8366 CONGRESSIONAi: RECORD-- HOUSE June 15 . 318. By, Mr. HORAN: Petition of 180 resi­ advertising within their borders: to the Com­ quest the Fr,esid~nt to Instruct °the United dents of the State of Washington urging mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, States Mission to the United Nations to take that Congress exercise its powers to get alco­ 319. By Mr. TUMULTY: Resolution adopted .such steps _· as might be necessary to have holic beverage advertising off the air and out unanimously by the delegates to the Newark each day's session in the United Nations of the channels of interstate commerce, and (N·. J.) · Archdiocesan Federation . of Holy open with a' prayer; to the Committee on thus protect the rights of States to prevent Name Societies urging the Congress to re- · Foreign Affairs.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Agriculture and Industry-The great contribution to American agriculture. on farms, and still cannot meet the Com­ You have worked for our farmers in good munists' needs for food and fiber, in America Unbeatable American Team times and in bad. Some might well be the efficiency of our farmers-with the tools c_ontent to rest on the record you have.made. from our industry-releases over 86 percent But not the Ford Motor Co. That was not cif our population for ·other work-in fac­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS the nature of Henry Ford, your founder, and tories, in mines, in shops, in transport, in OF it is not the nature of you people who have all the other pursuits which-with the abun­ inherited and merited the responsibility of dance of food and fiber from our farms­ HON. JOHN W. McCORMACK the Ford Motor Co. makes the United States standard of Uving OF MASSACHUSETTS To me this occasion is a demonstration of the object of longing for peoples the world IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES faith. over. : ;you are opening a great farm machinery I think it ls time for America to realize Wednesday,_June 15, 1955 research and engineering center. You are where our fundamental strength lies. It is Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. ·speaker, it showing your faith in the Ford Motor Co. ' time we looked at the source of our strength. You are throwing your lot in with the My message right· here, gentlemen, is this: is my privilege to call to the attention farmers, as never before. You are proving The responsibility of the Ford Motor Co., of the House a notable address by my your faith in the future of American agri­ and the responsibility of all industry playing distinguished colleague, Mr. CooLEY, of culture. on this unbeatable American team, goes North Carolina, chairman of the House I think this is both a time and a place-a beyond the design a,nd manufacture of im­ Committee· ·on Agriculture, in which he proper setting-to examine some funda­ plements. You have a responsibility to join introduced a positive public relations mentals. o·ur farmers in bringing economic equality program· for agriculture, together with a In the manufacture of farm implements, to agriculture. You have a responsibility to the Ford Motor Co. is engaged in the oldest· help maintain a system of due reward and supplement prepared and presented by of all organized industries. The plow was its econqmic justice on the land, in which free Mr. COOLEY. beginning. Indeed, the plow was the begin­ and self-respecting men and women, with The program to tell the truth about ning of civilization. Of all ages, it is the the!.r brains and their hands-and with the our farmers was presented on the occa­ greatest invention. It enabled mankind to tools you shape for them-can hope to earn sion of the opening of the Research and quit wandering in search of food and to a decent living · for themselves and their Enginering Center of the Tractor and f?~ttle for the first time in permanent com­ families. Implement Division, Ford Motor Co., munities. Let us be realistic. Birmingham, Mich., on June 8, 1955. · The plow was invented in the Valley of the . Let us say a good word here for the profit Nile, or the Euphrates. Plows that were motive. Mr. CooLEY spoke on "Agriculture and used two to four thousand years ago have In my mind, the free enterprise system has Industry-The Unbeatable American been unearthed at the sites of old civiliza­ three prime motivations. They are: · Team," usirig this· theme to point up tions. The colonists introduced the plow to 1. Profit'. the injustices ·that have been heaped North America and established civilization 2. The hope of people working for wages,. upon our farmers and to plead for sup­ here. From such a beginning, and on the particularly those of younger ages, that with port of a program that will-bring eco­ solid foundation of any enterprising farm diligence and frugality some day they may nomic' equality to agriculture and lay a people and an ab'undant agriculture, the own their own farm or their own business. solid foundation for our total economy, United States stands first among the nations This is an aspect of every man's desire to be today. - his owu boss. Recently some Members of this House The economic structure of this Nation 3. The natural desire for achievement by a criticized the chairman of our Agricul­ rests upon a productive and prosperous agri­ free people. · ture Committee for receiving the opin­ culture. You produce good plows, good tractors, ions of labor leaders on legislation re­ I am proud to be here today as a part of good harvesters-for the joy of it, to be sure. lating to farm price supports. These this ceremony marking a great occasion of But you certainly produce these implements critics especially should read the address our free enterprise system, in a demonstra­ for the profit ·in it--because profit is impor­ I am inserting in the RECORD today. tion of Ford Motor Co.'s devotion to that tant to the incentive and the good life for They then will understand that Mr. unbeatable team that constantly is improv­ all of you who ·work for Ford Motor Co. ing the nutrition of our people, our health, So it is with our farmers. There are many COOLEY is taking the farmers' case and our strength, our happiness, and our faith, deep satisfactions in working with the soil. 9ause _to industry, to labor, to the great · We cannot overemphasize the importance But there is no joy in poverty on the farm­ city consuming population-to all alike of the cause of progress you are advancing. as there is no joy among improverished peo­ who will listen and to all who are willing But still we must stress here that the de­ ple anywhere. to understand. The source of this criti-· sign and manufacture of implements is