French Americana with a Special Section of 18Th-Century French Caribbean Imprints

Home , Americans in France, French period, John Montresor, La Boudeuse (painting), Louis Thomassin, Order of Lafayette

catalogue three hundred thirty-two French Americana with a Special Section of 18th-Century French Caribbean Imprints

William Reese Company 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511

(203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue is devoted to the French in the New World. The first part of the catalogue is arranged alphabetically and consists of travel narratives, beginning with Champlain and Sagard in 17th-century Canada; early Caribbean settlement, with Biet and Duterte; the exploration of North America, with Tonti, Hennepin, and Joutel; the founding of Louisiana, with various governmental decrees; and with many important treaties affecting American possessions. It also includes much material on the French in the American Revolution and later travellers from Crevecoeur to Du Pont to Tocqueville. The second part of the catalogue, beginning with item 130 and arranged chronologically, contains a remarkable assemblage of 18th-century imprints from the French Caribbean. These begin on Martinique as early as 1764, and include some thirty items from Saint Domingue spanning 1767 to 1793.

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On the cover: 91. [New York]: Habermann, François Xavier: L’Entre Triumphale de Troupes Royales a Nouvelle Yorck. Augsburg. [1776]. A Fundamental Work of Great Rarity on the American Revolution: The First Continental Printings of Common Sense, the Declaration of Independence, and the Articles of Confederation, Greatly Influenced by Franklin

1. [American Revolution]: [Genêt, Edmé-Jacques, editor]: AFFAIRES DE L’ANGLETERRE ET DE L’AMÉRIQUE. Antwerp [i.e. Paris]. 1776- 1779. Fourteen volumes (of fifteen) in eleven. Complete collation available upon request. Contemporary French half calf and boards, spines gilt, leather labels. Spines professionally restored, some neatly repaired. Light wear to corners and boards. Light scattered foxing to text. In a cloth slipcase. Overall, a very good copy of a rare set.

A monumental and fundamentally important set of documents tracing the early course of the American Revolution and events on the North American continent. Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique contains among the earliest, and in some cases the first, European printings of many of the most basic documents in American history, including the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, the Articles of Confederation, and several state constitutions. The series was produced by the French government in order to inform the French public of the origins and course of the American Revolution, and to build and justify support among the French aristocracy and bureaucracy for an eventual Franco-American alliance. With the crucial editorial assistance of Benjamin Franklin and John Adams, the Affaires... helped accomplish this goal, as well as providing the French people with their first taste of American democratic philosophy. Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique, though bearing an Antwerp imprint, was actually produced by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was available from the French bookseller, Pissot. The false imprint and the anonymity maintained by the editor served to hide the fact that it was issued by the French government and helped maintain a facade of impartiality. The first issue appeared on May 4, 1776, and publication proceeded through October 1779. The series was edited by Edmé- Jacques Genêt, chief interpreter to the French Foreign Minister, Charles Gravier, the Comte de Vergennes. Genêt was the father of Edmund Charles “Citizen” Genêt, who later caused so much discord in French-American relations during his tenure as minister plenipotentiary to the United States in the 1790s. Edmé-Jacques Genêt produced a similar journal during the French and Indian War, using correspondents in Britain, Spain, and the German states to gather news and information on events in the various fields of battle. He called upon some of those same sources, and cultivated American contacts as well, for Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique. Chief among Genêt’s American sources was Benjamin Franklin, who arrived in Paris on Dec. 21, 1776, as one of the American representatives seeking an alliance with France. Among the first documents Franklin provided to Genêt was a copy of John Dickinson’s draft of the Articles of Confederation. In the United States these were still secret documents which had only circulated in committee in the Continental Congress. The Articles were translated in full and appear in the Dec. 27, 1776 edition of the Affaires..., constituting “the first unrestricted publication in any language of the Articles of Confederation” (Echeverria). Franklin also provided Genêt with American newspapers, copies of his own correspondence, and old essays, all documenting the development of the rift between Great Britain and her American colonies in a light very favorable to the colonists. Franklin also contrib- uted an original essay, Comparison of Great Britain and America as to Credit, in 1777, to Genêt’s journal (printed in the Oct. 18, 1777 “Banker’s Letter”). John Adams arrived in Paris in the spring of 1778, and was also very active in supplying Genêt with newspapers, copies of his own letters, and rebuttals to British propaganda. Laura Anne Bédard, a recent student of Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique, notes that the journal took a markedly pro-American tinge once Franklin began his contributions. This emphasis carried through the negotiation of the Franco- American Treaty of Amity and Commerce, all the way to the end of the journal’s publication in October 1779. With such well placed American contacts, it is not surprising that Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique contains some of the earliest appearances of many of the basic works of the Revolutionary era. The number of important publications contained in the journal is nevertheless remarkable. The publication of John Dick- inson’s draft of the Articles of Confederation has already been mentioned. The Declaration of Independence appears in the Aug. 16, 1776 issue of the Affaires... (in the “Banker’s Letter”) and is the first European printing of that landmark document, preceding other French and British printings by one to two weeks. Durand Echeverria mistakenly identifies a printing of the Declaration in the Aug. 30, 1776 edition of the Gazette de Leyde as the first French translation, missing its appearance a full two weeks earlier in the Affaires.... Thomas Paine’s incredibly influential and wildly popular Common Sense was the first purely political essay published in the Affaires..., appearing in the issue of June 15, 1776. It does not appear in a word-for-word translation, but Genêt reprinted the majority of Paine’s text, summarizing the sections he excluded. Gimbel notes only one other French language printing of Common Sense in 1776, bearing a Rotterdam imprint. This is almost certainly its first continental appearance. Genêt also printed several state constitutions as soon as they became available, usually supplied by Franklin and translated by the Duc de la Rochefoucauld d’Enville. The Affaires... includes the first European printings of the constitutions of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Virginia. Echeverria notes that the two earliest separate French publications printing American constitutions, appearing in 1778, were word-for-word copies, including footnotes, from Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique. In the Oct. 2, 1778 issue Genêt reproduced the full text of the Franco-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce, concluded the previous February and not yet ratified. Echeverria accurately calls the Affaires... one of the two “most important publications of American political documents in France during the American war.” Along with these vital documents, Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique is filled with thousands of pages of fascinating documents tracing the development of the conflict between Great Britain and her American colonies, and following the actual course of the war. Most issues contain two sections, a “Journal” devoted to the latest news from abroad, and a section of commentary in the form of a “Letter From a London Banker,” actually written by Genêt himself. The Journal sections contain excerpts from newspapers, periodicals, and other reports on military campaigns (including letters from British, German, and American soldiers), debates in the British parliament, and accounts of British finances. Included are discussions of British troop strength and reports from numerous British government ministers and parliamentarians including Pitt, Grenville, Burke, Wilkes, and North, among several others. Many of the documents are included in order to gauge British political and popular support for operations in North America, and to discern British financial strength. The contents cover the full range of affairs in North America, from naval strength to Hessian activities, battlefield reports, Indian loyalties, and Canadian affairs. The information is presented in an impartial and balanced manner, with little editorial comment. The pro-American bias comes through, however, in the commentary section in which Genêt, in the guise of the “British banker,” transmits opinions on the history and course of the conflict. This section includes political documents and essays, expanded by Genêt’s editorial notes. It is in the “Banker’s Letters” that Common Sense is excerpted and the Declaration of Independence printed. It also marks the first French appearance of British dissenter Richard Price’s important work, Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty, in which he supports American independence. Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique was issued intermittently in parts. It can be bound in a varying number of volumes, and bibliographer Paul L. Ford calls it “one of the most intricate and puzzling studies in collation.” Howes notes that sets are made up of “twenty-four parts divided into fifteen volumes,” but are usually bound in seventeen volumes. Sabin concurs on twenty-four parts, while LeClerc catalogued an incomplete set of only thirteen parts. Ford throws out the notion of “parts” entirely, giving a complete collation in fifteen volumes. Obadiah Rich asserts that the series was “an imitation or translation of Almon’s Remembrancer,” but Sabin and Howes both correctly refute this utterly incorrect notion. Howes calls it a “counterpart” to the Remembrancer, while Sabin notes that it is “quite different” from Almon’s work. As we have noted, it is a wholly original collection of documents, assembled to provide close reports on the progress of the American Revolution and to pave the way toward the French alliance with the rebellious Americans. The present set is a nearly complete run of Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique, containing some ninety-five percent of the entire text. It lacks one volume late in the series, identified as the fifteenth volume in Ford’s collation. Several of the indexes are also lacking, as are two small sections of text earlier in the series. As Bédard notes, however, 1779 constituted the waning days of the Affaires..., and most of the information in the final volumes is made up of accounts of French and Spanish military affairs, and they contain little in the way of significant American documentary material. This is only the third copy that we have seen of this extremely rare set. There are complete sets at the University of Virginia, the Library of Congress, the Biblio- thèque Nationale, the John Carter Brown Library, and Yale. Paul Ford, in his 1889 article on the work, located incomplete sets at Harvard, Massachusetts Historical Society, the Department of State, New York State Library, Thomas Crane Public Library in Quincy, Massachusetts (which has John Adams’ incomplete set), and one in a private collection. Many of these are no longer at these locations (for example, the New York State Library set was probably destroyed in their 1911 fire, the State Department Library has been dispersed, etc.). “So little known, that no satisfactory account of it exists” – JCB. “Essential for the Revolutionary period” – Sabin. “Of singular importance for the history of the period covered; but, owing to its rarity, and to the extreme bibliographical confusion in its parts and volumes, it has been singularly neglected as historical material” – Larned. “Collection des plus impor- tantes pour la periode de la revolution des Etats-Unis” – LeClerc. A rare and fundamentally important collection of documents on the early years of the American Revolution, in many cases containing the earliest European printings of several iconic works of American history. HOWES A85, “b.” LeCLERC 2464. SABIN 491. JCB 1(III):2185. FORD, FRANKLIN BIBLIOGRAPHY 326. LARNED 1210. Laura Anne Bédard, Les Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique: A French Journal Covering the American Revolution from France (Unpublished Master’s Thesis, 1986), especially chapters 2 and 3 and appendices. Durand Echeverria, “French Publications of the Declaration of Independence and the American Constitutions, 1776-1783” in Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, Vol. 47, pp.313-38. Paul Leicester Ford, “Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique” in Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 1889, pp.222-26 has the clearest collation. Will Slauter, “Constructive Misreadings: Adams, Turgot, and the American State Constitutions” in Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, Vol. 105, No. 1, pp.33-68. $60,000.

The Americans and the French Agree to Privateering Together

2. [American Revolution]: REGLEMENT CONCERNANT LES PRIS- ES QUE DES CORSAIRES FRANCOIS CONDUIRONT DANS LES PORTS DES ÉTATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE; & CELLES QUE LES CORSAIRES AMÉRICAINS AMENERONT DANS LES PORTS DE FRANCE. DU 27 SEPTEMBRE 1778. Paris: L’Imprimerie Royale, 1778. 8pp. Quarto. Bright and clean. Very good. Unopened and untrimmed.

Describes the agreement between the United States and France by which Ameri- can privateers can bring their prizes into French ports and the French can enter American ports. Agreed to on Sept. 27, 1778, this was another aspect of the swiftly burgeoning Franco-American cooperation. Scarce. MAGGS, FRENCH COLONISATION OF AMERICA 601. WROTH, ACTS OF FRENCH COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION 1914. $2000.

Why France Went to War in 1778

3. [American Revolution]: EXPOSÉ DES MOTIFS DE LA CON- DUITE DU ROI, RELATIVEMENT À L’ANGLETERRE [caption title]. Paris: P.G. Simon, 1779. 8pp. Quarto. 20th-century marbled wrappers. Minor wear to wrappers. Minor foxing in text. Very good. In a red morocco and cloth folder.

Scarce account of French motivations for joining with the rebellious American colonies and going to war against Great Britain during the American Revolution, published the same year as the first official issue. The French decision to aid the Americans, facilitated by Benjamin Franklin’s artful diplomacy in Paris, was a tipping point in the movement for American independence. Two additional editions with this title were also printed in 1779, followed by six additional works the same year with similar title but varying content (including three with French and Spanish in parallel columns, and at least two with additional text by Edward Gibbon refuting the French arguments). English and Spanish translations of the exposé des motifs were also published in 1779. STREETER SALE 792 (official issue). MAGGS, FRENCH COLONISATION OF AMERICA 602. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE 779/40. $1250. Regulations for the French Troops in America Under Rochambeau

4. [American Revolution]: ORDONNANCE DU ROI, POUR RÉGLER LE TRAITEMENT DES TROUPES DESTINÉES A UNE EX- PÉDITION PARTICULIÈRE. Paris: d’Imprimerie Royale, 1780. 15pp. Quarto. Dbd. Minor toning. Near fine.

The regulations for Rochambeau’s forces in America, issued at Versailles on March 20, 1780. The destination of the expedition outlined in the regulations is never stated, since the French sought to give the impression it was bound for the West Indies. The extremely detailed document describes the makeup of the regiments, with details of pay, rations, and the like. Scarce, with only seven copies located in OCLC. WROTH, FRENCH ACTS OF COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION 1932. MAGGS, FRENCH COLONIZATION OF AMERICA 605. $2750.

The Official Proclamation by France of the Treaty of Paris, 1783

5. [American Revolution]: [Treaty of Paris]: ORDONNANCE DU ROI, POUR LA PUBLICATION DE LA PAIX [caption title]. Paris: L’Imprimerie Royale, Nov. 3, 1783. Broadsheet, 11¾ x 7¾ inches. Very good.

The first printing of the official French proclamation of “bonne, ferme, stable & solide” peace between France and Great Britain, bringing an end to the war of the American Revolution and warfare in other colonies and Europe. Although a preliminary peace had been negotiated in Paris as of Nov. 30, 1782, with an armistice in effect as of Jan. 20, 1783, the final treaty took many more months to conclude, both because of last minute wrangling over fishing rights on the Grand Banks and delays in Trans-Atlantic ratification. The final treaties between France, England, and the United States were officially proclaimed on Nov. 3, 1783, the date this proclamation was issued. $3500.

6. Azara, Felix de: VOYAGES DANS L’AMÉRIQUE MÉRIDIONALE, PAR DON FÉLIX DE AZARA...DEPUIS 1781 JUSQU’EN 1801.... Paris. 1809. Four volumes of text plus atlas. lx,389; [4],562pp. plus three folding tables; [4],ii,479; [4],380pp. Atlas: [4]pp. plus twenty-five maps and plates. Octavo text volumes: Contemporary tree calf, ornately gilt, leather labels. Minor wear to bindings, some minor scattered foxing. Folio atlas: Original blue paper boards, printed paper label. Slight splitting to paper on lower spine, corners slightly bumped. Internally clean and fresh, near fine.

An important work by Spanish naturalist Felix de Azara (1746-1821). Azara, a military officer, was part of a delegation to settle the boundary dispute between Spain and Portugal in the Rio de la Plata region. He was in the region for twenty years, from 1781 to 1801, documenting the wildlife, natives, and geography of the area. This work is the culmination of his time there, published upon his return to Europe. The handsome atlas shows animal plates, views, and several large maps. PALAU 20975. SABIN 2541. $12,000.

A Classic of Early Canada, With Many Plates and Maps

7. Bacqueville De La Potherie, Claude Charles Leroy: HISTOIRE DE L’AMERIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE. Paris: Jean-Luc Nion and François Didot, 1722 [vols. 1-3]; 1721 [vol. 4]. Four volumes. Titles in red and black. [12],10,15-370,[4]; [2],356,[8]; [12],310,[6]; [2],271,[5]pp., with errors in pagination as issued. Frontispiece additional engraved title by I.B. Scotin, twenty-eight engraved plates and maps (twelve folding), including a double- sided plate of music. 12mo. 19th-century roan-backed mottled boards, spine gilt. Very good. Provenance: Society of Jesus, Leyden (stamps on titles).

Rare first edition of an important illustrated contemporary history of the Indian nations in Canada and their relations with the French, including among the earliest printed views in Canada. Claude-Charles Le Roy de la Potherie, also called Bacqueville de la Potherie, arrived in New France in 1698 as comptroller of the Marine and of the fortifications in Canada. His work, published some twenty years before Charlevoix’s great history, provides an eyewitness account and historical record of the region. “Bacqueville’s account is in the form of letters, one of them describing the Cartier expedition and summarizing the next century and a half, but the history is mostly of the administrations of Frontenac, De la Barre, and Denonville, and as such is a contemporary account of that great period. The work contains much on the relations of New France with the English colonies and with the Indians” – Streeter. The first volume includes a detailed account of the capture of Fort Nelson. “His letters on the governments of Quebec, Trois-Rivieres, and Montreal offer a fairly complete picture of Canada. The descriptions of places and of the settlers’ way of life, the notes on individuals, the statistics on population and sources of revenue show that nothing escaped La Potherie’s attention and that he wanted his readers to be well informed” – CNB. The second volume is devoted to descriptions of the principal Indian nations and their relations with the French. The author relied on information from Louis Jolliet, the Jesuit missionaries, and Nicolas Perrot, and includes information provided to him verbally and not found in other accounts. The remaining two volumes are devoted the Iroquois wars and of the peace discussions which led to the general treaty of 1701, including extracts from the speeches to the chiefs of the various nations. Among the illustrations are a prospect of Quebec, a view of the taking of Fort Nelson, images of fur traders and Indians, and three folding engraved maps of Hudson Bay, Montreal, and La Nouvelle France. Although described by Sabin as “the earliest views taken in Canada” they are preceded by those of Champlain and Lahontan. Nevertheless, the engravings provide the best, and arguably most accurate, iconography of the customs and costume of early Native American culture in Canada. As noted by TPL and OCLC, although the first volume contains a gap in pagination between pages 10 and 15, the text is continuous and was issued with at least one cancelled leaf between; the gap in pagination, without the cancelled printer’s error, is found in most extant examples. HOWES B23. FIELD 66. LANDE 21. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 722/10. SABIN 2692. TPL 131 (1753 ed). STREETER SALE I:120. RICH I:31. BOUCHER VI:22. SIEBERT SALE 11. GRAFF 133. BELL B2. JONES 413. LeCLERC 98. BRUNET 28506. $12,000. Modeled on Poor Richard 8. [Barbeu-Dubourg, Jacques]: CALENDRIER DE PHILADELPHIE, OU CONSTITUTIONS DE SANCHO-PANÇA ET DU BON- HOMME RICHARD, EN PENSYLVANIE. [Paris? 1778]. xxx,118pp. Half title. 12mo. Contemporary mottled calf, gilt-lettered spine. Slightly rubbed. Contemporary bookplate on front pastedown; old library markings and stamp of the Bibliothèque du Tribunal on verso of titlepage. Internally bright and clean. Very good. Second and expanded issue, after the first of 1777, of this close imitation of Benja- min Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanac, written by an intimate of Franklin. Barbeu- DuBourg, a doctor and botanist, was one of the first to befriend Franklin when he arrived in France. His ideological similarities to Franklin ran deep. He edited the early French editions of Franklin’s works, translated the works of John Dickinson, and until replaced by Beaumarchais, he served as commercial agent for America. The present work is divided into three parts. The first two parts, an introduction by “Sancho Panca” and a fictional conversation between Mistress Rachel, Sir Thomas, Le Bon-Homme Richard, and Sancho Panca, are new to this issue (pp. xxx, 6). The third part, which originally comprised the whole of the first issue, is an almanac-like “Calendrier” (pp.7-118), full of political and social observation, including several references to America, Indians, liberty, and American Independence. The “Intro- duction” and “Conversation” between Sancho Panca, Le Bon-Homme Richard, et al, which mixes thoughts on the American and French Enlightenment, make this popular little book significant for the spread of liberal American ideas in Europe. In some copies the three preliminary leaves of the original “Calendrier,” including the 1777 titlepage, are retained; here they are excised as issued. A most important record of liberalism in France, by Franklin’s closest friend in Paris. SABIN 3335. GEPHART 12775. FAY, p.11. $1250.

Natural History of Guiana

9. Barrere, Pierre: ESSAI SUR L’HISTOIRE NATURELLE DE LA FRANCE EQUINOXIALE OU DE’NOMBREMENT DES PLAN- TES, DES ANIMAUX & DES MINÉRAUX, QUI SE TROUVENT DANS L’ISLE DE CAYENNE, LES ISLES DE REMIRE, SUR LES CÔTES DE LA MER, & DANS LE CONTINENT DE LA GUY- ANE.... Paris. 1741. xxiv,315 [i.e. 215],[7]pp. 12mo. Later three-quarter roan and marbled boards, spine gilt. Edges rubbed, spine repaired at head and tail. Very light scattered foxing, internally very clean. Very good, with modern bookplate of Col. Philippe Milon on front pastedown.

An alphabetical listing of the plants, minerals, and animal life of Guiana, much rarer than Barrere’s other work about his travels there. Entries include French, Latin, and Indian names as well as providing explanations of significance and uses. This copy belonged to Col. Philippe Milon, a 20th-century ornithologist, author, and activist against pollution of marine life. PRITZEL 425. SABIN 3603. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 1741/10. $2250.

Caricatures of the French Commissioners to the Centennial Exposition

10. Bartholdi, Frederic Auguste: EXPOSITION UNIVERSELLE DE PHILADELPHIE. L’ALBUM DU BORD GALERIE DE POR- TRAITS AUTHENTIQUES DES MEMBRES DU JURY FRAN- ÇAIS ET DE LEURS COMPAGNONS EMBARQUÉS SUR ET POUR “L’AMÉRIQUE” 1876. Paris. 1879. [6],[xi]-xiii,[1]pp. plus [30] color lithograph plates. Half title. Original blue cloth, stamped in black and gilt. Corners and spine lightly rubbed. Bookplate of Fernand J. Heitz on front pastedown. Inscribed by Bartholdi on the half title. Very minor soiling. Very good.

Pictorial album of the French commissioners to the Philadelphia Centen- nial Exposition. Each plate contains a caricature of a member of the Jury Français, together with a brief couplet describing the image – Bartholdi is featured in the first plate. Frederic Auguste Bartholdi (1834-1904) was a French sculptor who is best known for creating the Statue of Liberty. He was one of the commissioners for the French delegation to the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, where he exhibited several bronze statues. The book is inscribed by Bartholdi to Madame Sautelli, dated Oct. 24, 1883, in commemoration of the trip to America. Scarce, with three copies listed in OCLC: the Bibliothèque Nationale, the New York Public Library, and the Houghton Library at Harvard. A most unusual and rare piece. OCLC 465466290, 27024130. $4500.

Classic View of Louisiana

11. [Baudry Des Lozières, Louis N.]: VOYAGE A LA LOUISIANE, ET SUR LE CONTINENT DE L’AMÉRIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE, FAIT DANS LES ANNÉES 1794 A 1798; CONTENANT UN TAB- LEAU HISTORIQUE DE LA LOUISIANE... [with:] SECOND VOYAGE A LA LOUISIANE.... Paris. 1802-1803. Three volumes total. viii,382pp. plus folding map; [2],xvi,414,[1]; [4],410,[1]pp. Lacks folding table in third volume. Half title in each volume. Contemporary half calf and marbled boards, spines gilt, leather labels. Hinges cracked and worn, head and foot of each spine chipped. Some light scattered foxing to first volume, light dampstaining to upper corner of last few leaves. Map backed on later paper. Light age toning and foxing to second and third volumes. A service- able set. Good.

One of the classic early views of Louisiana at the beginning of the 19th century, together with the sequel work. It has been suggested that this work was written when it was first thought that Louisiana would be returned to France, in an effort to demonstrate its importance as a colony. While less a work of personal observation than a collection of contemporary data and reports, the text includes some discussion of Texas, the resident Indian tribes and their languages, accounts of slavery and colonial administration, etc. Second Voyage a la Louisiane has been overlooked or disregarded by most bibli- ographers, without justification as far as we can see. It contains further observations regarding the conditions in and situation of the French American colonies, including all of the West Indies but especially Louisiana, as well as “the military life of General Grondel, commander of the French armies in Louisiana, and his services against the English and Indians, &c.....” Also included is a quite extensive “Vocabulaire Congo” consisting of words and phrases of the dialect of the Congo, and a “Manuel Botanique” describing over 100 species of plants found in the region. A valuable narrative, apparently not listed in Taxonomic Literature. WAGNER-CAMP 1a, 2a. FIELD 99. CLARK II:76. HOWES B243, B242, “aa.” MONAGHAN 149, 150. PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS 319. STREETER SALE 1571. SABIN 3980. $1850.

The Rare First Edition

12. Beltrami, J.C.: LA DÉCOUVERTE DES SOURCES DU MISSIS- SIPPI ET DE LA RIVIERE SANGLANTE DESCRIPTION DU COURS ENTIER DU MISSISSIPPI...OBSERVATIONS CRITI- CO-PHILOSOPHIQUES, SUR LES MOEURS, LA RELIGION, LES SUPERSTITIONS, LES COSTUMES, LES ARMES, LES CHASSES, LA GUERRE, LA PAIX...DE PLUSIEURS NATIONS INDIENNES.... New Orleans: Benj. Levy, 1824. [8],327,[1]pp. plus errata slip. Original blue paper-covered boards, expertly rebacked, paper label. Very good. Untrimmed.

The rare first edition, in French, of this Italian explorer’s adventures in America. “[Beltrami] found his way to the upper reaches of the Mississippi River, where he joined an expedition led by Maj. Stephen Long. The latter wrote of him, ‘an Italian whom we met at Fort St. Anthony, attached himself to the expedition and accompanied us to Pembina.’ Beltrami subsequently traveled down the Mississippi to New Orleans” – Wagner-Camp. “He undertook a hazardous and lonely journey in his search for the sources of the Mississippi and other rivers, in which he claimed success” – Clark. An expanded English translation was printed in London in 1828, and included a folding map illustrating the routes travelled in America, detailing Beltrami’s view of the geography of the headwaters of the Mississippi. The inclusion of the map in the later edition was in response to the criticism the author received for not providing a map in this, the first edition of the work. WAGNER-CAMP 26a:1. JUMONVILLE 417. FIELD 110. HOWES B338, “aa.” BUCK 181. LeCLERC 135. CLARK II:182. MONAGHAN 178A. PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS 340. SABIN 4604. ROSENBACH, AMERICAN JEWISH 255. $3250.

Important Work of New World Navigation and Collection of Asian Travels

13. [Bergeron, Pierre]: VOYAGES FAITS PRINCIPALEMENT EN ASIE DANS LES XII, XIII, XIV, ET XV SIECLES...ACCOMPAGNE’D DE L’HISTOIRE DES SARASINS ET DES TARTARES, ET PRE- CEDEZ D’UNE INTRODUCTION CONCERNANT LES VOY- AGES ET LES NOUVELLES DECOUVERTES DES PRINCIPAUX VOYAGEURS.... La Haye: Chez Jean Neaulme, 1735. Two volumes. Num- bered columns (see Borba de Moraes for detailed collation) plus five folding engraved maps. Several in-text engravings. Quarto. Contemporary speckled calf, neatly rebacked, retaining original ornately gilt spines, leather labels. 19th-century bookplates on front endleaves. Light age-toning and scattered foxing. Very good.

This is a reissue of Bergeron’s Recueil de Divers Voyages Curieux en Tartarie (Leyden, 1729), including his important Traicte de la Navigation, the latter containing many important American references. “Bergeron translated and edited many travels to Tartary, and wrote descriptions of that region. These works were published in Paris in 1634 and reprinted in Leiden in 1729 in two volumes entitled: Recueil de Divers Voyages Curieux en Tartarie. Each part has its own title page and the text is in two columns. The Traicte de la Navigation is printed at the beginning of the first volume...” – Borba de Moraes. Bergeron’s Traicte de la Navigation is described by Borba de Moraes as “one of the first studies of the history of navigation to be undertaken in France” and by Maggs as “the first scientific review of the history and results of geographical study.” It contains much material on instruments and methods of navigation with reference to many early authors on the topics. There are detailed accounts of early voyages of discovery throughout the world made by the British, Spanish, Swedish, Portuguese, Dutch, French, and Russians, with particular attention paid to the French in Canada and the discovery of America. Of significant interest are the accounts of the explorations and voyages of Champlain, Frobisher, Hudson, and Lescarbot, the search for a northwest passage, the development of the fur trade and establishment of New France, the discovery of Florida and Brazil, the activities of the Jesuits, and much more. The remainder of the work collects Asian travels from the 12th through 15th centuries, including those of Marco Polo, Benjamin de Tudele, Jean Du Plan-Carpin, Jean de Mandeville, Ambroise Contarini, etc. The folding maps relate to these Asian travels and the account of the Tartary mentioned in the title. BORBA DE MORAES, p.101. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 735/34. BELL B215. COX I:32. LUST 244. CORDIER 1941-1942. MAGGS 818:756. $3500.

“...first-hand picture of life in New Orleans...”

14. Berquin-Duvallon, M.: VUE DE LA COLONIE ESPAGNOLE DU MISSISSIPI [sic], OU DES PROVINCES DE LOUISIANE ET FLORIDE OCCIDENTALE, EN L’ANNÉE 1802.... Paris: A l’Imprimerie Expeditive, 1803. xx,318,[6],[4, errata]pp. plus two colored folding maps. Half title. Contemporary mottled calf, spine gilt, leather label, marbled endpapers. Minor edge wear and abrading to the boards, joints worn. Later bookplate on front pastedown, minimal occasional foxing. A very good, clean copy.

First edition of this “entertaining and gossipy first-hand picture of life in New Orleans at the turn of the century....At the end are general accounts of the natural features of Louisiana, its commerce, and other general subjects. Its two colored maps, one of lower, the other of upper Louisiana...are well worth-while” – Streeter. “This resident observer has given a good description of Louisiana and West Florida... [during] the year in which the dominion of this region passed to the United States” – Raines. The work was immediately popular. Two more editions appeared before the 1806 New York translation, with an 1804 German translation as well. HOWES B389, “aa.” SABIN 4962. STREETER SALE 1530. CLARK II:79. RAINES, p.74. SERVIES 766. $3000.

First Printing in America of the Bible in French

15. [Bible in French]: LE NOUVEAU TESTAMENT DE NOTRE SEI- GNEUR JESUS-CHRIST, EN FRANÇAIS, SUR LA VULGATE. TRADUCTION DE L. M. DE SACY. Boston. 1810. Two volumes bound in one. 403; 326,[1]pp. Contemporary calf, spine gilt, leather label. Extremi- ties worn, spine and boards rubbed. Contemporary ownership inscription on front pastedown. Light to moderate tanning throughout. Good. In a half morocco box.

First American edition of the Bible in French. De Sacy’s translation was the most widespread French Bible of the 18th century. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 19531. O’CALLAGHAN 1810:4a. $3000. Primary Source for Early French Settlement in the Caribbean

16. Biet, Antonie: VOYAGE DE LA FRANCE EQUINOXIALE EN L’ISLE DE CAYENNE, ENTREPRIS PAR LES FRANÇOIS EN L’ANNÉE M.DC.LII. Paris. 1664. [24],432pp. Small quarto. Later vellum. Some foxing and browning, especially affecting title-leaf and last leaf, else very good.

One of the primary sources for the French ventures in Guiana. Biet was a French priest who went to the West Indies in 1652. The work is divided into three sections. The first part describes his voyage out; the second part describes events at the colony for the next fifteen months; and the third part provides a description of the country and the Indians. The author also made a short journey to Barbados, Martinique, and Guadeloupe, and offers some useful information about those regions. The work contains a vocabulary of the Carib Indian language. Crouse, French Pioneers in the West Indies, p.273. SABIN 5269. EUROPEAN AMERI- CANA 664/15. LeCLERC 165. HANDLER, BARBADOS HISTORY, p.5. MAGGS BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA V:4336. $6000.

Osages Visiting in Paris

17. Boilly, Louis: OSAGES PEUPLADE SAUVAGE DE L’AMERIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE, DANS L’ETAT DE MISSOURI. ARRIVES A PARIA LE 13 AOUT 1827. No. 89. [Paris]: Lith. de Delpech, [1827]. Handcolored lithograph, 13½ x 10½ inches. Lightly soiled, a bit of wear at corners. Very good. Matted.

A magnificent handcolored lithograph depicting three of the six Osage Indians that visited France in 1827. Their famed visit had a profound impact on French attitudes towards the tribe, many current members of which were the result of relations between French pioneers and Osage women. The six Indians, consisting of four warriors and two squaws, were quickly dubbed a “prince,” “princesses,” and “warriors” by the French press. Nu- merous publications appeared in conjunction with the visit, as did a handful of prints. This print depicts three members of the group: two men and a woman. They are shown from the chest or waist up – spaced in an impressionistic style and not in a conventional pose. Kishagashugah, depicted on the right, was an Osage chief inspired by a tradi- tion that his ancestor had visited Paris. He is shown holding a club and wearing a large medallion around his neck. Also depicted are a woman, Gretomih (at left); and Minckchatahooh, another warrior (below). This and most other images of the group portray the Indians as objects of fascination. It is clear this print was produced separately and not intended to accompany any text. The lithograph was drawn by François Delpech after a painting by Louis Boilly. We know of one other lithograph after Boilly of the Osages, numbered “90” (the present print is numbered “89”), but we are unaware of any other images of the Osages created by Boilly beside those two. We are able to locate only three other copies of this rare print, at the Newberry Library, Yale, and the American Philosophical Society. OCLC 41672603, 61658013. $4000.

A Superb Copy from the Library of Napoleon’s Naval Minister

18. [Bougainville, Louis Antoine de]: VOYAGE AUTOUR DU MONDE, PAR LA FRÉGATE DU ROI LA BOUDEUSE ET LA FLUTE L’ÉTOILE, EN 1766, 1767, 1768 & 1769. Paris: Saillant & Nyon, 1771. [8],417,[3]pp. with twenty-three maps and plates. Half title. Contemporary mottled calf, gilt, leather label. Minor shelf wear. Small contemporary bookplate of the Duc de Decrès on front pastedown. Very minor foxing in margins of half title and last leaf. A remarkably bright and clean copy. Fine.

First edition of this important work. Bougainville first undertook an expedition to the Falkland Islands and Patagonia, at his own expense, to secure them for French colonization. To avoid possible conflict due to Spain’s envy of this acquisition, France gave up the territory to her. The narrative of that expedition was related in The History of a Voyage to the Malouine Islands... (Paris, 1770). After delivering the Falklands to Spain, Bougainville was ordered across the Pacific to the East Indies, and then home. The completion of the three-year voyage marked the first official French circumnavigation and inspired much French interest in the Pacific islands. The party collected abundant natural history information concerning the regions visited; a chapter on the Falklands gives the history of their settlement as well. The expedition stopped at many South Sea islands, among them Tahiti, and included is a long section on that island as well as a vocabulary of the natives. Bougainville was in Buenos Aires when the order arrived for the expulsion of the Jesuits from Paraguay, which he describes in detail. An extraordinary capstone to this remarkable voyage was that Bougainville lost only seven out of two hundred men. “Bougainville also touched at the Moluccas, Batavia, and Mauritius before he arrived once again in France in 1769. Although Bougainville made only a few important discoveries, he created a great deal of interest among the French in the Pacific, which resulted in the voyages of Marc-Joseph Marion de Fresne and Jean François de La Pérouse. The largest island in the Solomons and two straits in the Pacific bear his name, and the tropical flowering vine called bougainvillea was also named for him. Bougainville later took part in the American Revolution, survived the French Revolution, and was made a senator and count of the Empire by Napo- leon I. Bougainville’s accounts of Pacific Islanders in this work echoed Jean Jacques Rousseau’s concepts of the ‘noble savage,’ and inspired Denis Diderot to write his denunciation of European contact with indigenous peoples” – Hill. This copy belonged to Admiral, later Duc, Denis Decrès, Napoleon’s Minister for the Navy and the Colonies from 1801 to 1814, with his bookplate on the front pastedown. Decrès was the Minister directly responsible for Nicholas Baudin’s voyage to Australia. Therefore, there could have been much instructive value in the present volume for Decrès, who perhaps used Bougainville’s experiences with regard to Baudin, to assist in the various enquiries into voyage events, many of them relating to Baudin’s unfortunate command. A highly distinguished French naval provenance for one of the country’s legendary travel narratives. HILL 163. SABIN 6864. O’REILLY & REITMAN 283. BORBA DE MORAES, p.115. DU RIETZ 117. COX I, p.55. $15,000.

