DOCSLIB.ORG

Historic Preservation in Legacy Cities: Preservation and Revitalization in Camden, New Jersey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Historic Preservation in Legacy Cities: Preservation and Revitalization in Camden, New Jersey University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 2014 Historic Preservation in Legacy Cities: Preservation and Revitalization in Camden, New Jersey Di Gao University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Gao, Di, "Historic Preservation in Legacy Cities: Preservation and Revitalization in Camden, New Jersey" (2014). Theses (Historic Preservation). 563. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/563 Suggested Citation: Gao, Di (2014). Historic Preservation in Legacy Cities: Preservation and Revitalization in Camden, New Jersey. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/563 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Historic Preservation in Legacy Cities: Preservation and Revitalization in Camden, New Jersey Abstract The post-industrial cities of America are rife with significant cultural heritage that contribute to the national historic narrative. Many of these cities have experienced issues associated with disinvestment and population loss stemming from changing globalizing economic forces beginning in the latter half of the 20th century, jeopardizing their urban cultural heritage as these cities face decisions concerning vital redevelopment and revitalization plans in their efforts to regain relevancy in the contemporary global economic climate. Increasingly, cities facing these issues have turned towards local values and preservation based approaches to revitalization. This research examines the potential impact of historic preservation as a revitalization approach in the city of Camden, New Jersey through an investigation of best practices in other comparable legacy cities that have successfully utilized preservation as a form of strategic revitalization. These comparable cities were selected based off of their similarity to Camden in terms of several key indicators with regard to the challenges they face, their political structure, and their economic conditions. This study of the potential beneficial impact of preservation on the long-term sustainable revitalization of economically disinvested communities contributes knowledge of preservation best practices to the discourse on urban regeneration, and identifies the factors that have led to the successful preservation-based rebirth of vibrant urban communities. This research may serve as a means to advocate for the protection of legacy assets in post-industrial cities. Keywords CDC, Camden, economic development, revitalization, redevelopment Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation | Urban Studies and Planning Comments Suggested Citation: Gao, Di (2014). Historic Preservation in Legacy Cities: Preservation and Revitalization in Camden, New Jersey. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/563 HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN LEGACY CITIES: PRESERVATION AND REVITALIZATION IN CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY Di Gao A THESIS in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION 2014 _____________________________ Advisor Randall F. Mason Program Chair Associate Professor Acknowledgments This thesis was made possible through the help of many individuals whom I would like to thank. A special thanks to my advisors, Randy Mason and Donovan Rypkema, who provided invaluable guidance, encouragement and support throughout this process, and helped keep me on track. It was a humbling experience seeing both of their names cited frequently in the literature that I came across in my research, and I have learned a great deal from their knowledge of the field and working under their tutelage. I would also like to thank the many professionals in Camden who were willing to answer questions and take the time out of their busy work schedules to discuss my research topic with me, allowing me to learn from their expertise and gain deeper insight into the field than would have otherwise been possible. Thank you to all of my colleagues and superiors at Cooper’s Ferry Partnership, who have all been excellent mentors and repositories of information on all things Camden. Thank you Sue Brennan, Dave Foster, Howard Gillette, and Paul Schopp for having extended conversations with me and sharing your insights— this would not have been possible without you! Lastly, I thank my friends, family and classmates who provided much needed comic relief and emotional support over the past two years, I am certain I would not have made it this far without you, and I am all the richer for having you all in this experience with me. Cheers, to many more challenges and adventures in future! ii Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................... ii List of Illustrations .................................................................................................................. iv Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 Research Problem and Objectives ............................................................................................... 1 Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 2 Historical Context ......................................................................................................................... 3 Significance and Hypothesis ........................................................................................................ 6 Key Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 7 Literature Review .................................................................................................................... 9 Historic Preservation Context ...................................................................................................... 9 Urban Revitalization Context in Camden, New Jersey ............................................................... 11 Economics of Historic Preservation ........................................................................................... 12 Historic Preservation and Community and Economic Development ........................................ 14 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 17 Camden Overview ................................................................................................................ 18 History of Revitalization in Camden ........................................................................................... 21 History of Preservation Efforts in Camden ................................................................................ 28 Comparable City Case Studies ................................................................................................ 