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Data Networking Guidelines Title page Succession Communication Server for Enterprise 1000 X21 Release 2.0 Data Networking Guidelines Document Number: 553-3023-103 Document Release: Standard 1.00 Date: November 2002 Year Publish FCC TM Copyright © 2002 Nortel Networks All Rights Reserved Printed in Canada Information is subject to change without notice. Nortel Networks reserves the right to make changes in design or components as progress in engineering and manufacturing may warrant. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules, and the radio interference regulations of Industry Canada. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at their own expense. SL-1, Meridian 1, and Succession are trademarks of Nortel Networks. 4 Page 3 of 190 Revision history November 2002 Standard 1.00. This document is issued to support Succession Communication Server for Enterprise 1000, Release 2.0. Data Networking Guidelines Page 4 of 190 553-3023-103 Standard 1.00 November 2002 8 Page 5 of 190 Contents Contents . 5 About this document . 9 Applicable systems . 9 Intended audience . 9 Overview . 11 Contents .. 11 Introduction . 11 The importance of QoS . 12 QoS and network convergence . 14 QoS versus bandwidth .. 15 Network performance dimensions affecting QoE .. 16 Achieving satisfactory voice quality .. 22 System recommendations . 23 Contents .. 23 Reference list .. 24 Core networking . 24 Sample system layout . 35 VoIP QoS parameters . 43 Designing networks for good QoE . 59 Contents .. 59 Data Networking Guidelines Page 6 of 190 Introduction .. 60 The Succession CSE 1000 network . 61 Bandwidth considerations .. 67 Survivability . 75 The QoS process . 75 Layer 2 (Ethernet) QoS .. 79 Layer 3 QoS . 86 Layer 4 (TCP/IP) classification . 94 VoIP network assessment . 97 Contents . 97 Network assessment phases . 97 Physical and logical network diagrams . 101 Link speeds and types . 102 Link utilization assessment .. 106 Protocols in use . 110 Routing protocols . 111 Traffic flows in the network . 112 Calculating voice quality . 112 Tools . 116 Operating the VoIP network . 119 Contents . 119 Reference list . 119 OTM . 120 Element Management . 120 SNMP Network Management .. 124 Policy Management . 125 553-3023-103 Standard 1.00 November 2002 Page 7 of 190 Appendix A: Configuring the BPS / Baystack 450 . 127 Contents .. 127 Creating Telephony VLANs on the Business Policy Switch . 128 QoS configuration for the BPS/Baystack 450 .. 150 Baystack 450 802.1p user priority configuration . 157 Appendix B: Configuring QoS on the Passport 8600 . 159 Contents .. 159 DiffServ core network with BPS 2000 . 159 DiffServ core network with Baystack 450 . 162 QoS on the Passport 8600 . 163 Layer 3 QoS mechanisms . 168 Appendix C: Optivity Policy Services . 173 Contents .. 173 Policies . 173 List of terms . 179 Data Networking Guidelines Page 8 of 190 553-3023-103 Standard 1.00 November 2002 10 Page 9 of 190 About this document This document is a global document. Contact your system supplier or your Nortel Networks representative to verify that the hardware and software described are supported in your area. Applicable systems This document applies to Succession Communication Server for Enterprise (CSE) 1000 systems. Intended audience This document is intended for network deployment personnel responsible for ensuring that the data network has been properly provisioned to support IP Telephony services using Succession CSE 1000 systems. This document assumes that the reader understands general data networking technology and has a fundamental understanding of IP networking technologies and protocols. Data Networking Guidelines Page 10 of 190 About this document 553-3023-103 Standard 1.00 November 2002 22 Page 11 of 190 Overview Contents This section contains information on the following topics: Introduction . 11 The importance of QoS . 12 Application requirements . 14 QoS and network convergence . 14 QoS versus bandwidth. 15 Network performance dimensions affecting QoE. 16 Network availability . 16 Bandwidth. 17 Delay. 18 Jitter . 19 Loss. 20 Achieving satisfactory voice quality. 22 Introduction Data networks were originally designed and deployed to provide best-effort services. Applications such as IP Telephony require the data network to provide special treatment for the telephony packets to ensure that the application works properly. Data Networking Guidelines Page 12 of 190 Overview The primary applications used with IP Telephony are interactive voice, voice mail, facsimile, and voice-band data (modem). Quality of Service (QoS) is the mechanisms and protocols used on the network to obtain reliable quality. Quality of Experience (QoE), also known as the service quality, is the term used to describe the overall performance quality that the network provides the user or application. QoS refers to packet tagging mechanisms and network architecture decisions at the packet layer to expedite packet forwarding and delivery. Networks carrying both telephony and data traffic usually require QoS mechanisms to ensure that the telephony applications achieve acceptable service quality. QoS must be applied uniformly across the network to ensure consistent, timely delivery of telephony packets. End-to-end QoS is required for IP Telephony applications to achieve reliable QoE and is achieved by ensuring that the different parts of the network apply consistent treatment to the telephony packets. The importance of QoS Networks now carry many different types of traffic. Each traffic type has unique requirements for the following elements: • bandwidth • delay • jitter • availability Internet Protocol (IP) is a connectionless protocol. This means that IP packets do not take a specific path across the network. In a best-effort network, this can result in unpredictable QoE. A best-effort network has no specified parameters. It does not guarantee how fast data is transmitted over a network, and has no assurances that the data will even be delivered at all. 553-3023-103 Standard 1.00 November 2002 Overview Page 13 of 190 The IP protocol was originally designed to reliably send a packet to its destination. Little consideration was given to the length of time it took to get there. Today, IP networks transport data from many different application types. Many of these applications require low latency..
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