not A fair profit in farming is essential to your cism is such that it is the best evidence enough. industry. It is important to every man, that Mr. CooLEY's position is sound and We can put tools in the hands of people. woman, and child in this country. statesmanlike. That is not enough. We can teach them to Our farmers cannot do without the imple­ use the tools. That is not enough. ments you provide for them. You cannot Mr. COOLEY'S address follows: You must have willing hands. You must do without farmers who can earn money to Mr. Chairman and g~ntlemen, I am here have the spirit of an enterprising people. pay for these implements. America cannot to talk about a team . . It is the team that, You must have a society-an economic do without farmers who share in the bless­ about 180 years ago, put on ·the road the order-founded on just reward and in which ings of our free enterprise system along with greatest shown on earth. It is the team that the spirit of freedom springs eternal; · :the rest of our people. has made America the envy of every other Look at the Communist world. Let me say a word here also about the sec­ country on the face of the earth. This is Machines. and the science of agriculture ond motivating force of free enterprise-the "Agriculture and Industry-the Unbeatable are available to Russia. Yet in that unhappy hope of a man to have his own farm or his American Team." · land they want for food. own business. There _are disturbing devel­ The game we are playing is free enterprise, The world has witnessed a great upheaval opments, as this relates to farming. Every Nobody has found a match for it, and I doubt in Russia. Late events show us that the day or s9 you may read in the newspapers an if they ever will. Soviet's greatest weakness is her inability to account of a speech by somebody who should But today, gentlemen, your partner on this match the productivity of America's farmers. know better, telling the country that we unbeatable team is in trouble-serious In Russia, agriculture requires the labor of have too many farmers; that, in effect, the trouble. I want to discuss this with you. A­ fully one-half the · total population. One little fellows are a burden on our economy little later in these remarks, I want to sug­ family on a farm hardly can feed itself and and they should be plowed under. They tell gest something we have got to do. one. other family in town.. In America, each us to send the little farmers to town to look First, however, I must commend a star farm worker feeds 18 persons-16.4 in our for other jobs. player -on industry!s part of this team-the own country and another 1 ½ abroaq. Thus Gentlemen, it is my firm conviction that Ford Motor Co, This company has made a. while half qf R:ussi~'.s tqtal population 'works the ~ore, the greater the number of family- 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8367 size, economically operated farms we can it talces only 26; that in 1954, notwlthstand­ . The Nation is being told farmers are pric­ maintain on the land, the greater will be the. ing a devastating drought in many areas, 18 ing themselves out of their markets. Secre­ strength of our institutions and our free percent fewer farm workers produced 14 tary of Agriculutre Benson subscribes to this. enterprise system, and greater will be the percent more total output than in 1947-and Yet he admits that consumers are getting security of this Nation. Independent farm- he added: "In no other nation today do so more and better food today for a smaller ers were the strength of this Nation when it comparatively few farmers produce food and portion of their income than ever before. was founded. They are among the most fiber, to feed and clothe so many, at such It is hinted that farm people receive too American of Americans. We cannot afford a relatively low price." much for their work and their products. to have fewer of them. This resolution has brought a bonanza for The truth is that the per capita income on So let me suggest and propose a special consumers. An hour's take-home pay bought the farm is scarcely half the income of non­ project for this great farm 1·esearch and 5½ loaves of bread in the 1920's--now it farm people, and the farmers' share of the engineering center. buys 10 loaves; then this pay bought 3% consumer food dollar has dropped from 53 Adapt more of your tools, your implements, quarts of milk-now it buys 7 quarts; then cents in .1946 to 42 cents today. One-third your machines to accommodate the conven- it bought 1 ½ pounds of chicken-now twice of our farmers have incomes of less than ience and the productivity of the family as much; it buys more eggs, more steaks, $1,000 a year. farm unit. I know that you already were and more of everything in the food line. A great many citizens must have shared well underway in this important work, with- Now, I want everyone here to ask himself: my own astonishment when Secretary Ben­ out the benefit of this magnificent research Why did this great efficiency in agriculture son told our House Committee on Agricul­ center. But now you are in a position to develop tn so !ew years, and in these particu­ ture that 90 percent of parity-90 percent o! prove for all of us that the family unit •is lar years? a reasonable price-was a wartime measure , "The Unbeatable American Unit," and you , · I'll tell you why. This efficiency developed for agriculture and price supports on basic can put to shame those who want to send directly from the stablizing effects of our crops should be reduced. This astonishment our small farm.ers into the city streets look- national farm program and _f:r;om the good was aggravated by the fact that at the same ing for jobs. prices resulting from this program and the :time the Secretary of Labor was calling for I think, gentlemen, we have come to a increased demands for food .and fiber brought an increase in the minimum wage. place in this discussion where we might well on by war. . The increase in efficiency is the . And I ask ·you what you would think of ask ourselves: Just how important is fair direct result of improved income that en'.'