A Pioneering History of Flight and Ballooning

19. Bourgeois, David: [Ballooning]: RECHERCHES SUR L’ART DE VOLER, DEPUIS LA PLUS HAUTE ANTIQUITÉ JUSQU’A CE JOUR; POUR SERVIR DE SUPPLEMENT A LA DESCRIPTION DES EXPERIENCES AÉROSTATIQUES DE M. FAUJAS DE SAINT-FOND. Paris: Chez Cuchet, 1784. viii,143,[1]pp. Contemporary marbled wrapper. Wrappers a bit faded and edgeworn. Faint stain in the lower gutter throughout, else quite clean internally and near fine overall. In a folding paper box.

One of the earliest histories of flight. This work is a supplement to Faujas de Saint- Fond, but completely separate, although published by the same publisher. It contains a history of notions of flight, with segments on Roger Bacon, Wilkins, Leonardo, Scaliger, Lana, Joseph Galien, Borelli, Cyrano de Bergerac, etc. Bourgeois also was the first to suggest “the use of an adjustable plane surface fitted beneath the balloon, whereby some measure of control might be obtained from the horizontal pressure of air on such plane during the rise or fall of the balloon” (Hodgson). He also includes a consideration of some of the problems of the new science of ballooning, including guidance, covering textiles, gas production, etc., and includes a plan for future balloon studies. TISSANDIER, p.15. HODGSON, pp.29, 388. LIEBMAN & WAHL 640. MAGGS 387: 76. BROCKETT 2071. $2000.

Important Early Ballooning Work

20. Brisson, [M.J.]: [Ballooning]: OBSERVATIONS SUR LES NOU- VELLES DÉCOUVERTES AÉROSTATIQUES, ET SUR LA PROBABILITÉ DE POUVOIR DIRIGER LES BALLONS. Paris. 1784. [2],34pp. Quarto. Dbd., removed from a sammelband. Stains to corners of final two text leaves. Else very good.

Brisson was a distinguished naturalist and physicist. His Observations... includes his report to the Académie des Sciences on the Montgolfiers’ balloon and a proposal for a balloon motorized by steam jets and guided by rudders, which prefigures the blimp. Brisson’s work also contains a valuable dictionary of the recently developed ballooning terminology. This is the scarcer quarto printing of his report; an octavo edition appeared the same year. MAGGS 387:78. TISSANDIER, p.15 (octavo ed). $1650.

21. Brissot de Warville, Jacques Pierre: NOUVEAU VOYAGE DANS LES ÉTATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE FAIT EN 1788. [with:] DE LA FRANCE ET DES ÉTATS-UNIS..... Paris. 1791. Three volumes. [4],lii,395; [4],460pp. plus folding table on light blue paper; [4],xxiii,448pp. 20th-century half calf and marbled boards, vellum corners, spines gilt, leather labels. Light scattered foxing and soiling. Very good.

Brissot de Warville’s travels in America, complete with the third volume, an exploration of new trade possibilities between France and the U.S. since American independence. A leading Revolutionary and a driving force in the Girondist party, Brissot de Warville died in the Terror. The present narrative, an account of a trip made just before the Revolution, is an important work by one who had come “to study men who had just acquired their liberty.” He travelled south from Boston as far as Virginia, where he visited with Washington for three days, and he makes some interesting observations on Mount Vernon. He also had a political dinner with James Madison. A classic travel narrative which was widely translated and read. The third volume, written with Étienne Clavière, was published separately from the first two and entitled De la France et des États-Unis. Ou de l’Importance de la Révolution de ‘Amérique pour le Bonheur de la France...Nouvelle Édition. HOWES B784. CLARK II:80. VAIL 862. MONAGHAN 296. SOWERBY, JEFFER- SON’S LIBRARY 4024. SABIN 8035. $750. Buffalo Bill in French

22. [Buffalo Bill]: BUFFALO BILL LE HÉROS DU FAR=WEST [TWENTY-SEVEN ISSUES OF BUFFALO BILL STORIES IN FRENCH]. [Brussels: Sobeli, ca. 1906-1912]. Twenty-seven issues, 31-32pp. per issue, printed in two columns, in French. Quarto. Color pictorial wrappers, some detached, some repaired with early cellophane tape, one rear wrapper lacking, one front wrapper detached but present. Moderate foxing, soiling, and toning. Frequent small tears at edges, rarely exceeding ¼-inch; some chipping. Some issue numbers crossed out and replaced in ink manuscript. Good.

An early European collection of twenty-seven Buffalo Bill stories, printed in French by German publisher Alwin Eichler. Francophone audiences in Europe were first widely exposed to the popular American Buffalo Bill dime novels during the first decade of the 20th century, when Eichler bought the rights to the stories (along with those of Nick Carter) and began issuing translations in several European languages. Sometime after Eichler’s death in 1912 – and most likely after the end of the First World War – Belgian publishing house Sobeli took over the French-language publication of the stories, issuing Buffalo Bill le Héros du Far=West in multiple series. The Buffalo Bill stories were at the peak of their popularity in Europe between 1906 and 1912, the year of Eichler’s death, but continued in new periodical editions through the larger part of the 20th century. The present series, which is likely the first issued by Sobeli, is printed with the price of 1 Franc 50 (an advertisement on the rear wrapper indicates that this is in French, rather than Belgian, francs) through issue number 148, and 1 Fr. 75 for numbers 104-154 (a printed label covers the original price for number 151). Each issue includes one full story and features the dramatic color cover art and English cover titles of the corresponding American edition below the French-language masthead. This collection includes issue numbers 32, 33, 36, 37, 57, 68, 69, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 84, 100 (two copies), 112, 114, 118, 120, 127, 146, 148, and 151-154. Despite their wide distribution, the early European Buffalo Bill novels today are particularly scarce, owing in large part to the cheap paper on which they were printed. A great run of colorful pulp Americana in circa-1920s France. Ronald A. Fullerton, “Toward a Commercial Popular Culture in Germany: The Develop- ment of Pamphlet Fiction, 1871-1914” in Journal of Social History Vol. 12, No. 4 (Summer 1979), pp.489-511. $1250.

23. Champagnac, Jean Baptiste Joseph: LE JEUNE VOYAGEUR EN CALIFORNIE RÉCITS INSTRUCTIFS ET MORAUX OF- FRANT DES DÉTAILS CURIEUX SUR CETTE RÉGION DE L’AMERIQUE ET SUR LES COUTUMES USAGES ET MOEURS DE SES HABITANTS. Paris. [1852]. [4],248pp. plus eight handcolored plates (including frontispiece). Half title. Original gilt cloth, neatly rebacked, original gilt spine laid down, a.e.g. Very clean internally. Very good.

Scarce French novel of an adventurer’s journey to California to partake in the Gold Rush. While such works were usually meant as cautionary tales, they often had the result of spurring interest in going to the mines. The attractive illustrations, nicely handcolored, show scenes from the tale, including his tearful departure from France, his adventures in the wilds of America (encounters with Indians and hunt- ing tigers), and his return home. KURUTZ 124. COWAN, p.113. Nasatir, French Activities in California, p.400. SABIN 11819. $1250.

Vital Account of the 1768 Rebellion in Louisiana

24. Champigny, Jean, chevalier de: ETAT-PRESENT DE LA LOUI- SIANE, AVEC TOUTES LES PARTICULARITÉS DE CETTE PROVINCE D’AMERIQUE, POUR SERVIR DE SUITE A L’HISTOIRE DES ETABLISSEMENS DES EUROPÉENS DANS LES DEUX INDES.... The Hague: Chez Frederic Staatman, 1776. 147,[2] pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Occasional light tanning. Very good.

Streeter describes this as the second edition, somewhat rearranged, of Champigny’s La Louisiane Ensanglantee, a work issued with a false London imprint (actually Paris) in 1773. Howes, however, gives the two titles separate entries. “An absorbing account of the trial and punishment of leading French citizens of Louisiana, inflicted on them by Alexander O’Reilly, the Spanish Governor of the province at its transfer from France to Spain after the Seven Years War” – Streeter. Louisiana had been turned over by the French to the Spanish in the peace settlement in 1763, as part of France’s ejection from North America by the victorious English and Spanish. The French citizens of Louisiana resented the weak Spanish government, and attempted a coup against it in 1768. The uprising was put down with vengeance by O’Reilly, sent to establish absolute Spanish authority. This book discusses in detail events from 1762, when the cession was agreed to, through 1771. HOWES C278, “b.” STREETER SALE 1569. SABIN 11824. $6500.

Champlain Takes on the Iroquois: A Foundation Work of New France

25. Champlain, Samuel de: VOYAGES ET DÉSCOUVERTURES FAITES EN LA NOUVELLE FRANCE, DEPUIS L’ANNEE 1615. JUSQUES A LA FIN DE L’ANNEE 1618. PAR LE SIEUR DE CHAMPLAIN.... Paris: Chez Claude Collet, 1619. Engraved and letterpress titlepages followed by [6],158 leaves (including four full-page engraved plates on text leaves), plus two folding plates. Lacks the final two blank leaves (V7 and V8), as did the Siebert copy. 12mo. Early 20th-century crushed red morocco by Riviere & Son, with a double-rule border on front and rear boards, spine gilt with raised bands, gilt inner dentelles, a.e.g. Minute tears in edges of titlepages and dedication leaves. Very small, unobtrusive wormhole in upper outer margin of final thirty-four leaves (not affecting text). Folding plates trimmed close along outer edge (one with a short closed split along the fold). Very good.

First edition of Samuel de Champlain’s third work, with the first reports of his explorations of 1615 to 1618. Written primarily to encourage the continued patron- age of New France by Louis XIII, this volume gives much information on Native Americans of the St. Lawrence Valley and their customs, and the topography of upstate New York. “It describes his introduction to the Recollet Fathers as missionaries to the Indians, his exploration of the Ottawa River, Lake Huron, and Lake Ontario; the attack on the Iroquois fort in New York state; and his winter among the Hurons. The work also contains Champlain’s incomparable essay on the Hurons and other neighboring tribes. It includes Brule’s narrative of his experiences among the savages on the southern borders of New York, near the Pennsylvania line, and an account of the events which occurred in the settlements at Quebec” – Winsor. The engravings show Champlain’s attack on an Iroquois fort, male and female Indian costumes, a deer hunt, an Indian dance, and a burial. “The plates, illustrative of scenes in Indian life, are beautiful specimens of the engraving of the period” – Field. This is one of the most difficult of Champlain’s works to find. We note only three copies appearing at auction in the past thirty years. The Siebert copy sold for $51,750 in 1999 (to this firm), and then brought $74,400 when it reappeared at auction in 2009. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 619/35. CHURCH 375. HARRISSE NOUVELLE FRANCE 32. FIELD 273. SABIN 11836. WINSOR 4:132. LANDE 117 (1627 ed). $85,000.

26. [Champlain, Samuel de]: Otis, Charles Pomeroy, translator: VOYAGES OF SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN...WITH HISTORICAL ILLUS- TRATIONS, AND A MEMOIR.... Boston: Published by the Prince So- ciety, 1880-1878-1882. Three volumes. viii,[2],340; xiv,[2],273; vi,[4],240pp., plus thirty-six plates and maps (some folding). Small quarto. Contemporary morocco, elaborately gilt, gilt dentelles, t.e.g. First volume expertly rebacked preserving original spine, front hinge rubbed on second volume. Light shelf wear. Minor scattered foxing. Very good.

The Prince Society edition of the voyages of Samuel de Champlain, early French navigator and cartographer. Champlain partook in voyages to the West Indies, through the Caribbean and to Mexico before embarking on travel through North America. He participated in the establishment of the first permanent European settlement in Canada and founded Quebec City, in 1608. His talent as a cartographer can be seen in his maps, which offered some of the first accurate representa- tions of the area. The Prince Society operated out of Boston from 1858 to 1944, publishing rare Americana. As stated in the preface, the second volume was indeed printed first, in 1878, before being followed by the first volume in 1880 and the third in 1882. This was the first comprehensive edition of Champlain published in English. A lovely and scarce compilation of Champlain’s life and voyages, coupled with fine examples of his influence as a cartographer. $1250.

27. [Chanvalon, Jean Baptiste Thibault de]: VOYAGE A LA MARTI- NIQUE CONTENANT DIVERSES OBSERVATIONS SUR LA PHYSIQUE, L’HISTOIRE NATURELLE, L’AGRICULTURE, LES MOEURS, & LES USAGES DE CETTE ISLE, FAITES EN 1751 & DANS LES ANNÉES SUIVANTES. Paris: Chez Cl. J.B. Bauche, 1763. [8],viii,135,[46],[1],136-192,[80]pp. plus folding map. Pagination erratic. Quarto. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards. Contemporary armorial bookplate and shelf labels on front pastedown. Internally clean. Very good.

“A highly esteemed work, with an account of the Carib race, some of whom yet remained, at that time, in Martinique” – Sabin. This extensive work contains an important account of Martinique, including the black population, the Carib race, the island’s natural resources, animals, plants, etc. With a beautiful engraved folding map of the island. At the rear are forty leaves of “Observations Météorologiques.” BEINECKE LESSER ANTILLES COLLECTION 247. SABIN 11936. JCB (1) III:1346. $2500.

Important Work on the Laws Governing Privateers at the Time of the Revolution

28. [Chardon, Daniel Marc Antoine]: CODE DES PRISES OU RE- CUEIL DES ÉDITS, DÉCLARATIONS, LETTRES PATENTES, ARRÊTS, ORDONNANCES, RÈGLEMENS & DÉCISIONS SUR LA COURSE & L’ADMINISTRATION DES PRISES, DEPUIS 1400 JUSQU’À PRÉSENT. Paris. 1784. Two volumes. [4],xxxv, xxvii,610,[2]; [2],611-1230,xlii pp. Quarto. Contemporary patterned calf, spines gilt, leather labels, all edges stained red. Slight rubbing and wear, bookplate on front pastedowns. Very clean internally, with only occasional foxing or soiling. A very nice set.

An important work on French privateering law, listing the laws chronologically from 1400 to 1784. This work was compiled by Daniel Marc Antoine Chardon, who served as intendant of St. Lucia (1763), intendant of Corsica, as well as several other posts in the French government. There are many references to dealings with North American colonies and the fledgling United States. ABPC finds no copies for sale at auction in the last thirty years. A scarce and important compendium. BARBIER I:625. POLAK 1808. $6750.

A Storehouse of Important Maps

29. Charlevoix, François J.: HISTOIRE ET DESCRIPTION GENERALE DE LA NOUVELLE FRANCE, AVEC LE JOUR- NAL HISTORIQUE D’UN VOYAGE FAIT PAR ORDRE DU ROI DANS L’AMÉRIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE. Paris. 1744. Three volumes. [8],xxvi,664; [4],xv,[1],502,lxi,[3],503-582,56; [4],xix,[1],xiv,543pp., plus twenty-eight maps (most folding) and ninety-six plates. Half title in each volume. Quarto. Contemporary mottled calf, red gilt morocco labels, ornate gilt spines. Third volume with minor chipping at head of spine. Contemporary bookplate at head of each half title, later institutional stamp on each front fly leaf and half title. Internally bright and clean. Overall a handsome set in very good condition.

A classic work of Canadian history including important material on French settlement in the Mississippi Valley. The journal consists of thirty-six letters, six of which concern the southern colonies. “The principal work of this great Jesuit traveller and historian and the pre-eminent authority on the French period in the West” – Howes. “This work is one of the best authorities concerning various Indian tribes, some of which no longer exist. The laborious accuracy with which the work was executed can be estimated by the fact that the maps, dated 1743, are marked with the latest discoveries, in 1742, in the extreme north of America” – Lande. Most of the maps in this work were drawn by French cartographer Nicholas Bellin, including his important map of North America, a frequent source for later mapmakers, as well as some of the most definitive and up-to-date maps available of Canada. Besides its great importance as an historical and cartographical work, Charlevoix is also of considerable interest for the section entitled “Description des Plantes Prin- cipales de l’Amerique Septentrionale,” which occupies the first fifty-six pages of the second volume. Here the author describes ninety-six plants, mainly ones native to Canada, but including herbs of the Mississippi Valley as well. Most of the plants described are of medicinal value. The text is accompanied by twenty-two folding plates illustrating all ninety-six species discussed. LANDE 125. WHEAT TRANSMISSISSIPPI 120. PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS 756. TPL 4697. HOWES C307, “b.” MICHIGAN RARITIES 8. CLARK I:59. SABIN 12135. KARPINSKI, p.137. GREENLY, MICHIGAN 11. SERVIES 377, 378, 379. $14,500. 30. Charlevoix, Pierre François-Xavier: HISTOIRE DU PARAGUAY. Paris. 1757. Six volumes. Seven folding maps. 12mo. Original mottled calf, spines gilt, leather labels. Minor wear to bindings. Contemporary ownership notation on each titlepage (ownership inscription has been crossed out in first volume). Internally clean. Near fine.

The first edition, in quarto format, appeared the year prior to this, in 1756. “The most complete and satisfactory work on Paraguay, and the only one in which the vast system of the Jesuits is fully developed...” – Maggs. Father Charlevoix, himself a Jesuit, traveled extensively in the New World and wrote influential histories, in addition to this one, on Japan, Canada, and the Antilles. Herein he describes the colonization of the South American heartland. COX II, p.282. BORBA DE MORAES, p.156. SABIN 12130. LeCLERC 1880. PALAU 67167. $1000.

31. Chastellux, François J.: VOYAGE DE MR. LE CHEVALIER DE CHASTELLUX EN AMÉRIQUE. [Paris]. 1785. 191pp. 12mo. Contem- porary half morocco and paper boards. Corners rubbed. Internally clean and fresh. Untrimmed. Near fine.

The elusive second issue of this work, preceded by the ultra-rare Newport edition of 1781. The publication of this edition was not approved by the author, who was preparing a more elaborate production which was issued the following year, incorporating many additions and changes. The narrative describes the author’s experiences in America in 1780 and 1781. “One of the most notable travel accounts of the Revolutionary period not only because of Chastellux’s keen observation and the directness of his narrative but also because of his acute comments on society and the character of the people in different walks of life” – Clark. A rare copy of an important work. HOWES C324, “aa.” SABIN 12226. MONAGHAN 404 (octavo 1785 ed). CLARK I:212 (other eds). $2000.

Important Work on Caribbean Plants

32. Chaumeton, François Pierre: FLORE MÉDICALE. Paris. 1814-1819. Eight volumes. 425 color plates (two folding). Contem- porary three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spines gilt, leather labels. Corners rubbed. Light foxing. Very good.

An interesting and beautifully illustrated series, with plates produced during the great period of French color printing. The title appears to have been loosely interpreted, and consequently the work was expanded to include grapes, melon, palms, pineapple, pomegranates, bananas, and other interesting but non-medicinal plants. François Pierre Chaumeton (1775- 1819) was a French army physician, pharmacist, and botanist. He worked on several notable medical publications beyond this one. Fellow botanist Jean Louis Marie Poiret (1755-1834) collaborated with him on this project, perhaps accounting for its wide-ranging scope, far beyond mere medical botany. The detailed illustrations were executed by Ernestine Panckoucke and Pierre Jean François Turpin, both gifted botanical illustrators. Indeed, Turpin is considered one of the greatest botanical and floral illustrators of his time. Sets often lack some of the plates, and it is difficult to find complete. A handsome and important production. PRITZEL 1676. NISSEN 349. TAXONOMIC LITERATURE 2: 1091, 8115. $8000.

Watercolors by Louis Choris, from One of the Most Celebrated Voyages of the 19th Century

33. Choris, Louis: [GROUP OF SIX ORIGINAL WATERCOLORS BY ARTIST LOUIS CHORIS, SOME OF WHICH WERE LATER PUBLISHED AS PART OF HIS Voyage Pittoresque Autour du Monde, avec des Portraits de Sauvages d’Amérique, BUT SEV- ERAL UNPUBLISHED]. [Chile & Brazil. 1816]. Six watercolors on paper, mounted on thicker board, as described below. Each with a manuscript caption in French. In fine condition. Matted.

An outstanding collection of beautiful watercolors done by the celebrated artist, Louis Choris, in Chile and Brazil while on the Kotzebue expedition. Each watercolor contains anywhere from two to nine separate illustrations of people, clothing, musical instruments, or trees, totaling twenty-three images on the six sheets. Several of the illustrations were published in Choris’ Voyage Pittoresque Autour du Monde, avec des Portraits de Sauvages d’Amérique, but the majority are unpublished works of art. Choris’ illustrations are excellent depictions of Chilean natives. Louis Choris was born Login Cho- ris (or Khoris), of German heritage, in Yekaterinolsav, Russia on March 22, 1795. He was educated in the secondary school in Kharkov, Ukraine, where he showed early talent in drawing. Choris pursued a professional art education in Moscow, and at the age of eighteen was appointed artist to the von Bieberstein expedition to the Caucasus Mountains (1813-14), with the responsibility of producing botanical illustrations. He was only twenty years old when he was appointed the official artist aboard the Rurik, commanded by the Russian naval captain, Otto von Kotzebue, which circumnavigated the globe in 1815-18. Kotzebue’s ship carried a total crew of only twenty-seven, and its primary purpose was to search for the supposed Northwest Passage and to explore the South Seas. The voyage was a partly private, partly government-sponsored enterprise, and the Russian government secured the approval of the Spanish to let the Rurik stop in Spanish possessions in the Americas, such as Chile and California. Sailing from Kronstadt in July 1815, the Kotzebue expedition crossed the Atlantic, rounded Cape Horn, and visited Brazil and Chile in early 1816, spending much time in the Chilean port of Concepcion. From Chile they visited Easter Island and then sailed by way of the Gilbert and Marshall islands to Petropavlovsk in Kamchatka. From Kamchatka they explored the Bering Strait and the Aleutians, then sailed south to San Francisco. After a month-long visit there they went to the Sandwich Islands and back to the Bering Strait before heading west across the Pacific, then to the Indian Ocean, around Africa, and back to Kronstadt in July 1818. Choris was the official draughtsman of the expedition, and during the long voyage he produced a large number of sketches and watercolors of peoples, places, and nature. In 1819 he travelled to Paris, learned lithography, and supervised the production of his great volume of views from the Kotzebue expedition, Voyage Pit- toresque Autour du Monde, avec des Portraits de Sauvages d’Amérique, published by Didot in Paris between 1820 and 1822. The published work is considered one of the most beautiful volumes of American travel views ever created, with important illustrations in South America, Alaska, and California. Choris followed this with another volume of views from the Kotzebue expedition, Vues et Paysages..., published in 1826. The young and talented artist was killed on his thirty-third birthday by bandits in Vera Cruz, Mexico in 1828. Choris’ illustrations are excellent depictions of Chilean natives. This collection contains six separate sheets of watercolors, but the total number of illustrations actually number twenty-three. Five specific works (on four of the sheets) in this group were included by Choris in his Voyage Pittoresque, while many of the others were used for their ethnographic information. The illustrations are not only in Choris’ distinctive style, but they are captioned in the same hand as the Choris paintings and sketches in the collection of the Beinecke Library at Yale. The illustrations, as captioned by Choris, are:

1) “Indiens du Chili melis.” Watercolor, 4¼ x 7¼ inches. Mornin remarks that “it was in Chile that Rurik’s company had their first opportunity to observe American Indians at first hand.” This watercolor contains lovely bust portraits of a native Chilean man and woman. The man wears a characteristic conical hat and colorful shirt, while the woman has a crucifix around her neck. This illustration was not published in the Voyage Pittoresque, though Choris incorporated some of the ethnographic detail in the man’s clothing into his published illustrations. There is a manuscript number “6” below the portrait of the man. 2) “Avec les Espagnols.” Watercolor, 7 x 4¼ inches. An attractive pair of portraits of a native Chilean man and a female child. This illustration also was not published in Voyage Pittoresque, though certain ethnographic details inform other published illustrations. There is a manuscript number “9” above the portrait of the man. 3) “Araoucanos Indige du Chili.” Watercolor, 4½ x 4¼ inches. A bust portrait of a native Chilean woman. This portrait, reversed in the published image, became one of the women in Plate VIII of Voyage Pittoresque, “Araucanos indigenes de Chili.” The woman is portrayed staring slightly to her right, from the chest up, and wears a native blouse. In the published print she looks to her left, and is paired with another native woman, depicted in profile. 4) “Peuple du Chili a la Conception.” Watercolor, 10½ x 9 inches. A beautiful watercolor with much physiognomic and ethnographic detail. The upper portion contains full-length portraits of two Chilean men and a Chilean woman, while the bottom half has a full-length portrait of a woman carrying a basket of laundry on her head, a close-up profile of a woman, and details of two native hats. Of the many illustrations here, Choris used one of the men in the upper half in his Plate IX of Voyage Pittoresque, “Habillement du peuple du Chili.” This watercolor clearly shows the care with which Choris recorded the clothing of the Chilean natives. 5) “Instrumens du Musique du Negres.” Watercolor, 10¼ x 8¼ inches. This watercolor contains nine separate illustrations of native musical instruments, including a drum, sticks, tambourines, and what appears to be a type of xylophone. Two of the instruments in this watercolor, the xylophone and a percussion instrument, were used by Choris in Plate IV of Voyage Pittoresque, “Instrument de musique des Negres.” The present watercolor, therefore, is an excellent and unpublished source of several other native Chilean musical instruments. 6) “Yuca. Talmier (cocos Romanzoffiana) de Bresil.” Watercolor, 10 x 17¼ inches. A large and colorful illustration of two Brazilian trees, a Yucca and a Cocoa tree. The cocoa tree was incorporated into Plate VI of Voyage Pittoresque, “Coquero de Bresil (Cocos Romanzoffiana Cham),” while the yucca appears in Plate II of Choris’ Vues et Paysages as part of a landscape view entitled “Bresil.”

All of the other known watercolors by Choris have long been in institutions. Ameri- cana specialist Edward Eberstadt acquired them in the 1930s and sold many of them to his customer, William R. Coe, who later gave them to Yale. The rest were sold to the Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and the Bernice Bishop Museum in Hawaii. This group thus represents a unique opportunity to acquire original artwork by Choris, or from the Kotzebue expedition. A remarkable collection of beautiful original watercolors of peoples and places in Chile and Brazil by a talented artist, including several unpublished illustrations of native Chileans. Edward Mornin, Through Alien Eyes: The Visit of the Russian Ship Rurik to San Francisco in 1816 and the Men Behind the Visit (Oxford & Bern, 1992), pp.81-91. $65,000.

Advocates of French-American Commerce

34. Claviere, Etienne: Brissot de Warville, Jacques Pierre: DE LA FRANCE ET DES ÉTATS-UNIS, OU DE L’IMPORTANCE DE LA RÉVOLUTION DE L’AMÉRIQUE POUR LE BONHEUR DE LA FRANCE, DES RAPPORTS DE CE ROYAUME & DES ÉTATS- UNIS.... London [i.e. Paris?]. 1787. xxiv,xlviii,344pp. Later roan, spine gilt. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Negligible foxing. Very good plus.

A highly important work of political economy, published in Paris under a false imprint, and designed to stimulate investment in the United States by the French. Brissot de Warville was one of the most pro-American French thinkers of the period; he later wrote a well-known work on his American travels, and finally died in the Terror. This book seeks to enlighten the French and American public about the possibilities for mutually beneficial investments. Dedicated to the American Con- gress and the “friends of America in both worlds,” it reviews a number of economic issues, such as balance of trade, the superior benefits of French manufactures for American markets, why French wines and oils were better than any that could be produced in the U.S., and a broad range of specific products. Various American products ranging from rice to furs are then discussed. In the end the authors include a prospectus for their proposed “Société Gallo-Américaine.” Claviere and Brissot de Warville worked together on a number of political tracts, and both believed that the example of America’s fledgling democracy held the key to France’s future. HOWES C464. KRESS B1169. GOLDSMITHS 13307. ESTC T109594. SABIN 13516. $2000.

35. [Compagnie des Indes]: ARREST DU CONSEIL D’ESTAT DU ROY, QUI NOMME DES COMMIS POUR SIGNER & VISER LES AC- TIONS RENTIERES DE LA COMPAGNIE DES INDES. DU 12 OCTOBRE 1720. Paris. 1720. 4pp. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Very minor foxing. Contemporary inscription. Else fine.

A French royal decree concerning oversight of the shareholders in the Compagnie des Indes. In 1719, John Law’s Compagnie d’Occident absorbed several other entities to become the present Compagnie des Indes. There was a considerable need for oversight, given the excessive speculation in the Compagnie. This copy is from the library of Cardinal Etienne Charles de Lomenie de Brienne (1727-94), Minister of Louis XVI, Archbishop of Toulouse and of Sens. A friend of Voltaire and a member of the Académie Française, Brienne wielded significant power as head of the Finance Ministry, which earned him many enemies. He died in prison during the French Revolution, despite having renounced Catholicism in 1793 (presumably as an attempt to save his life). Wroth records only one copy, at NYPL; OCLC adds just two more, at Harvard and the University of Minnesota. Rare. WROTH, ACTS OF FRENCH ROYAL ADMINISTRATION 843. MAGGS, FRENCH COLONISATION OF AMERICA 206 (this copy). OCLC 47241713. $1000.

36. [Compagnie des Indes]: ARREST DU CONSEIL D’ESTAT DU ROY, QUI ORDONNE QUE LES GAGES & APPOINTEMENS DES OFFICIERS, COMMIS & EMPLOYEZ AU SERVICE DE LA COMPAGNIE DES INDES, NE SERONT SUJETS A AUCUNES SAISIES NI OPPOSITIONS. DU 4 OCTOBRE 1723. Paris. 1723. 4pp. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Very minor dampstaining in lower corner. Contemporary inscription. Near fine.

A French royal decree ordering that the appointment of officers in the Compag- nie des Indes not be subject to objection or opposition. “The point made by this decree was already made law by the Lettres Patents of March 1696 (see Wroth 358), but is hereby reaffirmed at the request of Nicolas Desprez de Saint-Robert, ‘Directeur, Inspecteur & Commandant pour la Compagnie Royale du Senegal & Costes d’Afrique’, whose salary had been withheld by the Cashier of the Compagnie des Indies” – Maggs. In 1721 the Compagnie had declared bankruptcy and was reorganized, after the Mississippi Bubble burst. This copy is from the library of Cardinal Etienne Charles de Lomenie de Brienne (1727-94), Minister of Louis XVI, Archbishop of Toulouse and of Sens. A friend of Voltaire and a member of the Académie Française, Brienne wielded significant power as head of the Finance Ministry, which earned him many enemies. He died in prison during the French Revolution, despite having renounced Catholicism in 1793 (presumably as an attempt to save his life). Wroth records only one copy, at NYPL, and OCLC adds just one more, at Harvard. Rare. WROTH, ACTS OF FRENCH ROYAL ADMINISTRATION 1033. MAGGS, FRENCH COLONISATION OF AMERICA 280 (this copy). OCLC 82716091. $900.

37. [Compagnie des Indes]: ARREST DU CONSEIL D’ESTAT DU ROY, POUR ASSURER L’ESTAT DES RENTES VIAGERES SUR LA COMPAGNIE DES INDES. DU 20 JUIN 1724 [caption title]. Paris. 1724. 3pp. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Very minor foxing. Contemporary inscription. Else fine.

A French royal decree guaranteeing the life annuities of the Compagnie des Indes. From the library of Cardinal Etienne Charles de Lomenie de Brienne (1727-94), Minister of Louis XVI, Archbishop of Toulouse and of Sens. A friend of Voltaire and a member of the Académie Française, Brienne wielded significant power as head of the Finance Ministry, which earned him many enemies. He died in prison during the French Revolution, despite having renounced Catholicism in 1793 (presumably as an attempt to save his life). Wroth locates one copy, at NYPL; OCLC adds two more, at Harvard and the John Carter Brown Library. Rare. MAGGS, FRENCH COLONISATION OF AMERICA 301 (this copy). WROTH, ACTS OF FRENCH ROYAL ADMINISTRATION 1067. OCLC 82545020. $900.

38. [Constitutions]: RECUEIL DES LOIX CONSTITUTIVES DES COLONIES ANGLOISES, CONFÉDÉRÉES SOUS LA DÉ- NOMINATION D’ÉTATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE-SEPTENTRI- ONALE. AUQUEL ON A JOINT LES ACTES...DU CONGRÈS GENERAL, TRADUIT DE L’ANGLOIS.... En Suisse [i.e. Paris]. 1778. [10],370pp. Half title. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Internally bright and crisp. Very good.

The earliest collection of the constitutions of the constituent American states published in France, and the predecessor for the more generally known translation by the Duc de la Rochefoucauld of The Constitutions of the Several Independent States of America (Philadelphia, 1781 and Paris, 1783). This work was compiled by Régnier and dedicated via a letter (printed herein) to Benjamin Franklin, who ordered the publication of the 1783 collection. Included also is an exceptionally early appearance in book form, in French, of the Declaration of Independence. An important early gathering. Interestingly, this title appears under two false imprints: the imprint “A Phila- delphie” and “En Suisse,” the latter of which the present copy bears. The practice of using false imprints during pre-Revolutionary France was a common one, and is evidence of the flexibility in the government’s relationship with the printing press – often giving the government the safety net of official denial, should any objections be raised in the face of a controversial publication. Though published in Paris, Switzerland, a country popularly conceived of as a bastion of non-Monarchical and therefore liberal, even inclusively representative government, would have provided plausible support for the books’ counterfeit origin. HOWES R111, “aa.” $2500.

39. [Crèvecoeur, Michel Guillaume St. Jean]: LETTRES D’UN CULTI- VATEUR AMÉRICAIN...DEPUIS L’ANNÉE 1770, JUSQU’À 1781. Paris. 1784. Two volumes. xxiv,iv,422,[2]; [4],iv,400,[2]pp. Half title in second volume. Bound in mismatched contemporary calf, first volume with spine richly gilt. Boards of second volume quite worn, spine badly chipped. Book- plate on front pastedown and early signatures on titlepage of first volume. Some foxing and tanning. A good set. In a half morocco and cloth box.

The first French edition, first issue, following the first London printing of 1782. This first issue contains errata leaves not found in the second issue, and is printed on different paper and contains different ornaments on the titlepage and chapter heads. The pagination of the second volume also differs from that of the second issue. When creating this French edition, Crèvecoeur did not merely translate the London edition, he substantially rewrote it, adding a second volume, and chang- ing the identity of the narrator from the farmer, “James,” to a person more readily identifiable as Crèvecoeur himself. It is also more pro-American and anti-British in tone than is the London printing. Crèvecoeur came to America during the French and Indian War and served with the French forces. Afterwards, he settled in the British colonies, becoming a farmer. This work, which describes his experiences in America, is justly famous for its vivid picture of a colonial world slipping into the chaos of war, revolution, and nationhood. Two of the essays, “What is an American?” and “Distresses of a Frontier Man,” particularly address the confusion of the times. Crèvecoeur gives a negative assessment of slavery in his section on South Carolina, and one of the “letters” is written from Culpeper County, Virginia. There is also much on the natural history of British North America, and ethnographic information on American Indians. “As literature unexcelled by any American work of the eighteenth century” – Howes. Certainly one of the chief works of literature, in an edition quite different than its London predecessor, and one of the most important observations on America during the era of the Revolution. This copy contains a manuscript signature at the conclusion of the dedication in the first volume, reading “St. John de Crevecoeur.” A comparison between this signature and several other examples of Crevecoeur’s signature is inconclusive, and we cannot be sure whether or not the manuscript signature in this copy is actually in Crevecoeur’s hand, or is in the hand of someone else identifying Crevecoeur as the author of the anonymously published work. HOWES C883. CLARK I:218. MONAGHAN 502. DAB IV, pp.542-44. SABIN 17496. MEISEL III, p.352. $3000.

