, 1789–1982: A Checklist (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985). There were eleven committees for which the dates of existence listed in Congressional Committees, 1789–1982 did not match the dates the committees were listed in the Congressional Directory. The committees are: ENGROSSED BILLS, ENROLLED BILLS, EXAMINE THE SEVERAL BRANCHES OF THE CIVIL SERVICE, Joint Committee on the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LIBRARY, PENSIONS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, RETRENCHMENT, REVOLUTIONARY CLAIMS, ROADS AND CANALS, and the Select Committee to Revise the RULES of the Senate. For these committees, the dates are listed according to Congressional Committees, 1789– 1982, with a note next to the dates detailing the discrepancy.
  • Congressional Overspeech

    Congressional Overspeech

    ARTICLES CONGRESSIONAL OVERSPEECH Josh Chafetz* Political theater. Spectacle. Circus. Reality show. We are constantly told that, whatever good congressional oversight is, it certainly is not those things. Observers and participants across the ideological and partisan spectrums use those descriptions as pejorative attempts to delegitimize oversight conducted by their political opponents or as cautions to their own allies of what is to be avoided. Real oversight, on this consensus view, is about fact-finding, not about performing for an audience. As a result, when oversight is done right, it is both civil and consensus-building. While plenty of oversight activity does indeed involve bipartisan attempts to collect information and use that information to craft policy, this Article seeks to excavate and theorize a different way of using oversight tools, a way that focuses primarily on their use as a mechanism of public communication. I refer to such uses as congressional overspeech. After briefly describing the authority, tools and methods, and consensus understanding of oversight in Part I, this Article turns to an analysis of overspeech in Part II. The three central features of overspeech are its communicativity, its performativity, and its divisiveness, and each of these is analyzed in some detail. Finally, Part III offers two detailed case studies of overspeech: the Senate Munitions Inquiry of the mid-1930s and the McCarthy and Army-McCarthy Hearings of the early 1950s. These case studies not only demonstrate the dynamics of overspeech in action but also illustrate that overspeech is both continuous across and adaptive to different media environments. Moreover, the case studies illustrate that overspeech can be used in the service of normatively good, normatively bad, and * Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center.
  • Senate the Senate Met at 10 A.M

    Senate the Senate Met at 10 A.M

    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 110 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 153 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, JANUARY 9, 2007 No. 4 Senate The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was appoint the Honorable ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., speak for the times specified: Senator called to order by the Honorable ROB- a Senator from the State of Pennsylvania, to TESTER, 10 minutes; Senator NELSON of ERT P. CASEY, Jr., a Senator from the perform the duties of the Chair. Florida, 15 minutes; Senator SALAZAR, State of Pennsylvania. ROBERT C. BYRD, 15 minutes; and that when the Senate President pro tempore. reconvenes at 2:15, debate time be ex- PRAYER Mr. CASEY thereupon assumed the tended for another 30 minutes, with The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- chair as Acting President pro tempore. Senators LIEBERMAN and COLLINS rec- fered the following prayer: f ognized for 15 minutes each; that fol- Let us pray. lowing that time, the majority leader Divine Master, You are our strong- RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY LEADER be recognized to offer a substitute hold and the pioneer of our future. amendment. Teach us to work with greater faithful- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- ness. May pleasing You become our pri- pore. The majority leader is recog- pore. Is there objection? mary focus as You place a song in our nized. Without objection, it is so ordered. heart for each burden on our shoulders. f Mr. REID. Mr. President, let me be Guide our lawmakers today.
  • DENVER CATHOLIC the Sermon Will Be Delivered B Y '; Denver Presented a Picture of the Very Rev

    DENVER CATHOLIC the Sermon Will Be Delivered B Y '; Denver Presented a Picture of the Very Rev