° the head of an automobile manufacturing and Just farm income-to you and to all of abled farmers to buy good machinery, to concern that went around the country telling us? apply new methods and to protect their soil. prospective customers that the price of his Look back 25 years. The partnership of agriculture and indus- cars was too high, that his company was There are many among you who can re- try, both enjoying the incentives of our free­ pricing itself out of its market? member the late 1920's when agriculture enterprise system, has made this a land of The farmer is blamed for the so-called went into a devastating decline. Our farm- abundance-the envy of the world. . surpluses. The truth is that ihese abundant ·ers called for help. But the rest of tlie econ- But today, gentlemen, as I told you at the supplies resulted directly from the policy of ·omy-much as today-was running high, .beginning of these remarks, your partner in our Government which, at the outbreak of wide, and handsome. The farmer's cries the production of abundance, your partner the Korean conflict, suspended crop controls scarcely were heard. on the unbeatable team, is in trouble-se- and called for all-out production. Ultimately, the ruin of agriculture ran its rious trouble. Word is spread around that the present inevitable course, and our whole economy The average of farm prices is down 22 per- difficulty-the dangerous drop in ·farm in­ tumbled into the great depression. cent since February 1951. Net farm income come-was brought on by our farm prog­ Shocked to our senses, this country be- in 1954 was 28 percent below 1947. The in­ ress. The fact is that our troubles stem latedly came to ·a realization of the impor- come in the first 4 months of 1955 was 5 per­ from the huge supplies that were accumu­ tance of the prosperity of agriculture to the cent below the same period in 1954. Fur­ lateene!}.~ .of. prosp~rity are inclined For instance;· the· ·menace of c9rruption in wrote the music. Something .like $30 per to forget that t~is symbol represent~ gener­ '·government'- which would weaken its fiber: .rr,acliine .has been mentioned. · ' .ations ·of men who fought in battlefields the Another' ts· tiie menace-'of infil:ition whicli ·world over, who drove back the frontiers of would destroy its wealth. Another is the 1 .our Nation, who harnessed the power of our :men·ace of overcentralization in which too mighty ~treams, and opened the door to our . 'much power is being handed to a few: But .Flag Day Ceremony, Marietta, 'Ohio storehouse of unlimited natural resources. so long as we gover~ 01.).rselves; so long . as We {orget that there. were lean and hungry we, as individuals, maintain our own voice days and, years; . anxiety that the noble ex­ in government, we have little to fear_ from .~TENSION OF REMARI.{S . periment in the wilderness of the Western _what happens in the Marietta· Courthouse, OF . Hemisphere ,might fail. Let us remember in the Ohio Capitol, and on the hill in Wash­ as we observe this Flag Day of 1955 liere in ·ington. However, when we freely permit our ·aoN;JOHNE.HENDERSON Marietta, that it is the symbol of a great welfare, our· comforts, and· our breatl arid OF OHIO Nation. It represents the' progress of civili­ butter to be · F.dministered and allocated to zation down through · the entire period of us from the District of Columbia, we are los­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES recorded history which has culminated in ing control of our destiny. Wednesday, June 15, 1955 today's concept of a nation of free men and Our flag is one among the flags· of the women, protected in their enjoyment of life, nations of the world. It is not the only Mr. HENDERSON. Mr. Speaker, on ·liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. symbol of power today. But we like ·to think the evening of June 14, 1955, I attended There is one thing about this flag of that it is ·head and shoulders above the rest. the annual Flag Day services of Marietta ours that ls different from 'the flags of We are anxious always that we can live with the other nations of the world. The Amer­ other nations on a free, cooperative, and lodge No. 477 of the Benevolent and Pro­ ican flag today represents the same princi­ democratic basis. We have assisted -in es­ tective Order of Elks in Marietta, Ohio. ples of freedom that it did in 1776, while the tablishing the United Nations to help our The services were held in the park on the other flags of the world represented one con­ Nation to be free from the danger of inter­ east bank of the Muskingum River at 8 ·cept in the 18th century and if.they exist at national conflict and warfare. We know o'clock in the evening. Colors were ap­ all today, represent an entirely different that it is necessary to give and take a little, propriately provided by the Veterans of concept. Many years ago in England, an in· orde'r to reach agreements with other Foreign Wars and the American Legion. : American sailor happened to be standing nations, and this we have done willingly. Also participating was the Marietta near an African queen during a review of But if we are to maintain our freedoms in a · the naval forces of the world and as each world in which full half of the nations scoff High School band. flag crossed the bow of the inspecting vessel, at those same freedoms, we cannot permit The members of that band very re­ the American sailor pointed out the salient the principles of the Stars and Stripes to be cently visited Washington and had an features of the ship and the colors it bore. supplanted by the symbol of an interna­ opportunity to observe the House of Rep­ As a ship of the British Navy passed in re­ tional organization. We know that we must resentatives and other branches of Gov·­ view, he stated, "There is the flag of the deal with other nations and make agree­ ernment in operation. I feel that their King of England," and as a. Dutch vessel ments with them, both for our mutual pro­ wholehearted cooperation and splendid passed, he explained, "There is the flag of tection and for our economic benefit. But, the Queen of the Netherlands," and as a. in so doing, we should not so 'bind ourselves attendance at this Flag Day ceremony Spanish ship passed he remarked, "There that through the ordinary procedures of our was, in part, caused by the patriotic is the flag of his royal highness, the King constitutional form of government, we can­ interest aroused through their visit here. of Spain." And so it went with the flags not protect our basic sovereignty and our It was my pleasure to assist in this Flag of the monarchs of the world. Tlien, proud­ basic industries, our small, independent in­ Day ceremony by furnishing the address ly flowing in the breeze, came the Star~ and dustries here in southeastern Ohio, which 1955 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD -_ HOUSE ') for a generation have suffered from .increas­ dent Eisenhower that he-will recognize in I am pleased to say that these. am..:, ingly unrestricted competition from abroad. this clause that the national security is bassadorial responses-including several: We must not destroy our industries nor the dependent upon the prosperity of our from .our most honored Foreign