40. D’Avity, Pierre: NOUVEAU THEATRE DU MONDE, CON- TENANT LES ESTATS, EM- PIRES, ROYAUMES ET PRIN- CIPAUTEZ.... Paris: Pierre Rocolet, 1644. [6],1414pp. plus engraved titlepage. Large folio. Contemporary calf, gilt. Hinges partially cracked, head and foot of spine chipped, corners bumped. Minor scattered foxing and soiling. About very good, handsome withal.

Extensive geographical and historical compendium written by Pierre D’Avity (1573- 1635), first published in Paris in 1613. The work describes the principal kingdoms of the world, including France, Germany, Tur- key, Greece, Italy, parts of Africa and Asia, and with brief sections on the New World and Terre Australis. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 644/9. $3500.

41. De l’Isle, Guillaume: CARTE DU CANADA OU DE LA NOU- VELLE FRANCE. Amsterdam: Jean Covens & Corneille Mortier, [ca. 1730]. Copper-engraved map with original outline color. Sheet size: 21¼ x 25½ inches. In excellent condition.

Second state of the Covens & Mortier edition of De l’Isle’s important and influential map of Canada. This very finely engraved and epistemologically interesting map was the most important map of Canada printed during its era. It is one of the finest maps devised by Guillaume De l’Isle, first printed in 1703. De l’Isle was a much esteemed figure who became the geographer to the French Academy of Sciences in 1702, and the Premier Géographe to Louis XV in 1718. Rodney Shirley notes: “De L’Isle’s work is distinguished by its scientific basis, the minute care taken in all departments, constant revision, and personal integrity.” The present map is the edition printed by Covens & Mortier for their Atlas Nouveau. The geography of the Great Lakes, eastern Canada, and New England is quite accurate for the time. The numerous trading posts and missions of New France and the major towns of the adjacent British colonies are labeled. The area around Hudson Bay is shown to be inhabited by native tribes referred to as the “Christinaux or Kilistinons,” referring to their conversion to the Christian faith, while Labrador is home to the “Eskimaux.” Interestingly, the map features a number of notes specifically referring to the names of explorers and the dates in which they discovered certain places, such as the reference to “Nouveau Danemarc,” discovered by the Danish explorer Jan Munk in 1619. The depiction of the upper Mississippi and Ohio basins is also quite detailed, noting the position of the French fort of “St. Louis” or “Crevecouer” near present-day Peoria, Illinois. Perhaps the most fascinating aspect of the map is its portrayal of the “Rivière Longue,” one of the most sensational and enduring cartographic misconceptions ever devised. This imaginary river was reported to flow from the “Pays des Gnacsitares” in the far west, promising the best route through the interior of the continent. A short distance over some mountains lies a long salt water lake, that is supposedly connected to the Pacific Ocean. It is a product of the imagination of the Baron Lahontan, an entertaining and roguish French adventurer, whose best-selling travel narrative, Nouveaux Voyages dans l’Amérique Septentrionale (1703), convinced many of the world’s greatest intellects of the existence of this mythical waterway. KERSHAW 318. TOOLEY, MMC 33 39. $1000.

A Major Louisiana Rarity

42. Dubroca, Louis: L’ITINÉRAIRE DES FRANÇAIS DANS LA LOU- ISIANE. Paris: Dubroca, Fuchs, Veuve Deveaux, and Rondonneau, 1802. [4],104pp. plus large folding map (partially handcolored). 12mo. Early 19th- century marbled boards. Contemporary ownership inscription dated Paris, 1804 on titlepage. Some light toning and soiling, heavier to first and last leaf. Bookplate on rear pastedown. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth slipcase.

First edition of this exceedingly rare French imprint promoting the possession of Louisiana in the early 19th century. It was published during the brief return of France’s control of the territory between the Spanish and American periods of ownership between March and December 1803. The large folding map, “Carte de la Louisiane et du cours du Mississipi avec les Colonies Anglaises,” is a revised version of Guillaume Delisle’s map first published in 1718. The work includes a history and description of the colony, a description of the natives of the area and their customs, and the state of commerce in the region. Dubroca, who evidently published the work himself, argues for a much greater French presence in Louisiana. SABIN 21028. HOWES D526, “b.” STREETER SALE 1572. SIEBERT SALE 682. $13,500. Item 42.

A Collection of the Works of the Founding Du Pont

43. [Du Pont de Nemours, Pierre Samuel]: [A COLLECTION OF PUB- LICATIONS BY PIERRE SAMUEL DU PONT DE NEMOURS, ASSEMBLED BY ALEXIS AND ELIZABETH DU PONT]. Paris, London [et al]. 1768-1817. Ten volumes. Large folding table, 48½ x 46¾ inches. Uniform 19th-century three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spines gilt, leather labels. Bookplate on front pastedowns. Scattered foxing. Very good. Table with minor separations at fold lines, very clean. In a matching three-quarter calf slipcase.

A handsome, uniformly bound assemblage of the writings of economist, publisher, and government official Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours. Du Pont, patriarch of the Du Pont dynasty, emigrated to the United States after the French Revolution and his brush with death during the Reign of Terror. He continued to be involved in politics in his new country, acting as an unofficial diplomat between the U.S. and France during the reign of Napoleon. He died in Delaware, where his son had established the family powder manufacturing business, in 1817. This collection of his writings was compiled and bound by his descendents, Alexis and Elizabeth du Pont, whose bookplate can be found in each volume. The set eventually came into the hands of Nancy du Pont Reynolds Cooch, visual artist and avid collector of her estimable family’s history. The publications included are: 1) De l’Origine et des Progrès d’une Science Nouvelle. Londres. 1768. [4],84,[1]pp. [bound with:] [Manuscript English Translation of De l’Origine...in the Hand of Pierre Du Pont]. London & Paris. 1768. [4],251pp. [bound with:] Irenée Bonfils, sur La Religion de Ses Peres et de Nos Peres. Paris. 1808. [2],16pp. 2) Lettre a la Chambre du Commerce de Normandie; sur le Mémoire Quelle a Publié Relativement au Traité de Commerce avec l’Angleterre. Rouen. 1788. 285pp. 3) Discours Prononcé a l’Assemblée Nationale. Versailles: Baudouin, 1789. 218pp. plus two folding tables. 4) Corps Législatif. Conseil des Anciens. Opinion de Du Pont.... Paris. An V. Twelve works in one. 20,12,24,30,31,26,16,10,4,8,6,12pp. 5) Philosophie de l’Univers...Troisième Édition. Paris. An VII. 339pp. Two copies. 6) Rapport sur le Droit de Marque des Cuirs par un Conseiller d’État. Paris. 1804. vii,[1],296pp. plus folding table. 7) Sur l’Education Nationale dans les États-Unis d’Amérique. Seconde Édition. Paris: Le Normant, 1812. 159pp. plus folding chart. 8) Quelques Mémoires su Differéns Sujets: La Pluspart d’Histoire Naturelle, ou de Phy- sique Générale et Particulière. Seconde Édition. Paris: Belin, 1813. x,428pp. plus folding map. 9) Examen du Livre de M. Malthus sur le Principe de Population.... Philadelphie: La- fourcade, 1817. [4],159pp. 10) Table Raisonnée des Principes de l’Économie Politique. Single large table, 48½ x 46¾ inches. Paris: Maelot, 1775. $6000. The Greatest Early Work on the French in the Antilles

44. Dutertre, Jean Baptiste: HISTOIRE GENERALE DES ANTIL- LES HABITÉES PAR LES FRANÇOIS.... Paris: Chez Thomas Jolly, 1667-1671. Four volumes bound in three. [20],593,[3]; [16],539; [16],317,[8]; [6],362,[13]pp., plus eighteen plates (many folding) and five folding maps. Extra engraved titlepage in first and second volumes. Plate of arms in first, third, and fourth volumes. Contemporary calf, leather labels, spines gilt extra. Minor rubbing, some light edge wear. Final text leaf in first volume torn but no loss. Overall a fine, particularly fresh set in the original bindings.

The best edition, after the original abridged edition of 1654. This extensive work is full of detailed descriptions of life in the French Antilles, including natural history, slavery, plantation activities, and the like. The fine engraved plates depict sugar plantation work, slaves manufacturing indigo, animals, spiders, land and naval battles between the French and British in the Caribbean, etc. The maps are of St. Christopher, Guadeloupe, St. Croix, Marigalande, and Martinique. “This volu- minous account of the French settlements in the West Indies contains numerous passages which indicate the importance of tobacco in the political economy of the islands” – Arents. According to Rich, Dutertre was forced to publish the original 1654 edition before the work was complete: “The first edition of Father Du Tertre’s History of the Antilles, or rather the project of that work, which the Rev. Father was obliged to put to press in haste, because he understood that some other person was about printing it under some other name, thereby depriving him of the credit of it.” SABIN 21458. JCB (3)III:154-155. ARENTS 299. HANDLER 7. EUROPEAN AMER- ICANA 667/37. RICH 299. $24,000. 45. [Estaing, Charles Henri, Comte d’]: EXTRAIT DU JOURNAL D’UN OFFICIER DE LA MARINE DE L’ESCADRE DE M. LE COMTE D’ESTAING. [Paris]. 1782. [2],93pp. Plain paper wrappers. Faint dampstaining to rear wrapper and outer margin of last leaf. Two small ownership names on verso of front blank. Very good. Untrimmed. In a half leather slipcase.

First edition, third issue of the text. Authorship of this work is uncertain, but Howes theorizes that one Capt. Walsh is the author. Whoever wrote it served as an officer in the Comte d’Estaing’s squadron and is highly critical of his conduct. This work describes the operations of the French fleet in 1778-79, beginning with the departure from Toulon and covering the blockade of the British at New York; the planned but aborted naval battle off Newport; the encounter with the British fleet under Admiral John Byron; and the attack on Savannah, Georgia. The frontispiece is a portrait of d’Estaing, under which is a view of the taking of Grenada. This is one of the best sources for the Savannah attack, and an important Revolutionary naval item. CLARK I:234. HOWES E198. SABIN 23033. DE RENNE I:224. $1000.

With a Large Map of California

46. Ferry, Hypolite: DESCRIPTION DE LA NOUVELLE CALIFOR- NIE GEOGRAPHIQUE, POLITIQUE ET MORALE...AVEC UNE GRANDE CARTE DE LA NOUVELLE CALIFORNIE. Paris: L. Maison, 1850. [4],386pp. plus eight engraved plates and maps (including large folding map, approximately 20 x 15 inches). Contemporary half green cloth and marbled boards, spine gilt. Hinges rubbed. Internally clean and bright. Several plates trimmed close, affecting caption. Very good.

“The most complete and extensive work descriptive of California published in France at this time” – Cowan. “Ferry based his text on many sources and quoted extensively from Jacques Antoine Moerenhout. He included chapters on New Helvetia, the gold region, and methods of mining” – Kurutz. Also chapters on travel to California, different routes to take, etc. The large detailed map shows “Nouvelle Californie,” i.e. the entire region comprising present-day California, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Nevada. The map is quite detailed, showing missions, Indian tribes, ranchos, etc., and is based on Duflot de Mofras. The plates include a view of San Francisco, Sutter’s Fort, and other maps, including one of the San Francisco Bay area. A handsome and detailed French book on California. KURUTZ 236. COWAN, p.207. MONAGHAN 689. WHEAT, GOLD REGION 155- 156. WHEAT, GOLD RUSH 75 (ref ). SABIN 24198. HOWES F101, “aa.” $2750. The French Filson, with the Map

47. [Filson, John]: HISTOIRE DE KENTUCKE, NOUVELLE COL- ONIE A L’OUEST DE LA VIRGINIE.... Paris. 1785. [4],xvi,234pp. plus folding map. Half title. Contemporary French mottled calf, spine gilt extra, leather label, patterned endpapers. Extremities rubbed. Contemporary ownership inscription on front fly leaf. Internally clean. Very good plus.

The first French edition of Filson’s pioneering history of the settlements in Kentucky, issued the year after the extremely rare Wilmington, Delaware edition. “The most famous and important frontier book of the period...particularly important for the first map of Kentucky and the first published life of Daniel Boone” (Vail), including an account of Boone’s captivity. W.R. Jillson, in the introduction to his reprint of Filson, says Filson “has left to posterity a priceless tale of early days in Kentucky, which, for stirring action and regional description, has rarely been equalled as a piece of frontier writing in any part of the country, and never surpassed.” The map was the first to provide an accurate delineation of Kentucky, and this is the first obtainable edition, as the American first is known in only a few copies. HOWES F129. VAIL 726. SABIN 24338. CLARK II:23. CHURCH 1212. FIELD 536. AYER 99. VAUGHAN 105. $3250.

48. Franklin, Benjamin: EXPÉRIENCES ET OBSERVATIONS SUR ÉLECTRICITÉ FAITES A PHILADELPHIÆ EN AMÉRIQUE. Paris. 1752. 24,lxx,[10],222,[2],[30]pp. plus folding plate. 16mo. Contempo- rary French mottled calf, spine richly gilt in six compartments, gilt morocco label, marbled endpapers, all edges marbled. Chipped at spine ends, worn at corners, hinges a bit tender. Contemporary ink shelf mark on front free endpaper. Ex-Burndy library, with their bookplate on the front pastedown. Quite clean internally. A very good copy, in a contemporary binding. In a half morocco box.

The first French edition of Franklin’s famous work on electricity, a translation of the first part of his English publications on his experiments, originally published in London the previous year. This was the first edition issued in a foreign language, and the foundation of Franklin’s fame in France, where a quarter century later he was greeted as the great sage of the New World. HOWES F320, “aa.” FORD 80. $4250.

49. [Franklin, Benjamin]: LA SCIENCE DU BONHOMME RICHARD, MOYEN FACILE DE PAYER LES IMPÔTS. Philadelphia [but actually Paris]: Chez Ruault, 1778. 151,[5]pp. Half title. 12mo. Contemporary French calf, spine richly gilt, gilt morocco label. Calf a bit rubbed, small chip at foot of spine. Foxing. Final advertisement leaf torn in lower outer corner (perhaps a paper flaw?), costing a handful of letters of text. A good plus copy, in an attractive binding.

The Roderick Terry copy, with his bookplate on the front pastedown. The third French edition of Franklin’s The Way to Wealth. “Contains also the examination of Dr. Franklin before the British Parliament, in 1766, translated by Dupont de Nemours; the Constitution of Pennsylvania, as established in 1776; and the examination of Mr. Penn, at the bar of Parliament in 1776. Translated by MM. Quetant and Lecuy” – Sabin. This appeared the same year as the first and second (also French) editions, the year Franklin negotiated the first treaty between the United States and France and was the toast of Paris. SABIN 25583. FORD 115. $1500.

50. [Franklin, Benjamin]: ON L’A VU DÉSARMER LES TIRANS ET LES DIEUX [caption title]. Paris: François Denis Née, [1780]. Engraving, 14 x 8 inches, framed to 20 x 14 inches. Near fine.

Portrait of Benjamin Franklin engraved by François Née after a watercolor by Louis Carrogis de Carmontelle. In this portrait Franklin is seen in profile, facing left and seated comfortably in a French arm chair, his legs extended slightly in front of him and right his elbow leaning on the long table at his side. An open window behind the table shows a harbor view with the masts of several ships vis- ible. On the table next to Franklin are a book, a hat, and a document titled, “Les Loix de la Pensilvanie.” One of many portraits of Franklin that appeared after his arrival in France as the envoy of the fledgling United States. SELLERS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN IN PORTRAITURE, pp.215-16. $3750.

51. [Franklin, Benjamin]: MANUEL DE PHILOSOPHIE PRATIQUE, POUR SERVIR DE SUITE A LA SCIENCE DU BON-HOMME RICHARD, PAR FRANCKLIN, SUIVI DE L’ART DE VOIR.... Lau- sanne: Hignou et Compe, 1795. 130pp. Half title. 12mo. Antique-style half calf and marbled paper boards, gilt leather spine label. Bookplate and (later) bookseller’s ticket on front pastedown. Near fine.

Later edition of Franklin’s Way to Wealth, after the first appearance in the last Poor Richard’s almanac to be edited by Franklin personally, issued in 1757. Franklin’s seminal treatise on prosperity, based primarily on making hay while the sun shines. This Lausanne edition is scarce. FORD 134. $1000.

52. Franklin, Benjamin: CORRESPONDANCE INÉDITE ET SE- CRÈTE DU DOCTEUR B. FRANKLIN, MINISTRE PLÉNIPO- TENTIAIRE DES ÉTATS-UNIS D’AMÉRIQUE PRÈ LA COUR DE FRANCE, DEPUIS L’ANNÉE 1753 JUSQU’EN 1790.... Paris. 1817. Two volumes. vi,542; viii,480pp., plus frontispiece portrait and folding facsimile. Original paper wrappers, printed paper labels. Spines and wrappers chipped. Minor scattered foxing; light dampstaining to second volume. Very good. In a cloth clamshell box.

The correspondence of Benjamin Franklin during his time as American Minister to France. A piracy of Duane’s edition of Franklin’s correspondence, translated and edited by Charles Malo. FORD 554. $1000.

First French Language Newspaper Printed in Boston

53. [French-American Newspaper]: COURIER DE BOSTON, AFFICH- ES, ANNONCES, ET AVIS. Boston: Samuel Hall, April 23 – Oct. 15, 1789. Seventeen issues of 8pp. each, continuously paged, lacking issues 9-10, 12, 16, and 19-23. Quarto. Scattered foxing and mildewing. First and last issues tanned. Untrimmed. In a red cloth clamshell case, leather label.

The first French language newspaper published in Boston, and the second in the United States. “An undated Prospectus was issued in an octavo pamphlet of eight pages. The paper was of quarto size, paged and eight pages to the issue. The name of the editor is not given in the imprint, but Isaiah Thomas, in his History of Print- ing, 1874, vol. 1, p.178, states that the paper was printed for Joseph Nancrede, who taught French at Harvard College” – Brigham. This appears to be only the second French newspaper published in the United States, preceded only by the Courier de l’Amerique in Philadelphia, which ran from July through October, 1784. This paper is full of current American news, with extensive coverage of the beginnings of the federal government. A nice run of the paper, in original condition. EVANS 21773. BRIGHAM, p.285. George Parker Winship, “Two or Three Boston News- papers” in Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America (Vol. 14, pp.57-81), 1920. $2850.

England Tried for Starting the American Revolution

54. [Goudar, Ange]: LE PROCÈS DES TROIS ROIS, LOUIS XVI, DE FRANCE-BOURBON, CHARLES III, D’ESPAGNE-BOURBON, ET GEORGE III, D’HANOVRE, FABRICANT DE BOUTONS. PLAIDE AU TRIBUNAL DES PUISSANCES-EUROPÉENES. PAR APPENDIX, L’APPEL AU PAPE. Londres: George Carenaught, 1780. 8,192pp. plus folding frontispiece plate. Original plain blue-green wrappers, manuscript paper spine label. Wrappers a bit soiled and edgeworn. Titlepage a bit dusty. Very good. In original condition, untrimmed. In a blue half calf and cloth slipcase and chemise.

An interesting work satirizing the three European monarchs most intimately involved in the American Revolution, those of England, France, and Spain. “Aimed especially at Great Britain, this satire of the three major powers in the American War is in the form of a mock trial, which finds Great Britain guilty of starting the war. Extensive discussion of the United States. Benjamin Franklin, who is shown in the frontispiece, represents the U.S. and makes two speeches, the latter of which is a translation of almost all the Declaration of Independence.” This is certainly a false imprint; the style and production of the book are entirely French, nor is there an English edition as the line “Traduit de L’Anglois” on the title would suggest. This is one of several editions produced in 1780, the initial year of publication, and this copy conforms to what Echeverria and Wilkie presume to be the first issue of the first edition. Though it seems that this should have been printed in Paris, they surmise that it was probably printed in London, a conclusion with which we must respectfully disagree. The attractive folding plate shows a tribunal at which the three kings are being judged. It represents the Ottoman Emperor as President of the court, flanked by the Emperor of Morocco and an array of European monarchs. The kings on trial sit before them with their various ministers flanking them, while the representatives of the republics, including Paoli and Franklin, are to the right. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE 780/58. MARS, ANGE GOUDAR 140. FAY, p.13. $1250.

The Second Edition, and First French Edition, of The Federalist

55. Hamilton, Alexander, [et al]: LE FÉDÉRALISTE, OU COLLECTION DE QUELQUES ÉCRITS EN FAVEUR DE LA CONSTITUTION PROPO- SÉE AUX ÉTATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE, PAR LA CONVENTION CONVOQUÉE EN 1787.... Paris: Chez Buisson, 1792. Two volumes. [5],xxii-lii,366; [4],511pp. Half title in each volume. Contemporary French speckled calf, spines gilt, gilt morocco labels. A few instances of neat, contemporary ink marginalia. Light staining in upper margin of second half of first volume. Overall, a very handsome set, in lovely original condition.

First French edition, variant issue, of this classic of American political theory. This is also the first edition to identify the otherwise anonymous authors, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. Another French edition, with a long introduction by M. Trudaine de la Sablière, the French translator, was also published by Buisson in 1792, and its omission ex- plains the pagination in the present item. The present variant retains the original titlepage, with John Jay’s name misspelled as “Gay,” and uses the same sheets from the other 1792 printing. This French translation was the first to appear after the original first printing of 1788, in accord with the definite sympathies which existed between the two countries. HOWES H114, “aa.” SABIN 23993. FORD 18. GROLIER AMERICAN 100, 19. PRINTING AND THE MIND OF MAN 234. $6500.

Primary History of the French Colony in Texas

56. Hartmann, L., and — Millard: LE TEXAS, OU NOTICE HIS- TORIQUE SUR LE CHAMP D’ASILE.... Paris: Chez Beguin, 1819. [6],[4],135pp. plus folding plate. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Some light foxing and faint dampstaining. Signed by the author, as usual. Very good.

This is the primary source book for the history of the ill-fated effort of a group of Napoleonic veterans to establish a colony in Texas. The French group, under Gen. C.F.A. Lallemand, landed at Galveston in January 1818 and attempted to establish a colony on the Trinity River. The effort failed that summer, and the remaining starving colonists retreated to New Orleans. Despite its short life, the colony was the center of an important episode in the maneuvering between Spain, the United States, and the not yet independent state of Mexico, for control of Texas. The French settlers dreamed of establishing a new Napoleonic empire in the New World, and with more support they might have succeeded. This is one of four contemporary French books on the Champ d’Asile colony, and Streeter calls it “an indispensable source and by far the best of the group.” It consists of the diaries of Hartmann and Millard, a list of colonists, and Lallemand’s proclamation, as well as a folding plate showing the layout of the colony. A rare and important piece of early Texana. STREETER 1069. BASIC TEXAS BOOKS 85. GRAFF, FIFTY TEXAS RARITIES 6. HOWES H270, “b.” MONAGHAN 792. RAINES, p.109. SABIN 30706. $7500.

Early American Travels and Observations on Indians

57. Hennepin, Louis: NOUVEAU VOYAGE D’UN PAIS PLUS GRAND QUE L’EUROPE AVEC LES REFLECTIONES DES ENTERPRIS- ES DU SIEUR DE LA SALLE, SUR LES MINES DE ST. BARBE, &c.... Utrecht. 1698. [70],389pp. plus folding map and four folding plates. 12mo. Handsome tan crushed morocco, gilt extra, leather spine labels, marbled endpapers, a.e.g., by Lucien Broca. A few tiny marginal paper repairs. Other- wise, internally clean. Near fine.

First edition. This edition of Hennepin’s writings is a continuation of his Nouvelle Decouverte... of the previous year. In this work he added new material drawn from contemporary sources on Indian manners and customs and various North American travels. The first eight chapters describe the adventures and murder of La Salle, while the last concern the British treatment of the Recollets after the taking of Quebec in 1629. Lengthy passages are taken from Le Clercq’s Etablissement de la Foy of 1688. Despite the fact that Hennepin has been severely and justly criticized for imposture and plagiarism, his works, according to Thwaites, still stand as “invaluable contributions to the sources of American history; they deserve study, and to this day furnish rare entertainment. We can pardon much to our erratic friar, when he leaves to us such monuments as these.” No other narratives of French exploration in the interior of North America enjoyed as wide a popularity or stimulated as much controversy and criticism among later scholars as those of Hennepin. A Recollet missionary, Father Hennepin went to New France in 1675, and in 1678 he set out with La Salle to explore the fertile basin of the Mississippi River. While La Salle turned back to raise funds to continue the voyage, Hennepin went on to ascend the river from Fort Crevecoeur (Chicago) and penetrated farther northwest into the interior than any white man to that time. He discovered St. Anthony’s Falls near the present site of Minneapolis, and provided the first eyewitness account of Niagara Falls. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 698/101. ARENTS 432. CHURCH 774n. HARRISSE 177. HOWES H417. SABIN 31351. STREETER SALE I:104. STREIT II:2775. $11,000.

Important Collection on Early Louisiana

58. [Hennepin, Louis; Henri Tonti; et al]: RELATIONS DE LA LOUI- SIANE, ET DU FLEUVE MISSIS- SIPI. OU L’ON VOIT L’ÉTAT DE CE GRAND PAIS & LES AVAN- TAGES QU’IL PEUT PRODUIRE &c. Amsterdam: Jean Bernard, 1720. [2],408pp. plus folding map and fourteen plates. Contemporary marbled wrappers. Spine nearly perished. Inter- nally clean and bright. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth slipcase.

This volume is rich in interest, being drawn from material which originally appeared in the fifth volume of Jean Bernard’s Recueil de Voyages au Nord. It consists of Henri Tonti’s Dernieres Decouvertes..., here in the second French edition, one of the most important 17th-century French narratives of the Mississippi Valley; Hennepin’s Voy- age...Entre la Mer Glaciale, a later edition of his second book; Relation de la Louisiane ou Mississippi..., published here for the first time, an anonymous officer’s account of a visit of several months in 1717, “an interesting narrative of the Indians, French settlers, natural history and products, and trade, especially with the Indians” (Clark); and a short summary of the voyages of Gosnold and Pringe. These narratives are accompanied by fourteen plates of Indians, based on John White’s illustrations in De Bry, which do not appear in the regular set. Also present is the handsome folding map, a reissue on a smaller scale of De l’Isle’s 1718 Carte de la Louisiane et du Cours du Mississipi. This assemblage usually appears in an abbreviated form, and with fewer plates. SABIN 4936, 69299. HOWES T294 (ref ). CLARK I:137. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 720/19. SERVIES 283. $9500.

59. Hilliard d’Auberteuil, Michel Rene: ESSAIS HISTORIQUES ET POLITIQUES SUR LES ANGLO-AMÉRICAINS.... [continued as:] ESSAIS HISTORIQUES ET POLITIQUES SUR LA RÉVOLU- TION DE L’AMÉRIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE.... Bruxelles. 1781- 1782. Three volumes consisting of four text parts bound in two volumes, plus atlas volume. xvi,198; xii,199-441,[1, blank]; xii,208; xiv,[209]-436pp. Nine engraved plates (including portraits of Washington, Hancock, Franklin, and Pitt), nine engraved folding maps (including a plan of the Battle of Mon- mouth). Half titles and sectional titles to each part. Expertly bound to style in half calf and period marbled boards, spines gilt, red morocco label. Very good.

First edition of a rare history of the American Revolution, published shortly after Yorktown and before the Treaty of Paris, including fine portraits of Washington, Franklin, and Hancock, as well as an important plan of the Battle of Monmouth. This work is complete with the following eighteen plates and maps (many copies apparently only issued with seventeen), here bound as a separate atlas. Plates (sheet sizes: 7½ x 4¾ inches):

1) “Premiere Assemblee du Congres.” After Le Barbier, engraved by Beaufoy. 2) “J. Hancock.” Engraved by Pelicier. 3) “G. Washington.” After Trumbull, engraved by Le Roy. 4) “Contemplez l’Ouvrage du Pouvoir arbitraire.” After Le Babier, engraved by Patas. 5) “Son merite personnel l’emporte sure toutes les considerations” 6) “Incendie de New-York.” After Le Barbier, engraved by Halbou. 7) “Benjamin Franklin.” Engraved by Pelicier. 8) “William Pitt / Il faut declarer la guerre a la France.” 9) “La Balle a Frappe son Amante.” After Le Barbier, engraved by Halbou. Maps (all folding, without imprints or engravers names, sizes are sheet sizes): 1) “Carte de l’Amerique Septentrionale, depuis La Baye d’Hudson jusqu’au Mississipi.” 17 x 15½ inches. 2) “Carte de la Nouvelle Angleterre...par M. Brion de la Tour....” 9½ x 14¼ inches. 3) “Carte du Canada, de la Nouvelle Ecosse et de l’Acadie.” 9 5/8 x 14 3/8 inches. 4) “Carte des deux Carolines et de la Georgie.” 9 5/8 x 13 3/4 inches. 5) “Carte de la Nouvelle York, y-compris les Terres cedees du N. Hamp-shire, sous le nom d’Etat de Vermont.” 10 1/8 x 14 1/2 inches. 6) “Carte de la Virginie, du Maryland et de l’Etat de Delaware.” 9 5/8 x 14 1/2 inches. 7) “Carte de la Pensylvanie et de Nouveau Jersey.” 10 1/8 x 14 5/8 inches. 8) “Carte de la Route des Lacs, depuis Montreal et St. Jean, jusqu’a la Riviere d’Hudson.” 8 3/4 x 16 3/8 inches. 9) “Plan de la Bataille de Monmouth ou le G.l Washington Commandait l’Armee Americaine et le G.l Clinton l’Armee Anglaise, le 28 Juin 1778.” 10¼ x 16 inches. [After Capi- taine Michel Du Chesnoy]. One lettered and twenty-two numbered references. “The only contemporaneously published plan of this, the last major confrontation of the British and American armies in the northern theater” – Nebenzahl 140.

The author lived in Saint Domingue in the 1760s and in 1776 published an account of the colony highly critical of the French administration, for which he was forced to flee Paris for North America, where he lived for several years during the Revolution. He returned to Paris toward the end of the war and published his Essais Historiques, drafts of which he sent to Benjamin Franklin and through whom he forwarded copies to America. Thomas Jefferson would write to the author on Feb. 20, 1786: “America cannot but be flattered with the choice of the subject on which you are at present employing your pen. The memory of the American revolution will be immortal, and will immortalize those who record it.” The present example is the rare first edition; a second issue would follow in quarto format. HOWES H493. SABIN 31899. NEBENZAHL, BATTLE PLANS OF THE REVOLU- TION 140. $8500. “...one of the most valuable sources on the West during the British period”: An Early Speculator’s Copy

60. Hutchins, Thomas: DESCRIPTION TOPOGRAPHIQUE DE LA VIRGINIE, DE LA PENSYLVANIE, DU MARYLAND ET DE LA CAROLINE SEPTENTRIONALE.... Paris. 1781. 68,[4]pp. plus two (of three) folding maps on one sheet and one folding table. Contemporary mottled calf, rebacked with most of original backstrip retained, gilt French coat of arms on boards. Boards rubbed and edgeworn. Bookplate of the Earls of Annandale on front free endpaper. Map backed on cloth. Early ownership signature of “Savary” on titlepage, ink notations on one page of text, armorial plate on front free endpaper with an apparent signature erased. Good. Lacks the map, “Carte de Environs du Fort Pitt et de la Nouvelle Province Indiana Dediee a M. Franklin.”