35 Cleveland, Ohio .......................................................................................................................... 42 Flint, Michigan ............................................................................................................................ 50 Cincinnati, Ohio .......................................................................................................................... 54 Pittsburg, Pennsylvania .............................................................................................................. 56 Newark, New Jersey ................................................................................................................... 60 Best Practices ............................................................................................................................. 63 Applying Preservation Best Practices in Camden .................................................................... 64 Best Practices ............................................................................................................................. 65 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 85 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................... 87 APPENDIX .............................................................................................................................. 92 Index ................................................................................................................................... 101 iii List of Illustrations Figure 1 Camden Municipal Boundaries ........................................................................................ 92 Figure 2 Camden Aerial Historic and Conservation Overlay .......................................................... 93 Figure 3 Camden Census Tracts ................................................................................................ 94 Figure 4 Comparable City Selection Process
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Universidade Federal Da Bahia Faculdade De Arquitetura Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Arquitetura E Urbanismo
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE ARQUITETURA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO ERWIC FLORES CAPARÓ PRESERVAÇÃO, DESENVOLVIMENTO E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO CASO DE CUSCO-PERU (1950-1990) Salvador 2013 iii UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE ARQUITETURA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO ERWIC FLORES CAPARÓ PRESERVAÇÃO, DESENVOLVIMENTO E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO CASO DE CUSCO-PERU (1950-1990) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal da Bahia – UFBA, como pré-requisito para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Área de concentração: Conservação e Restauro. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Ormindo David de Azevedo. Salvador 2013 Faculdade de Arquitetura da UFBA - Biblioteca C236 Caparó, Erwic Flores. Preservação, desenvolvimento e políticas públicas no caso de Cusco-Perú (1950-1990) / Erwic Flores Caparó. 2013. 280 f. : il. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Ormindo David de Azevedo. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2013. 1. Planejamento urbano - Política pública - Patrimônio - Cusco (Peru). 2. Arquitetura - Conservação e restauração - Cusco (Peru). I. Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Arquitetura. II. Azevedo, Paulo Ormindo David de. III. Título. CDU: 72.025(853.19) v ERWIC FLORES CAPARÓ PRESERVAÇÃO, DESENVOLVIMENTO E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO CASO DE CUSCO-PERU (1950-1990) Banca Examinadora Paulo Ormindo David de Azevedo - Orientador Doutor em Arquitetura e Urbanismo – Università di
    [Show full text]
  • VI. Protective Zoning Bylaw
    VI. Protective Zoning Bylaw Town of Ipswich Massachusetts May 7, 1977 (As Amended through October, 2020) Table of Contents I. PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................. 5 II. APPLICABILITY .................................................................................................................... 6 A. General ................................................................................................................................................... 6 B. Nonconforming Uses and Structures ...................................................................................................... 6 C. Municipal Construction Projects ............................................................................................................ 8 III. DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................... 9 IV. ZONING DISTRICTS ........................................................................................................... 20 A. Type of Districts ................................................................................................................................... 20 B. Intent of Districts .................................................................................................................................. 20 C. District Boundaries ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • VIENNA Gets High Marks
    city, transformed Why VIENNA gets high marks Dr. Eugen Antalovsky Jana Löw years city, transformed VIENNA 1 Why VIENNA gets high marks Dr. Eugen Antalovsky Jana Löw Why Vienna gets high marks © European Investment Bank, 2019. All rights reserved. All questions on rights and licensing should be addressed to [email protected] The findings, interpretations and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Investment Bank. Get our e-newsletter at www.eib.org/sign-up pdf: QH-06-18-217-EN-N ISBN 978-92-861-3870-6 doi:10.2867/9448 eBook: QH-06-18-217-EN-E ISBN 978-92-861-3874-4 doi:10.2867/28061 4 city, transformed VIENNA Austria’s capital transformed from a peripheral, declining outpost of the Cold War to a city that consistently ranks top of global quality of life surveys. Here’s how Vienna turned a series of major economic and geopolitical challenges to its advantage. Introduction In the mid-1980s, when Vienna presented its first urban development plan, the city government expected the population to decline and foresaw serious challenges for its urban economy. However, geopolitical transformations prompted a fresh wave of immigration to Vienna, so the city needed to adapt fast and develop new initiatives. A new spirit of urban development emerged. Vienna’s remarkable migration-driven growth took place in three phases: • first, the population grew rapidly between 1989 and 1993 • then it grew again between 2000 and 2006 • and finally from 2010 until today the population has been growing steadily and swiftly, by on average around 22,000 people per year • This means an addition of nearly 350,000 inhabitants since 1989.
