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Wi-Fi MESH NETWORK : SURVEY of EXISTING WIRELESS NETWORK

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Wi-Fi MESH NETWORK : SURVEY of EXISTING WIRELESS NETWORK Project Report On WiFi Based Embedded System Development For Wireless Multimedia Campus Network By Aparna Anand(200412024) Arunabh Mishra(200412026) Atul Dwivedy(200412031) Esha Goel(200412051) Niharika (200412084) Tanzoom Akhtar(200412131) Umang Chittlangia(200412134) In partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of degree in Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and communication Engineering (2007-08) Under the Project Guidance of Dr. (Prof.) R. N. Bera HOD, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 35 SIKKIM MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MAJITAR, RANGPO, EAST SIKKIM – 737132 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SIKKIM MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A constitute institute of SMU - Deemed University) MAJITAR – 737 132, SIKKIM, INDIA JUNE – 2008 Wi-fi MESH NETWORK: SURVEY OF EXISTING WIRELESS NETWORK A project report submitted to SIKKIM MANIPAL UNIVERSITY (SMU - Deemed University) For Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING by APARNA ANAND Reg. No. 200412023 Final Year B. Tech 36 ARUNABH MISHRA Reg. No. 200412025 Final Year B. Tech ATUL DWIVEDY Reg. No. 200412031 Final Year B. Tech ESHA GOEL Reg. No. 200412051 Final Year B. Tech NIHARIKA Reg. No. 200412084 Final Year B. Tech TANZOOM AKHTAR Reg. No. 200412131 Final Year B. Tech UMANG CHITTLANGIA Reg. No. 200412134 Final Year B. Tech . Under the Guidance of Dr. (Prof.) R. N. BERA HOD, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 37 SIKKIM MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A constitute institute of SMU - Deemed University) MAJITAR – 737 132 DEPARTMENT OF ELECRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 38 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project titled ―WiFi Based Embedded System Development For Wireless Multimedia Campus Network” is a bonafied work of APARNA ANAND 200412023 ARUNBH MISHRA 200412026 ATUL DWIVEDY 200412031 ESHA GOEL 200412051 NIHARIKA 200412084 TANZOOM AKHTAR 200412131 UMANG CHITTLANGIA 200412134 carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirements for awarding the degree of Bachelor of Engineering under Sikkim Manipal University(SMU – Deemed University), Sikkim during the academic year 2007 – 2008. Dr. (Prof.) R . N. Bera Dr. (Prof.) R .N . Bera HOD, E & C dept HOD Project Guide E & C department 39 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………… i ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………. ii OBJECTIVES…………………………………………………………… iii TECHNOLOGY TRENDS LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………….. iv ABBREVIATIONS ……………………………………………………. v SURVEY OF WMCN IN SMIT AND DESIGN STRATEGY LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………….. vi LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………… viii ABBREVIATIONS ……………………………………………………. ix IEEE 802.11s IMPLEMENTATION OF WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA CAMPUS NETWORK LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………….. xii LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………… xv ABBREVIATIONS ……………………………………………………. xvi APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR WMN LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………….. xviii LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………… xx ABBREVIATIONS ……………………………………………………. xxi 40 CHAPTER 1 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS 1.0 Technology trends……………………………………………….1 1.1 Wireless distribution system…………………………………….1 1.1.1 Repeater WDS link……………………………………………...2 1.1.2 Wireless bridge………………………………………………….3 1.1.3 Wireless repeater………………………………………………..5 1.2 WiMAX technology…………………………………………….6 1.2.1 Intel‘s integrated Wi-fi/WiMAX new technology…………….7 1.2.2 Cost effective architecture……………………………………...8 1.2.3 MIMO powered high throughput………………………………8-9 1.2.4 Flexible radio frequency band support………………………...9 1.3 Single radio, Dual radio and Multi radio wireless mesh networks11 1.3.1 Capacity of Wireless Mesh networks………………………….12 1.3.2 Single radio Wireless mesh……………………………………14 1.3.3 Dual radio Wireless mesh……………………………………..16 1.3.4 Multi radio Wireless mesh…………………………………….17 1.3.5 Advantages of multi radio mesh approach……………………19 1.3.6 Examples WiMAX/Wi-fi multi band dual radio………………20 1.3.7 Conclusion…………………………………………………….26 1.4 Motivation……………………………………………………..27 1.4.1 Case 1:AirJaldi, Dharamsala…………………………………..27 1.4.2 Case 2:Nepal wireless project…………………………………28 1.4.3 Case 3:Africa………………………………………………….30 41 1.4.4 Case 4:California……………………………………………...32 SURVEY OF WMCN IN SMIT AND DESIGN STRATEGY CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Building LAN………………………………………………………35 1.1.1 Wired Technology…………………………………………………36 1.1.2 Wireless Technology……………………………………...............38 1.1.3 Wired vs Wireless …..