Service initiative which created them. This flag of ours is one which serves to people. officers and from other well-honored instill pride in our country. _We are proud . Second. The bill passed by the House Americans from private life-have re­ of its historic past and of the growth that on rollcall No. 83 also strengthens the ceived extensive coverage in the United our Nation has displayed. We know that in escape clause by providing that claims States press. I am glad now to ask that the field of battle, the ~nspiration of the could be made if the industry thought it they have the further attention in our Stars and Stripes has brought forth the best had suffered substantial damage from country by inclusion in the CONGRES­ sense of patriotism and devotion to duty on imports. In fact, this new provision . SIONAL RECORD. the part of our soldiers, and we know too, that in a _tim,e 9f world crisis, the Stars and makes it possible for the President to I ask unanimous consent that the re­ Stripes and its principles have brought out come to the aid of the industry without sponses received by Mr: Bernays be the best in us. But if we are to continue the recommendation of the Tariff Com­ printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, to have the rights and privileges and pro­ mission. and that they be preceded by a list of tection which it exemplifies, we must re­ In fact, amendments 28 and 29 seem to the able membership of the National member that there are also duties which we make this necessary correction, at least Committee for an Adequate Overseas In­ must perform in exchange. in part, and this was not possible under formation Program. We are inclin_ed so often to dema~d justice for ourselves and point at the flag and say the limited rule under which the bill was There being no objection, the matters it guarantees justice. At the same time, we considered before the House. were ordered to be printed in the REC­ are the ones who would like to evade jury Thus, I am supporting this measure ORD, as follows: duty. We complain about the condition of with a prayer in my heart that the many NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR AN ADEQUATE OVER­ our schools and point to the flag and say industries in this country that are so that it guarantees our children a fine educa­ SEAS UNITED STATES INFORMATION PROGRAM much in need of protection will be recog­ Edward L. Bernays, chairman; Edward W. tion and yet, at the same time, we resist nized. additional requests for taxes to. maintain the Barrett, S. R. Bernstein, Hod ding Carter, schools. We insist that our Government do Leo M. Cherne, J. R. Cominsky, Fleur Cowles, for us the things we cannot perform and Nate L. Crabtree, Elmer Davis, George Gallup, point to the flag and say that it guarantees The United States Overseas Information Palmer Hoyt, Charles M. Hulten, Robert L. Johnson, C. B. Larrabee, Harold D. Lasswell, to us a Government which will protect the Program-Comments by United States· little fellow and help home industry and a James A. Linen, Ed Lipscomb, Harlan Logan, dozen other things and yet, when election Ambassadors · Louis M. Lyons, Ralph McGill, Charles F. day comes around, we are among those who Moore, Jr., Wallace H. Moore, Theodore S. fail to vote. Repplier, 0. W. Riegel, Jean Wade Rindlaub, We are proud of our flag and we want to EXTENSION OF REMARKS- Howland H. Sargeant, Paul C. Smith, Mark keep it a symbol of ~ strong N_ation. I am oF Starr, Ordway Tead, W. W. Waymack, E. S. sure that that would be the wish of our Whitman. Revolutionary .fathers who b~ttled valiantly HON. ALEXANDER WILEY to keep it alof.t. , And I am sure it would be OF WISCONSIN COMMENTS OF UNITED STATES AMBASSADORS the wish of our heroic dead .who gave their IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Winthrop W. Aldrich, American Ambassa­ full measure of devotion, that it would still dor, London, England: "Serving in Britain be ,fliyiflg . when the smoke of battle cleared, · Wednesday, June 15, 1955 as the representative of the United States and l am sure that it is the wish of the tor­ Government, I have been impressed more tured souls behind the curtains of the Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, a Senate­ House conference committee will shortly than ever with the importance to Anglo­ heathen nations, who· dream of the day when American unity of a clearer understanding the -:Jl?'inciples that it represents will save complete action on the next fiscal year's . at all times between our two countries. It them from the empty tomorrow of a nation appropriations for the United States In­ is essential that there be the greatest possi- under the iron fist of communistic dictator­ formation Agency. ble flow of information between Britain and ship and I am sure that it is the wish, al­ though unexpressed, of our: children as they As I have previously stated on the the United States to strengthen and foster uninhibitedly express delight in the beauty Senate floor, I believe that the funds that understanding. In this process the and symmetry of our Stars and Stripes . . wisely restored by the Senate should be United States information program plays a retained in the final conference report. most significant part. I have seen for my­ self the valuable contribution which the Evidence throughout the world fully Pnited States Information Service makes to confirms. the advisability of continuing the proper understanding and appreciation The Trade Agreements 'Act the information program. abroad of the American people and Ameri­ In particular, the . men and women can foreign policy. .I am convinced that this EXTENSION. OF REMARKS who serve as our Chiefs of Missions, program deserves fullest support not only representing the Government and the in the national interest but in the interest OF people of the United States in foreign also of the whole free world." lands, have consistently commended this John Davis Lodge, American Ambassador, HON. JOHN V. BEAMER Madrid, Spain: "I welcome the opportunity OF INDIANA agency for its indispensable role in in­ to make a statement for your committee on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES terpreting the people and news of the the vital importance of an adequate United United States to the world. Wednesday, June 15, 1955 States information program overseas. Certainly, the judgment of our am­ "I have long been on record for support of Mr. BEAMER. Mr. Speaker, on roll­ bassadors should be given due heed by an adequate United States information pro­ call No. 83, on June 14, I voted yea on the Congress of the United States~ for gram, both when I was in _Congress and sub­ the conference