    [Show full text]
  • State of New Jersey E NVIRONMENTAL J USTICE T ASK F ORCE
    State of New Jersey E NVIRONMENTAL J USTICE T ASK F ORCE Acknowledgements The Environmental Justice Task Force would like to acknowledge all of the community members who spoke with and wrote to the State Environmental Justice Task Force and NJDEP’s Environmental Justice Program to provide input in the development of this report and action plan, including the City of Camden, the Honorable Mayor Gwendolyn A. Faison, Mr. Charles Lyons, Ms. Lula Williams, Monsignor Michael Doyle and the Heart of Camden, Ms. Olga Pomar, Ms. Barbara Pfeiffer, Mr. Marc Cadwell, Ms. Phyllis Holmes, Dr. Shirley Peterson, Mr. Roy Jones, Ms. Linda Selby, Ms. Jane Nagocki, Camden Churches Organized for People (CCOP), the Environmental Justice Advisory Council and a host of others that are committed to improving the quality of life and the health of residents and workers in Camden’s Waterfront South neighborhood. Environmental Justice Task Force Agencies and other Governmental Agencies: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services New Jersey Department of Education New Jersey Department of Community Affairs New Jersey Department of Transportation New Jersey Division of Law and Public Safety New Jersey Economic Development Authority Economic Recovery Board Camden Redevelopment Authority City of Camden Camden County Health Department Environmental Justice Advisory Council Valorie Caffee, Chairperson Betty Kearns, First Vice Chairperson Ana Baptista Dawn Breeden Theodore Carrington Colandus “Kelly” Francis Avery Grant Michelle Garcia Kim Gaddy Juanita Joyner Donald McCloskey Frederic Martin The Environmental Justice Task Force would especially like to thank all agency staff who provided contributions to this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Use Element
    Chapter IX LAND USE ELEMENT INTRODUCTION The land use element, together with the agricultural, natural, and cultural resources element, seeks to balance long term growth and development in the County with the environmental well-being, agricultural activities, and cultural history of the County. The land use element sets forth major objectives concerning the desirable physical development of Racine County and its communities. Arguably the most important element of the comprehensive plan, the land use plan provides a means of relating day-to-day development decisions to long-range development objectives and provides for an efficient and attractive development pattern and serves to promote the public health, safety, and general welfare. The land use element is one of the nine elements of a comprehensive plan required by Section 66.1001 of the Wisconsin Statutes. Section 66.1001 (2) (h) of the Statutes requires this element to compile goals, objectives, policies, programs, and maps to guide future development and redevelopment of public and private property. The Statutes also require an analysis of data and maps regarding existing land use, land use trends, and land use projections to develop land use goals, objectives, policies, and programs for the County including: Information regarding the amount, type, and intensity or density of existing land uses in the County. Land use trends in the County. Projected land use needs in five year increments to the plan design year 2035. Maps showing existing and future land uses, productive agricultural soils, natural limitations to building site development, floodplains, wetlands, and other environmentally sensitive lands.1 In addition, the following comprehensive planning goals related to the land use element are set forth in Section 16.965 of the Statutes and must be addressed as part of the planning process:2 Promotion of the redevelopment of lands with existing infrastructure and public services and the maintenance and rehabilitation of existing residential, commercial, and industrial structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Leveraging Industrial Heritage in Waterfront Redevelopment
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 2010 From Dockyard to Esplanade: Leveraging Industrial Heritage in Waterfront Redevelopment Jayne O. Spector University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Spector, Jayne O., "From Dockyard to Esplanade: Leveraging Industrial Heritage in Waterfront Redevelopment" (2010). Theses (Historic Preservation). 150. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/150 Suggested Citation: Spector, Jayne O. (2010). "From Dockyard to Esplanade: Leveraging Industrial Heritage in Waterfront Redevelopment." (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/150 For more information, please contact [email protected]. From Dockyard to Esplanade: Leveraging Industrial Heritage in Waterfront Redevelopment Abstract The outcomes of preserving and incorporating industrial building fabric and related infrastructure, such as railways, docks and cranes, in redeveloped waterfront sites have yet to be fully understood by planners, preservationists, public administrators or developers. Case studies of Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Philadelphia/ Camden, Dublin, Glasgow, examine the industrial history, redevelopment planning and approach to preservation and adaptive reuse in each locale. The effects of contested industrial histories,
    [Show full text]