……. ……………………………………...41 1.2 Typical WLAN Installation……. ………………………………..41 CHAPTER 2 Wi-fi 2.1 IEEE 802.11 Architecture…………………………………………45 2.2 IEEE 802.11 Standards…………………………………………....47 2.2.1 IEEE 802.11b………………………………..…………………..... 48 2.2.2 IEEE 802.11a……………………………………………………...50 2.2.3 IEEE 802.11g……………………………………………………..51 2.3 Competing Technologies to IEEE 802.11……………………..52 2.3.1 HiperLAN2…………………………………………………...52 2.3.2 HomeRF…………………………………………………………...53 CHAPTER 3 CONSIDERATIONS IN CELL DESIGN 3.1 Protocols……………………………………………………...55 42 3.1.1 IEEE 802.11b…………………………………………………55 3.1.2 IEEE 802.11a…………………………………………………56 3.1.3 IEEE 802.11g………………………………………………...56 3.2 Making a choice……………………………………………...58 3.3 Site survey…………………………………………………...58 3.3.1 Outdoor site survey………………………………………….58 3.3.2 Indoor site survey……………………………………………58 3.4 Frequency allocation………………………………………...59 3.5 Equipment Selection…………………………………………59 3.5.1 Buy the right AP…………………………………………….59. 3.5.2 Using two antennas for diversity……………………………..59 3.6 Link Budget…………………………………………………..60 3.7 Gains………………………………………………………….60 3.8 Different losses……………………………………………….60 3.9 Considerations in AP deployment……………………………61 3.9.1 From Coverage perspective……………………………………62 3.9.2 From Capacity perspective…………………………………….62 CHAPTER 4 RANGE 4.1 Factors affecting range………………………………………….64 4.2 RF components…………………………………………………65 4.2.1 Antennas……………………………………………………….65 43 4.2.2 Sensitive Receivers…………………………………………….68 4.2.3 Amplifiers……………………………………………………..68 4.3 Single AP(covering large area)…………………………………68 4.4 Extending WLAN range with repeaters………………………..69 4.5 Importance of unobstructed LoS in Wi-fi……………………...70 CHAPTER 5 IMPLEMENTATION OF WMCN IN SMIT 5.1 Typical Deployment process…………………………………...74 5.2 Mode and Network topology…………………………………..75 5.3 Frequency band………………………………………………...77 5.4 Layout planning………………………………………………..78 5.4.1 Coverage planning……………………………………………..78 5.4.2 Capacity planning……………………………………………...78 5.5 Channel assignment……………………………………………81 CHAPTER 6 SURVEY OF EXISTING WMN IN SMIT 6.1 Factors considered during the survey…………………………….82 6.1.1 Fading…………………………………………………………….82 6.2 Software used…………………………………………………….84 6.2.1 NetStumbler v 0.4.0………………………………………………84 6.3 Survey detail………………………………………………………86 44 CHAPTER 7 DESIGN OF WMN IN SMIT 7.1 Introduction of Wireless Mesh network…………………………93 7.2 Characteristics of WMN…………………………………………94 7.3 Critical factors influencing network performance……………….95 7.4 Description of existing WMN……………………………………98 7.5 Problems in existing WMN………………………………………100 CHAPTER 8 DESIGNING WMN IN SMIT 8.1 Factors while designing the layout………………………………..101 8.1.1 Antenna Type……………………………………………………..101 8.1.2 Area to be covered………………………………………………..104 8.1.3 Range of antenna…………………………………………………105 8.1.4 Gain of antenna…………………………………………………..105 8.1.5 Number of antennas………………………………………………105 8.1.6 Interference problems…………………………………………….105 8.1.7 Height of antennas………………………………………………..105 8.1.8 Antenna efficiency………………………………………………106 8.2 Layout……………………………………………………………106 8.3 Conclusion………………………………………………………. 111 CHAPTER 9 CANTENNA 9.1 Introduction…………………………………………………….112 9.2 Interference, Health and Security concerns…………………….115 45 9.3 Simple antenna theory………………………………………….116 9.3.1 Basic concepts………………………………………………….116 9.3.2 Modulation…………………………………………………….117 9.3.3 Why modulation……………………………………………….120 9.4 Working principle……………………………………………..121 9.4.1 Apparatus required…………………………………………….121 9.4.2 Softwares used………………………………………………...122 9.4.3 Construction…………………………………………………..122 9.4.4 Procedure……………………………………………………..129 9.5 Observations…………………………………………………..137 9.6 Safety measures……………………………………………….139 9.7 Advantages…………………………………………………….139 9.8 Disadvantages…………………………………………………140 IEEE 802.11s IMPLEMENTATION OF WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA CAMPUS NETWORK CHAPTER 1 WIRELESS MESH NETWORK 1.1 Wireless Mesh network……………………………………….146 1.2 Network architecture…………………………………………148 1.2.1 Infrastructure Mode…………………………………………..149 1.2.2 Client Mode…………………………………………………..150 46 1.2.3 Hybrid Mode………………………………………………….151 1.3 Characteristics of WMN………………………………………152 1.4 Application scenario…………………………………………..155 1.4.1 Broadband Home networking………………………………..155 1.4.2 Community and neighbourhood networking………………...156 1.4.3 Enterprise networking……………………………………….158 1.4.4 Metropolitan area networking………………………………159 1.4.5 Transport systems……………………………………………160 1.4.6 Building automation…………………………………………161 1.4.7 Security surveillance system………………………………...162 1.5 Comparison with existing technologies……………………..163 1.5.1 Mesh vs Adhoc networks……………………………………163 1.5.2 Mesh vs Sensor networks……………………………………164 1.5.3 WLAN coverage…………………………………………….164 1.6 Mesh implementation model…………………………………165 1.6.1 Marginal S/N…………………………………………………165 1.6.2 Long bursts of interference due to devices working in same spectrum………………………………………………...165 1.6.3 Short bursts of interference due to concurrent sends from other router………………………………………………166 1.6.4 Multipath interference…………………………………………167 47 CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 2.1
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