The first French edition. “Hutchins’ work is one of the most valuable sources on the West during the British period. It is of particular interest for the Illinois country. The appended journal by Captain Kennedy describes his voyage up the Illinois River to its headwaters during July and August of 1773” – Streeter (1778 edition). Hutchins was the most accomplished geographer in America at the time, and his exact description of the regions west of the Alleghenies were the best available at the time of the Revolution. He produced a large map of the West at the same time he published this book, although they were not issued together. This French edition has an intriguing story behind it that warrants further research. It differs from the English edition in combining the two small maps of Kaskaskia and the Falls of the Ohio on a single sheet (present in this copy) and adds a larger folding map, “Carte de Environs du Fort Pitt et de la Nouvelle Province Indiana Dediee a M. Franklin” (lacking from this copy). On close examination, this proves to be a 1:1 reproduction, with captions in French, of a segment of the large map issued in London in 1778, about one-twelfth of the whole map, from the right center of the big map. Geographically this shows much of the present state of West Virginia, southwest Pennsylvania, and southeast Ohio. The French edition also differs from the British in containing an appendix with translations of all of the longer captions from the big British map of 1778. This copy bears the inscription on the titlepage: “Savary donné par [?] Oer. Consul.” This is likely Jean Savary de Valcoulon, who made the acquaintance of Albert Gallatin when Gallatin was teaching at Harvard. “In his native Lyons, Savary had already failed in business and had achieved a reputation as an ardent supporter of the principles of the American Revolution. He had found a way to serve both his economic and his idealistic needs by becoming an agent of René Rapicault, a Frenchman who had advanced money and supplies to the State of Virginia during the Revolutionary War. Unfortunately for his mission, Savary was unable to speak or write English, and he clung like ivy to the Harvard tutor who was becoming fairly fluent in it. Savary spoke no English and proposed that Gallatin accompany him on a business trip as interpreter, and Gallatin eagerly accepted....they bought from several sources warrants for 120,000 acres of land in the Ohio River valley.... One-quarter of this was to belong to Gallatin, with Savary obligingly advancing the money for the entire purchase” – Walters. Savary increased Gallatin’s share to one-half, and in 1784 the pair embarked on an expedition to the Ohio and the Great Kanawha, the first time they were to cross the Alleghenies. The expedition ended disastrously. (See Walters for a lengthy account of the association between Savary and Gallatin.) In 1794, Gallatin sold the entire amount of claims which he held with Savary, without warranty of title, to Robert Morris, then a major speculator in western lands, for $4000 in Pennsylvania currency. Gallatin went on to become Secretary of the Treasury. Hutchins’ Description Topographique de la Virginie... would have been of the greatest interest to Savary. How did this English book come to be translated and published, with these differences, in France in 1781, while England, France, and the United States were at war? The answer lies in the peculiar story of Hutchins. Although a native of America who grew up on the Pennsylvania frontier, Hutchins obtained a regular British army commission and saw extensive service during the French and Indian War. When the Revolution broke out he was in England, preparing his map and the accompanying Topographical Description.... In 1779 he resigned his commission rather than be sent to America to fight his countrymen, and later that year he was arrested for treasonable correspondence with Americans in France. At that time Franklin denied he knew Hutchins, a patent falsehood, since they had been well acquainted for years. After he was bailed out by powerful friends in England, Hutchins fled to France and made a bee-line for Franklin. He was in Paris in late 1780 when this translation was licensed on Nov. 15, and shortly thereafter left for America to become the “geographer to the United States by appointment to Congress.” The lands that Hutchins chose to highlight happened to center on the land claimed by the Indiana Company, in which both Franklin and the French minister, Vergennes, had financial stakes. It seems clear that, far from not knowing each other, Hutchins and Franklin were not only in correspondence when the former was arrested, but they shared mutual land promotional interests which both the English and French editions of this book aided to some degree. Undoubtedly, much more remains to be discovered about this relationship and its role in promoting American lands in France. HOWES H846. SABIN 34055. JCB (1)III:2709. Raymond Walters, Jr., Albert Gallatin Jeffersonian Financier and Diplomat, pp.15-25. Leo Schelbert, Historical Dictionary of Switzer- land, p.123. John Austin Stevens, “Albert Gallatin” in American Statesmen, Vol. XIII. $4000. Presented by Thomas Jefferson to John Trumbull: A Key Source of Classical Images for American Neo-Classicists 61. [ Jefferson, Thomas]: [Trumbull, John]: [Maréchal, Pierre Sylvain]: LES ANTIQUITÉS D’HERCULANUM AVEC LEURS EXPLI- CATIONS EN FRANÇOIS. Paris: Chez David, 1780-1781. Six volumes consisting of I, II, IIII, V, VI, and VII (without volumes III and VIII). With hundreds of illustrations. Contemporary mottled French calf, neatly rebacked in matching style, gilt extra, leather labels stamped in gilt. A bit of light scattered foxing, but generally quite clean internally. A handsome set. An absolutely phenomenal association copy of this influential study of the antiquities of the Italian city of Herculaneum, destroyed during an explosion of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D. This set of Les Antiquités d’Herculanum... was given by Thomas Jefferson to his young protégé, painter John Trumbull. Jefferson has inscribed it on the front fly leaf of the first volume” “Th. J. begs Mr. Trumbull will do him the favor to accept this copy of the Herculaneum.” Jefferson was instru- mental in furthering Trumbull’s career at an early stage and in encouraging him to create his painting of the presentation of the Declaration of Independence. That painting is one of Trumbull’s most important and iconic works, and in placing Jef- ferson at the center of that scene Trumbull helped to cement the Jefferson image in the American mind. Jefferson and Trumbull first met in London in early 1786, when Trumbull was thirty and Jefferson thirteen years his elder. At the time Trumbull was studying painting under Benjamin West, but was planning to visit Paris to study the artworks available there. Jefferson invited Trumbull to stay with him at his Paris residence, the Hotel de Langeac, and the two quickly became close. In fact, Trumbull joined William S. Smith and Jefferson’s secretary, William Short, in the small group of people that Jefferson asked to perform tasks or “commissions” for him. Trumbull lived with Jefferson for five or six weeks at the Hotel de Langeac, and Jefferson encouraged Trumbull in his early historical paintings. Trumbull had brought with him to Paris two of his recent historical paintings, “Death of General Warren at Bunker’s Hill” and “Death of General Montgomery at Quebec,” which he wanted to have engraved. It was almost certainly at Jefferson’s suggestion and encouragement that Trumbull added the Declaration of Independence to his series of American historical paintings. With Jefferson’s assistance and recollection of the event, Trumbull began his painting of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. It was Trumbull’s placing of Jefferson at the center of his painting, flanked by John Adams and Benjamin Franklin, that helped cement the centrality of Jefferson’s role as author of the Declaration in the public consciousness. Merrill Peterson asserts: “In the panegyrics of the Fourth of July...the popularity of Trumbull’s masterpiece of historical portraiture, ‘The Signing of the Declaration’ – Jefferson’s authorship of the American birthright was his certain title to immortality.” Jefferson espoused Trumbull’s talents and introduced him to important people in Paris, and Trumbull repaid the favor in consequential ways. Jefferson’s biographer, Dumas Malone, writes: “Jefferson was on the most intimate terms with Trumbull until the very end of his stay in France, and he always associated him in memory with what he called ‘our charming coterie in Paris.’” That coterie included Maria Cosway, the beautiful and vivacious young wife of English portraitist Richard Co- sway. Trumbull had already met the Cosways and introduced them to Jefferson in Paris in August 1786 at the Halle aux Bleds marketplace. The widowed Jefferson became enraptured with Maria Cosway and spent a great deal of time with her between August and October, 1786. Trumbull was often with the pair, touring art galleries, attending concerts, walking around Paris and journeying into the countryside. On Oct. 12, 1786, on the occasion of the Cosways return to England, Jefferson wrote Maria Cosway an anguished letter in which he related a debate between “my head and my heart.” It was to Trumbull that Jefferson entrusted the delivery of this confidential and revealing letter. Trumbull was also an intermedi- ary for Jefferson’s friendship with Angelica Schuyler Church, Alexander Hamilton’s sister-in-law. Mrs. Church and Maria Cosway were good friends, referring to each other as “sisters.” Jefferson, in fact, helped Mrs. Church secure a volume of the Herculanum in September 1788 (see Jefferson letter of Sept. 21, 1788 in Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. 13, pp.623-24). It is possible the gift of this set to Trumbull took place at the same time. The friendship between Jefferson and Trumbull continued after Trumbull left Paris for London and the United States. In 1788, Jefferson commissioned from Trumbull a canvas containing life-size busts of Francis Bacon, John Locke, and Isaac Newton, whom Jefferson considered as “the three greatest men that have ever lived.” Also in 1788, Trumbull painted a portrait of Jefferson, and would later make copies of that portrait for Maria Cosway, Angelica Church, and Jefferson’s eldest daughter, Martha. In 1789, anticipating that William Short was about to move on to other endeavors, Jefferson offered John Trumbull the position of his personal secretary, an offer that Trumbull declined. Sometime after that Jefferson recommended Trumbull for the position of American Minister to the Barbary states, a post that Trumbull also declined. In 1793, Jefferson and Trumbull (a Federalist and a New England Congregationalist) had a falling out over questions of politics and religious faith, issues that came to a head at a dinner Jefferson hosted that also included the Virginia politician, William Branch Giles. Trumbull and Giles already had bad blood between them, and when Jefferson seemingly took Giles’ side, Trumbull recalled that “from this time my acquaintance with Mr. Jefferson became cold and distant.” Jefferson’s gift to Trumbull of this set of Maréchal’s Antiquités d’Herculanum is significant on several levels. Excavations at Herculaneum, destroyed by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D., had begun in 1738. The publication of illustrated books such as those of Maréchal, showing the antiquities preserved and discovered at Herculaneum, had an important effect on the growing popularity of Neoclassical styles and themes in contemporary European and American art. Jefferson himself owned a set of Maréchal’s work (although it was not among the works sold to the Library of Congress; it appears in the 1828 sale catalogue of his retained library), and he not only gave this set to Trumbull, but ordered a set for the library at the University of Virginia as well. And as mentioned, Jefferson also assisted in secur- ing a volume of the set for Angelica Church in 1788. Jefferson himself was very influenced by classical styles, as evidenced in his architectural designs for Monti- cello and the University of Virginia. John Trumbull was also greatly influenced by classical art and was a central figure in the Neoclassical revival in America. This work would have been very important in the development of his artistic style. The first five volumes in Maréchal’s work (i.e. volumes I, II, IIII, and V in the present set) are devoted to painting, and volumes VI and VII are concerned with bronzes.\ An outstanding association copy, uniting Thomas Jefferson with one of his most talented protégés, John Trumbull, whose painting of Jefferson presenting the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776 did so much to establish Jefferson in the pantheon of America’s Founding Fathers. William Howard Adams, The Paris Years of Thomas Jefferson (New Haven, 1997). Dumas Malone, Jefferson and the Rights of Man (New York, 1951). Merrill D. Peterson, The Jefferson Image in the American Mind (New York, 1960), p.140. O’NEAL, JEFFERSON’S FINE ARTS LIBRARY 78. $85,000. “A monumental geographical work important equally for its text as well as its maps” – Streeter

62. Jefferys, Thomas: THE NATURAL AND CIVIL HISTORY OF THE FRENCH DOMINIONS IN NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA. London: Printed for Thomas Jefferys, 1760. Two parts bound in one volume. [8],168; [4],246pp., plus eighteen engraved folding maps and plans by Jef- ferys. Titles printed in red and black. Folio. Expertly bound to style in half 18th-century russia and period marbled boards, spine gilt with raised bands. Very good.

An important mid-18th-century work on French Canada, Louisiana, and the French colonies in the Caribbean. The introduction to the first part makes clear the reasons for the publication of the work at the end of the French and Indian War:

The Possessions of the French upon the Continent of North America, were always an interesting object to Great-Britain, as it is always necessary to know the Situation, Strength and Resources of contiguous Dominions that belong to a powerful State, whose Opposition of Interest makes her a natural Enemy, and whose military and commercial Knowledge makes her formidable as well in Peace as in War. But the Knowledge of this Territory is now become yet more important, as Providence has thought fit by a Series of Successes almost miraculous, to make it our own.

The editor goes on to note that the text is compiled from the “best Accounts that are already extant, either in our own or other Languages, and improved by Mate- rials that have from Time to Time been communicated to the Editor.” The text includes notes on the geography and history of the area described together with useful notes on the natural history and economic potential of the newly acquired lands. The maps by Thomas Jefferys are justly celebrated for their accuracy as well as aesthetic appeal. First edition, corrected second issue. This copy matches the second issue in that it includes the inserted pages *129-*138 which give an account of the French attempt to retake Quebec in 1760, and includes the overslip on page 80 in the second part, listing the parishes of Guadeloupe. LANDE 471. SABIN 35964. FIELD 775. HOWES J83. STATON & TREMAINE/TPL 319. STREETER SALE I:128 WALDON, p.454. $28,000.

A French Mercenary in the British Service in the American Revolution

63. Joly de St. Valier, Le Sieur: HISTOIRE RAISONÉE DES OPÉRA- TIONS MILITAIRES ET POLITIQUES DE LA DERNIÈRE GUERRE, SUIVIE D’OBSERVATIONS SUR LA RÉVOLUTION QUI EST ARRIVÉE DANS LES MOEURS & SUR CELLE QUI EST SUR LE POINT D’ARRIVER DANS LA CONSTITUTION D’ANGLETERRE. Liege. 1783. xii,235,[1]pp. plus 10pp. supplement (not found in all copies). Half title. [bound following:] Lacombe, François: TABLEAU DE LONDRES ET DE SES ENVIRONS, AVEC UN PRECIS DE LA CONSTITUTION DE L’ANGLETERRE, & DE SA DECADENCE. Londres et a Bruxelles. 1784. 191pp. Without half title. Bound together in contemporary French mottled calf, spine richly gilt. Hinges neatly repaired. Very clean internally. An attractive copy.

A firsthand account of the Revolution, by a little-known but fascinating French soldier of fortune who fought for the British. A disputatious and critical man, Joly de St. Valier condemns the British conduct of the war, especially in naval matters, and heaps some scorn on the French and De Grasse. The ten-page supplement, included here, is found in only some copies of the work. It was likely printed later and continues Joly’s war of words with Sir Joseph Yorke, former British Ambas- sador at the Hague, who was quite involved in British naval strategy during the war. A very rare work on the market, with much important firsthand material on the military history of the Revolution. The Streeter copy realized $450 in 1967. Joly’s work is bound in a contemporary French binding following a copy of François Lacombe’s Tableau de Londres et de Ses Environs..., which describes the moral and social failings of London and Britain as a whole, a consequence being the unlikeli- hood of their defeating the rebellious Americans. SABIN 36428. HOWES J182, “aa.” STREETER SALE 802. GRAFF 2230. $8500.

Classic Account of La Salle’s Last Voyage and Texas Settlement

64. Joutel, Henri: JOURNAL HISTORIQUE DU DERNIER VOYAGE QUE FEU M. DE LA SALE FIT DANS LE GOLFE DE MEX- IQUE, POUR TROUVER L’EMBOUCHURE, & LE COURS DE LA RIVIERE DE MISSICIPI [sic], NOMMÉE À PRESENT LA RIVIERE DE SAINT LOUIS, QUI TRAVERSE LA LOUISIANE.... Paris: Chez Estienne Robinot..., 1713. xxxiv,386pp. plus large folding map. 12mo. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards. Ink notations on front endpapers, light scattered foxing. Map is bright and fresh. Very good.

One of the premiere accounts of La Salle’s tragic final voyage, compiled from the diary of his close subordinate. The party embarked in 1684, ostensibly to establish a French base at the mouth of the Mississippi as headquarters for operations, but as well to push as far as possible into the region in order to gain a foothold against the Spanish. In fact, and via a conscious deceit, the base was established at Espiritu Santo Bay in Texas, where the party spent two years making excursions into the surrounding territory. When expected reinforcements failed to appear, La Salle and his men determined to return to Canada via the Mississippi; however, a member of the expedition assassinated La Salle when they reached the Trinity River, and the company split up. Some of the survivors, including Joutel, pressed on, reaching Canada by way of the Mississippi and Arkansas rivers. Joutel’s diary passed to other hands prior to publication, and the present edition, edited by De Michel, is somewhat abridged. It was published to counter the errors in Tonti’s Dernieres Decouvertes... (1697). The complete journal was not published until 1878, as part of Margry’s compilation. Joutel’s Journal is one of the major works of the period on the region, and “of the three narratives of this journey, those of Joutel, Cavelier, and Douay, the first is by far the best” (Francis Parkman). The splendid map, based on Joutel’s own observations, is the first map showing the results of La Salle’s journeys and provides, for its time, a very accurate delineation of the course of the Mississippi from its northern headwaters to its mouth, as well as that of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence, complete with a beautiful engraved cartouche of Niagara Falls. A handsome copy. HOWES J266, “b.” CHURCH 855. RAINES, pp.103-31. CLARK I:14. GREEN- LY, MICHIGAN, pp.20-21. JONES 149. WAGNER SPANISH SOUTHWEST 79. HARRISSE NOUVELLE FRANCE 750. SABIN 36760. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 713/103. $16,500.

First Edition of La Pérouse’s Voyage, with the Atlas

65. La Pérouse, Jean François: VOYAGE DE LA PÉROUSE AUTOUR DU MONDE.... Paris: de l’Imprimerie de la Republique, 1797. Four large quarto text volumes plus folio atlas. Text volumes: [4],lxxii,346,[1]; [4],398,[1]; [4],422,[1]; [4],309pp. plus engraved portrait frontispiece in first volume. At- las: Engraved titlepage plus sixty-nine maps and plates (many folding). Half titles. Text volumes: Large quarto. Original blue marbled paper boards, paper labels. Atlas: Large folio. Matching blue marbled boards, paper label. All untrimmed, some gatherings unopened, especially in third text volume. Some rubbing to spine ends, joints, and labels. Unobtrusive worming to part of the text in second and third volumes, persistent light dampstain at bottom edge of some leaves in third volume. Atlas with light marginal dampstaining on some leaves. Overall, a near fine copy in contemporary condition.

First edition of one of the greatest French voyages, published by order of the French government. La Pérouse, one of the foremost French navigators of the 18th century, left Brest with two vessels in 1785 to explore the northwest coast of America. He arrived there the following summer and explored extensively along the Alaskan coast, then sailed south to California. The expedition’s goals were to explore the potential for fur trading ventures, pursue the geographical exploration of both America and Siberia, investigate the possibility of a northwest passage, and establish some French claim north of Spanish and south of Russian claims on the American coast. After his California visit, La Pérouse visited China, some Pacific islands, and the Siberian coast. He sent back copies of his journals, both overland across Russia and via British ships met at Botany Bay in the spring of 1788. After he left Australia his party was never seen again, and it was not until the 1820s that the wrecks of his ships were discovered on a reef in the Santa Cruz group. When it became clear that something had happened to the expedition, a decision was made to publish the journals he had transmitted home. The La Pérouse voyage is notable for its superb mapping of the Alaska and California coasts (discussed at length by Wagner in Cartography of the Northwest Coast), including maps of San Diego, Monterey, and the entire Northwest Coast. The atlas also contains numerous interesting views of the coast in California and the Pacific, as well as botanical and natural history plates. The text contains a wealth of scientific and ethnographic information. “It is one of the finest narratives of maritime exploration ever written, and certainly deserves to hold a place of high honor among the great travel accounts of the eighteenth century” – Howell. Although La Pérouse did not sail around the world, as announced in the title, he might well have achieved that objective if disaster had not overtaken him. HILL 972. HOWES L93, “b.” STREETER SALE 3493. WAGNER NORTHWEST COAST 837-848, pp.199-201. SABIN 38960. ZAMORANO 80, 49. COWAN, p.383. LADA-MOCARSKI 52. FERGUSON 251. FORBES 272. $35,000.

Some Imaginary Cartography

66. Lahontan, Louis Armand, Baron de: NOUVEAUX VOYAGES DE MR. LE BARON DE LAHONTAN, DANS L’AMERIQUE SEP- TENTRIONALE. [with:] MEMOIRES DE L’AMERIQUE SEP- TENTRIONALE, OU LA SUITE DES VOYAGES.... The Hague: Chez les Freres l’Honore, 1703. Two volumes. [24],279pp. plus frontispiece, two folding maps, and eleven plates (two folding); 220,[17]pp. plus folding map and eleven plates (three folding). 12mo. Later 19th-century half calf and marbled boards, spines gilt. Extremities rubbed. Large folding map reinforced at folds. Some light toning and soiling. About very good.

First edition, third issue with the titlepages all in black and the globe vignette, with the maps re-engraved and improved. This is cartographically the best edition. Lahontan’s narrative is a curious blending of fact and fantasy. His account of his travels in the Great Lakes region is one of the most important travel narratives of the day, but his claims to having travelled west of the Mississippi are highly doubtful; however, his assertions had great impact on geographers of the time, who adopted much of his imaginary geography. The most notable map in the book is the “Carte de la Riviere Longue,” depicting an imaginary river extending westward from Lake Superior, a concept which confused generations of cartographers. The “Carte General de Canada” is also considerably confused geographically. Whatever his shortcomings as an explorer, Lahontan was one of the most perceptive observers of American Indian life at the time, and this work is a major source for the Huron and other tribes on the Great Lakes. It remains a classic voyage by a man “of more than ordinary learning and intelligence” (Sabin). HOWES L25, “b.” CLARK I:111. PILLING, ALGONQUIAN 291. MICHIGAN RARITIES 6. WHEAT TRANSMISSISSIPPI 86. SABIN 38635, 38636. GREENLY, MICHIGAN 9 (ref ). EUROPEAN AMERICANA 703/90. LANDE 497. $7500.

Laplace Consolidates French Power in the Pacific: His Second Great Voyage, Including Hawaii

67. Laplace, Cyrille Pierre Theodore: CAMPAGNE DE CIRCUMNAVI- GATION DE LA FRÉGATE L’ARTÉMISE, PENDANT LES AN- NÉES 1837, 1838, 1839 ET 1840.... Paris: Arthus Bertrand, 1841-1854. Six volumes. xxxix,343,[3]; [4],467,[3]; [2],548,[1]; [4],464,[3]; [4],iii,542,[2]; [4],400pp., plus two maps and thirty-one plates. Contemporary half calf and marbled boards, spines gilt. Extremities lightly rubbed. Some light foxing. Very good.

“This is the official account of Laplace’s second voyage of circumnavigation....This voyage of the Artémise is of great importance for the part it played in the expansion and consolidation of French interests in the Pacific Ocean. The objectives of this voyage were to advance wherever possible French political and commercial interests in the Pacific, particularly with regard to Tahiti and Hawaii. “Laplace arrived in Honolulu on July 9, 1839. His visit had the specific inten- tion of redressing ‘grievances’ of French citizens, and reinforcing treaty agreements, and it has been described as one of ‘avowed hostility’ ( Judd and Lind). Captain Laplace had instructions to impress upon the king of the Hawaiian Islands the power of France, and by issuing a ‘Manifesto,’ to demand satisfaction for wrongs done to French citizens; achieve freedom of worship for the Catholic religion and freedom from persecution for Catholics; and ensure the introduction of French priests, the importation of wines and brandies, and the trial of French nationals by foreign juries. He forced the Hawaiian government to sign a treaty to this effect, and he demanded and received twenty thousand dollars as guarantee of good conduct and a salute of 21 guns to the flag of France. The cash guarantee, which literally emptied the Hawaiian treasury, was not returned to the Hawaiian government for a number of years. “The fine quality engraved views in the text volumes depict scenes where stops were made during the course of the voyage. These include Monterey, California, Port Arthur, Tasmania, Papeete, Manila, Macao, Calcutta, and Bombay. There is one Hawaiian plate in this work (Vol. V, p.442): ‘Honorourou, Capitale dOuahou, vu du Mouillage’ (10.5 x 17.3 cm). The original watercolor of this plate, by Lieuten- ant (later Admiral) François Edmond Paris, is in the Bishop Museum Collection, a gift of Mr. Donald Angus. The work was originally issued in livraisons (parts), and volumes were bound in green paper covered boards, with advertisements for other works on the back covers of each. The first livraison (part one of Vol. I) was recorded in the Bibliographie de la France, October 16, 1841 (No. 1906). At that time, it was announced the work would form four volumes octavo, ornamented with 30 to 35 woodcut vignettes, and a map. ‘Each volume will be divided into 2 livraisons which shall be published in intervals.’ Each livraison was priced at 7 francs to subscribers, and after the publication of the third livraison it was stated that the subscription list would be closed, and the price for each part to nonsub- scribers increased to 8 francs. Volume IV (with livraisons 7 and 8) was recorded as received July 15, 1848 (Bibliographie No. 3620). The two later volumes do not seem to be recorded in the Bibliographie” – Forbes. The maps illustrate Laplace’s route for this voyage as well as his earlier circumnavigation aboard the Favorite in 1830-32. Forbes would seem to be in error in calling for a total of thirty-two plates; specifically in calling for a total of six plates in the fourth volume. The plate list in that volume calls only for five plates, and the four copies we have examined (including two in original printed boards) each have only five plates in the fourth volume, making a total of thirty-one plates for the set. Extremely rare. Forbes locates only seven copies. FORBES 1298. HILL 981. DUNMORE, pp.317-40. HUNNEWELL, p.50. O’REILLY & REITMAN 984. SABIN 38983. TAILLEMITE, p.197. JUDD & LIND 105. $18,500.

68. Las Casas, Bartolomé de: RELATION DES VOYAGES ET DES DE’COUVERTES QUE LES ESPAGNOLS ONE FAIT DANS LES INDES OCCIDENTALES. [bound with:] L’ART DE VOYAGER UTILEMENT. Amsterdam. 1698. [10],402,[2]; [4],51,[1]pp., plus frontispiece. 12mo. 20th-century green morocco by Brugalla, gilt, a.e.g., gilt inner dentelles. Spine lightly sunned. Minor scattered foxing. Near fine.

An interesting combination of Montauban’s account of his buccaneering voyages against the slave ships off Guinea, and Las Casas’ stirring tracts against the brutal treatment of the West Indies natives. Sieur de Montauban was a member of the group of French pirates who took the name “Freres de la Cotes.” His hatred for the Spanish and English impelled him to terrorize their slave ships off the West Afri- can coast. He became famous for freeing African slaves and for his demonstrated respect for their humanity. Las Casas, the first great historian and humanist of the New World, arrived in Cuba in 1502 and spent most of his time in the Caribbean and Mexico until his return to Spain in 1547. An early critic of Spanish policy, he nonetheless rose to be Bishop of Chiapas. After his return to Spain he launched a series of attacks on Spanish Indian policy. His tracts, first published in 1551-52 and printed in the present volume in an English translation, denounce Spanish cruelty to Indians in the West Indies and Mexico. This is a translation of four of the nine Las Casas tracts, softened in some of the cruel parts “which might have given pain to delicate persons” (Sabin). The third work, L’Art de Voyager Utilement, is a short, rare, anonymous piece extolling the virtues of “le Voyager.” Its author discusses what it takes to join their ranks: courage and rugged strength to endure the inevitable hardship and depriva- tion that accompanies life on the high seas and in unknown parts of the world. A handsome volume. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 698/33, 698/148. SABIN 11274. PALAU 46965n. ME- DINA (BHA) 1085n. JCB (4):359. NICHOLSON C127. HANKE 560. STREIT I:735. $3750.

French Libertine Among American Indians

69. Le Beau, Claude: AVANTURES DU SR. C. LE BEAU, AVOCAT EN PARLEMENT, OU VOYAGE CURIEUX ET NOUVEAU, PARMI LES SAUVAGES DE L’AMERIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE.... Am- sterdam: Chez Herman Uytwerf, 1738. Two volumes. [14],370,[6]; 430,[6] pp., plus six plates (all folding) and folding map. Titlepages printed in red and black. 12mo. Contemporary calf, raised bands, spines gilt. Spine ends bit chipped, bookplates removed. Small old circular stamp on titlepage of second volume and first text page of first volume. Still, a very good, clean set. Both volumes in a single cloth slipcase.

In 1729, Le Beau was transported to New France from a French prison where he had been incarcerated for libertinism. He fled from Quebec to Holland in 1730, having been charged with counterfeiting and thereby facing a death sentence. Sa- bin describes his narrative as “a pleasant gossiping book, evidencing considerable acquaintance with the subjects described. It contains a description of the manners and customs of the Iroquois, the Hurons, the Algonquins, and other Indian tribes, derived from the author’s personal experiences, although the style in which the work is written is rather that of a romance than a true narrative.” Of particular interest are the chapters in which the author discusses the habits of the beaver and the religious ideas and customs of the Indians. “A description of Huron, Iroquois, and Algonquin customs, written in charming style and based, the Author claims, on observations made on a trip to America in 1729” – TPL. TPL 168. LANDE 513. HOWES L167. BELL L126. FIELD 901. GAGNON I:1992. JCB I:582. SABIN 39582. WINSOR IV, p.299. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 738/41. DCB II, pp.373-74. $2250.

A Primary Source for Jesuit Missions and Travels

70. [Le Gobien, Charles, and others, editors]: LETTRES ÉDIFIANTES ET CURIEUSES...NOUVELLE ÉDITION AUGMENTÉE [PAR L’ABBÉ Y. M. M. DE QUERBEUF]. Paris: J.G. Merigot, 1780-1783. Twenty-six volumes. Fifty-six maps and plates. Contemporary gilt calf. A fine set.

Styled “New edition” on the titlepage, this is the second edition, and first collected, with significant additions and corrections by the editor, l’Abbé Querbeuf. It is also reorganized by geographical areas. “This edition is generally preferred to the original, because it has the advantage of being systematically arranged” – Sabin. The reports on Jesuit missions cover their activities throughout the globe, including highly important material on North America. “[The volumes] are filled with Relations, Narratives, and Letters from Jesuit Missionaries... they are undoubtedly among the most authentic sources of information, regarding some of the most obscure and mysterious of aboriginal customs, languages, and religions...The most important historic portion...perhaps of the whole collection, is the Journal of an Abenakis missionary who was present at the massacre, by the Indians, of the English garrison of Fort George, after it had surrendered....A curious identification of the name of the city of Chicago is found in the letter of Father Petit, which gives minute details of the Illinois chief Chicaugou to the mission...Every one of these volumes is crowded with interesting details for the history of the aborigines of the countries in which these wonderful men held their missions” – Field. In addition to this material, the collection publishes the important Piccolo letter describing California, the activities of missionaries there and in the Southwest, and has the third printing of the famed Kino map showing that California is not an island. The other world relations are equally informative. The continued struggle in China is given exhaustive treatment, while other volumes discuss work in the Philippines, Madagascar, Japan, Bengal, Armenia, Ethiopia, and many others in addition to those mentioned above. Overall, the Lettres Édifiantes... comprises one of the best sources for studying the remarkable international deployment of Jesuit missionaries and their contributions to a European understanding of the varied and exotic cultures and lands of the world. An impressive set. HOWES L299. SABIN 40698. WHEAT TRANSMISSISSIPPI 89 (ref). WAGNER, SPANISH SOUTHWEST 74 (ref ). BELL J72. HILL 1014. $13,500.

The Siebert Copy

71. Le Page du Pratz, Antoine: HISTOIRE DE LA LOUISIANE.... Paris: Chez de Bure [et al], 1758. Three volumes. xvi,358; 441; 451,[3]pp., plus forty engraved plates, two folding maps, folding plan, and errata. Half title in each volume. 16mo. Contemporary mottled calf, spine richly gilt. A beautiful, fresh, fine set.

One of the most useful contemporary authorities on French Louisiana, based on the author’s sixteen-year residence there. Jefferson instructed Lewis and Clark to take an edition of the book on their expedition. Le Page du Pratz affords a great deal of useful information on the Natchez and other Mississippi tribes, and his work as a whole has been the basis for many later studies of the period. “...Valu- able for showing French claims to southern territory east of the Mississippi and for particulars concerning Indian nations there” – Howes. Of special interest is a short account of Louis de St. Denis’ expedition to New Mexico in 1715. “...A curious mixture of history, travel narrative, tall stories, and reminiscences...touch[ing] upon almost every phase of Louisiana in [the author’s] time...” – Clark. There is a folding plan of New Orleans and a “Carte de la Louisiane” which shows a large eastward-flowing Missouri. SIEBERT SALE 675 (this copy). HOWES L266, “aa.” CLARK I:75. GRAFF 2462. RADER 2219. RAINES, p.73. SABIN 40122. STREETER SALE 127. FIELD 910. WHEAT TRANSMISSISSIPPI 158. $5750.

Important Atlas of the Revolution

72. Le Rouge, Georges Louis: ATLAS AMERIQUAIN SEPTENTRION- AL CONTENANT LES DETAILS DES DIFFERENTES PROV- INCES, DE CE VASTE CONTINENT. TRADUIT DES CARTES LEVÉES PAR ORDRE DU GOUVERNEMENT BRITANNIQUE. PAR LE MAJOR HOLLAND, EVANS, SCULL, MOUZON, ROSS, COOK, LANE, GILBERT, GARDNER, HILLOCK, &c. &c. Paris: Chez Le Rouge, 1778. Engraved frontispiece depicting William Penn meeting with the Indians after Benjamin West; engraved title incorporating table of contents; seventeen engraved maps (nine double-page, eight folding; fourteen with period hand-coloring in outline). The maps numbered in contemporary manuscript. Folio. Expertly bound to style in 18th-century russia over contemporary marbled paper covered boards, flat spine in seven compartments divided by gilt rules, brown morocco lettering piece in the second compart- ment. Provenance: unidentified European ink stamp on title with Royal arms; Leander van Ess (1772-1847, bookplate on verso of title).

The atlas was issued soon after France’s entry into the war of the American Revo- lution and it served French commanders in the land campaigns. Le Rouge used the best large-scale general survey maps that were available including the famous John Mitchell map of North America in eight sheets. Other cornerstone Ameri- can multi-sheet maps here are: the Braddock Mead map of New England, the Montresor New York, Scull’s Pennsylvania, the Fry and Jefferson map of Virginia and Maryland, Mouzon’s of the Carolinas, De Brahm’s Georgia (with large scale insets of Sauthier’s map of the Hudson River and Lake Champlain), and Jefferys’ Louisiana and East and West Florida. Remarkably complete in its geographical coverage of the Thirteen Colonies, the Atlas Ameriquain drew upon the available British sources, as published by Jefferys, Faden, Sayer and Bennett, to which Le Rouge added his own work. It became the basic source for French strategic planning and pursuit of the war. The maps comprise:

1) “L’Amerique Suivant le R.P. Charlevoix jte. Mr. De La Condamine et plusiers autres nouvle. observations.” 1777. Double-page. 19 5/8 x 25 ½ inches. Handcolored in outline. With a Le Rouge overslip covering the imprint in the cartouche. 2) “Theatre de la Guerre en Amerique.” 1777. Double-page. 24 5/8 x 20 inches. Hand- colored in outline. McCORKLE 777.14. SELLERS & VAN EE 154. 3) John Mitchell: “Amerique Septentrionale avec les Routes, Distances en miles, Villages et Etablissements François et Anglois par le Docteur Mitchel...Corrigee en 1776 par M. Hawkins.” 1777. 8 sheets joined as 4. Approximately 59 x 79 inches. Hand- colored in outline. McCORKLE 777.15. RISTOW, p.112. TOOLEY. p,124. MORELAND & BANNISTER, pp.171-72. 4) Jonathan Carver: “Nouvelle Carte de la Province de Quebec...par le Capitaine Carver et autres.” 1777. Double-page. 20 x 26 ¾ inches. Handcolored in outline. 5) Thomas Jefferys: “Nouvelle Ecosse ou Partie Orientale du Canada. Traduitte de l’Anglois de la Carte de Jefferys publiée a Londres en May 1755.” [1777]. Double- page. 20 x 24 ¼ inches. 6) Braddock Mead: “A Map of the most Inhabited part of New England containing the Provinces of Massachusets Bay and New Hampshire with the Colonies of Connecticut and Rhode Island...La Nouvelle Angleterre en 4 Feuilles.” 1777. 4 sheets joined as 2. Approximately 38 ½ x 40 ¼ inches. Handcolored in outline. McCORKLE 755.19. SELLERS & VAN EE 802. Crone, “John Green. Notes on a neglected Eighteenth Century Geographer and Cartographer” in IMAGO MUNDI VI (1950), pp.89-91. Crone, “Further Notes on Braddock Mead, alias John Green” in IMAGO MUNDI VIII (1951), p.69. CUMMING, BRITISH MAPS OF COLONIAL AMERICA, pp.45-47. 7) Capt. John Montresor: “Province de New York en 4 feuilles par Montresor.” 1777. 4 sheets joined as 2. Approximately 56 x 36 ½ inches. Handcolored in outline. McCORKLE 777.16. SELLERS & VAN EE 1068. 8) Claude Joseph Sauthier and Bernard Ratzer: “Carte des Troubles de l’Amerique levee par ordre de Chevalier Tryon Capitaine Generale et Gouverneur de la Province de New-York ensemble le Province de New-Jersey par Sauthier et Ratzer.” 1778. Double- page. 28 ¼ x 21 inches. Handcolored in outline. McCORKLE 778.18. 9) William Scull: “A Map of Pennsylvania exhibiting not only the improved parts of that Province but also its extensive Frontiers...La Pensilvanie en 3 Feuilles.” [1778]. 3 sheets joined. 27 1/8 x 52 ½ inches. Handcolored in outline. SELLERS & VAN EE 1297. PHILLIPS, p.675. 10) Joshua Fisher: “Baye de la Delaware avec les Ports, Sondes, Dangers, Bancs &c. depuis les Cape jusqu’a Philadelphie.” 1777. Double-page. 19 ¾ x 25 ½ inches. SELLERS & VAN EE 1357. PHILLIPS, p.262. 11) Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson: “Virginie, Maryland en 2 feuilles par Fry et Jefferson.” 1777. 2 sheets joined. 27 x 39 ½ inches. Handcolored in outline. CUMMING, SOUTHEAST IN EARLY MAPS 281. DEGREES OF LATITUDE 30. PHILLIPS, p.982. 12) Henry Mouzon: “An Accurate Map of North and South Carolina with their In- dian Frontiers...Caroline Septentrionale et Meridionale en 4 feuilles.” 1777. 4 sheets joined as 2. Approximately 40 x 54 inches. Handcolored in outline. SELLERS & VAN EE 1395. PHILLIPS, p.615. CUMMING 450. 13) William Gerard De Brahm: “Caroline Meridionale et Partie de la Georgie.” 1777. 4 sheets joined as 2. Approximately 52 x 41 inches. Handcolored in outline. With a large inset of the course of the Hudson River after Sauthier. CUMMING 310 (ref ). DEGREES OF LATITUDE 57 (ref ). PHILLIPS, p.820. 14) Nathaniel Pocock: “Nouvelle Carte des Cotes des Caroline Septentrionales et Meridi- onales du Cap Fear a Sud Edisto Levees et Sondees par N. Pocock en 1770.” 1777. Double-page. 16 5/8 x 22 inches. SELLERS & VAN EE 1398. 15) Thomas Jefferys: “Carte de la Floride Occidentale et Louisian...La Peninsule et Golfe de la Floride ou Canal de Bahama avec les Iles de Bahama.” 1777. 2 sheets joined. 19 ½ x 47 ½ inches. Handcolored in outline. 16) Le Rouge: “La Martinique une des Antilles Françoises de l’Amerique.” 1753 [but 1777]. Double-page. 20 ¼ x 25 ½ inches. Handcolored in outline. 17) Le Rouge: “La Guadeloupe.” 1753 [but 1777]. Double-page. 19 x 21 ½ inches. Handcolored in outline.

PHILLIPS ATLASES 1212. HOWES J81. SABIN 35954. SCHWARTZ & EHREN- BERG, p.202. $95,000.