  • Fall 2003 HISTORIC in THIS Preservation ISSUE: BULLETIN Spring Conference Update
    Fall 2003 HISTORIC IN THIS Preservation ISSUE: BULLETIN Spring Conference Update ......9 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection • Natural & Historic Resources Historic Preservation Office Rehabilitation Tax CreditWorkshop........................10 We Are Back! After a brief hiatus the Department of Environmental Protection, Historic Preservation Office is pleased to provide the Fall Issue of the Historic New Jersey and National Register Of Preservation Bulletin. As many of our constituents are aware the bulletin has Historic Places ........................11 been published quarterly and distributed statewide since July of 1992. For the foreseeable future the Historic Preservation Office has elected to web publish A century of the bulletin three times a year. All future issues of the bulletin will reside at Stewardship ..............................16 www.state.nj.us/dep/hpo or you may call (609) 984-0543 for a copy. Mission The Department of Environmental Protection, Historic Preservation Office is committed to enhancing the Centuries quality of life for the residents of New Jersey through preservation of Historic and appreciation of our collective past. 2 Our mission is to assist the residents Preservation in of New Jersey in identifying, preserving, protecting and sustaining our historic and archaeological resources through implementation of Connecticut Farms the state's historic preservation Presbyterian Church, EW program. HABS N We provide assistance through our annual conference, consultation with JERSEY professionals, training workshops, co- sponsorship of history and historic A CHRONOLOGY OF SOME preservation related activities, the Historic Preservation Bulletin and SIGNIFICANT EVENTS other free publications. As we celebrate the 100th anniversary of New Jersey’s Division of Parks and Forestry, which began with the purchase of a historic James E .
    [Show full text]
  • Downtown Development Strategy a Chapter of the Comprehensive Plan
    Saint Paul Downtown Development Strategy A Chapter of the Comprehensive Plan Approved by Saint Paul Planning Commission February 14, 2003 Adopted by Saint Paul City Council March 26, 2003 Approved by Metropolitan Council September 17, 2003 Amended by Saint Paul City Council September 21, 2005 Acknowledgments Downtown Development Strategy Task Force CapitolRiver Council Paul Mandell, Community Co-Chair Mary Nelson, Community Organizer Brian Alton, Planning Commission Co-Chair Bill Buth, Building Owners and Managers Association City of Saint Paul Jason Medvec, Downtown Business Owner Betsy Bockstruck, Downtown Business Owner Martha Faust, Department of Planning and Economic Development Roger Nielson, Downtown Business Owner Lucy Thompson, Department of Planning and Economic Development Marla Gamble, Saint Paul Art Collective Allen Lovejoy, Department of Planning and Economic Development Tom Getzke, Saint Paul Convention and Visitors’ Bureau Al Carlson, Department of Planning and Economic Development Weiming Lu, Lowertown Redevelopment Corporation Jeff Nelson, Department of Planning and Economic Development Reverend Bill Englund, First Baptist Church Tim Agness, Division of Parks and Recreation Linda Lee, Downtown Resident Don Ganje, Division of Parks and Recreation Larry Englund, Downtown Resident John Wirka, Division of Parks and Recreation Mike Fitzgerald, Downtown Resident Mike Klassen, Department of Public Works Elaine Wray, Downtown Resident Joan Chinn, Department of Public Works Betty Herbert, Downtown Resident Mark Basten, Department
    [Show full text]
  • Saving the Spirit of Our Places: a View on Our Built Environment
    UCLA UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy Title Saving the Spirit of Our Places: A View on Our Built Environment Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2568v8rn Journal UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 15(1) Author Nivala, John Publication Date 1996 DOI 10.5070/L5151018919 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Saving the Spirit of Our Places: A View on Our Built Environment John Nivala* INTRODUCTION The places where we work and live have a spirit, a spirit that enlivens our present by reminding us of our past and anticipating our future. The ancients called this spirit the genius loci, a "clus- ter of associations identified with a place: pervading spirit."' It is the "distinctive character or atmosphere of a place with refer- ence to the impression that it makes on the mind."12 In our built environment, the genius loci is the power of the structures 3 around us to create these associations, to make that impression. What should we expect of our built environment? 4 It should offer us order and variety, stability and progress, the old and the new, working together to create an external environment which • Associate Professor, Widener University Law School. B.A., Hope College; J.D., University of Michigan Law School; L.L.M., Temple University Law School. 1. WEBSTER'S THIRD NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LAN- GUAGE (Unabridged, 1986). 2. RANDOM HOUSE DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (2d ed. una- bridged, 1987). 1 3. See PAUL GOLDBERGER, THE CrrY OBSERVED, NEW YORK: A GUIDE To THE, ARCHITECTURE OF MANHATrAN 56 (1979) [hereinafter GOLDBERGER, CITY OBSERVED].