    Three Dioceses Representedi Martyred Cardinal Called Model for Press Rites June 21 Convention Challenged to Rally Tremendous Strength For Julesburg For Hard-Hitting Battle Against Secularism in U. S. C lerg^en of the Denver archdiocese and two Nebraska '+ ■+ - f + _ Members of the Catholic Press association are being challenged this morn­ dioceses will take part in the dedication of the new St. Ani; ing, Thursday, June 16, in the opening session of their national convention thony’s church in Julesburg on Tuesday moaning, June 21,; Officers of Press Association at 11 o’clock. ; \ in Denver to tal^e the heroic example of Cardinal Mindszenty as their model Archbishop Urban J. Vehr will officiate at the dedica-l’ in the struggle against totalitarianism. They are given this challenge by the tion and will preside at the Mass that will follow the solemn . Rev. John S. Kennedy of Hartford, Conn., keynote speaker, who recalls that blessing of the new house-of worship erected at an approxi-1 before his imprisonment Cardinal Mindszenty called for “ Catholic self-as mate cost of $90,000. ’ ,: The celebrant of the Solemn surance, consolidation of all ' Member of Audit Bureau of Circulation Catholic forces, increased Mass will be the Rev. Joseph Bosch': Contents Copyrighted by the Catholic Press Society, Inc., 1949— Permission to Reproduce, Except on of Crook in the Denver archdio- ' Catholic social welfare activ­ Articles Otherwise Marked, Given After 12 M. Friday Following Issue. cese; deacon, the Rev. Robert F. | ities, intensified educational Maron of St. Joseph’s, Chappell* work, intensified information, in the Grand Island diocese; sub-- deacon, the Rev.
  • Sidestepping Congress: Presidents Acting Under the UN and NATO

    Sidestepping Congress: Presidents Acting Under the UN and NATO

    Case Western Reserve Law Review Volume 47 Issue 4 Article 6 1997 Sidestepping Congress: Presidents Acting under the UN and NATO Louis Fisher Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Louis Fisher, Sidestepping Congress: Presidents Acting under the UN and NATO, 47 Case W. Rsrv. L. Rev. 1237 (1997) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev/vol47/iss4/6 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Law Review by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. SIDESTEPPING CONGRESS: PRESIDENTS ACTING UNDER THE UN AND NATOt Louis Fisher' The most striking transformation of the war power over the past fifty years is the extent to which Presidents seek authority not from Congress but from international and regional institutions, particularly the United Nations and the North Atlantic Council. Although this pattern violates the U.S. Constitution and the legisla- tive intent of the UN and NATO, and represents an effort through the treaty process to strip from the House of Representatives its constitutional role in matters of war, the trend is unmistakable and continues its course with little interruption from Congress or the courts. Truman in Korea, Bush in Iraq, Clinton in Haiti and Bosnia-in each instance a President circumvented Congress by relying either on the UN or NATO. President Bush also stitched together a multilateral alliance before turning to Congress at the eleventh hour to obtain statutory authority.
  • Th Congre Ha ̈̀ Av Th Ower.. . Egulat Co Erc

    Th Congre Ha ̈̀ Av Th Ower.. . Egulat Co Erc

    Lori Wallach Updated and Expanded Edition U.S. Constitio Articl I Sectio 8 “Th Congre ha ̈̀ av th ower.. egulat co erc it oreig ations.” The Rise and Fall of Fast Track Trade Authority Updated and Expanded Edition Lori Wallach Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch © 2013 by Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-58231-052-7 No part of this document may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photography, re- cording, or by information exchange and retrieval systems, without written permission from the authors. Permission will be granted for educational use upon request at [email protected]. Public Citizen is a nonprofi t membership organization in Washing- ton, D.C., dedicated to advancing the public interest through research, publications, information services, litigation and lobbying. Public Citizen advocates for corporate and government accountability, con- sumer rights in the marketplace, safe and secure health care, fair trade, and clean and safe energy sources. Visit our web page at http://www.citizen.org. Acknowledgments: Chapters 1 through 4 of this book were authored by Todd Tucker for the 2008-09 edition, and remain mostly unchanged. Tucker was research director of Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch until 2012. He is author of dozens of reports on the World Trade Organization, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and other trade, investment, consumer and economic issues. A graduate of George Washington University, he received his masters from Cambridge University where he is currently pursuing his Ph.D. Tucker conducted much of the primary research for the book’s earlier edition, with assistance from Lauren Forbes.