The Most Important Early Collection of French Treaties

73. Leonard, Frederic [editor]: RECUEIL DES TRAITEZ DE PAIX, DE TREVE, DE NEUTRALITE, DE CONFEDERATION, D’ALLIANCE, ET DE COMMERCE, FAITS PAR LES ROIS DE FRANCE, AVEC TOUS LES PRINCES, ET POTENTATS DE L’EUROPE, ET AUTRES, DEPUIS PRES DE TROIS SIECLES. Paris. 1693-1719. Seven volumes. Engraved portraits. Quarto. Contemporary calf, spines gilt extra. Moderate rubbing to extremities. Head and toe of spines chipped on first, second, and fifth volumes. Hinges starting on a few volumes, some minor worming in spine areas. Armorial bookplate in each volume. Else a very good set, internally clean except for only occasional foxing and tanning.

A vast collection of all the treaties and commercial agreements entered into by France with other nations from 1435 to 1700, including many treaties relating to America. The NUC entry for this work describes it in six volumes and locates five sets. Sabin states the work consists of six regular volumes plus two additional volumes of twenty-nine treaties with separate titlepages for each. This set includes the first of these additional volumes, but not the second. An important collection of treaties, with much material relating to French possessions in America. Frances Davenport identifies eleven treaties for which the Leonard set gives the first or first French printing between 1556 and 1684, as follows:

1) Davenport 20. Treaty between France and Spain, 1556, by which the French agreed to stay out of Spanish America and the Spanish agreed to leave alone French fisheries off the North American coast. 2) Davenport 22. Treaty between France and Spain, 1585. A similar agreement to keep France out of the Indies. 3) Davenport 26. Treaty between France and England, 1603. This treaty was made while England and Spain were still at war, and arranged for the French and Brit- ish to take concerted action, with England raising a fleet to attack the Spanish New World dominions. It became a dead letter when James I made peace with Spain the next year. 4) Davenport 29. A defensive alliance between the Netherlands, France and England, in which the latter two agreed not to interfere with Dutch trade in the New World. 5) Davenport 32. Treaty between the Netherlands and France, agreeing not to interfere with each other’s trade in the New World. 6) Davenport 34. Treaty between England and France, settling the brief war between the powers of 1627-28. In this war the British had seized much of New France, including Quebec, which was restored with the peace. 7) Davenport 36. Treaty between Great Britain and France (St. Germain-en-laye). This treaty followed up Davenport 34, above, and called for the specific restora- tion of all of Canada; England gave up Nova Scotia reluctantly, and only in the face of French naval superiority. 8) Davenport 37. Treaty between France and Portugal, 1641. Portugal, having won independence back from Spain, agrees to cooperate with the French and Dutch against Spain in the New World. 9) Davenport 68. Agreement between Spain and the Netherlands, made by Spain in an attempt to defend its New World possessions. 10) Davenport 73. Cessation of hostilities in America between France and Sweden on one hand, and Denmark and Brandenburg on the other, 1679. This war had involved battles between the West Indian possessions of all powers, and restored the status quo while allowing free trade in West Indian ports. 11) Davenport 77. Treaty between Spain and France, 1684 (Ratisbon). This treaty supposedly brought peace between the Spanish and French throughout the world, but was really a screen by Louis XIV for his incursions on Spanish dominions in the New World. Immediately after it he authorized La Salle to start his colony on the Gulf of Mexico, and attempted to seize northern New Spain.

A most important collection. SABIN 40104. $12,500.

The American Minister in France Describes His Impressions, 1802

74. Livingston, Robert: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM AMERICAN MINISTER TO FRANCE ROBERT LIVINGSTON TO HIS SISTER, CATHARINE, DESCRIBING THE WORKINGS OF THE FRENCH LEGISLATURE, HIS IMPRESSIONS OF FRENCH POLITICS AND SOCIETY, AND A DESCRIPTION OF THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT SULPICE]. Paris. Feb. 22, 1802. [7]pp. manuscript on two folded folio sheets. Second sheet (containing final three pages of letter and the address page) lightly silked to repair tears and some paper loss. Overall, in very good condition. In a half morocco and cloth folding box, spine gilt.

A very interesting letter from Robert Livingston, United States Minister to France, to his sister in America, describing the workings of the French legislature’s “Corps Legislatif,” the architecture of the Saint Sulpice cathedral, and giving his impressions of Parisian life. Livingston’s most notable achievement while in France was his negotiation, along with James Monroe, of the Louisiana Purchase Treaty of 1803. However, he had a long career in American politics, serving in the Continental Congress, being assigned to the committee that drafted the Declaration of Inde- pendence, and helping to write the constitution of New York in 1777. Livingston was a man of keen intellect, and his observations of political structures and machi- nations are insightful. In this letter Livingston offers valuable descriptions and impressions of French politics and society, and also gives an excellent description of the magnificent Roman Catholic cathedral, Saint Sulpice. Robert Livingston (1746-1813) was born in New York City, attended King’s College, and as a young man practiced law with John Jay. He had a long career in politics and diplomacy, beginning with his appointment as recorder of New York City in 1773. A member of the Second Continental Congress, Livingston was assigned to the committee appointed to draft the Declaration of Independence, though it does not appear that he played a significant role in the process, and he was not on hand in Philadelphia to sign the document. From 1777 to 1801 he was the first Chancellor of New York, the highest judicial position in the state, which entitled him to administer the oath of office to George Washington when he assumed the presidency in 1789. In 1777 he also served on the convention that wrote the constitution of the state of New York. Politically, Livingston would eventually align himself with the Jeffersonian Republicans, which estranged him from many of the leaders of his region, including Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. From 1781 to 1783 he was the United States’ Secretary of Foreign Affairs, the chief diplomatic position under the Articles of Confederation. In 1801, Livingston became American Minister to France, and it was in this role that he and James Monroe negotiated the Louisiana Purchase Treaty, signed April 30, 1803. Late in life he was involved with Robert Fulton in developing steamboats as a means of transportation. A large part of this letter is taken up by a description of the lower chamber of the French legislature, the so-called “Corps Legislatif.” Livingston’s description is valuable for giving an account of the functioning of this body some two years before Napoleon stripped it of much of its power. He writes:

I set out with my sons upon a visit to the Corps Legislative to whose sittings you are admitted by tickets. The constitution having directed that there shall not be more than two hundred spectators – this regulation originated in the influence that the galleries formerly had, in the deliberations of the Legislature. It was usual for the violent party to have a mob occupy the tribunes as they were called, who cryed [sic] down their opponents, indeed interfered so much, as in a great measure as to govern the debates & resolutions. The new constitution not only guards against this evil but by condemning the Legislature themselves to silence, they take care that one member shall not influence another – all they can say is yes, or no, every law being proposed by the government, debated by the Tribunate, & if they & the government disagree, they each appoint orators. These are pitted against each other in the Corps Legislative, who determine ultimately on what is offered without debate; you may easily believe that a set of French politicians condemned to lose the use of their tongues cannot feel very easy in their seats.

After discussing the procedures of the legislature, Livingston moves on to a detailed description of the legislative chamber itself, and of the manners and dress of the members of the body:

The house they sit in was a palace of the prince of Conde, very large and elegant, it has one front upon the Seine, another upon the place de Vindoms at the distance of about 700 feet. The room the Legislature occupies is a semi-circle, the seats rising in regular gradation one above the other, with a very elevated seat for the president, in front of whom is the altar of Liberty & Law & one each side, statues of the greatest statesmen & orators, apparently speaking from their nitches [sic]. The floor is tipulated marbled & the wall so exact an imitation of it as not to be distinguished but by a connoisseur. Above & at the extremity of the circle are the boxes for the spectators. The roof supported by Ionic columns of the same materials of very singular beauty, the light is only admitted from above, & as the sky light is covered with a gauze shade painted in clouds, the whole together with the dead silence that prevails in the house, has a very solemn effect, which however is some what relieved by the dress of the members, which you will find very singular for grave senators; those who are officers civil or military wear their own costumes which is always very rich, in gold, silver & embroidery. The others wear a light brown coat, short boots & overalls, a scarlet silk sash, a round hat turned up before with a national red & white cockade & large blue feather. Everything here even the Legislature themselves having something a la militaire.

Livingston continues his letter with a long and detailed description of the Roman Catholic cathedral of Saint Sulpice, describing its relatively modern architecture and its ornate interior decoration. He goes on to lament that much fine public architecture has been destroyed during the course of the French Revolution: “It is much to be lamented that the barbarians of the revolution have destroyed all the monuments of art that ornamented the different chappels [sic] & tombs of the nobility within this & every other church in France.” Livingston concludes by alluding to the licentious habits of the French:

It is certain that the Roman Catholic religion was wonderfully calculated to catch the senses & would I think with the aid of confessions have had a powerful effect in preserving the morals of the lower classes of society had it not too often degenerated into a mimicry that leads to licentiousness. While I am now writing it being Sunday (in carnival) the public gardens are crowded with men and women masked in masquerade dresses. You may easily see the licentiousness this leads to.

A very informative letter from Robert Livingston a year before he negotiated the Louisiana Purchase, giving valuable insights into the workings of the French government, the mores of French society, and a fine description of the Saint Sulpice cathedral. DAB XI, pp.320-25 ANB 13, pp.774-76. $3750.

Mapping Early Louisiana

75. [Louisiana]: [Mississippi River]: [Law, John]: LOUISIANA BY DE RIVIER MISSISIPPI. [Amsterdam. 1720]. Single-sheet map, 9¾ x 7¾ inches. Minor foxing. Near fine.

A scarce early map of the Mississippi River Valley, depicting the American region between the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes, taken from Het Groot Tafereel der Dwaasheid... [The Great Mirror of Folly], a scathing account of the speculative crashes that led to European financial disaster in 1720. The work was a chronicle of the failed attempts by John Law, Controller General of Finances for the French government, to open Louisiana to trade in order to help alleviate France’s financial problems. This led to the creation of the Mississippi Company, which created the “Mississippi Bubble” incident that destroyed the Banque Générale Privée (the General Private Bank, which Law founded). The map depicts the Mississippi River, parts of Louisiana and Florida, Lake Michigan (referred to here as “Lac de Illio- nis”) and Lake Superior, the extent of French colonial explorations in the region, and names of Indian tribes. It is decorated with a title cartouche incorporating the arms of John Law and depicting two Native Americans holding a cornucopia, through which flows the mighty Mississippi River. $2250.

76. [Louisiana]: RECUEIL D’ARRESTS ET AUTRES PIECES POUR L’ETABLISSEMENT DE LA COMPAGNIE D’OCCIDENT. RE- LATION DE LA BAIE DE HUDSON. LES NAVIGATIONS DE FROBISHER, AU DETROIT QUI PORTE SON NOM. Amster- dam: Jean Bernard, 1720. [2],253; [2, blank],100pp. plus a folding engraved map. Lacks the three engraved plates to the second part. 12mo. 19th-century mottled calf, spine gilt, leather label. Minor foxing and toning. Very good.

The Recueil... is likely the first collected edition of official documents relating to the famous “Compagnie de l’Occident ou de la Louisiane,” later the “Compagnie des Indies,” under the leadership of John Law. It consists of two parts. The first and larger part of this work consists of the collected Ar- rests... of the French monarchy relating to the Compagnie D’Occident from the granting of the concession to Crozat and the Compagnie in 1712 up through November 1719. These decrees are of the greatest importance for the history of the venture of the Compagnie in the Mississippi Valley, and this is their first collected appearance, preceded only by the extremely rare individual publications as royal decrees. Besides the Louisiana section, Nicholas Jeremie’s Relation du Detroit et de la Baie de Hud- son appears in the second part here for the first time. The map, titled “Les Cotes de la Virginie, les Detroits de Frobisher et de Hudson,” shows the northeastern part of North America, including Hudson Bay. Also in the second part is an account of Martin Frobisher’s voyages to China and Japan of 1576-78. SABIN 68419. HOWES R107, “aa.” $1500.

Protecting Bridges in Louisiana, 1803

77. [Louisiana]: AU NOM DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. LAUSSAT, PRÉFET COLONIAL, COMMISSAIRE DU GOU- VERNEMENT FRANÇAIS, VU LE RÉGLEMENT EN FORME D’INSTRUCTION FAIT PAR LE GOUVERNEUR BARON DE CARONDELET, LE 28 MARS 1797, POUR LA POLICE & GARDE DU PONT DU BOYOU ST.-JEAN...[caption title]. [New Orleans. 1803]. Broadside, 14¼ x 9 inches, with woodcut headpiece of symbolic figure with printed inscription, “Préfecture Coloniale.” Minor old folds, moderate wear, and light tanning at edges. Contemporary ink and later pencil inscriptions above text. Minor paper deterioration at top foredge due to impurities in ink used for annotation. A very good copy. In a cloth clamshell case, leather label.

An exceedingly rare New Orleans broadside printed during the brief return of France’s control of Louisiana between the Spanish and American periods of ownership. The decree, promulgated on Dec. 2, 1803 and authorized by Colonial Prefect Laussat and Commission Secretary Daugerot, provides “for the proper policing, protection and surveillance of the bridge that spans Bayou St. John” (Hummel). Spain signed a treaty of cession on March 21, 1801, but this was not announced to the inhabitants of the colony until March 27, 1803. The actual transfer of Loui- siana back to France occurred on Nov. 30 of that year, and three weeks later the territory became a part of the United States. Pierre Clément de Laussat, Colonial Prefect, arrived in New Orleans from Paris to take formal possession of Louisiana, and as had already been arranged, to transfer title to the U.S. “Laussat’s first official announcement after his arrival in New Orleans was followed by five other proclamations or edicts in broadside form which have been seen and recorded in the course of this study, and there were undoubtedly still others which have not come to light. The purpose of these broadsides was to establish and carry on the machinery of government and to insure the maintenance of law and order after the automatic termination of the authority of the Spanish magistrates and office holders. Most of these bear at the top an interesting woodcut of the typical female figure symbolic of France, and inscribed ‘Préfecture Coloniale.’ This woodblock was undoubtedly brought by the commission from Paris” – McMurtrie, New Orleans. An extremely rare broadside printed during France’s brief control of Louisiana in the early 19th century. Jumonville records copies at New Orleans Public Library, Tulane, and Historic New Orleans Collection. JUMONVILLE 77. HUMMEL 792, 803. McMURTRIE (LOUISIANA) 27. McMUR- TRIE (NEW ORLEANS), p.64. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 4549. $9500.

78. [Louisiana]: NOTICE SUR L’ETAT ACTUEL DE LA MISSION DE LA LOUISIANE DERNIERE EDITION Á LAQUELLE ON A AJOUTE DE NOUVEAUX DETAILS. Turin: Chez Hyacinthe Marietti, 1822. 65pp. Original plain wrappers. Slight curling at corners of rear wrapper. Occasional fox mark. Else a clean, fresh copy. Very good.

Later edition, revised, after the original Paris edition of 1820. An account of the Catholic missionary activity under Bishop Du Bourg, whose diocese included the Ohio, Mississippi, and Missouri River valleys. Du Bourg arrived in Baltimore in the summer of 1817 with a group of priests and nuns, and thereafter travelled to St. Louis. This work describes Du Bourg’s work among the Indians. “Du Bourg was one of the great American Bishops” – Streeter. HOWES L515, “aa.” SABIN 55987. STREETER SALE 1538 (1st ed). $2000.

The First American Laws in the West

79. [Louisiana Laws]: ACTS PASSED AT THE FIRST SESSION OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OF THE TERRITORY OF OR- LEANS, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE PRINCIPAL, IN THE CITY OF NEW-ORLEANS...ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUN- DRED AND FOUR.... [with:] ACTS PASSED AT THE SECOND SESSION OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OF THE TERRI- TORY OF ORLEANS, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE PRINCI- PAL, IN THE CITY OF NEW-ORLEANS...ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND FIVE.... New Orleans: Printed by James M. Bradford, 1805. Two volumes. xxxiv,461; xii,95pp. Half calf and marbled boards in antique style, leather labels. Short tear in second volume titlepage; neatly mended small marginal tape repair to F4 in first volume. Light staining to some leaves, occasional tanning, minor contemporary ink marginalia. Else very good.

A rare and important set of the first American laws printed west of the Missis- sippi. They encompass the first two session laws for the Louisiana territory under American rule, with the text printed in English and French on facing pages. In March 1804 the Louisiana Purchase was divided into the Territories of Orleans (south of the present border of Arkansas and Missouri) and Louisiana (everything to the north and west, governed until 1807 by Indiana Territory). The influence of French and Spanish laws in North America is evident in these early territorial laws, as it took Congress more than two decades to determine their intent with regard to existing Spanish and French law. These imprints are the same as the second and third works bound with the Compilation of New Orleans laws in item 1587 in the Streeter sale. “At the first session of the Legislative Council 51 Acts and one joint resolution were approved, the latest on May 1, 1805; and at the second session 15 acts were approved, the latest dated July 3, 1805” – Streeter. Early Louisiana laws are especially rare. This is only the second time we have ever seen these imprints. JUMONVILLE 121, 122. McMURTRIE (NEW ORLEANS) 77, 78. SHAW & SHOE- MAKER 9072, 9073. STREETER 1587 (ref ). $7500.

80. Mably, L’Abbé de: OBSERVATIONS SUR LE GOUVERNEMENT ET LES LOIX DES ÉTATS-UNIS D’AMERIQUE. Amsterdam: Chez J.F. Rosart, 1784. [2],213pp. Original blue paper wrappers, manuscript label. Top corner of rear cover chipped and torn, slightly affecting spine; foot of spine chipped. Minor soiling. Very good plus. Untrimmed and unopened. In a blue half morocco and cloth slipcase.

Mably’s work consists of four letters written to John Adams, then American Min- ister to Holland, about the government, laws, and political divisions in the United States. The French took great interest in the form the American government would take after the Revolution, publishing the constitutions of the thirteen states in 1783. “Mably comments on the American approach to government as reflected in the constitutions of the thirteen states, and, more specifically, in those of Mas- sachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Georgia...he offers advice on a national constitution, urging a loose federation rather than a strong central government and warning against excessive democracy” – Cohen. There appears to be confusion over whether this is the first or second edition, with Howes calling it the first, and Echeverria & Wilkie calling it the second edition. We side with Howes. This is one of two issues of this edition, with page 159 numbered correctly and leaf G7 signed C7. HOWES M5, “aa.” SABIN 42923. COHEN 2761. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE 784/66. $800.

81. Mandrillon, Joseph: LE SPECTATEUR AMÉRICAIN, OU RE- MARQUES GÉNÉRALES SUR L’AMÉRIQUE SEPTENTRIO- NALE ET SUR LA RÉPUBLIQUE DES TREIZE-ETATS-UNIS.... Amsterdam. 1785. xx,519pp. plus folding map and two folding tables. An- tique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Bookplate on front pastedown. Minor scattered foxing and soiling, else quite fresh internally. Near fine.

The second edition, after the first of the previous year, of this work on the natural and political history of the American colonies. “The author was desirous of being a member of the [Society of the] Cincinnati, and thought that Congress could take away the difficulty which prevented his membership” – Sabin. The map is an attractive depiction of the thirteen states. HOWES M248. SABIN 44240. $1250.

Important Work on the Dutch in the Revolution

82. [Marriott, James]: MÉMOIRE JUSTIFICATIF DE LA CONDUITE DE LA GRANDE BRETAGNE, EN ARRÊTANT LES NAVIRES ÉTRANGERS ET LES MUNITIONS DE GUERRE, DESTI- NÉES AUX INSURGENS DE L’AMÉRIQUE. Londres: T. Harrison et S. Brooke, 1779. vii,[1],60pp. Quarto. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Quite clean and fresh internally. Very good.

Though maintaining a formal neutrality during the American Revolution, the Dutch Republic sold weapons to the rebellious colonists, resulting in British reprisals against Dutch vessels. This work makes the case for British seizures of munition- laden Dutch ships destined for the revolting American colonies. It was printed for private circulation among neutral maritime courts, and printed in French, which was the language of diplomacy at the time. “One of the most valuable tracts on the subject of supplying the American Colonies with the sinews of war during the Revolution. It is of great rarity” – Rosenbach. A scarce work, the first copy of this first edition that we have owned. HOWES M298, “aa.” SABIN 44689. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-70. ROSEN- BACH 4:246. $3000.

83. [Maseres, Francis]: QUESTIONS, SUR LESQUELLES ON SOU- HAITE DE SÇAVOIR LES RÉPONSES DE MONSIEUR AD- HÉMAR, ET DE MONSIEUR DE LISLE, ET D’AUTRES HA- BITANTS DE LA PROVINCE DE QUEBEC. London. 1784. 16pp. Half title. Antique-style three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Bookplate on front pastedown. Fine.

One of a number of works written by Maseres during his service as Attorney-General of Quebec from 1766 to 1769. “The Five Questions concerning the Habeas Cor- pus Act, trial by jury, and powers of the governor, are said (by Du Calvet) to have been propounded by Maseres at a conference at his house in London, March 13, 1784, and endorsed by Adhemar and De Lisle, notaries public of Montreal, and Wm. Dummer Powell, who comprised a delegation sent from Quebec in 1783 to urge upon the government the need for a House of Assembly and the retention of French civil law” – TPL. This work has also been attributed to Pierre Roubaud. TPL 576. GAGNON I:2892. LANDE 620. SABIN 67156. $1000.

84. Masson, L.R.: LES BOURGEOIS DE LA COMPAGNIE DU NORD-OUEST RECITS DE VOYAGES, LETTRES ET RAP- PORTS INÉDITS RELATIFS AU NORD-OUEST CANADIEN. Quebec. 1889-1890. Two volumes. ix,[1],154,413,[2]pp. plus colored folding map; vi,[2],499pp. Large octavo. Original red cloth, spine gilt. Boards rubbed, some spotting to cloth. Contemporary bookplate on front pastedowns. Edges toned, small tear in inner margin of map. Good. Untrimmed, partially unopened.

An important collection of letters, journals, and other documents relating to the history of the North West Company in Canada. Some of the documents discuss the upper Missouri region and the northwest coast of the United States. Included are accounts from F.A. Larocque, Charles Mackenzie, Simon Fraser, Roderick Mackenzie, George Keith, and more. Masson’s historical essay is in French while all the journals (except one) and notes are in English. Masson was lieutenant governor of Quebec. “These hitherto unpublished letters and relations are a mine of information on journeys, fur trading, and the Indians of the Canadian Northwest” – Streeter. “An invaluable storehouse of materials for the history of the exploration of the Canadian North-West and the fur trade, and also of cardinal importance from an ethnological standpoint” – Larned. HOWES M385, “b.” STREETER SALE 3749. GRAFF 2705. LANDE 1343. PEEL 54. SMITH 6596. TREMAINE 1174. WAGNER-CAMP (1953 ed) 7 (note). LARNED 3854. $800.

An Extraordinary, Deluxe Copy of the First Edition in French of One of the Most Important Illustrated Works on Brazil

85. Maximilian Zu Wied-Neuweid, Prince Alexander Philippe: VOYAGE AU BRÉSIL DANS LES ANNÉES 1815, 1816 ET 1817...TRADUIT DE L’ALLEMAND PAR J.B.B. EYRIÈS. Paris: Arthus Bertrand, 1821- 1822. Three octavo text volumes plus folio atlas. Text: Half title in each volume (with publisher’s advertisement on verso of half title in first volume). Unopened and untrimmed. Atlas: Contents loose, in two parts with separate wrappers, uncut (as issued), containing twenty-two engraved and aquatint plates (five handcolored), nineteen “vignette” plates on ten sheets (plate 7 on the same sheet as vignette 11), three engraved maps (one folding by Ar- rowsmith, two handcolored in outline). Text: Publisher’s pink paper wrappers, paper labels. Atlas: Publisher’s brown paper livraison wrappers with letterpress paper labels on upper wrappers, within publisher’s pink paper boards portfo- lio with ties, letterpress label on upper cover. Very good. Together in a blue morocco backed box.

One of only twelve sets with the plates published on papier vélin, in the publisher’s original wrappers. “Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied travelled through Brazil from 1815 to 1817, accompanied by naturalists Georg Freyreiss and Friedrich Sellow. From Rio they journeyed to Cabo Frio, along the coast of Ilheus, and from there they sailed up the Jequitinhonha to the borders of Minas Geraes, finally reaching Bahia....Sumptuously printed and with a beautiful album, the account of this journey is a classic work” – Borba de Moraes. The work is noted for its natural history contributions; the zoological specimens gathered on the expedition have survived and are housed in the American Museum of Natural History, New York. The third volume of text includes an appendix with several native vocabularies. The plates for this first French edition were taken directly from the original German edition, and are found here printed on papier vélin without the severe spotting that is normally associated with the first edition. That only twelve such sets on papier vélin were produced is confirmed by contemporary advertisements for the work, including the prospectus published within Histoire Complete des Voy- ages et Decouvertes en Afrique (Paris: Bertrand, 1821) [“Il ne sera tiré que douze exemplaires sur beau papier vélin”] and an advertisement for the completed work within Mollien’s Voyage dans l’Interieur de l’Afrique (Paris: Bertrand, 1822). The latter advertises the price of the regular issue as 90 fr., and on papier vélin at 150 fr. BORBA DE MORAES, p.545. PALAU 375145. SABIN 47023. BRUNET, p.328. AB- BEY 705 (ref ). $22,500.

86. [Mazzei, Filippo]: RECHERCHES HISTORIQUES ET POLI- TIQUES SUR LES ETATS-UNIS DE L’AMERIQUE...PAR UN CITOYEN DE VIRGINIE.... Paris. 1788. Four volumes bound in two. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards, spines gilt, leather labels. Minor foxing and soiling. Very good.

The author emigrated to America from Italy in 1773 to introduce the cultivation of grapes and olives to the United States. He became a neighbor of Jefferson in Virginia, settling near Monticello at Jefferson’s request, and this association led to their long friendship and the author’s acquaintance with Franklin and Adams. A staunch Republican, he took an active role in the Independence movement. In this work Mazzei outlines the history of the American colonies, the causes of the Revolution, and the economy and government of the United States. Also discussed are Indians, slavery, emigration, and the Society of the Cincinnati. An important work which Dumas Malone characterizes as “probably the most reliable of all the works of the period on the United States.” Jefferson aided Mazzei in the compilation of the work while acting as American minister in Paris. HOWES M456. SABIN 47206. MALONE, THOMAS JEFFERSON II, pp.109-10. $1000.

First Book Printed in Montreal

87. [Mesplet, Fleury, editor]: RÉGLEMENT DE LA CONFRÉRIE DE L’ADORATION PERPÉTUELLE DU S. SACREMENT ET DE LA BONNE MORT. Montreal: Chez F. Mesplet & C. Berger, 1776. 40pp. 16mo. Contemporary decorative paper-covered boards. Paper rubbed, spine paper mostly perished. Bookplate on front pastedown, ink stamp on titlepage and at foot of final text page, else clean internally. Good plus overall.

The second edition, apparently first issued, without imprint, in Philadelphia. This second edition is generally recognized as the first book printed in Montreal. “Fleury Mesplet was born about 1735 in St. Nizier, France. He engaged in printing and moved, probably in 1773, to London, where he met Franklin, who encouraged him to migrate to Philadelphia. In 1776 he was commissioned by the Continental Con- gress to accompany its commissioners, Franklin, Chase, and Carroll, to Montreal to establish there a French press. He moved his equipment to Philadelphia, the journey occupying from March 18 to May 6, 1776. When the Americans evacuated Montreal in June 1776, Mesplet, financially embarrassed, remained behind and issued soon afterwards the item above. His press, the first in Montreal, he continued to operate through economic and political vicissitudes, till his death in 1794” – TPL. TREMAINE 231. LANDE 153. TPL 482. DIONNE 18. $1650.

“It would take more time than I have so far been able to give to guess whether or not it is fiction” – Streeter

88. Milfort, Louis: MÉMOIRE OU COU-D’OEIL RAPIDE SUR MES DIFÉRENS VOYAGES ET MON SÉJOUR DANS LA NATION CRËCK. Paris: de l’Imprimerie de Giguet et Michaud, 1802. [4],331,1pp. Half title. Contemporary half calf and marbled boards, gilt. Spine ends and corners worn. Edges and portions of the marbled boards chewed or abraded. 19th-century bookplate on front pastedown, modern bookplate on rear pastedown. Small burn hole on titlepage, minor foxing, some marginal dampstaining. Good.

A remarkable account of a Frenchman’s travels and adventures among the Creek Indians in the Mississippi Valley in the late 1770s and early 1780s. Some of the details in this narrative are sufficiently extraordinary that various commentators have questioned Milfort’s veracity. “There are, however, corroborative circumstances which confirm his statements, and induce us to give a fair degree of credence to his narrative. At the time of his arrival among the Creeks, a half-breed named McGil- livray, had obtained so great an influence over them by his talent for organization, that he had actually acquired the rank of head chief. Milfort was received with great cordiality; married his Indian sister, and in a short time was made commander of the warriors of the nation. He led them against both the Spaniards and the Americans, and by his aid the Indians defeated the forces of each in several skir- mishes” – Field. “The truth is that Milfort was a hopeless liar; and as a result his book is one of the most interesting and curious books of French travel in America in the eighteenth century....His book is often hostile to the colonists. Certain descriptions of life among the Indians and frontiersmen are interesting. But what confidence can be placed in a man who was capable of describing how he, in command of six thousand Indians, had defeated George Rogers Clark and an army of ten thousand regulars!” – Monaghan. “It would take more time than I have so far been able to give to guess whether or not it is fiction” – Streeter. This book is dedicated to Napoleon; Milfort signs himself in print on the titlepage: “Tastanégy ou grand Chef de guerre de la nation Crëck.” The Siebert copy in 1999 was the first to have appeared at auction since the Streeter sale in 1967. HOWES M599, “b.” SABIN 48949. FIELD 1065. SERVIES 761. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE 802/37. GRAFF 2792. STREETER SALE 1529. SIEBERT SALE 606. MONAGHAN 1073. $6000. 89. Mirabeau, Gabriel-Honoré de Riquetti: CONSIDERATIONS SUR L’ORDRE DE CINCINNATUS, OUT IMITATION D’UN PAM- PHLET ANGLO-AMERICAIN. London: J. Johnson, 1784. xii,385,[3] pp. Contemporary three-quarter sheep and marbled boards. Extremities worn, boards rubbed. Titlepage lightly foxed, else quite clean. Good plus. In a blue half morocco and cloth slipcase.

Written by the French Revolutionary leader, the Comte de Mirabeau, this work, which was inspired by an American pamphlet on the subject, criticizes the Society of the Cincinnati. The Society of the Cincinnati was created in 1783, at the close of the American Revolution, by the officers of the Continental Army and their French counterparts. Its purpose was to preserve the bonds of friendship between the men, as well as to preserve the rights and liberties for which all had fought. It was a controversial organization because it excluded ordinary soldiers and militia men, and because membership was hereditary; both of these factors led some to think that the Society’s real purpose was to establish a military nobility in America – an idea directly contrary to the founding principles of the country. This edition includes a French translation of Richard Price’s Observations on the Importance of the American Revolution. An interesting work. HOWES M653, “aa.” ESTC T83511. $1000.

Important Political Work from the Library of President James Monroe

90. [Monroe, James]: Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, duc de: MÉMOIRES DE MAXIMILIEN DE BÉTHUNE DUC DE SULLY...NOUVELLE ÉDITION, REVUE & CORRIGÉE. Londres [but actually Paris]. 1778. Eight volumes, with frontispiece portrait in first volume. 12mo. Contemporary calf, spines gilt. Spines very chipped and worn, hinges cracked. Boards crudely repaired at some corners and edges. Bookplate of James Monroe in front of each volume. Some foxing and dampstaining, but generally clean internally. A good, solid set with an impeccable provenance. In two black half morocco boxes.

James Monroe’s copy of Sully’s Mémoires, which is, in fact, a very free adaptation by “M.L.D.L.D.L.” (i.e. Pierre Mathurin de L’Ecluse des Loges). Jefferson and Madison both considered this book required reading for American statesmen. It was included in the list of books that Madison prepared for Congress in 1783, and was “usually included in Jefferson’s lists of recommended reading” (Sowerby). Jefferson owned a copy of this same edition, one of several 18th-century reprints of a work first published in 1638, recounting the nation-building of a great French statesman. Jefferson’s copy, acquired in 1788, was present when his library was acquired by the Library of Congress in 1815. James Monroe and Thomas Jefferson, who was fifteen years Monroe’s senior, enjoyed a lifelong friendship from the time Monroe began his law studies with Jefferson in 1780. Both were Francophiles, and in that regard Monroe may well have surpassed his mentor. A United States minister to France from 1794 to 1796, Monroe championed the French in defiance of his mandate to promote neutrality. No doubt he embraced French history and culture with a similar though less dangerous zeal. This set of books was quite likely one of many works that Monroe acquired during his years in France (1794-97 and 1803). In fact, Monroe began acquir- ing French books as early as 1784, when Jefferson sold him twenty-five duplicate French titles; the list, preserved in the Jefferson Papers, does not, however, include a copy of Sully. According to the catalogue of Monroe’s library reconstructed in 1967 by Gordon W. Jones, French books comprised nearly one-third of Monroe’s library, which, according to Monroe’s own estimate, approached nearly 3,000 volumes. Based on Monroe’s own manuscript catalogue (the library sold at auction in 1849) and a small group of books retained by his descendants, Jones was able to identify a total of some 450 titles, many in multiple volumes – enough to suggest that Monroe’s estimate was not exaggerated. Only a tiny portion of Monroe’s extensive library has been preserved intact, and copies from the library rarely turn up on the market. As of 1967 the Monroe Me- morial Library in Fredericksburg housed some twenty-eight titles in fifty volumes. These are known to have belonged to Monroe because they descended through the family; most, according to Jones, do not have Monroe’s bookplate. Only two other books belonging to Monroe are located by Jones, both in the Alderman Library at the University of Virginia. Doubtless other works are scattered throughout various other public and private collections, but the general lack of a bookplate makes these nearly impossible to identify. All of which makes this 18th-century edition of a classic French historical text, complete with Monroe’s bookplate in all eight volumes, a welcome artifact that exemplifies Monroe’s library and evokes Thomas Jefferson’s early influence on James Monroe as a book collector, and recalls the future president’s experience as a young diplomat in the service of an infant republic. Several books from Monroe’s library have appeared recently at auction. His copy of Necker’s De l’Administration des Finances de la France (1784), complete in three volumes with his bookplate, sold for $18,750 at Christie, Dec. 3, 2007, while a single volume of a seven-volume set of Linnaeus, also with his bookplate, sold for $12,500 at Christie’s on June 12, 2008. In the December 2007 sale Jefferson’s set of this same edition of Sully sold for $43,000. Gordon W. Jones, The Library of James Monroe (Charlottesville, 1967), p.59, listing this copy of Sully as item 168 in Monroe’s manuscript catalogue. SOWERBY, JEFFERSON’S LIBRARY 199. ESTC T143312. $20,000. 91. [New York]: Habermann, François Xavier: L’ENTRE TRIUMPHALE DE TROUPES ROYALES A NOUVELLE YORCK. Augsburg. [1776]. Handcolored engraving, 11½ x 16¼. Sheet size: 12¾ x 18½ inches. Light toning and foxing. Small tear at top of sheet repaired, not affecting image. Colors still quite bright and fresh. Very good. See the cover of this catalogue for illustration.

View of the British entering New York from a series called “Collection des Prospects,” popularly known as “Vues d’ Optique,” published by engraver François Xavier Haber- mann in Augsburg in 1776. Reverse text above image reads: “L’Entre Triumphale de Troupes Royales a Nouvelle Yorck.” Text below the image, in both German and French, reads: “Der Einzug der Koniglichen Volker in Neu Yorck / L’Entre Triumphale de Troupes Royales a Nouvelle Yorck.” Many of the “Vues d’Optique” were imaginative, crude, and inaccurate, although some were very well done. In this case the build- ings are rather more elegant than those of New York in 1776 probably were. The letters above the text were deliberately reversed since these prints were designed for viewing in optical machines with a magnifying glass and a reflective mirror, which gave the viewer an illusion of depth and reversed the image. Accompanying the print is a 1943 letter from the Curator of Prints at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York describing the series of “Vues d’Optique” with New York subjects. Habermann also produced views of Boston, Philadelphia, and Salem. $2000.