report for H. R. 1 to ex­ it is our ambassadors who are on the sequently as Governor of the State of Con­ tend the Trade Agreements Act for 3 sce:1e, who are in day-to-day contact necticut. Indeed, I was a member of the years. subcommittee of the Foreign Affairs Com­ with governments and peoples, and mittee which drafted the legislation creating The record will indicate that I have whose judgment is, therefore, most ex­ the United States Information Service. not supported the Trade Agreements Act pert in this field. "Not only must we fight the insidious on previous rollcalls. I am very pleased that the distin­ spread of communism with the truth, but we In this instance I still feel that the guished chairman of the National Com­ must also constantly explain our motives and American producer and the American la­ mittee for an Adequate Overseas Infor­ our intentions to our friends so that there boring man is entitled to protection and mation Program-which I have been can be no doubt of their understanding of consideration. I felt that the conference pleased to commend previously o_n the the path we are following in world affairs. committee's report strengthened the Senate floor-Mr. Edward L. Bernays, "I wish you and your committee great measure in certain respects over that saw fit to invite the ·reactions of United success in your valid undertaking. "I shall be glad to have you use this state­ which was passed by the House. States Chiefs of Missions to our over­ ·ment for· publication." First. The bill in its final form gives seas information program. The· re­ James B. Conant, American Ambassador, the President greater authority to im­ sponses have been most heartwarming Bonn/Bad God esberg, Germany: pose higher tariffs -on import quotas if to this .national committee of civic­ "The purpose of your letter, and indeed the he finds that imports threaten national minded private citizens, and to all · aims of your committee, encourage me to security. I have confidence in Presi- friends of the Information Services. ·reply enthusiastically. l have found the 8374 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - - HOUSE June 15 United- States information. program of in• the conduct of foreign policy. As the Prest~ we must recognize that concern for security valuabAe assistance to the United States mis• dent has. emphasized, our relationship with or material well-being are not the only or sion to Germany. our allies is increasingly one of partnership. necessarily controlling factors. It is still "Wherever communication media exist, the No partnership can endure without full true that 'man does not live by bread alone.' air is likely to be charged with opinions, understanding and sympathy among the We must meet and defeat the ideological sometimes clearly , labeled, sometimes ex­ partners, and USIS, through its libraries, appeal of communism on its own ground, pressed as fact. Through it all, however, its press service, its radio programs, its ex­ that is, with a better and finer appeal to people must carefully pick their way to find hibits, its concerts and lectures, its motion the minds and hearts of men, We must op­ the truth. The United States information pictures, and its innumerable day-to-day pose the false faith of international commu­ program, I believe, makes their job easier. man-to-man contacts, bas contributed im­ nism with the true faith, based on that re­ The United States role in world affairs is mensely to that understanding. In the four spect for human rights and the freedom of better understood abroad if the truth, as posts where I have served as Chief of Mis­ the individual which ls at the basis of our well as our policies which depend upon it, is sion I have tried to utilize USIS to the democratic society. widely known. fullest, and I should have felt sadily hand­ "It is thus essential that our message be "A major objective of bur information pro­ icapped without it. brought to all the world, and in this ·task gram abroad is to counter the persistent "I am "glad also to report my observation the United States Information Agency is our efforts of the Communists to weaken confi­ that USIS is each year responding more principal instrument. To the . extent that dence in American leadership and to distort effectively to the requirements placed on it the American people understand and sup­ and defame the aims and policies of our as an instrument of our foreign policy; this port the vital nature of this task, its success country. Facts concerning the _stren~th, in spite of hard times due to insufficient will be-assured." . · unity, and determination of the free world · public confidence and underestimation of Fletcher Warren, American Ambassador, also bring hope for the future to mililoris of its achievements. Caracas, Venezuela: "During· my 33-year people. Such a program · demands public ·"I wish your committee every success in career with our Foreign Service, I have ob­ support in America, for its content is not its campaign to assure a truly effective over• served "throughout the world great and con­ simply governmental, in essence, but Ameri· seas-information program." stant need for strong moral leadership. I can in the generic sense of the word," Arthur Gardner, American Ambassador, believe that no other nation has so great Clare Boothe Luce~ American Ambasi:;ador ,' Habana, CUba: a responsibility to furnish that leapership Rome, Italy: "Viewed in action overseas, the informa. as the United States. Our capacity to act "I most heartily agree with you and with tional and cultural work performed by the morally and with determination is a de­ the distinguished members of your commit­ United Paris, France: up their minds, that the United States ing the United States information program "In France I have found an increasing star:ds for peace, freedom, progress, and the overseas." · thirst for information about the . United dignity of man. States across the widest possible range of so­ "Every dollar that goes into this campaign ciety. This interest in the American way of is well spent. The USIA is a highly spe­ life, in our policies and our actions, is re­ cialized organization manned by capable flected in the many .questions asked by professionals. It should not be crippled by The President's Emergency Fund and the French men and women and ·in a constant unjustified criticism or insufficient funds. 1956 Olympic Games stream of letters to the Embassy. It is in It should. be given every encouragement and large part due, I believe, to the predominant the proper tools to do its job." role the United States has increasingly played Sheldon T. Mills, American Amb1:1.ssador, EXTENSION OF REMARKS in world affairs and also to the realization . Quito, _Ecuador: "During ~y recent tours of OF here . that United States actions, both " at duty abroad, ! 