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Muslim Beliefs Key Terms Definitions Year 10 RE Knowledge Organiser: Muslim Beliefs Key Terms Definitions The six beliefs of Islam – Sunni Muslims believe that these are the articles of faith, that a Hadith Sayings of the Prohet Muhammad (pbuh) Muslim must believe, to be accepted as a Muslim: Tawhid Belief in Allah’s Unity 1. Belief in Allah (Tawhid) 2. Belief in His angels (Risalah) Risalah Belief in Allah’s angels, prophets and holy books 3. Belief in His holy books (Risalah) 4. Belief in His messengers (Risalah) Akirah Belief in the Last Day and life after death 5. Belief in the Last Day (Akirah) 6. Belief in life after death (Akirah) Shari’ah The holy law of Islam which covers all aspects of life Sources of Wisdom and Authority – The first five beliefs are based on Qur’anic verses such as “Whoever disbelieveth in God and His angels and His Scriptures and His Imamah/Imam Belief in the successors of Muhammad (pbuh) messengers and the Last Day, he verily wandered far stray.” (4:136) imam Prayer leader for Sunni Muslims “It is righteousness to believe in God and the Last Day and the Angels and the Book and the Messengers.” (2:177) “The man of faith. Each one believeth in God and His angels, His books and His apostles.” The five roots in Shi’a Islam (Usul ad-din) – The bases of Shi’a faith are: 1. Belief in the oneness of Allah (Tawhid) (2:285) 2. Belief in Allah’s justice (Adalat) The full six beliefs are based on a hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh): 3. Belief in Allah’s prophets from Adam to Muhammad (pbuh) (Nubuwwah) “A man came up to Muhammad and said: ‘Prophet of Allah tell me what is Iman (faith)?’ 4. Belief in the successors of Muhammad (imamah) Upon this the Holy Prophet replied, ‘You must believe on Allah, his angels, his holy books, 5. Belief in the Day of Judgement, with judgement being based on believing his Messengers, in the Last Day and life after death.’” (Kitab al-iman 1:4) in the five roots and following the Shi’a Shari’ah (law) Importance - very important to Sunni Muslims because: Sources of Wisdom and Authority – • Tawhid shows that Muslims believe that there is one God who is creator, all-powerful Qur’anic quote: “Say, ‘He is God, the One and Only, God the Eternal , the and all-present who is the same God that Jews and Christians worship. Absolute; He begetteth not nor is He begotten; and there is none like unto • Believing in angels shows that Muslims believe that God can communicate with Him.’” (Surah 112) Shi’a Hadith quote: “whoever knows not the Imam of his age dies the death of a humans using His special beings. heathen.” • Believing in the prophets of God shows Muslims believe that Islam is the first and final Importance - very important to Shi’a Muslims because: religion (Adam to Muhammad (pbuh)). • They are the basis for Shi’a faith. • Believing in the holy books shows that Muslims believe God sent books to show • They show what a person must believe in order to be consider a Muslim by humans what to believe and how to live. Muslims believe the Qur’an is the final and Shi’a Muslims. correct word of God. • Based on Qur’an and the teachings of the Twelve Imams. • Believing in Akirah is important for Muslims because believing Allah will judge them • Shi’a Muslims believe that if they are not believed and understood then on the Last Day effects how a Muslim lives their life – heaven or hell are believed to they are not able to perform acts of worship necessary to live the Muslim be a result of this judgement. life and ensure they go to heaven. The five roots for Shi’a Muslim communities today – The six beliefs for Muslim communities today – • There are different sects within Shi’a Islam which interpret the five roots in • Most Sunni Muslims believe all people are created equal in the sight of Allah, which different ways. In particular root 4 has different levels of importance for means that humanity should be respected and no one should be judged. different Shi’a sects • There are no priests or holy people with special authority for Sunni Muslims. Twelvers – believe in 12 Imams and all five roots • Sunni Muslims believe that they are born without sin. It is only after the age of Ismaili Shi’as – believe in first 7 Imams (seveners) puberty that Sunni Muslims believe that they can be held responsible for knowingly Nizari Khoja – believe in a line of Imams continued from 7th committing sins. Salvation in Islam comes from believing in the six beliefs and living Imam the way set out by Islam. Druze – believe in reincarnation and different Imams • Sunni Muslims accept four of the five roots of Shi’a Islam (1, 2, 3 & 5) Ahmadiyya – accept