Item 92. With the Important Map

92. Perrin du Lac, François Marie: VOYAGE DANS LES DEUX LOUI- SIANES, ET CHEZ LES NATIONS SAUVAGES DU MISSOURI, PAR LES ETATS-UNIS, L’OHIO ET LES PROVINCES QUI LE BORDENT, EN 1801, 1802, ET 1803.... Paris. 1805. [4],x,479pp. plus large folding map and folding plate, both on light blue paper. Antique-style half cloth and marbled boards, leather label. Light wear to binding. Slight trace of foxing. Else a near fine copy.

An important early piece of Western Americana, describing a fur trading expedition up the Missouri to the White River of South Dakota in 1802. Besides being a major source of information on the early fur trade, it provides much information relating to the tribes along the Missouri River at the time. The map has been described as “the earliest published map of the trans-Mississippi region which can be said to display even the faintest semblance of accuracy” (Wheat). The plate depicts the mammoth fossil skeleton on display in Philadelphia. Two French editions were issued in 1805, one in Lyon, and the present Paris edition. WAGNER-CAMP 3:2. WHEAT TRANSMISSISSIPPI 256. CLARK II:52,114. HOW- ES P244. STREETER SALE 1773. BUCK 61. MONAGHAN 1175. SABIN 61012. $6000.

An Important Buccaneer Narrative

93. [Pointis, Jean Bernard Louis]: RELATION DE L’EXPEDITION DE CARTHAGENE, FAITE PAR LES FRANCOIS EN M.DC.XCVII. Amsterdam. 1698. [8],143pp. plus one (of two) folding plates. 12mo. Contem- porary calf, spine gilt, leather label. Rubbed at extremities, front hinge cracked. Bookplate of John Carter Brown on front pastedown, with his ink stamp on second leaf and small deaccession stamp on bookplate. Minor scattered foxing. Small tear to inner edge of map, expertly closed. Very good. Lacks the plan of Carthagena.

The first edition of this firsthand account relating the French attack on Carthagena, organized and led by the Baron de Pointis. The expedition left Brest on January 9, 1697, stopping at Santo Domingo to pick up Jean Baptiste Ducasse, then gover- nor of Tortuga, and some six hundred buccaneers. After a ferocious fight the city capitulated to the French buccaneers on May 3, and Pointis was able to secure at least $15,000,000 in booty. The six hundred pirates pillaged and burned the city for three days and Pointis emerged triumphant. The large folding map depicts the southeastern Caribbean. Only three copies are recorded at auction (including this one) in the last thirty years. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 698/169. PALAU 260435. SABIN 63700. $3750. Striking French Views of the American Revolution

94. Ponce, Nicolas: RECUEIL D’ESTAMPES REPRESENTANT LES DIFFERENTS EVENEMENS DE LA GUERRE QUI A PROCURE L’INDÉPENDANCE AUX ETATS-UNIS L’AMÉRIQUE. Paris: chez M. Ponce et chez M. Godefroy, [1784]. Engraved throughout: title with integral text and vignettes, fifteen plates and maps with integral explanatory text (twelve views, two maps, and a final plate celebrating the peace of 1783). Quarto. Original French blue boards. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth case, spine gilt.

This collection of striking views is one of the few contemporary publications to illustrate scenes from the American Revolution. The first leaf is an engraved title with explanatory text and vignettes of battles. The plates illustrate the tarring and feathering of a tax collector; the battle of Lexington; the surrender at Saratoga; the attack of French forces on the island of Dominica; the surrender of Senegal; the capture of Grenada; Galvez capturing Pensacola; the capture of Tobago; the surrender of Cornwallis; three more scenes of fighting on Guadeloupe; two maps; and the final plate is a series of vignettes commemorating the Treaty of Versailles in 1783. Howes notes that this is the first French book to name the United States in the title. HOWES C576, “aa.” SABIN 68421. CRESSWELL 303-307, 333-342. OCLC 3944245. BEINECKE, LESSER ANTILLES COLLECTION 359. $4500.

95. [Poncelin de la Roche-Tilhac, Jean Charles]: ALMANACH AMÉRI- CAIN, ASIATIQUE ET AFRICAIN, OU ÉTAT PHYSIQUE, POLI- TIQUE, ECCLESIASTIQUE & MILITAIRE DES COLONIES D’EUROPE EN ASIE, EN AFRIQUE & EN AMÉRIQUE.... Paris. 1786. [4],386,[6],83pp. 12mo. Contemporary mottled calf, spine gilt. Hinges expertly repaired. Internally tight and very good.

A long and comprehensive French language almanac of America, Asia, and Africa, and the European colonies there. Of special interest are several lists giving the names of the colonial administrators and military officers of numerous French colonies in the Caribbean and South America. Also included in this edition is the text of Poncelin’s Recueil Diplomatique..., which collects laws and arrets pertaining to European colonies in the Americas. “It appears by a note on the back of the title that this work was edited by M. [Poncelin] de la Roche-Tillac [sic]. It was continued annually” – Sabin (1783 edition). Sabin notes that he saw none dated later than 1787, but that it may have been continued until 1791. OCLC locates only two copies of this edition, both in French institutions, and Echeverria and Wilkie add only the British Library and John Carter Brown Library. Scarce. BEINECKE LESSER ANTILLES COLLECTION 370. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE 786/54. SABIN 941 (note). CIORANESCU (XVIII) 50984. OCLC 25612843. $1250. Privateering in the French and Indian War

96. [Privateering]: [CIRCULAR LETTER, IN FRENCH, FROM AN INVESTOR IN SEVERAL FRENCH PRIVATEERS, BEMOAN- ING HIS LOSSES AND SEEKING TO RECOUP THEM WITH FURTHER RAIDS]. Paris. Jan. 15, 1759. 2pp. plus integral blank. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Old fold lines. Minor wear and soiling. Very good.

An example of the financial risks inherent in investing in privateers, two of which the writer of the letter lost during the British raid on St. Malo on June 5, 1758. Thirty privateers and one hundred other vessels were also burned in that same raid. The present letter concerns a famous ship that did not burn with the others. During the Seven Years’ War, François Thurot, legendary captain of the famous forty-six-gun French frigate Maréchal de Bellisle, terrorized British shipping and the coasts of England and Scotland. In this letter the principal investor in that ship writes about financial difficulties caused by the burning of two of his ships during the raid on St. Malo. Having eluded the forces sent specifically to destroy him, Thurot arrived at Bergen on Sept. 13, 1758, staying there until November 25th. Heading south, taking more prizes along the way, Thurot spent most of December at Ostend selling the prizes, and finally reached Dunkirk at the beginning of Janu- ary 1759, when this letter was written. At the end of the letter is the holograph signature of one “Merlin,” a chief investor in several French privateers including the Maréchal de Belleisle, who writes (in translation):

I have the honor to advise you that I sent to Paris to M. Couteulx an account in duplicate of the armament of the frigates Maréchal de Bellisle, the Chauvelin & the Marquise, the relevant documents transmitted in duplicate to the Admiralty in St. Malo....The burning of the frigates Chauvelin and the Marquise, by the English in the port of St. Malo was an event above human precaution, but the consequences of such an event may be reduced by a new campaign taking into account that this might be still more profitable if there was not some considered difficulty at Bergan in Norway....The loss of both the other corsairs fell mainly on me and on my own account of personal loss of 79-f-128 for the armament; and a further loss of 600 thousand livres in the burning of the port, and now I find myself unable to meet my liabilities.

Merlin says his creditors will only be satisfied with further adventures by Thurot, whose name is, however, never directly mentioned. Merlin is looking for an agreement to meet his liabilities in four installments.

...but another of the creditors not willing to accept the agreement seized not only these effects, but also the holdings belonging to the commissioning, con- founding thus my personal debts with those of the said commissioning...the result is that my personal creditors becoming owners of my interests, which are the largest in the ship Maréchal de Bellisle, will dictate to the other inter- ested parties and will cause either expenses or a suspension of commission, a fact detrimental to common interest; perhaps, also, and very likely, they will demand the sale of the ship, which will result in an evident loss for all concerned without compensation. The only way to stop it would be by obtaining a judgment of suspension....

He notes that under the circumstances he hopes the recipient will seek the help of Mons. Vallet de la Touche (whose name is supplied in manuscript). Vallet de la Touche (1698-1759) was secretary and advisor to King Louis XV. At the end, Merlin has penned under his signature a nine-line postscript, again mentioning Vallet de le Touche, and giving his address. Thurot was killed and his ship captured in an action off the Isle of Man. His body washed ashore near the Mull of Galloway, and he was buried with full honors in the churchyard of Kirkmaiden, Scotland. $1500.

Justifying French Support of the United States

97. [Rayneval, Conrad Gérard de]: OBSERVATIONS SUR LE MÉ- MOIRE JUSTIFICATIF DE LA COUR DE LONDRES. Paris: de l’Imprimerie Royale, 1780. 84pp. Large engraved ornament on titlepage. Origi- nal self-wrappers, string-tied, as issued. Wear to center portion of wrapper spine. A few light fox marks. Else a lovely copy, in original condition.

An important work on French assistance to the Americans during the Revolution, written by Conrad Gérard de Rayneval. Rayneval’s tract is a response to Edward Gibbon’s Memoire Justicatif..., composed in French and first published in 1779. Gibbon’s work was prompted by a French justification of their actions early in the Revolution. Rayneval continues the debate, and his work is an important contribution to the issue of diplomatic recognition by neutrals of seceded colonies and revolutionary governments. Rayneval served as a secretary to the French Foreign Minister, the Comte de Vergennes. Another work with the same title, but not identi- cal, was also published by Beaumarchais. OCLC locates ten copies. Not in Howes. SABIN 56580. OCLC 6469331. $2500.

An Important Early Work on Alaska and the Northwest Coast

98. Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles & Didier: MÉMOIRE SUR LES PAYS DE L’ASIE ET DE L’AMÉRIQUE, SITUÉS AU NORD DE LA MER DU SUD: ACCOMPAGNÉ D’UNE CARTE, INTITULÉE: NOUVEAU SYSTÈME GÉOGRAPHIQUE, PAR LEQUEL ON CONCILE LES ANCIENNES CONNOISSANCES SUR LES PAYS NORD-OUEST DE L’AMÉRIQUE, AVEC LES NOUVELLES DÉ- COUVERTES DES RUSSES AU NORD DE LA MER DE SUD. Paris. 1774. viii,32,[3]pp. plus folding engraved map. Quarto. Antique-style straight-grain morocco, spine gilt. Slight discoloration near top of front board. Several skillfully repaired tears, mostly marginal, with a couple reaching text. Map with light crease, otherwise unsophisticated. Very good.

An exceedingly rare and significant geographic analysis of the northwest coast of America and the North Pacific. Lada-Mocarski takes a rather jaundiced view of the map:

It is surprising to find a serious geographer who, as late as 1774, still used some of the fancy geographic features for the maps of the northwest coast of America. M. de Vaugondy’s map still shows Lakes Bernarda, Velasco, and De Fonte, although in his Mémoire accompanying this map he expresses doubts about the veracity of Juan de Fuca and De Fonte’s claims. At least he has omitted the Mer de l’Ouest.

Hill has a more encouraging perception: “By 1774, interest in the Siberian fur trade was so great that almost all the Aleutian Islands had been found and conquered, enabling Vaugondy to offer a good account and chart of the region.” Eberstadt describes the book as a “valuable contribution on the extent of Northwest Coast discoveries prior to Cook’s voyage.” This work was unknown to Sabin, and Eberstadt comments that only two copies were known as of 1941; this has hardly changed, with only a handful of additional copies popping up in the last seventy-five years. Fewer than twenty copies are known in institutions worldwide. HOWES V61, “b.” STREETER SALE 3468. LADA-MOCARSKI 22. HILL 1456. SABIN 71874. WICKERSHAM 6689. EBERSTADT 127:357. $15,000. 99. Robin, Abbé: NOUVEAU VOYAGE DANS L’AMÉRIQUE SEP- TENTRIONALE, EN L’ANNÉE 1781; ET CAMPAGNE DE L’ARMÉE DE M. LE COMTE DE ROCHAMBEAU. Paris. 1782. ix,222ppp. [bound with:] VOYAGE DU COMTE DUPRAT DANS L’INDE. London. 1783. [2],133pp. Contemporary mottled calf, spine gilt, leather label. Hinges cracked. Head and foot of spine chipped, corners rubbed. Minor scattered foxing. Good.

A series of thirteen letters supplying an early account of the people and customs of the United States. The Abbé Robin was a chaplain in the army of Count Rocham- beau. His descriptions of the city of Boston, Gen. Washington, and the final days of the Revolutionary War are particularly good. The Abbé’s work is bound with a little-known account of a voyage to India and the writer’s assessment of the English presence there. He has much to say concerning the Indian character and way of life. CLARK I:298. HOWES R361. SABIN 72033. $750.

Memoirs of General Rochambeau

100. [Rochambeau, Jean B.D. de Vimeur, Comte de]: MÉMOIRES MILI- TAIRES, HISTORIQUES ET POLITIQUES DE ROCHAMBEAU, ANCIEN MARÉCHAL DE FRANCE, ET GRAND OFFICIER DE LA LÉGION D’HONNEUR. Paris. 1809. Two volumes. [4],xii,437; [4],395pp. Half titles. Later three-quarter polished calf and marbled boards, spines gilt. Extremities lightly worn, calf a bit cracked. Armorial bookplate of Sir Joseph Copley; signature of Copley on half title of each volume and titlepage of first volume. Minor scattered foxing. Very good.

Rochambeau commanded the French troops which were sent to aid American forces during the Revolution. His memoirs, edited by Luce de Lancival, cover the period from his arrival in Rhode Island in 1780 to the surrender of the British army in 1781 at Yorktown, and offer some of the finest firsthand accounts of major battles in the war, as well as many battles on the Continent. SABIN 72303. HOWES R384. MONAGHAN 1249. $2500.

French Portrait of the Most Famous American in the French and Indian War

101. [Rogers, Robert]: LE MAJOR ROBERT ROGER [sic] COMMAN- DANT EN CHEF LES TROUPES INDIENNES AU SERVICE DES AMÉRICAINS [caption title]. Paris: chez Esnauts et Rapilly, [ca. 1780]. Engraved portrait, 7¾ x 5½ inches. Light soiling. Very good.

A rare French portrait of Maj. Robert Rogers, showing him in his military uniform with musket. This portrait is copied from the best known image of Rogers, produced in London in 1776. That image shows him from the knees up and looking to his right, a powder horn at his waist, and with three Indians in the background. In this French version he is looking to his left and is pictured from the waist up, and the Indians have been removed from the background. Rogers acted as a scout for the 1755 expedition against Crown Point, and in 1756 he became the captain of an independent company of Rangers. He made scores of raids against the French in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, going as far west as the shores of Lake Huron. His exploits made him the most romantic and famous figure of the war in America. He published A Concise Account of North America and the Journals of Major Robert Rogers in 1765, which brought him further fame and recognition. We can find no listings of this French portrait in OCLC, though there are copies in the Anne S.K. Brown military collection at Brown University and the National Army Museum in London. Those copies do not have the engraved number “126” within the plate mark, however, as does our copy. $1500.

102. Rossi, Louis: SOUVENIRS D’UN VOYAGE EN ORÉGON ET EN CALIFORNIE. Paris: Martin-Beaupré Frères, 1864. [4],iv,[9]-322,[2]pp. (with page numbers 121-145 on a single page, as explained in the errata note) and two folding maps. Original pebbled brown cloth, spine gilt, paper label at foot of spine. Cloth lightly sunned, endpapers discolored. Near fine.

The third edition, first published in Brussels the previous year. Abbé Louis Rossi west to Washington Territory as a missionary in 1856 with Bishop Blanchet, and was later assigned to northern California and Nevada. The text describes Rossi’s voyage to the Pacific Coast, and his missionary labors and journeys around the Northwest, with individual chapters on San Juan Island, San Francisco, and Hum- boldt Bay. One of the attractive folding maps is of California, and the other is of Washington Territory and northern Oregon. “The Abbé saw much, and told it well” – Cowan. Neither Streeter nor Graff apparently ever owned a copy of any edition, nor did Holliday, Bauer, or Plath. Sabin is in error in assigning a publication date of 1863 to this edition. HOWES R463. SABIN 73420. ROCQ 16033. COWAN, p.543 (note). MONAGHAN 1262 (another ed). SOLIDAY IV:539 (another ed). $1200. 103. [Rousselot de Surgy, Jacques Philibert]: HISTOIRE NATURELLE ET POLITIQUE DE LA PENSYLVANIE, ET DE L’ESTABLISSMENT DES QUAKERS DANS CETTE CONTRÉE. Paris. 1768. xx,372,[4]pp. plus folding map. Half title. 12mo. Contemporary mottled calf, ornately gilt spine. Light shelf wear. Quite clean internally. A handsome copy.

This primary work on the political and natural history of Pennsylvania and the establishment of the Quakers is based on German translations of Peter Kalm’s Resa Till Norra Amerika and Gottlieb Mittelberger’s Reise Nach Pennsylvanien im Jahr 1750. The introduction mentions several other works as useful sources. A nice Pennsylvania item, and quite scarce. SABIN 73490. HOWES R471, “aa.” $1500.

Item 104. A Foundation Work of Canadiana, with the Engraved Title of Indians and Missionaries

104. Sagard-Theodat, Gabriel: LE GRAND VOYAGE DU PAYS DES HURONS, SITUÉ EN L’AMERIQUE VERS LA MER DOUCE, ÉS DERNIERS CONFINS DE LA NOUVELLE FRANCE, DITE CANADA.... Paris. 1632. [22],380,[2]pp. With the extra engraved title. [bound with:] DICTIONAIRE DE LA LANGUE HURONNE. Par- is. 1632. 12,[146],[14]pp. Small octavo. 18th-century calf, spine gilt, edges stained red. Slight separation at upper front hinge. Leaves washed, titlepage expertly remounted on matching paper. A few unobtrusive marginal repairs in main text, bottom edge of leaves of Dictionaire... expertly restored. Withal, a very good copy. In a half morocco and cloth box.

Sagard was a Recollet missionary who spent 1623-24 in Huronia as a missionary to the Huron nation. His book, based largely on his own experiences and those of his associates, as well as contemporary letters and documents, are considered to be the main authority for the history of the first Recollet mission in Canada in 1615-29, and the main source for Indian life and relations with the French which does not stem from the Jesuits. “Sagard and Champlain were the first explorers to give any very definite statements about the Huron Indian country and what they had learned from these Indians about the Great Lakes Country” – Greenly. Most of the work is devoted to the life of the Hurons, and has been called “a brilliant, astonishingly precise fresco.” The Huron dictionary is the first printed Huron vocabulary, a collection of French expressions translated into Huron, to be used as a manual by traders and missionaries. Sagard assembled it from his own work and those of other missionaries, and it remains “the most complete compilation extant dealing with the old Huron language.” A major and important rarity of Canada, New France, and the Great Lakes region. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 632/86. ARENTS 181. BELL S33. CHURCH 421. FIELD 1341,1342. HARRISSE (NOUVELLE FRANCE) 52, 53. JCB II:243-44. LANDE S2012. PILLING, IROQUOIAN, p.147. SABIN 74881,74883. STREETER SALE 93. VLACH 661. TPL 6305. GREENLY, MICHIGAN 10. 100 MICHIGAN RARITIES 1. $40,000.

The Beginnings of Major Troubles in Saint Domingue

105. [Saint Domingue]: RELATION AUTHENTIQUE DE TOUT CE QUI S’EST PASSÉ À SAINT-DOMINGUE AVANT ET APRÈS LE DÉPART FORCÉ DE L’ASSEMBLÉE COLONIALE...AVEC LA CORRESPONDANCE DES SIEURS DE PEYNIER, GOUVER- NEUR, COUTARD, ET AUTRES COMMANDANTS ET OF- FICIERS TANT DE TERRE QUE DE MER.... [Paris. 1790]. 74pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and boards. Repaired paper loss in titlepage approximately 1½ inches in diameter, affecting first three letters of title. Light soiling on titlepage and second leaf; very minor foxing. Good. Untrimmed, several signatures unopened.

“A partisan account of the disturbances at Port-au-Prince and Saint Marc during July and August, 1790” – Garrett. Bissainthe indicates that this imprint is Parisian, and it seems to reflect reports which would have arrived in France of the exploding tensions in Saint Domingue. Only nine copies of this work are located in OCLC. BISSAINTHE 7687. SABIN 75187. GARRETT, FRENCH COLONIAL QUESTION 159. OCLC 20694712, 77725342. $1250.

A Beautiful Watercolor of Le Cap Français on the Eve of Revolution

106. [Saint Domingue]: [Haiti]: Largues, Chevalier de: VUË PERSPEC- TIVE DE LA PLACE MONTARCHER DE LA VILLE DU CAP. PRISE DU COIN DE LA RUE ST. FRANCOIS-XAVIER. [Cap Français, Saint Domingue]. 1790. Watercolor, 10½ x 16¾ inches, mounted on 12¾ x 18-inch card captioned in manuscript. Some expertly repaired tears and minor soiling. Very good. Matted.

A fine perspective view of Place de Montarcher, one of the major public spaces in Cap Français, modern-day Cap Haïtien, with the large Vallière & Montarcher fountain at center, surrounded by a lively street scene. Cap Français was by far the richest port city in the colony, which helped transform Saint Domingue from a languid outpost into one of France’s most profitable and richest colonies by the time of the French Revolution. The image is signed: “Le Cher Largues. pinxit 1790.” Original views from 18th-century Haiti are extraordinarily rare in the market. $15,000.

107. [Saint Domingue]: COPIE DE LA LETTRE ÉCRITE PAR MM. LES COMMISSAIRES DU ROI, DESTINÉ A PASSER A SAINT- DOMINGUE, A M. THEVENARD, MINISTRE DE LA MARINE, DATÉE DE PARIS LE 26 JUILLET 1791 [caption title]. [N.p., but Paris July 26, 1791]. 2pp. plus integral blank. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Lightly dampstained in margins. Some light wear. Good.

The text of a letter sent by the Commissaires Conciliateurs of Saint Domingue to M. Thevenard, Minister of the Marine, and their letter to the president of the National Assembly transmitting that letter. The Commissaires to Saint Domingue address the issue of the impending French Constitution and its impact on their mission to the colony. With the rise of the French Revolution came colonial collapse and eventual revolution in the colony of Saint Domingue. The French revolutionary government tried to maintain a hold on the colony, made difficult by distance. Mere weeks after this letter was written, the slave revolt in Saint Domingue left thousands of white French colonists dead and the island in turmoil. The signatories to the letter (signed in type) are Guillot, d’Herisson, and Delahuproye. $750.

A French Army Officer Veteran Serving Royalist Forces in Saint Domingue, 1791, with Weeping Freed Slave

108. [Saint Domingue]: L’AMITÉ AUX MÂNES DU CHER THOM- AS MAUDUIT, COLONEL DU RÉGIMENT DU PORT-AU- PRINCE DANS L’ISLE DE ST. DOMINGUE. [N.p., probably Lon- don. 1791]. Aquatint portrait, 13½ x 10½ inches. Near fine.

Thomas Mauduit du Plessis (1752-91), veteran officer of the American Revolution, was sent to Haiti in 1787 and put in command of a regiment in Port-au-Prince. He vehemently opposed the French Revolution and emancipation. Joining forces with the Governor, he raised a volunteer regiment of Royalists, dissolved the Assembly, and suppressed proclamations sent from Revo- lutionary Paris. His actions resulted in an uprising, and he was assassinated by his own men. This print shows him in his military dress from the waist up, wearing his Society of the Cincinnati Eagle and his Ordre de St. Louis; an inset below his portrait shows a slave bemoaning his new freedom. This was undoubtedly printed in London or some other center where refugees of the French and Saint Domingue revolutions congregated in the early 1790s. $900.

109. [Saint Victor, Jacques B.M.B., Comte de]: LETTRES SUR LES ÉTATS-UNIS D’AMÉRIQUE, ÉCRITES EN 1832 AT 1833.... Paris. 1835. Two volumes. xiv,355; [2],359pp. Half title in each volume. Contem- porary half calf and marbled boards. Worn at extremities, corners slightly bumped. Scattered foxing, old institutional stamps on half titles. Very good.

A most interesting political work, hostile to America’s progressive politics and France’s contributions towards republican government in the United States, written by a confirmed royalist. The author arrived in New York in 1832, and his letters discuss the political climate in almost every geographic region of the United States, including New England, the Carolinas, and even as far west as the Alleghenies and the Missouri River. “The author attempts to give a complete picture of American life, institutions, and government, and in order to document his attacks he skillfully draws many of his materials from American newspapers...” – Monaghan. “Valuable study of American life by a royalist with little sympathy for democratic institutions” – Howes. Quite rare. Not in Clark. OCLC locates only one copy. HOWES S42. SABIN 75508. MONAGHAN 1291. OCLC 35845704. $1750.

Marvelous Chesapeake Bay Chart Made During the American Revolution

110. [After] Smith, Anthony: BAYE DE CHESAPEAKE EN 4 FEUILLES AVEC LES BAS FONDS, PASSES, ENTRÉES, SONDES ET ROUTES...PATOWMACK, PATAPSCO, ET NORD-EST D’APRES LES DESSINS DE NAVIGATEURS EXPERIMENTÉS, PRINCI- PAL D’APRES A. SMITH PILOTE DE ST. MARYS; COMPAREES AVEC LES NOUVELLES LEVÉES DE VIRGINIE ET MARY- LAND. Paris: George Louis Le Rouge, 1778. Copper-engraved map on two sheets, 21 x 55 inches each. Very good.

The first French edition of Chesapeake pilot Anthony Smith’s highly detailed chart of Chesapeake Bay and the rivers that converge in it. As Pritchard points out, pilots were offering themselves for hire to visiting merchant ships from the 1640s onward, so hazardous are sand spits, currents, and shoals. Given the critical need, it is surprising how few charts were made in the 18th century. In making his chart, Anthony Smith of St. Mary’s County in Maryland took the most important cartographical works on the region, Walter Hoxton’s 1735 chart and Fry and Jefferson’s map of Virginia, and added to this information many soundings in the mouths of western shore rivers, making it the best chart of the Bay. As such it was published by George Louis Le Rouge in the Pilote Americain Septentrionale in 1778, the year in which the French formally allied with the Americans. The Le Rouge is undoubtedly based on the second English edition of 1777. The first two editions of Smith’s chart are virtually unobtainable, so the Le Rouge edition (the third) in a large, wall map scale, represents an opportunity for collectors to see in detail the places where on sea and land the British endured their final defeat. Three years after it was issued, the French fleet, having driven off the British, blockaded the Bay and surrounded the Yorktown peninsula, which, in concert with Washington’s siege, forced the British to surrender. DEGREES OF LATITUDE 48. SELLERS & VAN EE 1496. $45,000.

111. [Smith, William]: ÉTAT PRÉSENT DE LA PENSILVANIE, ÒU L’ON TROUVE LE DÉTAIL DE CE QUI S’Y EST PASSÉ DEPUIS LA DÉFAITE DU GÉNÉRAL BRADDOCK JUSQU’À LA PRISE D’OSWEGO, AVEC UNE CARTE PARTICULIERE DE CETTE COLONIE. [Paris]. 1756. 128pp. plus folding map. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards, leather label. Tear in final leaf of text expertly repaired, with no loss. Else about fine.

Sabin and Howes attribute this translation to Abbé Jean Ignace de la Ville, the first commissioner to the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Contained in the work is an abridgement of William Smith’s A Brief View of the Conduct of Pennsylvania, for the Year 1755..., in French, published the same year as the first separate edition. One of the most important works relating to the state of affairs between the Popular Party and the Proprietary Party at the time, Smith attacks the Quakers and the Popular Party. “This book...was evidently designed to make the French people happy over the course of the struggle with the English in North America. It abridges Smith’s Brief View with its portrayal of the helplessness of Pennsylvania in repulsing Indian atrocities. It must have made good reading in France, especially because of the abbreviated and pungent way it was rewritten” – Streeter. De La Ville has added to this edition some further remarks entitled “Relation contenant la suite de ce qui s’est passe en Pensilvanie,” as well as a translation of an act establishing a Pennsylvania militia and a brief description of Pennsylvania, illustrated with the attractive map. SABIN 19370. STREETER SALE 960. HOWES P216. VAIL 516 (note). $1750.

112. [Smith, William]: RELATION HISTORIQUE DE L’EXPÉDITION, CONTRE LES INDIENS DE L’OHIO EN MDCCLXIV. COM- MANDÉE PAR LE CHEVALIER HENRY BOUQUET...CONTEN- ANT SES TRANSACTIONS AVEC LES INDIENS, RELATIVE- MENT À LA DÉLIVRANCE DES PRISONNIERS.... Amsterdam. 1769. xvi,147,[1, list of plates],[10]pp. plus two folding maps and four plates (two of which are folding). Contemporary tree calf, gilt spine extra, ruled in gilt on boards. Minor wear to edges and joints. Overall, an unusually bright copy, with clean maps and plates. Very good.

This is the French translation, after the first edition printed in Philadelphia in 1765, and includes a biography of Bouquet (Smith prepared the book from Bouquet’s notes). Bouquet’s expedition to relieve Fort Pitt showed British strength in the Ohio country in the wake of the close of the French and Indian War and brought an end to the Pontiac War. The Indians were soundly defeated at the battle of Bushy-Run and treated for peace, releasing captives taken in previous years. Smith describes the campaign, gives an account of the country, tells of warfare with Indians and how to fight against them. “A translation of Smith’s ‘Historical Account,’ taken from the London, 1766 edition....The maps and plates are re-engraved from the London edition of 1766, the two parts of the map appearing separately....The preface includes a biographical sketch of Bouquet by Dumas” – Sabin. “Originally ascribed to Thomas Hutchins, who accompanied this expedition and executed the two plans; but that the book was prepared by Smith, from Bouquet’s notes, has been established. This campaign gave Pontiac’s conspiracy its death-blow” – Howes. EVANS 10167. SABIN 84647. HOWES S693. $3000.

113. [Smuggling]: [French Colonies in America]: ARREST DU CON- SEIL D’ÉSTAT DU ROY, PORTANT REGLEMENT AU SUJET DES CONTESTATIONS ENTRE L’AMIRAUTÉ DE FRANCE & LES FERMIERS GENERAUX, SUR LA COMMERCE PROHIBÉ QUI SE FAIT TANT EN MER & DANS LES PORTS, HAVRES & RIVAGES DU ROYAUME, QU’AUX ISLES & COLONIES FRAN- ÇOISES DE L’AMERIQUE. DU 25 MAY 1728 [caption title]. Paris. 1728. 8pp. Quarto. Very minor foxing. Contemporary inscription. Near fine.

A French royal decree concerning a squabble over who gets to keep the profits when smugglers are apprehended. “Allaying the dispute between the French Admiralty and the ‘Fermiers Généraux’ concerning their respective duties and privileges as regards the detection of smugglers, fraudulent trade, and the distribution of profits accruing therefrom” – Maggs. This copy is from the library of Cardinal Etienne Charles de Lomenie de Brienne (1727-94), Minister of Louis XVI, Archbishop of Toulouse and of Sens. A friend of Voltaire and a member of the Académie Française, Bri- enne wielded significant power as head of the Finance Ministry, which earned him many enemies. He died in prison during the French Revolution, despite having renounced Catholicism in 1793 (presumably as an attempt to save his life). Wroth locates only one copy, at the Archives Nationale; OCLC locates two more copies (University of Minnesota and John Carter Brown Library). Rare. MAGGS, FRENCH COLONISATION OF AMERICA 334 (this copy). WROTH, ACTS OF FRENCH ROYAL ADMINISTRATION 1165. OCLC 47820814, 78733227. $850. 114. Soulés, François: HISTOIRE DES TROUBLES DE L’AMÉRIQUE ANGLAISE, ECRITE SUR LES MEMOIRES LES PLUS AU- THENTIQUES.... Paris. 1787. Four volumes. [8],379,[3]-6; [4],365; [4], 420; [4],272,43pp. (with many misnumberings), plus three folding maps (two partially handcolored). Half titles. Contem- porary gilt calf, spines gilt. Minor edge wear, spine ends of fourth volume slightly chipped. Armorial bookplate on each front pastedown, minor insect damage to hinges. Light scattered foxing, two maps with short tears near the mounting stub. Overall, very good.

Second, enlarged, and best edition. An excellent work covering the history from 1768 through 1783 and the signing of the treaty at Paris. “In its completed form the best French history of this war; Rochambeau aided in its preparation” – Howes. The large map is a handsome render- ing of the eastern and southern United States north through a good portion of Canada. On the “Plan d’York en Virginie, avec les attaques et les Campemens de l’Armée combinée de France et d’Amérique,” a number of those locations are colored by hand, as is the case with the map of Long Island, and Delaware and Chesapeake bays (both are on blue paper). SABIN 87290. HOWES S770. GEPHART 1031. $2500.

A Remarkable Collection of Voyage Narratives, Assembled by the First Great Collector of Americana

115. Ternaux-Compans, Henri: VOYAGES, RELATIONS ET MÉ- MOIRES ORIGINAUX POUR SERVIR A L’HISTOIRE DE LA DÉCOUVERTE DE L’AMERIQUE. Paris. 1837-1841. Twenty volumes. Original printed wrappers. Spines split and heavily chipped, covers chipped to varying degrees, a few detached. Minor age toning and foxing. About very good, many volumes unopened.

A complete set of this impressive collection of French translations of early histories of Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Florida, and more, assembled by Henri Ternaux- Compans, the first major collector of Americana. The scion of a French family who had made a fortune in the wool trade, Ternaux-Compans collected vigorously in the two decades after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, publishing a catalogue of his collection in 1837, the same year he began publishing this series. On the title page of each volume is given a subtitle of the work contained therein, followed by the place and date of its first publication. The final eleven volumes contain translations from Spanish manuscripts, which, with the exception of three articles in volumes 10 and 20, were previously unpublished. The first ten volumes are usually referred to as the first series, and volumes 11 through 20 as the second. Some of the works included are those of Cabeça de Vaca; Xérès’ Relation Veridique de la Conquete de Perou; Ixtlilxochitl’s Cruautes Horribles des Conquerants du Mexique; Oviedo y Valdés’ Histoire du Nicaragua; Velasco’s Histoire du Royaume de Quito, and others. Two works of particular note in the set are Castaneda de Nagera’s Relation du Voyage de Cibola Enterpris en 1540 and the collection on Florida, Recueil de Pieces sur la Floride.... The Castaneda de Nagera is the “first appearance in any language of the chief source on Coronado’s expedition, previously known of only from meager accounts found in Ramusio, Herrera, Gomara and Venegas. Coronado and his men were, aside from De Vaca, the first Europeans to visit Texas, and preceded all others into New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado” – Howes. Most of the pieces in the Florida volume are published here for the first time. The bulk of Ternaux-Compans original collection ultimately passed, via the booksellers Obadiah Rich and Henry Stevens, to John Carter Brown, and provided the original basis of that great library. An important collection for scholars and collectors of Latin America. SABIN 94856. PALAU 330425. HOWES C224a “aa,” T104 “aa.” SERVIES 2660. $3000.

The Most Famous Discussion of American Democracy

116. Tocqueville, Alexis de: DE LA DÉMOCRATIE EN AMÉRIQUE. Paris: Charles Gosselin, 1835. Two volumes. [4],xxiv,367; [4],459pp., plus handcolored folding map in second volume. Half title in each volume. Contemporary green half calf and marbled boards, spines gilt. Moderate edge wear and rubbing, spines somewhat sunned. Minor foxing, some uneven tanning, as usual. Short tear in folding map near mounting stub. Overall very good.