'have· been increasingly made home and abroad, have a correspondingly aware bf the importance of the United States HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR. greater importance to France. . overseas informatton program which func­ OF NEW JERSEY "Our USIS libraries, our film showings, and tions as an adjunct to our foreign policy. .our exhibits in France are hardly ·able . to "I feel that even ~he best and strongest IN 'fHE HOU:SE O_F REP~SENTATIVES meet the· great demand for information foreign policy is likely to be limited in its .Wednesday; June 15, 1955 about the United States. Interest runs high effectiveness if the peoples l'l,t home and in · not only in the political field but also in such · the rest of the world are not informed con­ Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr. diverse activities as American agriculture, cerning it. Speaker, in the American ~gion maga­ industrial development, our educational "It is axiomatic that we who are engaged zine for June, 1955, Arthur Daley has an system, and the conservation and use of our in a struggle· to determine whether democ­ important article entitled "Wi11 the natural resources. racy or communism will rule men's minds "Since the key to our foreign policy lies have the duty to present the truth and Soviet Union Sweep the Olympics." He in united effort with our friends throughout soundness of our way of life to men of all writes that- · the free world, I believe it essential that we nations." The Russians will knock the ears off the maintain an adequate overseas information Avra M. Warren, American Ambassador, Americans in the 1956 Olympic games at Mel­ program to keep these foreign friends fully Ankara. Turkey: "A decade has now passed bourne, Australia, next year. It isn't a pretty informed of our purposes and of our achieve­ since the guns of the Second World War fact but it's virtually an inescapable one. men ts." fell silent. How well we all remember the The worst of it is that we can't borrow the · L. Corrin Strong, American Ambassador, feeling of hopefulness· for the future that light-hearted English approach and give it Oslo, Norway: then prevailed; a universal, hope of peace the jolly-well-done-old-boy treatment. The "The United States is trying to be a good and good will. Yet in the 10 short years Red brothers will scream to the world that neighbor in a modern world. Our good in­ that have since elapsed we have seen the this is merely one more proof of how de­ tentions, however, sometimes are suspected transition to a· world of disillusionment and· cadent the capitalistic system really is• . by those who incorrectly fear that we have frequently of despair. hidden motives. Americans who are in "W~at is the reason for. this tragic devel• · Mr.Daley points out that unsparing of Europe-and I am one of them-cannot but opment? · No doubt there are many con­ time, money, or effort, the Russians have be aware that even among people who are tributin·g factors, all of which wm be duly been improving phenomenally in all basically friendly to us there exists fears listed and identified by the historians of the . forms of athletics as part of a concerted of United States power, criticism of United future. Yet, when the definitive history of drive · to capture a new but irresistible States practices. Much of it is based on this era is finally written, I am convinced propaganda medium-sports. Mean­ misconception. The United States Over­ that one thing wlll be singled out as pri­ seas Information . Program . is doing much marily responsible for the sorry pass in while, America marks time, either un­ and can do much more in helping to improve which the world now finds itself-and that aware of the danger to our traditional an understanding of our common interests is the. success with which· the Kremlin has worldwide supremacy in athletics or in­ ,with our European neighbors and thus · to spread the Communist gospel throughout different to it. obtain fl.rm working partners in the family almost all the world. This is the insidious Athletics in the United States, says Mr. of free nations." force, the false faith, which has penetrated Daley, are a haphazard affair. The Cavendish W. Cannon, American Ambas• among great masses of people in many lands Government has nothing whatsoever to sador, Athens, Greece: and it, far more thap the use or threat of "I would have thought that the time military force, has made possible the advance do with sports in any capacity. Our was past · when it was necessary to explain .of communism up to now. Olympic team consists of volunteers. and defend the overseas-information pro. "Surely it must now. be evident that the Our Olympic committee consists of a ,gram. In the years since the war ended basic struggle is one of ideas. It is a fight gi:oup of volunteer . a:Q:1ateurs. Our it has become an essential instrument. in tor the minds and hearts · of men; in which Olympic ·financing comes from volunteer· 1955 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD ·- ,HOUSE 8375 contributions and it is usually a -frantic it was announced· that the United States armed strength should be widened into a scramble to get enough funds to send a would exhibit, the Lyons International Fair, more flexible and· imaginative strategy for team to the Olympics, Tbe athletes, and the Milan Sample Fair in April. of this competitive coexistence with Communism in year, the Paris International_ Fair and the _every field and on every front." He went on naturally enough, get free trips. . So do Tokyo International Fair in May, and the Ca­ to draw on , some of his own observations coaches and managers of each tea~. nadian International Trade Fair in Toronto saying, "While I was in Moscow I gained the But all the other Olympic officials, the this month. impression· that communism was moving greatly ·maligned badge-wearers or Under the program made possible during ahead in many fields which the present west­ badgers pay their own way. the current year by the President's $5 million ern strategy overlooks. • • • By inviting to · Duri:".lg the past quarter century, emergency fund, the United States will have Moscow picked delegations from the .satellite Ave,ry Brundage, of Chicago, has been all been represented at 15 fairs by July 1, 1955. countries and wavering neutrals like India These fairs have given us opportunity to they strive to convey the impression that over the world many times as president refute Communist sneers at the myth of the Soviet customs are superior to those of the of the United States Olympic Com­ American way of life. The Frankfurt Fair, Wed.