    [Show full text]
  • Studying of Effective Urban Development Plans in Mashhad
    American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 2013 American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN : 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-02, Issue-09, pp-208-213 www.ajer.org Research Paper Open Access Evaluating of Mashhad urban development plans from compact city viewpoint Mohammad rahim Rahnama, Ali Homaeefar, Toktam Piruz Associate Professor Geography and Urban Planning department, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran PhD Scholar Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran PhD Scholar Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran Abstract: - There are many problems especially in large cities due to producing of urban development plans in different time, on the other hand; changing traditional to strategies approach is other reason for creating today problems. Therefore, one of the main factors of sustainability development principles is smart growth by emphasis on compactly. Mashhad metropolitan need, presentation sustainable development pattern in urban development plans due to complex structure and important position. Due to, are prepared development plans in various times, should be adapted with sustainable development principles and compact city indicators. In this research at first were studied indicators of smart growth pattern, after that was evaluated development and comprehensive plans based on these principles. Finding of research show, although there is mentioned viewpoint in urban development plans but haven’t succeeded in order to achieving smart growth. On the other hand, Mashhad Middle West area is one of the main districts that smart growth principles are nearly, but it isn’t success completely. Key word: - Compactly, smart city, Mashhad comprehensive and development plan I.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wright Brothers' Drive for the Sky from Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms National Register of Historic Places FIRST WORD Reaffirmation
    PRESERVING OUR NATION'S HERITAGE FALL 2003 Wings The Wright Brothers' Drive for the Sky From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms National Register of Historic Places FIRST WORD Reaffirmation BY DE TEEL PATTERSON TILLER RECENTLY I MET WITH a small delegation from the Coalition of land tangible and accessible, IT REMAINS TO BE SEEN whether the Q/II Families—survivors and families and friends of those killed Coalition will be successful. New York City politics is a no-holds- in the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. barred contact sport and much is at stake in the redevelopment of By their count their membership numbers around 3,000— the World Trade Center site. I hold out the hope that it may be roughly the same as lost that dark day more than two years ago. possible to find some compromise that preserves the remnants of The group's journey to Washington, DC, was borne of an inter­ the towers so that 100 or 1,000 years from now, Americans of est in seeing the remains of the towers designated as a National those generations will be able to walk over the bedrock and forge Historic Landmark. The putative leader of the delegation was a their own connections with this event that so changed our lives at young, purposeful man, Anthony Gardner, whose older brother, the beginning of the 21st century. Harvey Joseph Gardner, died in the collapse of the North Tower, THE MEETING WAS DIFFICULT and, at times, heart wrench­ ing. Everyone had a story making the tragedy compelling in mm We do what no book, television show, ways the media never could.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Introduction The land use plan is the guide for tools used by citizens of Dickinson County to minimize tax burden from infrastructure and services, maintain aesthetic qualities of the agrarian landscape, appropriately locate new industry, commercial business and residents, and protect, conserve or enhance water resources. The future land use plan implements the vision and goals identified throughout this plan by addressing key planning elements: o Agriculture, Open Space & Rural Preservation o Aquifer and Surface Water Resources for Water Supply o Land and Economic Development via Smart Growth The land use plan is built upon a LESA (Land Evaluation and Site Assessment) model process developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) and adapted for Dickinson County. LESA is a community based land use decision making model. The results presented hereafter represent valid results of the LESA process. The GIS LESA model and associated GIS data layers provided the county as part of this study afford efficient review and use of the model under different value ratings if deemed necessary. Citizen engagement in the continued development of the LESA model could improve citizen approval of land use planning decisions. The LE or Land Evaluation aspect of LESA evaluates natural resources and identifies locations for certain types of land uses based on natural resource characteristics. The SA or Site Assessment aspect assesses natural resource locations in combination with location of existing infrastructure and social resources to assess the appropriateness of land use. The land use plan is then developed around the combined natural and social resources evaluation and assessment.
    [Show full text]