The first edition of the first part of Alexis de Toc- queville’s famous classic, Democracy in America, one of the most famous investigations of the American political system. Tocqueville came to the United States in the spring of 1831, accompanied by his friend and fellow student, Gustave de Beaumont. Their original goal was to study the penitentiary system of the United States. After visiting prisons in the East they undertook a tour of the South as far as New Orleans, ascended the Mississippi River, visited the Great Lakes and Canada, and returned via New York, having travelled for nine months. After writing their report on prisons, Tocqueville began work on the first part of Democracy in America in 1833-34 and published it, in an edition of less than 500 copies, in January 1835. The book was an instant success, and numerous editions, many with revisions, quickly followed, and the second part, first published in April 1840, was issued concurrently with the eighth edition of the first part. There were probably more than fifty editions published in English and French before 1900, besides numerous other translations. Almost from the beginning the book enjoyed the reputation of being the most acute and perceptive discussion of the political and social life of the United States ever published. Remarkably, it has sustained its appeal generation after generation, as new readers find it speaks to their time with a contemporary voice. Whether perceived as a textbook of American political institutions, an investigation of society and culture, a probing of the psyche of the United States, or a study of the actions of modern democratic society, it has continued to offer insight and provoke thought since its inception. It has also probably provided commentators with more quotations than any other work about the United States. HOWES T278. SABIN 96060. CLARK III:111. Library of Congress, A Passion for Liberty, Alexis de Tocqueville on Democracy & Revolution (Washington, 1989). $13,500.

Alexis de Tocqueville’s Copy, with His Notes, of an Attack on Him by the Former English Prime Minister

117. [Tocqueville, Alexis de]: [Peel, Sir Robert]: [Rich, Obadiah]: VIN- DICIAE AMERICANAE. LETTER TO THE RIGHT HON. SIR ROBERT PEEL, BART., M.P. IN REFUTATION OF THE CA- LUMNIOUS ATTACKS ON AMERICA AND HER CITIZENS.... London, James Ridgeway...Rich, Red Lion Square, 1837. 27pp. Self-wrappers, stitched as issued. Uneven toning to front wrapper, some foxing, marginal pencil annotations throughout. Good plus. Untrimmed. [with:] A CORRECT REPORT OF SIR ROBERT PEEL’S SPEECHES AT GLASGOW, JANUARY, 1837. London. 1837. [8],100,4pp. plus engraved plate. Original blue printed wrappers. Spine ends chipped, minor soiling and spotting to wrappers. Mild foxing along foredge. Good plus.

On Jan. 13, 1837, Sir Robert Peel made a speech in Glasgow in which he attacked the American political system, especially the favorable things that French historian and political philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville wrote about American democracy in his Democracy in America. Peel had been Prime Minister in 1834-35 and would be again, but at the moment he was out of office. Tocqueville’s famous work had been published in Paris in 1835 and translated into English by journalist Henry Reeve in 1836. The book was thus the subject of much discussion when Peel made his speech. This rare pair of works, closely related to Peel’s speech, are both inscribed to Tocqueville by English friends of his. The first work is a pamphlet by an unknown “Citizen of the United States of North America,” published by American bookseller Obadiah Rich, who was a resident in London. The author is unknown, although it is possible that it was Rich himself. The pamphlet attacks Peel for his anti-American stance and his remarks on Tocqueville. This copy is inscribed to Tocqueville “with H.R.’s regards,” probably a gift from Henry Reeve, who knew Tocqueville well (Tocqueville seems to acknowledge receipt in a letter to Reeve dated March 22, 1837). Of utmost importance here are the marginal pencil annotations in French, made by Tocqueville, in which he features prominently in the text, and is even quoted to a great degree, especially after page 8. Approximately 140 times throughout, Tocqueville denotes an English word in the text with a small “+” and provides the French translation for the word in the margin, in his own hand. He obviously read the pamphlet with close attention. The second work is also inscribed to Toc- queville, in this instance by well-known traveller Capt. Basil Hall, directing Toc- queville to where Peel references him (“see page 82”). This contains the full text of Peel’s speech, where he discusses and quotes Tocqueville from pages 82 to 86, referring to him as a “very able and intelligent Frenchmen, who has made the institutions of the United States the peculiar object of his observation and study,” but dismissing his ideas. A wonderful pair of works relating to Tocqueville, closely relating to the recep- tion of Democracy in America, and one with the famed author’s extensive marginalia. Vindiciae: SABIN 99832. $4000.

The Uncanceled First Issue

118. [Tonti, Henry de]: DERNIERES DECOUVERTES DANS L’AMERIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE DE M. LA SALE.... Paris. 1697. [4],333,[21]pp. including the leaf of privilege and three leaves of publishers’ advertisements. 19th-century calf, spine gilt, leather label. Bookplate on front pastedown. Minor edge and corner wear, a few small nicks to boards. Minor worming to about a third of the text at upper and inner margins, just touching some letters, mostly in the headlines. Good.

This work is generally considered the most reliable account of La Salle’s last expedition, describing events from 1678 to 1691, particularly the fatal attempt to establish a colony in Texas and the explorations along the Gulf coast of Texas and Louisiana from 1685 until La Salle’s murder in 1687. Tonti spent some time among the Indians of Louisiana and Texas, and accounts of those tribes are included as well. He later denied authorship of this book, but existing manuscripts suggest it was either written by him or compiled from his letters. A decade after La Salle’s death, his many powerful enemies still provided incentive for the use of caution. This is the first issue of this work, including the account of pearl fishing in the Gulf of Mexico, which appears on pages 185-188. Those leaves were suppressed by the French government, and most copies have cancel leaves, easily recognizable because they are in smaller type, and omitting the reference to pearl fishing. A most important work for the French exploration of the Gulf Coast, Louisiana, Texas, and the Mississippi. HOWES T294, “c.” STREETER SALE 105. GREENLY, MICHIGAN 7. WAGNER SPANISH SOUTHWEST 67. HARRISSE NOUVELLE FRANCE 174. SABIN 96172. GRAFF 4164. CLARK I:27 (note). JONES 361. $14,000.

Landmark Treaties of Great American Importance

119. [Treaties of Utrecht]: TRAITEZ DE PAIX ET DE COM- MERCE, NAVIGATION ET MARINE, ENTRE LA FRANCE ET L’ANGLETERRE. [bound with:] ...ENTRE LA FRANCE ET LES ETATS GENERAUX DES PROVINCES UNIES DES PAYS-BAS. [bound with:] ...LA FRANCE ET LA SAVOYE. [bound with:] ...LA FRANCE ET LA PRUSSE. Paris: Chez Francois Fourneir, Avec Privilege de sa Majeste, 1713. Four items bound in one volume. 117,[2]; 80; 43,[1]; 23pp. Quarto. Antique-style half red morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Contemporary ink number in upper outer corner of each titlepage. Near fine.

The growing power of France and its attempt to install a Bourbon on the Spanish throne in 1700 led to a general European war from 1702 to 1712, with widespread repercussions in the American colonies. Known in Europe as the War of the Span- ish Succession, it was called Queen Anne’s War in America. During its course, the French and Indians launched bloody raids on British frontier settlements, and the British seized parts of Canada. The war went badly for the French and Spanish and well for the British, who were thus able to gain favorable terms. A group of treaties grew out of this settlement, which did much to determine European and American circumstances in the early 18th century. The present volume collects the official French printing of four of the treaties signed by France: those with Great Britain, the Estates General (the Netherlands), the Kingdom of Savoy, and Prussia. France actually signed two treaties with Great Britain, a treaty of navigation and commerce, and a general peace treaty. France returned Hudson Bay to the British and gave up Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, as well as St. Kitts in the Caribbean, and acknowledged England’s sovereignty over the Iroquois. The French received fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland, and both countries agreed to extend most-favored nation trade status to the other. France was also able to keep its position in Acadia and at Louisborg, which proved very troublesome to the British in later wars. One of the supplementary articles at the conclusion addresses the tobacco trade. This printing of the French-British treaty is not in TPL, which records two other printings in Latin, French, and English. Not in European Americana or Arents. The printings of the French treaties with the other three powers are quite scarce. The Dutch gained little from the French, although the general weakening of Spain greatly strengthened their position in world trade. Savoy gained territory as well, including Sicily. An important group of treaties with great American significance. DAVENPORT 100, 101. SABIN 96539. $3750.

120. [Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle]: TRAITÉ DE PAIX ENTRE LE ROY, LE ROY DE LA GRANDE BRETAGNE, ET LES ETATS GÉN- ÉRAUX DE PROVINCES-UNIES DES PAYS-BAS, CONCLU A AIX-LA-CHAPELLE.... Paris: l’Imprimerie Royale, 1750. 79pp. Quarto. Gathered signatures, stitched. Very good.

Official French edition of the treaty ending the War of the Austrian Succession, known in America as King George’s War. New England played a major role in this conflict and was angered when this treaty returned to France the fortress at Louisbourg which the New Englanders had captured. Britain’s privilege of im- porting slaves to Spanish possessions was renewed, and the British were allowed to trade with Spanish colonies. This treaty ended North American conflicts until 1755. Not in European Americana. OCLC locates only three copies of this official French printing. Rare. DAVENPORT 139. SABIN 96543. OCLC 29645716. $1500.

In Contemporary French Morocco

121. [Treaty of Paris]: TRAITÉ DE PAIX ENTRE LE ROI, LE ROI D’ESPAGNE ET LE ROI DE LA GRANDE-BRETAGNE, CONLU A PARIS LE 10 FÉVRIER 1763. AVEC L’ACCESSION DU ROI DE PORTUGAL. Paris: Imprimerie Royal, 1763. 56pp. Quarto. Contemporary red morocco, gilt, with gilt crest and floral gilt designs on spine. 19th-century inscription on front fly leaf. Very minor foxing. A fine copy.

The official French printing of the Treaty of Paris, the most important American Treaty of the 18th century except for the treaty ending the American War of Independence. It closed the long conflict of the Seven Years’ or French and Indian War, and marked the end of France as a power in North America, producing a major shift in the balance of power on the continent. The removal of France from the North American continent opened the door for the expansion of the British colonies over the Alleghenies and gave them a self-sufficient posture never before possible. The removal of the French counterweight opened the door for American Independence. By the terms of the treaty all of Canada except two small islands off Newfound- land was ceded to England, as were all French lands east of the Mississippi. All of Louisiana was ceded to Spain, and France’s New World holdings were reduced to several Caribbean islands, including Martinique, Guadeloupe, and several smaller islands. At the same time, East and West Florida went from Spain to England, who also received the Grenadines and Dominica. A vital landmark in the political history of colonial North America. HOWES D213, “aa.” DAVENPORT 150. SABIN 19275. SERVIES 433. $12,500.

The Official Printing of the First American Treaty with Any Power, with All the Official French Government Acts for 1778

122. [United States-France Treaty]: [France – Government Regulations]: TRAITÉ D’AMITIÉ ET DE COMMERCE, CONLU ENTRE LE ROI ET LES ÉTATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE SEPTENTRIO- NALE, LE 6 FEVRIER, 1778. [Contained in:] [SAMMELBAND OF MORE THAN 200 OFFICIAL FRENCH ACTS FOR THE YEAR 1778]. Paris: de l’Imprimerie Royale, 1778. 23pp. Various paginations for the remainder of the volume. Thick quarto. Contemporary mottled French calf, spine heavily gilt, gilt leather label. Minor wear to binding. Very minor scattered soiling or foxing. Near fine.

The official French printing of the first French-American treaty, the first treaty between the United States and any other country, and a decisive moment in the American Revolution. Having struggled to find allies in their fight against England, the fledgling United States achieved recognition from France when news of Burgoyne’s defeat reached Paris. In February 1778 the American commissioners, Benjamin Franklin, Arthur Lee, and Silas Deane, negotiated both the treaty of amity and commerce, published herein, and a treaty of military alliance. Because France wished to consult with its ally, Spain, the alliance treaty was not immediately published in France, and probably first appeared in print in Philadelphia; the amity and commerce treaty was published immediately, however, first appearing in this Paris edition. France and the United States grant each other most-favored-nation trade status and agree to protect each others’ commercial vessels. Both parties also agree to abstain from fishing in each others’ waters, with the United States especially agreeing to refrain from fishing on the banks of Newfoundland. Howes records two Paris editions of 1778: this official twenty-three-page printing, and another of eight pages. This important treaty is contained in a sammelband with more than 200 other acts for 1778, touching on law and justice, currency, the press and publishing, religion, provinces, royal and princely estate, hospitals and support, salt, traffic, grain, wine trade, maintenance of roads, ports, etc. Some parts concern the navy, France’s colonies, and relations with the United States. These were issued individually, but are bound here with a volume titlepage, as well as an analytic index and an index by date. A veritable treasure trove of French laws and acts, in a handsome contemporary binding. BRUNET I:12. MALLOY, p.468. SABIN 96565. HOWES T328. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE 778/36. STREETER SALE 791. $35,000.

123. Vancouver, George: VOYAGE DE DÉCOUVERTES, A L’OCEAN PACIFIQUE DU NORD, ET AUTOUR DU MONDE.... Paris. [1801- 1802]. Six volumes, including atlas with seventeen plates and nine maps (eight folding). Contemporary tree calf, gilt morocco label. Contemporary bookplate on front pastedown of first volume. Light scattered foxing. Very good plus.

Second French edition of Capt. George Vancouver’s voyage and exploration of the northwestern Pacific coast. Vancouver, who served as a midshipman on the voyages of Cook, was placed in command of an expedition to the Northwest Coast to determine England’s rights under the Nootka Sound convention of 1790. The ships of the expedition reached the Northwest Coast in 1792 and spent two years in surveying the coastline, resulting in the most precise maps of the Northwest made up to that time, or for many years thereafter. Vancouver remained on the coast until 1794 and returned to England in 1795. The expedition visited Hawaii several times as well. He spent the rest of his life preparing his material for publication, although he did not live to see it, dying in 1798 at the age of forty. This is the most important British voyage to the West Coast after Cook, and a basic early California and Northwest Coast work, as well as being one of the primary early Hawaii books. SABIN 98442. HOWES V23, “aa.” HILL 1753 (ref ). TPL 688 (ref ). $2000.

A Massive Archive of a Key French Diplomat in the American Revolution: The International Consequences of the Revolution

124. Verac, Charles Olivier de Saint Georges, Marquis de: [American Revolution – Diplomacy]: [COLLECTION OF MANUSCRIPT VOLUMES CONTAINING THE REPORTS AND CORRESPON- DENCE OF THE MARQUIS DE VERAC, FRENCH MINISTER IN RUSSIA, DENMARK, AND GERMANY, TO THE FRENCH FOREIGN MINISTER, THE COMTE DE VERGENNES, CON- TAINING DIPLOMATIC DISPATCHES OF THE HIGHEST LEVELS DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION]. Cassel, Copenhagen, & St. Petersburg. 1773-1775; 1775-1777; 1780-1783. Five volumes, totaling [2,224]pp. Approximately 400,000 words. Manuscript text in a clerical hand, margins ruled in red. Folio. Uniformly bound in contemporary red morocco, gilt, spines with raised bands and richly gilt, each spine stamped in gilt with the arms of the Marquis de Verac, gilt inner dentelles, a.e.g. Printed shelf ticket of the Bibliothèque du Chateau du Tremblay on the front pastedown of each volume. Minor shelf wear and rubbing. Very clean and neat internally. A beautiful set.

A fascinating and extensive manuscript diplomatic record from the period of the American Revolution, showing the international dimensions of the Revolutionary War and the effect of the war on the diplomacy of the Great Powers of Europe. These five volumes contain the correspondence and reports of the French diplomat, the Marquis de Verac, from his posts in Germany, Denmark, and Russia during the years when the American Revolution was the preeminent diplomatic, political, and military event occupying the courts of Europe. Verac’s dispatches offer tremendous insight into the views held in France, Russia, Denmark, and Germany toward the Americans and their efforts to secure their independence, and on the diplomatic history of Europe in the 1770s and 1780s. These volumes also document the beginnings of Russian-American relations, Russian attempts to mediate an end to the Revolutionary War, and the evolution of the “Armed Neutrality” proclaimed by Catherine II of Russia and subscribed to by several European states. Verac’s reports contain scores of highly important diplomatic reports, offering a unique window into French and European diplomacy in the age of the American Revolution. Students of the diplomatic history of the American Revolution period have discussed the important role played by the Marquis de Verac, especially his service in Russia. See, particularly, the works of Isabel de Madariaga, Richard B. Morris, and N.N. Bolkhovitinov noted below. Those historians used original documentary material in the Correspon- dence Politique of the French Archives des Affaires Etrangeres. French archives suffered heavily during the years of the French Revolution, and it is quite likely that these volumes contain some correspondence from and to Verac that does not exist in the French archives. We can find no record of Verac’s dispatches to and correspondence with Vergennes having been published, nor is it reproduced in B.F. Stevens’s Facsimiles of Manuscripts in European Archives Relating to America. Charles Olivier de Saint Georges, the Marquis de Verac (1743-1828), had an active and important career in the French Foreign Ministry. He was a trusted advisor to the French Foreign Minister, Charles Gravier, the Comte de Vergennes. As documented in these volumes, Verac served as the French minister at Cassel, Germany in 1773-75, and then in the same post in Copenhagen from 1775 to 1778. Each of those postings is documented in a single volume in this collection. Verac’s most consequential service was in Russia, where he was minister plenipotentiary, and his letters and dispatches from his post at St. Petersburg for 1780-83 are contained in the final three volumes of this group. Verac’s dispatches are lengthy, well-written, and informed. Each volume has the bookplate/shelf ticket of the library of the Chateau du Tremblay, the seat of the marquises of Verac. The first, second, and third volumes each begin with a manuscript entitled Memoire pour Servir d’Instructions au Sr. Marquis de Verac.... This transcribes the official instructions given to Verac as he took up his post at Cassel, Copenhagen, and St. Petersburg, respectively. When the Marquis de Verac arrived in St. Petersburg in the summer of 1780, he found himself at the center of intense diplomatic maneuvering. Russia had traditionally been sympathetic to British aims, but this perception began to change when Empress Catherine II declared the League of Armed Neutrality on February 28, 1780. While not openly favoring or recognizing American independence, its principles did certainly favor the American side in the conflict with England. The League was eventually comprised of several European states, including Denmark, Norway, and Sweden; the Netherlands, the Holy Roman Empire, Prussia, Portugal, and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. It indirectly helped the United States by placing most of Europe against Britain in terms of shipping rights during the war, arguing that “free ships” made “free goods,” that neutrals had the right to use the seaports of warring nations, that blockades had to be actually enforced and not just declared on paper, and that the definition of what goods constituted contraband or articles of war should be narrowly defined. The French Foreign Minister, the Comte de Vergennes, saw the Armed Neutrality announcement as an opportunity to bring Russia into closer alliance with France and French objectives, which included American independence. When Verac arrived at St. Petersburg in the summer of 1780, the Russians were floating proposals to mediate a resolution to the conflict between the Americans, their French and Spanish allies, and England. Hoping to gain Russian support for the French cause, Verac cultivated the friendship of Count Nikolai Panin, Catherine’s senior foreign policy adviser, and the two formed a rather close bond. Isabel de Madariaga writes that during this period “the impression grew in France that Russia could be relied on to protect French interests” (p.229). Verac recounts his conversations with Panin in great detail for Vergennes, and the Comte responds to Verac with instructions on how to proceed in his discussions with the Russian court. Of particular importance herein is a long dispatch from Verac to Vergennes of September 14, 1780 in which Verac recounts a conversation with Panin about a Russian proposal to mediate between England and the Ameri- cans. The proposal suggested that the individual American states might behave autonomously, deciding independently of the others whether or not they wanted to remain in confederation with Great Britain. This was a proposition which Vergennes considered seriously. Indeed, these volumes reveal the lengths to which Vergennes’ diplomatic strategies were at times at odds with American interests, and which led John Adams to write to Francis Dana, the American minister in Russia, that “there is a Vulcan at Versailles whose constant employment has been to forge chains for American ministers” (quoted in Morris). Indeed, Russian mediation offers continued into 1782, and Verac reports them back to Vergennes in these dispatches. Francis Dana went to St. Petersburg as the American minister to Russia in 1781, and while he never gained official recognition from Catherine II, he remained there until 1783. Shortly after Dana’s arrival, young John Quincy Adams, aged only fourteen, arrived in Russia to act as Dana’s secretary. Verac records his impressions of Dana, and of the efforts of the Americans in St. Petersburg; he also reports on the bribery and intrigues that unfolded among the rival diplomatic corps in the Russian capital. Verac’s reports also discuss the British representative in St. Petersburg, the energetic and effective James Harris, and his activities in the Russian court. The volume of dispatches from Copenhagen begins in September 1775 and continues to August 1777. In Copenhagen, Verac reports on a number of issues of concern to the Danes, many of which grow out of the war just beginning between England and her former colonies in America. Included among these are rumors of English plans to raid ports in the Baltic suspected of harboring American sympa- thizers. Danish ships, merchant and military, were being regularly harassed by the British, who believed that the Danes were sending illegal goods to the Americans, or that they might even send troops to support the rebel cause. Many of Verac’s dispatches relate his meetings and conversations with the Danish Foreign Minister, Andreas Peter Bernstorff, who was a staunch advocate of neutrality on the issue of the American Revolution. There is also much on Verac’s interaction with Danish nobility and military leaders, and on Danish governmental attitudes toward England. For examples, in a letter of January 7, 1777, Verac writes that in his conversation with Danish officials the situation between England and her colonies “sont un des sujets les plus frequent de nos entretiens.” He goes on to write that the sentiments of many to whom he speaks are against the Americans. Verac’s volume of dispatches from Cassel (and other places in Germany) begins with a letter of April 30, 1773 and continues to 1775, concluding with a long sum- mation by Verac of his experiences over the previous two years. A substantial report of June 1773 gives Verac’s observations on the military strength of the forces of the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, while another lengthy report considers the possible advantages of a commercial treaty between France and the German state. He also writes of goings on in the court of the Landgrave of Hesse, and in the Holy Roman Empire generally. In all, the volume records dozens of dispatches from Verac in Germany and sent to him from Versailles. A remarkably interesting and important collection of manuscript correspondence, recording the highest levels of French diplomacy during the American Revolu- tion. The Marquis de Verac’s dispatches and letters shed significant light on how several European nations – most importantly France and Russia – dealt with the challenges to their interests and to the European order caused by the tumult of the American Revolution. Isabel de Madariaga, Britain, Russia, and the Armed Neutrality of 1780 (New Haven, 1962). Richard B. Morris, The Peacemakers. The Great Powers & American Independence (New York, 1965). N.N. Bolkhovitinov, The Beginnings of Russian-American Relations (Cambridge, 1975). $85,000.

125. Vincent, J.: DISSERTATION SUR LA FIÈVRE-JAUNE QUI A RÉGNÉ ÉPIDÉMIQUEMENT A SAINT-DOMINGUE, ET QUI A FAIT TANT DE RAVAGES DANS L’ARMÉE EXPÉDITION- NAIRE, EN L’AN X ET EN L’AN XI, ET SUR LES CAUSES QUI L’ONT RENDUE SI FUNESTE. Paris. 1806. 59pp. Quarto. 20th-century marbled boards, gilt leather label. Minor foxing and toning. Very good.

Scarce treatise on the yellow fever epidemic that swept through French troops on the island of Saint Domingue in 1802. In the midst of the slave uprising that led to the island’s independence, Napoleon sent an expeditionary force of thirty thousand soldiers to Saint Domingue in order to restore order. This force was virtually wiped out by malaria, which the author discusses herein. As a result, the French failed to regain control over the island and Saint Domingue subsequently declared independence. Fewer than ten copies in OCLC (the only copy in North America is located at McGill University). $1850.

A French Land Company in Virginia and Kentucky

126. [Virginia and Kentucky]: COMPAGNIE DE COLONISATION AMÉRICAINE. ACTION DE 100 ACRES DE TERRES DANS LES ETATS DE VIRGINIE ET DE KENTUCKY. SÉRIE B, No. 3824 FRANCA 1300 MR. JEAN SIGISMOND EHRENREICH, COMTE DE REDERN, EST PROPRIÉTAIRE DE CENT ACRES DE TERRES...[caption title]. Paris. 1820. Broadside, 17½ x 13¾ inches. In French. Two columns of fifteen coupons each printed on either side of the prospectus, the whole enclosed by an ornamental border. Blanks in both coupons and prospectus completed with “3824.” Signed in manuscript by Ameri- can consul in France and by “De Redern et Cie.” in Paris, “30 Juin 1820”; blindstamped with seals of the U.S. Consulate in Paris and the Compagnie de Colonisation Américaine. Signed in manuscript on verso by “Le Comte de Redern” and “A. Boudon[?].” Trimmed close, with some loss to border, particularly at foot of document. Early folds with minor closed tears at edges of horizontal fold and small hole at intersections of folds, one-eighth of an inch in diameter. A very good copy. Matted.

A combination broadside prospectus and stock certificate for 100 acres of land, part of a 1,849,000-acre property in Virginia and Kentucky owned by the Compagnie de Colonisation Américaine, founded by Jean Sigismond Ehrenreich, Comte de Redern. The company’s American agent was John Swan, an adventurer long active in Franco-American commercial affairs. The text describes the division of land sales between individual colonists and speculators, the different classes of shares, financial organizations, commercial potential, future improvements, etc. This is one of 12,000 shares constituting Series B, numbered 3824 and dated June 30, 1820. The Comte de Redern (1761-1841) was a Prussian diplomat, intellectual, ec- centric, and entrepreneur. During the time he was serving as Prussian Minister at the Court of London in the early 1790s, Redern developed a friendship with Henri Saint-Simon, with whom he shared utopian visions and a progressive humanist philosophy. The two developed a financial partnership and jointly purchased French national lands during the 1790s, an enterprise imbued with idealism, but which dissolved into personal conflict that dragged on for decades. During the early 1800s, Redern invested heavily in both industry and land. In 1820, the time this certificate was issued, “his vast enterprises crashed around him. To escape his creditors, he fled to Brussels, and from there to Holland, where he was imprisoned. He took to practicing hypnotism, underwent a religious conversion...after many years he was allowed to return to France, where he resumed his philosophical studies” (Manuel, p.107). Redern wrote several books, including works on politics, psychology, and the nature of man. A rare document. OCLC locates three copies, at Filson Historical Society, Library of Virginia, and University of Virginia. Frank E. Manuel, The New World of Henri Saint-Simon (Cambridge, Ma., 1956). $3250.

A Rare Account of the Osage Tribe

127. [Vissier, Paul]: HISTOIRE DE LA TRIBU DES OSAGES, PEUP- LADE SAUVAGE DE L’AMÉRIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE, DANS L’ÉTAT DU MISSOURI, L’UN DES ÉTATS-UNIS D’AMÉRIQUE; ÉCRITE D’APRÉS LES SIX OSAGES ACTUELLEMENT A PAR- IS.... Paris. 1827. 92pp. Original printed wrappers bound into antique-style blue half morocco and boards, spine gilt. Bookplate on front pastedown. Sev- eral small tissue repairs to edges of wrappers. Light scattered foxing and soiling. Very good.

Vissier issued this brief work when an Osage “prince” and four warriors visited Paris. He describes the Osage tribe as well as other Indians then living on the Missouri, speculates on the origin of American Indians, and provides a general view of the customs, agricultural practices, food, marriages, wars, etc., of North American Indians. Rare, and particularly nice with the original wrappers intact. HOWES V133, “b.” SABIN 100607. WAGNER-CAMP 33a. $3750.

An Extraordinary Louisiana Rarity

128. [Wante, Charles Etienne]: [Louisiana]: MÉMOIRES SUR LA LOUI- SIANE ET LA NOUVELLE-ORLÉANS, ACCOMPAGNÉS D’UNE DISSERTATION SUR LES AVANTAGES QUE LE COMMERCE DE L’EMPIRE DOIT TIRER DE LA STIPULATION FAITE PAR L’ARTICLE VII DU TRAITÉ DE CESSION, DU 30 AVRIL 1803. Paris: Ballard, 1804. viii,18,31-176pp. plus folding table. Lacking pp.19- 30. Later 19th-century marbled wrappers. Library label on front cover from Shwartz Historical Library. Minor rubbing and edge wear. Bookplate on front pastedown. Loss to portions of thirteen leaves, affecting some text, reinforced with tape. Dust soiling on titlepage, dampstaining to some leaves toward end of text. A battered copy of a great rarity.

An extraordinarily rare account of travels in Louisiana, the Mississippi Valley, and the Illinois-Ohio country, especially interesting in that the travels practically coincide with the Louisiana Purchase. The work has been attributed to either Wante or G. Boucher de la Richardiere. “The author – whoever he was – travelled extensively throughout the lower Mississippi Valley” – Howes. “There is also much on the Illinois-Ohio country, but the body of the work has to do with the Louisiana Ces- sion” – Eberstadt. Incomplete but quite rare, as Howes accorded it a “b” rating. The great Simon Shwartz library of Louisiana material had a copy, sold for $15 in 1926, in blue morocco with an inked name on the titlepage. This is perhaps an additional Shwartz copy not auctioned at the time. The only other copy we can find any record of selling is that listed by the Eberstadts in 1953. HOWES W87, “b.” SABIN 101246. EBERSTADT 132:412. SHWARTZ SALE 622. $4500.

America Enters World War I

129. Wilson, Woodrow: MESSAGE DU PRESIDENT WILSON LU AU CONGRES DES ÉTATS UNIS D’AMÉRIQUE LE 2 AVRIL 1917. Paris: Impremerie des Journaux officiel, [1917]. Broadside, 37 x 25½ inches. Printed in two columns. Small areas of paper loss in upper and lower margins from hanging, else very good.

French broadside printing of President Wilson’s address to Congress asking for a declaration of war against Germany. After years of insisting on neutrality, the sinking of the Lusitania and the infa- mous Zimmermann Note scandal persuaded Wilson that the time for action was at hand. On April 2, 1917, before a special joint session of Congress, Wilson asked for a declaration of war against Germany, and America entered World War I. Wilson’s speech, known as “The world must be made safe for democracy” speech, would be a defining moment of his presidency, and America entering the war would, in turn, be the beginning of the end of the World War I. In the speech, printed here in French on a large sheet and no doubt hung in the streets of Paris, Wilson begins with a harsh condemnation of German unrestricted submarine warfare and a review of the reasons neutrality was no longer possible. He then continues:

With a profound sense of the solemn and even tragical character of the step I am taking and of the grave responsibilities which it involves, but in unhesitating obedience to what I deem my constitutional duty, I advise that the Congress declare the recent course of the Imperial German government to be in fact nothing less than war against the government and people of the United States; that it formally accept the status of belligerent which has thus been thrust upon it; and that it take immediate steps, not only to put the country in a more thor- ough state of defense but also to exert all its power and employ all its resources to bring the government of the German Empire to terms and end the war.... The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political liberty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation for the sacrifices we shall freely make. We are but one of the champions of the rights of mankind. We shall be satisfied when those rights have been made as secure as the faith and the freedom of nations can make them.... It is a distressing and oppressive duty, gentlemen of the Congress, which I have performed in thus addressing you. There are, it may be, many months of fiery trial and sacrifice ahead of us. It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war, into the most terrible and disastrous of all wars, civilization itself seeming to be in the balance. But the right is more precious than peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free. To such a task we can dedicate our lives and our fortunes, everything that we are and everything that we have, with the pride of those who know that the day has come when America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace which she has treasured. God helping her, she can do no other.

A remarkable relic of the war to end all wars. $7500. Imprints from the French Colonial Caribbean, 1764–1804

During the 18th century a vibrant print culture developed in the European sugar colonies of the Caribbean basin. The tremendous wealth generated by the plantation system brought books and printers to the colonies to serve the intellectual and legal needs of the planter elite. The forces of history, climate, and circumstance have combined to destroy much of the evidence of this culture. Paper did not survive well in the humid and torrid climate, and war, revolution, and neglect finished the job. In general, early Caribbean printing has survived only if it left the area and returned to Europe. All of this is particularly true for the islands colonized by France, and especially Saint Domingue, the wealthiest of all the sugar colonies. This catalogue contains a remarkable selection of early imprints from four French islands: Martinique, Guadeloupe, Grenada, and Saint Domingue. The five imprints from Martinique range in date from 1764 to 1790, with individual imprints of 1779 from Grenada and 1804 from Guadeloupe. From Saint Domingue we offer thirty imprints, ranging from 1767 (the earliest we have ever handled from the island) to 1793. The heart of this chronologically arranged section dates from the turbulent year from October 1789 to November 1790, when the French Revolution gathered steam and burst forth in Saint Domingue, beginning a series of wars which would devastate the formerly wealthy colony and effectively destroy the remarkable print culture which had developed there. We are pleased to be able to offer this remarkable assemblage of rare imprints.

An Extremely Early Martinique Imprint

130. [Martinique]: Peinier, Louis-Antoine Thomassin: ORDONNANCE CONCERNANT LA LEVÉE D’UNE SOMME DE 750 MILLE LIVRES ARGENT DES ISLES, SUR LA COLONIE DE LA GUADELOUPE, MARIE-GALANT, LA DESIRADE & DÉPEN- DANCES, PENDANT L’ANNÉE 1764 [caption title]. Martinique: De l’Imprimerie de Pierre Richard, Imprimeur du Roi, Feb. 24, 1764. 8pp. Small quarto. Minor scattered foxing. Very good.

An exceedingly rare and early Caribbean imprint, written by Peinier, steward of Guadeloupe and Martinique, and addressed to the French government. After the Treaty of 1763, Guadeloupe was returned to France, and Peinier’s address touches on the “happy” return of the French government to the island. He discusses the difficulties of achieving an annual tax of £750,000 and presses the Crown for leniency on that debt. He outlines nineteen articles which will help to achieve a reliable income for the colony so they may achieve enough funds to fulfill the fee for the following year. The articles include proposed taxes on slaves age fourteen to sixty, with a higher fee for those in the sugar industry and slightly lower for slave owners with coffee or cotton plantations, exemption from duties on goods imported from France and the imposition of taxes on exported commodities, and taxes to be paid by individuals, including “mulattos and ne- gros” who are born free. Peinier closes with a plea to have these ordinances approved and published so that all will follow them as law, and proposes that any income made from these taxes which exceeds the annual fee imposed by France be applied to the following year’s debt. The beginning of printing in Martinique, as with other Caribbean islands, is shrouded in mystery. The Walter Beinecke collection contains a printed form from 1759, and we have seen a small pamphlet printed in 1762. The earliest we have handled is similar to this in format and dated May 7, 1764, and we are aware of another of similar format at the Bibliothèque Schoelcher in Martinique, dated May 28, 1764. In contrast, the earliest imprint recorded by Bradford Swan in his work on Caribbean imprints is 1784. We cannot locate any other copies of this item. $13,500.

A Remarkably Early Martinique Imprint

131. [Martinique]: [Guadeloupe]: ORDONNANCE CONCERNANT LES FONCTIONS DE LA MARÉCHAUSSÉE [caption title]. Martinique: Pierre Richard, 1764. 8pp. Small quarto. Folded sheets. Lightly creased. Near fine.

An incredibly early and unrecorded imprint from the island of Martinique, regarding the establishment of a constabulary on Guadeloupe. Passed by the Gov- ernor of Guadeloupe (François-Charles de Bourlamaque, who remained in office one year, due to sudden death) and the Intendant (Louis Thomassin Peinier), this ordinance regulates the establishment of a constabulary company in Gua- deloupe. Among the thirteen articles, several concern the arrest of fugitive slaves. No copies in the Catalogue Collectif de France or in OCLC. The first recorded printing on the island is by Bradford Swan in 1784, but we have handled one other imprint from 1764 and several from later in the 1760s, and have seen in commerce an imprint from as early as 1762. This is, therefore, among the earliest Caribbean imprints this firm has handled. As with virtually everything to do with early Caribbean imprints, the story of printing on Martinique remains shrouded in mystery. Rare, and perhaps a unique survival. $12,500.

A Very Early Martinique Imprint

132. [Martinique]: ORDONNANCE CONCERNANT LES LEGS PIES & LES LIBERTÉS ACCORDÉES PAR TESTAMENT [caption title]. [Martinique. 1767]. 6pp. Small quarto. Gathered signatures. Minor dampstaining in inner margin. Very good. In a clamshell box.