• • • (Therefore) we should seek to mittee and later as president of the March 6-10, is a good example. Comment­ convey to the world-to our allies, to the International Olympic Committee. He ing, a Frankfurt English-language newspaper uncommitted countries especially, and to the has never asked for one thin dime for said • • • "the exhibition marked the first Russians if ·possible-the idea that America expenses although these jaunts probably time that Uncle Sam has actually raised his is not only proud of its motor cars, its bath­ have cost him upward of a quarter mil­ window shades in Europe in an attempt to tubs, and other material benefits, but also of iion dollars. dispel myths and give substantial facts about its cultural achievements." · The legislation· how Americans live." under - consideration here today would do: The Subcommittee on State, Justice, At Frankfurt, United States producers much in the future to convince other peo­ Judiciary, and related agencies of the displayed over 300 products commonly used ples of our interest in cultural affairs as it Committee on Appropriations of the in the average American home. The exhibit has done in the past. House of Representatives is considering, entitled, "America -at Home," featured a Under the . President's program, policies among other things, an appropriation to completely furni1?hed full-scale five-room and procedures for the United States cultural cqntinue the President's Emergency modern American home 'Yith actors imper­ offensive are now fully established and in sonating an American family. Brand names active operation. As of May 19, I am in­ Fund. that are household words in the United formed, 23 projects are underway. I do not Some of the best salesmen for the States were displayed • • • Dupont, Gen­ propose to discuss each of these projects in United States way of life have been· eral Electric, Singer Sewing Machine, Con­ detail, but will touch upon several by way of American athletes sent abroad by the goleum-Nairn, Revere Ware, and a host of illustration. · Amateur Athletic Union in cooperation others. Over 65 firms exhibited. The prod­ Those of you who have listened to the NBC with the State Department under the ucts told a significant stbry of a nation's Symphony of the Air will not be surprised President's Emergency Fund. economy dedicated to production for peace at the success of its present tour of the Far Among them are two great Negro and abundance. Over 70,000 visitors saw that East. At its stop in Manila, the Filipino exhibit. newspaper, Sunday Chronicle, made mention track stars, Mal Whitfield and Harrison The Trade Information Center, manned by of the Communist charge that the tour was Dillard, both two-time Olympic cham­ United States industry specialists and De­ a propaganda move. Said the writer: "If pions, who got· tumultuous receptions in partment of Commerce representatives, gave this is EO, then we can afford to have more tours of Africa and South America. over 275 personal interviews and answered of it • • • this is propaganda we would go· Olympic diving champion, Maj. inquiries by the thousands. Inquiries came out of our way to welcome • • • it is propa­ Sammy Lee, an Army doctor of Korean in so fast that three receptionists were un­ ganda that will really sell the United States parentage, was similarly hailed when he able to.. take care of them. anywhere, be it EUrope or Asia." The major responsibility for the ex'hibits The orchestra's 21-day stop in. Japan was performed ·in the land ·Of his ancestors. in these fairs rests, of course, upon the ex­ a smash hit. The New York Times quotes a Still another good-will athlete is the Rev. hibitors. The United States Government review in the -English language edition of Robert Richards, the preacher who won contribution is only "seed'' money. :eut Osaka Mainichi: "A~ the symphony was the Olympic pole valut tiUe in 1952. without that enco~ragement the participa­ brought to -the grande -finale, the-crowd who The President's Emergency Fund tion of American business would be uncer­ sat in an ecstasy of tonal splendor, knew no would be of great assistance, I am con­ tain. And, in this cold war, we cannot afford end of jQlly." vinced, in American participation in the uncertainties. A "Salute" to Fran<,e is one of the big 1956 Olympics. I include here my testi­ No less significaµt have been the results projects under way this year. under this pro­ achieved under the cultural presentation pro­ gram. The chief financial burden· has been mony before the Appropriations Subcom-. gram and for this, too, the President's Emer­ assumed by private sponsors but the "seed" mittee in support of the Fund, gency Fund provides the "seed" money. It money from the fund is extending its scope STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE FRANK THOMP- does not pay all expenses, but it assures throughou'; Europe and the Near East. The SON, JR., BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON American artists going overseas against too Salute now under way includes both music STATE, JUSTICE, JUDICIARY, AND RELATED heavy losses. and the drama as well as paintings. AGENCIES OF THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON AP­ That Americans are uncultured, crass, ma­ The Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra, PROPRIATIONS IN SUPPORT OF THE PRESIDENT'S terial-minded barbarians is a favorite Com­ conducted by Eugene Ormandy, opened the EMERGENCY FUND, JUNE 14, 1955 munist propaganda line. On the other hand, festival on May 19. Reviews in the French . Mr. Chairman and members of the sub­ they try to present themselves as devoted to press used such expressions as "great music committee, with funds supplied by the Pres­ the arts, to the better things of life,' For making," "exquisite," iridescent," "ravish­ ident's Emergency Fund, the United States years troupes of artists from the U. S. S. R., ing." is fighting the cold war on two new fronts. and more recently from Communist China, Last week, the New York City Ballet fol­ Both are important. And on both the Com­ have been sent abroad by their Governments lowed upon the orchestra's heels. Still to munists have a head start on us. to make friends and influence people for come on the Salute schedule is Okla­ The head start, however, need not dis­ communism. That the Russian ballet, ad­ homa!, and later, in conjunction with a courage us. These are both fields in which mittedly among the best in the world, has its Dramatic Arts Festival, performances of the United States has no need to worry if we roots in Czarist Russia is ignored. The