the Sunni six beliefs and that their founder, Mirza Ahmad, received a special message Year 10 RE Knowledge Organiser: Muslim Beliefs Key Terms Definitions The Nature of Allah Allah Arabic for God There is no plural for Allah which highlights that Muslims believe in Allah’s oneness (Tawhid). Muslims believe the characteristics of Allah are found in the Qur’an (the direct Why the characteristics of Allah are important for Muslims word of Allah). The Qur’an includes 99 names for Allah, these include: the creator; the Tawhid Ever-providing; the Tremendous; the All-seeing; the Bestower; the Judge and the All- There is only one God who created everything. If God created everything knowing. Many Muslims remind themselves of the 99 names of Allah using a rosary of 33 Muslims must try to preserve the oneness of the world he has created. The or 99 beads. Muslim community must itself be one entity (ummah). There can only be one Oneness (Tawid) law for Muslims – Allah’s law (Shari’ah). Muslims must only worhsip Allah. This is the basis of Islam, as the first part of the Muslim creed (shahadah, the first pillar) Omnipotence states, “I bear witness that there is no god, but God/Allah.” Allah is believed to be the Allah is in complete control, a plan for the world and the power to make sure creator of everything since he is the only God. It also means that Allah must be all- that plan happens. A part of this plan is for the Last Day. powerful and in control of everything and that Allah must be present in the universe He Benevolence has created. If God is compassionate and forgiving then Muslims should act in the same way “And verily, We have sent among every nation a Messenger proclaiming: ‘Worship Allah and forgive others. Alone, and avoid all false deities.’” (Surah 16:36) Justice Omnipotence The Qur’an teaches that God is just and will reward the good and punish the Two of the 99 names of Allah are: ‘the Absolute’ and ‘the All-powerful’ and it is a bad so Muslims need to work for justice so that they are not punished on the fundamental belief that Allah has complete power. Islam means submission to God’s will Last Day. If Muslims want to be treated justly by Allah they must treat others and Muslims are those who have submitted to Allah because he is so great (all-powerful). fairly too. Muslims can do this by making sure that all people have equal rights Allah’s omnipotence also implies his omniscience as ‘the All-knowing’. and sharing the earth’s resources (zakah). Beneficence and mercy Transcendence Every surah except Surah 9 begins with the bismillah: “In the name of Allah, Most This shows Muslims that Allah should be worshipped, that Allah is greater than Gracious, Most Merciful,” This shows that Allah is good, king and loving to his creation. anything else and that Allah is not restricted by anything. Muslims believe that Allah sent prophets to show humans how to live their lives in the Immanence best way so that they would go to heaven. The Qur’an teaches that humans are not This shows that Allah is within the universe he has created and so science and perfect and will be forgiven by Allah when they make mistakes by doing things like learning can comprehend Allah. Allah can be contacted by humans. Allah is fasting in Ramadan and going on pilgrimage (Hajj). present for religious activities such as prayer (salah). Justice Allah is described in the Qur’an as ‘the All-just’. Justice means fairness and the maintenance of what is right. Muslims believe that Allah created the world in a just way. They believe that the universe works according to laws established by Allah and the way it operates is fair and just. Allah has designed the world to provide a fair life to people. Sharia’ah law is also a means of justice to ensure that humans deal fairly and justly with each other. Also Muslims believe that at the end of the world Allah will judge everyone justly. The good will be rewarded and the evil punished. Transcendence Allah is totally beyond the material world and so beyond human experience as is shown in the names ‘the Greatest’, ‘the Highest’, ‘the Glorious’, ‘the Supreme One’, and ‘the Magnificent’. Immanence Allah is also immanent – he is close to humans and can be contacted. “We are nearer to man than his jugular vein.” (Surah 50:16). Year 10 RE Knowledge Organiser: Muslim Beliefs Key Terms Definitions Risalah (Prophets) Hawwa The first woman, Adam’s wife (Eve) The Nature of Prophets Muslims believe that Allah created humans to look after the earth (Allah’s Khalifahs or vicegerents) Makkah The city on Arabia where Muhammad (pbuh) was born and humans need prophets to know how to do this.
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