A very rare and early imprint from the island of Martinique regarding the han- dling of slaves to be freed after the death of their owners. These ordinances outline the protocol for execu- tors of wills to follow regarding slaves. Heirs of these estates were blatantly ignoring this area of the testaments which the author of this text clearly abhors, classifying them as “driven by their own greed.” The orders declare that all who wish to retain freed slaves must submit their request, along with the deceased’s will, to the government for review, and those who ignore this decree will be fined £500. The ordinances were to be printed and posted in every parish on the island. The first recorded printing on the island noted by Bradford Swan is in 1784, but we have handled several imprints from the 1760s and have seen in commerce an imprint from as early as 1762. This is, therefore, among the earliest Caribbean imprints this firm has handled. As with virtually everything to do with early Ca- ribbean imprints, the story of printing on Martinique remains shrouded in mystery. Rare, and evidently unrecorded. $12,500.

133. [Martinique]: [Saint Lucia]: ORDONNANCE CONCERNANT L’IMPOSITION A ÉTABLIR SUR L’ISLE SAINTE-LUCIE [caption title]. [St. Pierre, Martinique. 1768]. 4pp. plus outer blanks. Quarto. Folded sheets. Faint dampstain at bottom edge. Near fine.

Ordonnance signed in type by the Com- mandant Général Charles-Louis de Mau- ris and Intendant Louis de Thomassin de Peinier, concerning taxes on the small Caribbean island of Saint Lucia. The people of Saint Lucia (a dependent of the more populous island of Martinique, to its north) were traditionally free of any tax burden. The construction of a new courthouse and jail, however, resulted in the first imposition of taxes on the island. Very rare, with no copies located in OCLC or the Catalogue Collectif de France. The first recorded printing on the island by Bradford Swan is in 1784, but we have handled a newspaper from 1780 and have seen in commerce an imprint from as early as 1762. As with virtually everything to do with early Caribbean imprints, the story of printing on Martinique remains shrouded in mystery. A significant addition to the canon of very early Caribbean printing. $9750.

134. [Martinique]: RELATION AUTHENTIQUE DES ÉVÉNEMENS QUI SE SONT PASSÉS AU FORT-BOURBON DE LA MARTI- NIQUE [caption title]. St. Pierre: Imprimerie de P. Richard & le Cadre, 1790. 8pp. on a folded sheet. Toned. Very good. In a half morocco clamshell case, cloth chemise.

A very early Martinique imprint, which refers to the horrors of the slave revolt there and gives a play-by-play account of the events that unfolded at Fort Bourbon. As with so much else to do with early Caribbean printing, the story of the press on Martinique is shrouded in mystery. Only one copy in OCLC, at Columbia University. SWAN, CARIBBEAN PRINTING, p.32. OCLC 123200325. $3000.

A Unique Broadside from the Caribbean During the Revolution

135. [Grenada]: RELATION DE LA PRISE DE LA GRENADE [caption title]. [Sainte-George], Grenada: Alexander Middleton, [1779]. Broadsheet. Folio. Old folds. Minor wear and soiling. Near fine.

Recounts the capture of the island of Grenada by the French navy, led by Comte d’Estaing, during the American Revolution. Several versions of this title exist, in varying lengths and formats. Originally a French colony, Grenada was ceded to Britain in 1763 at the end of the Seven Years’ War. Though captured by the French in 1779, Grenada was returned to the British with the Treaty of Versailles in 1783 at the end of the American Revolution. Printing on Grenada began as early as 1765 and continued through the French occupation of 1779-83. Due to the humid climate in the area, 18th-century imprints from the West Indies are extremely rare. No copies located in OCLC. A very rare and desirable item, carrying important news about the shifting balance of power in the West Indies in the wake of the American Revolution. SWAN, CARIBBEAN PRINTING, p.29. $12,500.

136. [Guadeloupe]: [Ernouf, Jean Augustin]: PROCÈS-VERBAL DE LA RÉCEPTION DU GÉNÉRAL DE DIVISION ERNOUF, EN QUALITÉ DE CAPITAINE-GÉNÉRAL DE LA GUADELOUPE ET DÉPENDANCES [caption title]. Guadeloupe. [1804]. 4pp. on a folded sheet. Quarto. Minor foxing and soiling. Very good. Untrimmed.

Rare document describing the arrival and greeting of Jean Augustin Ernouf on the island of Guadeloupe. Ernouf was appointed captain-general of Saint Domingue and Guadeloupe in 1804, replacing Jean-Baptiste Raymond Lacrosse, who had held the office for two years. Ernouf was sent to restore order and production to the colonies after the disastrous slave rebellion, which he successfully accomplished within the first year of his appointment. This interesting document describes his arrival by frigate and the conversation which ensued between Ernouf and Colonial Prefect Daniel Lescallier. A rare imprint, apparently unrecorded. $3750.

Saint Domingue

The Earliest Saint Domingue Imprint We Have Handled

137. [Saint Domingue]: MÉMOIRE POUR MESSIRE JEAN-FRAN- ÇOIS DE CANTINEAU...APPELANS, QUANT AU CHEF QUI LEUR FAIT PRÉJUDICE, DE LA SENTENCE DE PARTAGE RENDUE PAR LE JUGE DU FORT-DAUPHIN LE 22 SEPTEM- BRE 1738, &c...[caption title]. [Cap Français]: De l’Imprimerie Royale de St. Domingue, [1767]. 47pp. Stitched as issued. Contemporary inscription on first page. Internally bright and clean. Near fine.

An extremely rare and interesting legal brief concerning a notable family of Saint Domingue, and a very early piece of printing from the island. This is a lawyer’s brief concerning the trial about the inheritance of the Dureau family in Saint Domingue. The process concerned the division of the estate of the late Laurent Dureau, who died in 1745, between his children from two mothers. The endless quarrels about the inheritance began in 1719 when Laurent Dureau married Marie Louise Mi- chel; the lawsuit began in 1754 and temporarily concluded with this document, an interlocutory judgement, in 1767. Laurent Dureau’s father, Sebastian, was appointed governor of Saint Domingue by King Louis XIV of France. His son, Laurent, was born in 1694, married three times, and had six children. His most notable offspring was by his third wife, Elisabeth: Jean-Baptiste-Joseph-René Dureau de la Malle (1742-1807), who was known for his translations of Latin literature, and who became member of the Corps Législatif and the French Academy. The origins of printing in Saint Domingue, now Haiti, are obscure. The best contemporary source, Isaiah Thomas in his History of Printing in America, says that a press was established at Port-au-Prince as early as 1750, but this is uncertain; the earliest imprint we can locate is one from 1767 at the Library Company of Philadelphia. At the same time Thomas says the press at Cap Français was established “as early as 1765, and probably several years preceding.” However, the Library Company has a 1752 imprint. It seems likely to us that Thomas reversed the places, since Cap Français was the largest and wealthiest town in colonial Saint Domingue, and that printing began there around 1750 and in Port-au-Prince about 1765. The present work is the earliest imprint from Saint Domingue which we have handled. We could trace only one copy in institutional holdings, at the New York Public Library. $14,500.

A Very Early Saint Domingue Imprint: Rules for Freed Slaves and Free “Men of Color”

138. [Saint Domingue]: RÉGLEMENT CONCERNANT LES GENS DE COULEUR LIBRES. EXTRAIT DES REGISTRES DU CONSEIL SUPERIEUR DU PORT-AU-PRINCE. Port-au-Prince: chez Guillot, July 16, 1773. 4pp. Quarto, on a single folded sheet. Old fold, short tear along vertical fold. Very good.

A rare Haitian imprint that enumerates the rules on how mulattos and other “gens de couleur libres” [free people of color] who were born free can take the last names of their fathers, and how freed slaves can take the names of the masters who gave them their freedom. In the complex slave society of colonial Saint Domingue, the illegitimate offspring of white masters and their slave mistresses were generally free, sometimes quite wealthy, but with circum- scribed civil rights. Likewise, freed slaves (for example, Touissant L’Ouverture) often had substantial property and slaves. The origins of printing in Saint Domingue, now Haiti, are obscure. The best contemporary source, Isaiah Thomas in his History of Printing in America, says that a press was established at Port-au-Prince as early as 1750, but this is uncertain because the earliest imprints do not survive. In American libraries we can locate a 1767 Port-au-Prince imprint at the Library Company of Philadelphia, while the earliest held by the John Carter Brown Library (which has by far the most extensive collection of very early Saint Domingue imprints, with about three dozen prior to 1785) is 1769. Thomas says there was a press at Cap Français “as early as 1765, and probably several years preceding,” but we locate a single imprint at the Library Company dated 1752. In the period from 1769 to 1773 a printer named Guillot evidently operated presses in both Port-au-Prince and Cap Français with the royal patent. Guillot either died or retired the year this was printed, and was succeeded by a printer named Donnet. A rare and highly important imprint, describing the complex rules that governed free African-Americans in the slave culture of Saint Domingue. Only one copy is located, at the John Carter Brown Library. OCLC 172819628. Isaiah Thomas, History of Printing in America (2nd ed., 1874) I, pp.10- 11. $9500.

A Very Early and Unique Saint Domingue Imprint

139. [Saint Domingue]: RÉPONSE AU PRÉCIS. POUR MESSIRE JEAN-BAPTISTE DE CASTERA...CONTRE Me. GARDON DE COLIERE...EN PRÉSENCE DU SIEUR LA VINCENDIERE, REÇU TIERS-OPPOSANT À L’ARRÊT DU 21 JANVIER 1754, DEMANDEUR & DÉFENDEUR [caption title]. Port-au-Prince: De l’Imprimerie Royale, 1778. 20pp. Quarto. Stitched as issued. A few contemporary manuscript notations. Minor soiling and wear. Very good plus.

A remarkably early Saint Domingue imprint, previously unrecorded. The quality of the printing and production puts to shame most North American work of the same period. The pamphlet is a response to a court case from 1754 involving nine casks of indigo, tried by Jean Baptiste de Castera as defendant, and Gardon de Coliere and his spouse, Marie-Françoise Lombard, as the plaintiffs. This document outlines the facts of the case and refutes them, with a final “Consultation” throwing out the case against M. de Castera. The origins of printing in Saint Domingue, now Haiti, are obscure. The best contemporary source, Isaiah Thomas in his History of Printing in America, says that a press was established at Port-au-Prince as early as 1750, but this is uncertain because the earliest imprints do not survive. In American libraries we can locate a 1767 Port-au-Prince imprint at the Library Company of Philadelphia, while the earliest held by the John Carter Brown Library (which has by far the most extensive collection of very early Saint Domingue imprints, with about three dozen prior to 1785) is 1769. The earliest we have ever seen in the market is 1773. The survival rate of early Caribbean imprints is very low, and as a result all Caribbean printing from the 18th-century is quite rare. No copies of this item are located in OCLC, and it appears to be a unique survival. $13,500.

The Grievances of Saint Domingue

140. [Saint Domingue]: DISCOURS PRONONCÉ Á L’ASSEMBLÉE GÉNÉRALE DE LA PARTIE DU NORD, LE 28 OCTOBRE 1789, PAR M. GATERAU [caption title]. [Cap Français]. Oct. 28, 1789. 3pp. on a single folded sheet. Minor soiling. Untrimmed. Near fine.

This imprint consists of a speech made to the Northern General Assembly, based in the leading city of the colony, Cap Français, criticizing a list of grievances filed by the colony of Saint Domingue. Of particular interest is an article regarding the inherent superiority of the upper class, particularly plantation owners, which the speaker denigrates as bestowing an arbitrary power and dignity on them. These “doleances” (complaints) came from the small planters who were ready to use the French Revolution to attack the grand planters, causing the hierarchy of the colony to deteriorate rapidly. This served as a precursor to the devastating slave revolt which soon followed. A rare imprint, evidently unrecorded. $3750.

A Large Broadside from Saint Domingue

141. [Saint Domingue]: EXTRAIT DES REGISTRES DE L’ASSEMBLÉE PROVINCIALE DE LA PARTIE DU NORD DE LA COLONIE FRANÇOISE DE SAINT-DOMINGUE. DES DÉLIBÉRATIONS DE LA SÉANCE DU MERCREDI 18 NOVEMBRE 1789...[caption title]. [Cap Français. Nov. 18, 1789]. Broadside, 17¾ x 14 inches. Old folds, minor wear at edges, some minor foxing. Very good.

Concerning the local militia, signed in type by Jean-Jacques Bacon de la Chevalerie (1731-1815) as President of the Northern Provincial Assembly, and by Geanty as Secretary. Here the assembly deals with the organization of a militia responsible for ensuring the public tranquility, on the model of the National Guard in Paris. Brigadier Bacon de la Chevalerie, chosen from the outset by the settlers to chair the Northern Assembly, declared himself leader of the white separatist movement on the island and played a significant role in the revolutionary events of the period. A rare format for surviving imprints from Saint Domingue. From imprints handled by this firm we know that there was a rich print culture in Saint Domingue on the verge of the revolution. There were presses at Saint Marc, Port-au-Prince, and Cap Français, with probably two or three different printers at each of the latter two. All Caribbean printing is quite rare. No copies located in OCLC. $5000.

142. [Saint Domingue]: Aussigne, Marquis d’: [Haiti]: ADRESSE A MES- SIEURS LES HABITANTS DU PETIT-GOAVE...[caption title]. [Cap Français]. Nov. 19, 1789. 2pp. on a single sheet. Minor toning. Very good. Untrimmed.

A defense of the importance of France’s colonies, with a particular emphasis on the business and economic values, by the Marquis d’Aussigne. He warns of the consequences of a split between France and its Caribbean colonies, urging the French National Assembly to allow provincial administrations in the provinces. This des- perate attempt to maintain aristocratic control over France’s colonies came at the emergence of the Revolution and is a significant example of the futile attempts of the large planter class to preserve power and order. Apparently unrecorded. $3000.

143. [Saint Domingue]: [Bacon de Chevalerie, Jean-Jacques]: EXTRAIT DES REGISTRES DE L’ASSEMBLÉE PROVINCIALE DU NORD DE LA COLONIE FRANÇOISE DE SAINT-DOMINGUE. DES DÉLIBÉRATIONS AUX SÉANCES DES 30 NOVEMBRE & 2 DÉCEMBRÈ 1789...[caption title]. [Cap Français. Dec. 2, 1789]. 3pp. on a single folded sheet.

Cap Français was the capital of the northern province of Saint Domingue, and Bacon de Chevalerie was the first president of its provincial assembly. In this declaration the Assemblée proclaimed itself a permanent body and distributed its activity between four offices. The local assemblies were still technically illegal under French law. Extremely rare, with only one institutional holding in OCLC, at the John Carter Brown Library. OCLC 859254837. $2750.

144. [Saint Domingue]: EXTRAIT DES REGISTRES DU CONSEIL SU- PÉRIEUR DE SAINT-DOMINGUE. DU VINGT-NEUF DÉCEM- BRE MIL SEPT CENT QUATRE-VINGT-NEUF. Port-au-Prince: Chez Bourdon, [Dec. 29, 1789]. 2pp. on a folded folio sheet, retaining the conjugate blank. Minor edge wear, small areas of discoloration on front page, else near fine. Untrimmed.

A rare extract from the records of the Higher Council of Saint Domingue, from Dec. 29, 1789. This measure, ignoring the ongoing French Revolution, suspends an assignment entrusted to Mr. Ruotte on the visit and inventory of courts administration services and bailiwicks in Cap Français. Very rare, with only one copy in OCLC, at the John Carter Brown Library. OCLC 79464087. $2750.

Trying to Hold Back the Tide of Emancipation

145. [Saint Domingue]: ADRESSE DE LA JEUNESSE DU CAP-FRAN- ÇOIS, ISLE SAINT-DOMINGUE [caption title]. [N.p., but probably Cap Français. Jan. 2, 1790]. 7pp. Loose sheets, stitching perished. Minor soiling. Very good plus.

By the beginning of 1790 the arguments of the French Revolution were raising the issue of emancipation in Saint Domingue. This rare and interesting pamphlet argues against the emancipation of slaves there. It is signed at the end: “les 4,000 J.G. du Cap, de la secte d’Emmanuel.” Only four copies located in OCLC, all of them in European institutions. $3850.

146. [Saint Domingue]: LETTRE DE M. LE GÉNÉRAL A M. CHA- CHEREAU, AVOCAT AU CONSEIL-SUPÉRIEUR DE SAINT- DOMINGUE, ET RÉPONSE DE M. CHACHEREAU [caption title]. Port-au-Prince: de l’Imprimerie de Mozard, Jan. 4, 1790. 8pp. Single sheet, untrimmed and unopened. Fine.

Letter from the Governor General of Saint Domingue, Louis-Antoine Thomas- sin de Peinier, to the lawyer, Chachereau, concerning the Association de Jeunes Citoyens (Association of Young Citizens) in Port-au-Prince. The Governor Gen- eral expresses here his concern about the trouble the group seems to have created. Chachereau’s response is also printed. In 1790 the colony of Saint Domingue was a tinderbox waiting to catch the fire of revolution and independence, and Peinier certainly had his hands full. Rare, with copies located only at the British Library and Bibliothèque Nationale. $3000.

147. [Saint Domingue]: EXTRAIT DES REGISTRES DES DÉLIBÉRA- TIONS DU COMITÉ PERMANENT, SÉANT À JÉRÉMIE [caption title]. Port-au-Prince: de l’Imprimerie de Mozard, Jan. 22, 1790. 4pp. Folded quarto sheet. Minor soiling. Near fine.

Reflections on the necessity and benefit of local assemblies in Saint Domingue in the wake of the French Revolution. As French control over the colony collapsed, local assemblies began a local struggle for control between the large and small planters. We can locate one copy, at the John Carter Brown Library. $3000.

Regulations for Local Government

148. [Saint Domingue]: PLAN DE L’ASSEMBLÉE PROVINCIALE DU NORD SUR L’ORGANISATION DE LA MUNICIPALITÉ DE LA VILLE & BANLIEUE DU CAP SOUMIS À LA CENSURE DES DISTRICTS, POUR ÊTRE STATUÉ D’APRÈS LA MA- JORITÉ DE LEUR VOEU CE QU’IL APPARTIENDRA [caption title]. [Cap Français. March 24, 1790]. 16pp. Gathered signatures. Soft horizontal crease, else near fine. Untrimmed.

Very rare regulation presented in eighty-two articles, organizing the municipality and the different functions of the police in the town of Cap Français, the principal community in the north of Saint Domingue. These dispositions were made on March 24, 1790, by the northern Provincial Assembly, who wished to specifically base the Island’s institutions on those of the municipalities in the metropolis; in fact, the enacted regulations follow the decrees passed by the National Assembly on these different matters. The title translates: Plan from the Northern Provincial Assembly on the Organization of the Municipality of the Town and Suburbs of Cap, Subject to District Censorships, to be Held According to the Majority of Their Wishes. Not in OCLC. $4000.

The Last Royal Governor Tries to Maintain Order

149. [Saint Domingue]: [Peynier, Louis-Antoine Thomassin de]: DÉCLA- RATION DE MONSIEUR LE GOUVERNEUR GÉNÉRAL, SUR L’INTERPRÉTATION DES DÉCRETS DES 8 & 28 MARS. Port- au-Prince: de l’Imprimerie de Mozard, March 28, 1790. 10pp. Original paper wrappers, gathered signatures. Very clean. Untrimmed and partially unopened. Very good.

A statement by Peynier, Governor General of the colony Saint Domingue, concerning the decrees set forth by the National Assembly and their application and effect on the colony. These decrees came at a crucial time for Saint Domingue as the French Revolution gained momentum. Many of the large plantation owners hoped to bring about independence from France and to assert a more powerful role for the aristocracy of the colony. Peynier’s tenure was marked by his loyalty to the state and his opposition to the Assembly with whom he fruitlessly tried to negoti- ate. Rare, with only two copies located in OCLC, at Columbia and The New York Public Library. $4000.

150. [Saint Domingue]: CORRESPONDANCE DE M. LE GÉNÉRAL AVEC L’ASSEMBLÉE GÉNÉRALE DE LA PARTIE FRANÇOISE DE SAINT-DOMINGUE. Port-au-Prince: de l’Imprimerie de Mozard, May 16, 1790. 16pp. Folded sheets. Light creasing and wear. Clean and fresh. Very good plus.

A rare imprint containing correspondence between the royally appointed Governor General of the island and the illegally formed Provincial Assembly. The correspondence runs from April 27 to May 16. The governor, Antoine de Thomassin Peynier, would subsequently attempt to disband the assembly. Peynier resigned at the end of 1790. Four copies in OCLC, at the Bibliothèque Nationale, John Carter Brown Library, New York Public Library, and American Antiquarian Society. BISSAINTHE 7285. $4000. 151. [Saint Domingue]: EXTRAIT DES REGISTRES DES DÉLIBÉRA- TIONS DE L’ASSEMBLÉE PROVINCIALE DU NORD DE SAINT-DOMINGUE [caption title]. [Cap Français]: De l’Imprimerie de l’Assemblée Provinciale du Nord, May 17, 1790. 4pp. Folded quarto sheet. Minor soiling. Near fine.

An extract from the proceedings of the Assemblée du Nord of Saint Domingue concerning a conflict over whether or not the provincial assembly meeting at Saint Marc had the authority to create legislative decrees. Royalists argued that the only recognized legislative body was the national assembly, while the different provincial assemblies jockeyed for local control. We can locate one copy, at the John Carter Brown Library. $3500.

152. [Saint Domingue]: ARRÊTÉ DU CONSEIL SUPÉRIEUR DE SAINT-DOMINGUE. EXTRAIT DES REGISTRES DU CONSEIL SUPÉRIEUR DE SAINT-DOMINGUE [caption title]. Port-au-Prince: chez Bourdon, Imprimeur du Roi & du conseil superieur de Saint-Domingue, May 21, 1790. 4pp. Quarto on a folded folio sheet. Minor wear and soiling. Very good.

An edict issued by the Council of Saint Domingue at Port-au-Prince but lacking the ratification of the Royal governor or the National Assembly. This was another step in the movement for independence by the white planters of Saint Domingue and the efforts of France to keep control of her colony. While the French Revolu- tion raged in Europe, the people of Saint Domingue struggled with their conflicts between the large and small planter classes and the free “men of color.” $2750.

153. [Saint Domingue]: EXTRAIT DES REGISTRES DES DÉLIBÉRA- TIONS DE LA PAROISSE DE LA CROIX-DES-BOUQUETS, PARTIE DE L’OUEST DE SAINT-DOMINGUE [caption title]. Port-au-Prince: de l’Imprimerie de Mozard, May 30, 1790. 4pp. Folio, on a folded sheet. Minor soiling. Near fine.

A rare imprint from Port-au-Prince, describing the growing dispute between the province of Saint Marc and the other parts of the island. The Parish Assembly of Croix-des-Bouquets decided to reject the address of May 17, 1790 emanating from the Assembly of Saint Marc. This document provides a nine-point argument and a commentary on the national decree of March 8 of the same year, which created the colonial assemblies. Not in the John Carter Brown Library, which has the largest collection of imprints from revolutionary Saint Domingue. $4500.

154. [Saint Domingue]: LES DÉPUTÉS DE LA PROVINCE DU NORD DE SAINT-DOMINGUE, A MESSIEURS LES CITOYENS DES DISTRICTS DU PORT-AU-PRINCE [caption title]. Port-au-Prince: de l’Imprimerie de Mozard, [ June] 1790. 4pp. on a folded sheet. Very good.

This address from the citizens of the northern region of Saint Domingue, to the province of the West, around Port-au-Prince, is part of the growing regional factionalism within the colony. As the authority of the Royal government waned, the local assemblies, made legal in May 1790, became battlegrounds between the forces of the large and small planters and the “free men of color.” As with all imprints of this era, quite rare. SWAN, CARIBBEAN PRINTING, p.32. $3000.

155. [Saint Domingue]: CONFESSION & PÉNITENCE DE L’ASSEM- BLÉE GÉNÉRALE [caption title]. [Cap Français]. June 17, 1790. 8pp. on a folded sheet. Fine. Untrimmed and unopened.

This pamphlet repudiates the secessionist assembly at Saint Marc and declares that real authority resides solely with the King in France. The authors reiterate that Saint Domingue is not a sovereign state but a colony of France and should behave accord- ingly. The French Revolution fueled unrest in the colony, eventually leading to the over- throw of French rule on the island. This imprint serves to illustrate the remarkable print culture of pre-Revolutionary Saint Domingue, by far the richest of French sugar colonies. From imprints handled by this firm we know that there were presses at Saint Marc, Port-au-Prince, and Cap Français, with probably two different printers at each of the latter two. All printing from the 18th-century Caribbean is rare. Only two copies located in OCLC, at the Bibliothèque Nationale and the John Carter Brown Library. $4500.

An Unrecorded Saint Domingue Imprint

156. [Saint Domingue]: ADRESSE DE L’ASSEMBLÉE PROVIN- CIALE DE LA PARTIE DU NORD DE ST. DOMINGUE, A L’ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE, DANS LAQUELLE ON PROPOSE LES MOYENS DE RAPPELLER LA CONFIANCE, LE CALME & LA CONCORDE, & DE FIXER L’UNION ÉTERNELLE DE LA COLONIE AVEC LA FRANCE [caption title]. [Cap Français]. June 28, 1790. 12pp. Folded sheets, unstitched. Dampstained. About very good. Untrimmed. In a half morocco and cloth clamshell case with cloth chemise.

This apparently unrecorded Saint Domingue imprint is an official colonial document issued by the Assemblée Provinciale du Nord of Saint Domingue, in which the Assemblée Provinciale addresses the Assemblée Nationale with the aim of settling some of the unrest in the colony, caused in part by the French Revolution, but by this time spreading to slave revolts in the French colony. Sabin and Bissainthe both list only a Paris edition of this imprint (23pp.). No copies of this imprint are located in OCLC, and it is evidently unique. This imprint serves to illustrate the remarkable print culture of pre-Revolutionary Saint Domingue, by far the richest of French sugar colonies. From imprints handled by this firm we know that there were presses at Saint Marc, Port-au-Prince, and Cap Français, with probably two printers at each of the last two. Among imprints this firm sold to the John Carter Brown Library there is a Port-au-Prince edition of this pamphlet, issued by the official printer there, Mozard. The present piece, printed in Cap Français, where the Northern Provincial Assembly met, is in all probability the first edition. That two separate editions of such a work were issued in a Caribbean colony in the 18th century is in itself remarkable. That each survives in a unique copy illustrates how little we know about early Caribbean imprints. Another edition: SABIN 75040. BISSAINTHE 4382. $4000.

157. [Saint Domingue]: EXTRAIT DES REGISTRES DE LA MUNICI- PALITÉ DU CAP. DE LA SÉANCE EXTRAORDINAIRE DE 7 JUILLET 1790.... Cap Français: de l’Imprimerie royale, July 7, 1790. 8pp. Single folded sheet. Faint dampstain. Very good. Unopened and untrimmed.

Convened in special session, the municipality of Cap Français warns the Provincial Assembly of the North not to maintain direct or indirect relations with the colonial assembly at Saint Marc. At this point the issues between the rich north, controlled by the large planters, and the smaller planters of Saint Marc, had reached a boiling point. Very rare. Not in OCLC. $3750.

158. [Saint Domingue]: EXTRAIT DES REGISTRES DES DÉLIBÉRA- TIONS DES CITOYENS DE LA PAROISSE DE LA CROIX-DES- BOUQUETS, ISLE SAINT-DOMINGUE [caption title]. Port-au- Prince: de l’Imprimerie de Mozard, July 25, 1790. 4pp. Folded quarto sheet. Fine.

Attacks the opposition to the formation of local assemblies in Saint Domingue. Croix-des-Bouquets had formed a Parish Assembly, part of the splintering of authority as the revolution gathered force. Not in the John Carter Brown Library, which has the largest collection of imprints from revolutionary Saint Domingue. $3000. The North Strikes Back

159. [Saint Domingue]: DISCOURS DE M. AUVRAY, PRESIDENT, APRÈS LA LECTURE DES ARRÊTÉS DE LA MUNICIPALITÉ [caption title]. [Cap Français]: De l’Imprimerie de l’Assemblée Provinciale du Nord, [August 1790]. 4pp. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Very minor wear. Near fine.

The author attempts to set forth the respective powers of the Provincial Assembly and the local municipalities, opposing the assembly of Saint Marc’s desire to separate their region from the others. He proposes a ban on communications between Cap Français and the Assembly of Saint Marc. Rare, with a copy located only at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. $3500.

160. [Saint Domingue]: EXTRAIT DU REGISTRE DES DÉLIBÉRA- TIONS DE LA PAROISSE DU PORT-AU-PRINCE [caption title]. Port-au-Prince: de l’Imprimerie de Mozard, Aug. 9, 1790. 8pp. Folded sheet. Fine. Unopened.

This pamphlet relates the deliberations against the conduct and decisions of the Assembly of Saint Marc. It outlines grievances against the colonial policy of the Assembly (that is to say that the Assembly is “anti-national” or “separatist) in a lengthy list. The parish responds to the decisions of the Assembly of Saint Marc and decides to send four members to France to explain the situation of the colony. One copy of this work located in OCLC, at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. $3500.

Further Attacks on Saint Marc

161. [Saint Domingue]: DÉCRET DE L’ASSEMBLÉE CI-DEVANT SÉANTE A SAINT-MARC, QUI PROSCRIT M. LE COMTE DE PEINIER & LES MEMBERS DE SON CONSEIL.... Port-au-Prince: de l’Imprimerie de Mozard, Aug. 18, 1790. 16pp. Minor foxing and soiling to titlepage. Very good. Unopened and untrimmed.

The fourth publication issued by the Comte de Peinier, governor of Saint Domingue, concerning the separatist movement of the Assembly of Saint Marc. It includes sections on the arming of the “free men of color” by the provincial government. An important document in the history of revolutionary-era Haiti, as the situation slid rapidly to chaos. Two copies in OCLC, at Columbia and the John Carter Brown Library. $3750. A Major Saint Domingue Imprint

162. [Saint Domingue]: PROPOSITIONS DES CITOYENS DE LA COLONIE QUI ÉTOIENT RASSEMBLÉS À LÉOGANE, ET RÉPONSES DE M. LE GOUVERNEUR GÉNÉRAL. Port-au-Prince: de l’Imprimerie de Mozard, Aug. 23, 1790. 20pp. Gathered signatures. Small color pencil notation on titlepage, minor dampstain in gutter throughout, else very good.

Proposals from the citizens of the colony who were gathered in Léogane, and replies from the Governor General. The military, supported by the Royal Governor of Saint Domingue, took action against the Assem- bly of Saint Marc on July 29-30, and the dissidents fled on the ship Le Léopard on Aug. 8. It was felt necessary, especially in the south and west of the colony, to continue to contain the fugitive dissidents. A meeting held in Léogane was surrounded by the Governor’s troops and the militia of planters called the Voluntary Patriots. In the end some restricted proposals were put forward, to which Governor Peinier gave mostly conciliatory replies. In the present document the introduction by Peinier is followed by the proposals opposing the Governor’s proposals. A rare work, with only seven copies in OCLC. ROQUINCOURT 4203. $4750.

163. [Saint Domingue]: LETTRE DU BUREAU DE CORRESPON- DANCE DE LA COMPAGNIE DE MESSIEURS LES VOLO- NTAIRES DU PORT-AU-PRINCE, A MM. DE L’ASSEMBLÉE PROVINCIALE DU NORD. [Cap Français]: De l’Imprimerie de l’Assemblee Provinciale du Nord, Sept. 9, 1790. 3pp. on a folded sheet. Mi- nor soiling on first page. Very good. Untrimmed.

An intriguing and rare imprint, from the Company of Volunteers in Port-au-Prince to the Governor’s General Assembly, rebuking their recent statements. The offen- sive letter proposed a split from the government and purported to be written by a member of the militiamen. They go on to pledge their allegiance to the General, encouraging him to continue his move against the rebellious province of Saint Marc. Any early Saint Domingue imprints are rare. We have handled one copy previously. $2850.

164. [Saint Domingue]: EXTRAIT DES REGISTRES DE DÉLIBÉRA- TIONS DE LA PAROISSE DE LA MARMELADE [caption title]. [Cap Français]: De l’Imprimerie de L’Assemblee Provinciale du Nord, [Sept. 15, 1790]. 4pp. Bifolium. Minor toning, small red pencil mark on first page. Very good.

Printed document by the citizens of the Parish of Marmelade, describing a letter sent to them by the leaders of another parish encouraging them to form a confederation. They go on to discuss their hope for peace and their dedication to remain loyal to the French nation and the King. Written at the relative beginning of the French Revolution, this document demonstrates how much power loyalty to the monarchy still held over the com- munities located in French colonies. Rare, with only one copy located in OCLC, in the Bibliothèque National in Paris. $3250.

Item 165. 165. [Saint Domingue]: [Rouxel de Blanchelande, Philibert-François]: PROCLAMATION DE M. LE LIEUTENANT GENERAL AU GOUVERNEMENT, CONCERNANT LES TROUBLES ACTUELS DE LA COLONIE, EN DATE DU 12 NOVEMBRE 1790. Port-au- Prince: de l’Imprimerie de Mozard, Nov. 12, 1790. 4pp. on a folded sheet. One pencil underlining, else fine. Untrimmed.

A rare imprint related to a skirmish which precipitated the beginning of the Hai- tian Revolution. Philibert-François Rouxel de Blanchelande, French general and governor of Saint Domingue from the end of 1790 through the revolution, led French Royalist forces against the rebel Haitians. He eventually lost Haiti to the revolutionaries, and met the guillotine in Paris in 1793. Here Rouxel addresses the small revolt led by Vincent Ogé, a wealthy free Haitian who attempted to secure voting rights for free men of color in Haiti. Rouxel refused to allow Ogé’s request. As a result Ogé organized between 250 and 300 free men of color who successfully repelled several detachments of colonial militia in October 1790 before being driven into Spanish-controlled Santo Domingo in November, the month this proclamation was printed. Eventually Ogé himself was captured, imprisoned, and executed, broken on the wheel in the public square in Cap Français on Feb. 6, 1791, after which he became a martyr to the cause of Haitian independence. An important piece related to early stirrings of the Haitian Revolution, which blew wide open just a few months later, in April 1791. Only one copy recorded in OCLC, at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette. All early printing from the 18th-century Caribbean is rare, especially those that mention revolutionaries by name. OCLC 8225195. $4250.

Early Haitian Commission, Signed by the Jacobin Commissioner

166. [Saint Domingue]: [PRINTED COMMISSION, COMPLETED IN MANUSCRIPT, SIGNED BY LÉGÉR-FÉLICITÉ SONTHONAX, APPOINTING THE MULATTO GENERAL VILLATE AS COM- MANDER OF CAP-FRANÇAIS]. Cap Français. Oct. 10, 1793. Broad- side, 18½ x 11¾ inches, completed in manuscript. Old fold lines. Light wear and soiling. Very good.

During the early years of the French Revolution, Sonthonax was the civil commissioner of Saint Domingue, which would soon become Haiti. A radical Jacobin, he presided over a chaotic period of conflicts between royalists and revolutionaries, and between whites, free people of color, and slaves in full revolt. He is most remembered for freeing the colony’s slaves on Aug. 29, 1793 in an effort to gain the support of Toussaint L’Ouverture’s forces against the Spanish. This document appoints the mulatto general, Villate, a rival of Toussaint’s, as military commander of the city. It is signed by Sonthonax and countersigned by French military leader Etienne La Veaux, who later assumed the governorship for himself, but he held power only briefly before being deposed by Toussaint. A large woodcut vignette proclaiming “La République Française, Une et Indivisible” heads the document. All early printed material from Saint Domingue is, in and of itself, rare by nature. A handsome and important piece, signed by two important figures in the early Haitian revolution, formalizing the rise to power of a third. $3750.