ballet Medea and the The Skin of Our Teeth. exert ourselves. The only danger is that we i!3 communist, they say. It is a potent argu­ The 9 weeks' tour of the Balkans and Medi­ m"ay let victory go to the Communists by ment for the Marxian line. Music, art, terranean area of Porgy and Bess has been default. sports-all are grist for the Communist mills. another cultural triumph for the United Let us take a look at the facts. In the They exploit their artists and sportsmen as States. On the opening night in Zagreb, the 5 years prior to 1955, the Soviet bloc ex­ they exploit. everything else, and they have company received 14 curtain calls, and on hibited at 122 trade fairs at which the United been doing it_· effectively, make no mistake closing night there was a half-hour ovation: States was not represented. Their first about that. Not only in Yugoslavia, but elsewhere, this shock was at Damascus last year where they These statements are borne out by no less was, for many people, the first time they had had a $500,000 exhibition. . Awakening in 8: personality than William Randolph Hearst, seen Negroes. Having heard so much Com­ time to what was J:iappenirig, the United Jr., editor-in-chief of the Hearst newspapers. munist propaganda, they were astounded to States was a last-minute entry, presenting During his re·cent ·visit to Soviet Russia Mr. learn that most of the cast are college gradu• as one of its official exhibits the film· Cine­ Hearst had ample opportunity to observe the ates. These a.re not the Negroes of Commu­ rama. The picture was the hit of the fair. steI?s being taken by the Communists to gain nist propaganda. Each individual member It stole the entire show. The Communists support for their ideology in fields other than of the cast has been an ambassador for protested violently, and when they heard the the military. As· a result, he came back to this country. Plied everywhere with ques­ United States was planning a repeat per­ the United States determined that the United tions, they are handling the situation with formance at Bangkok t~ey withdrew entb;ely. State's should not be caught off base in this a dignity and intelligence of which every They couldn't take the competition. particular phase of the struggle. · In a speech American can be proud. · Since that date the, U. S. S. R. has with­ before the National Press Club 'he pointed In the sports field, the program includes draw~ from at least_five other fairs ih which out that "the western program 'for building tours by ~tars in· the Pan-America11: games, 8376 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE . June 15 Three such teams have already gone out. ican public to wonder whether or not Gas Act, · two references were made to Their success has been on the level of those the present administration knows what his desire to protect the consumers of I have just listed. it is doing. natural gas. In Mr. HARRIS' press re­ All of the pro.jects undertaken in this pro­ gram have been planned with the specific in­ . I have been very much interested in lease of June 9, 1955, when he intro­ terests in mind of the areas to which the the effects of the Yalta agreement, and duced a resolution to investigate the traveling artists and athletes are sent. The as an American of Polish descent, I have price of . natural gas to consumers, he projects, handled in this country by the State been particularly interested in how it again-referred in several instances to his Department, are publicized overseas by ·the affected Poland. You will recall that desire to protect the consumers' interest. United States Information Agency. In all the Yalta papers clearly showed that With this objective I wholeheartedly cases, the events are being used by all agency President Roosevelt insisted on free and · agree. · posts in the various countries as the nucleus unfettered elections · in Poland and in of a public information campaign to create I wa~ a. member of the Committee on recognition and appreciation of the cultu­ other satellite countries. I hope that Interstate and Foreign Commerce when ral achievements of ·the United States. those who have urged that the Yalta the Natural Gas Act was, passed in 1938. - In my own opinion, trade fairs and cul­ agreement be repealed now change their This act was passed principally to pro­ tural activities are areas of the cold war tunes, as Secretary Dulles has, and real­ tect the consumer, as we considered this which the United States cannot neglect. ize that this agreement is the only means a matter of great public interest, and so And, as I have said, both are fields in which available at the present time to bring stated in section I of the Natural Gas we can have full confidence of success. It about such free elections. 1: am sure is only a question of taking advantage of the Act. opportunities afforded us. that they will agree with me that if the In the present 84th Congress the House Communist goods exhibited at trade fairs people of Poland and other satellite Interstate and Foreign Commerce Com­ have often been of inferior quality-but how. countries were given the opportunity as mittee, of which I am a member, has are other peoples to know that if there are provided in the Yalta agreement, they held hearings almost continuously since no United States exhibits to make the con­ would quickly elect their own officials March 22, 1955, and the record alone of trast clear? In the absence of first-rate and get the democratic republic they so these hearings comes to 1,930 pages. In Western participation, t he Communists have deeply desire. been winning by default. spite of the length and comprehensive­ In the cultural field it is, again, only a ness of these hearings, Congress does not question of giving these other peoples an yet have all of the facts and information· opportunity to see, listen, and judge. Here, on the basis of which it can proceed with again, we have the goods. The best rebuttal If We Are To Have an Investigation of needed remedial legislation. Congress­ of Communist charges is to produce them. Cost of Natural Gas to Consumers Then man HARRIS himself, who introduced a In closing, may I refer once more to Mr. bill, H. R. 6645, ordered reported by a Hearst. In the speech from which I qu<;>ted Let. us .Ha~e a Full Investigation of All earlier he spoke words of great import to all committee vote of 16 to 15, stated last of us here today: "One side or the other is Phases of the Natural Gas Industry Af- week "that before this situation is going to win the battle_ of co~xistence. It - feeling Price of Natural Gas to Con­ cleared UpJn the interests of the indus- had better be our side. Everyone and every­ . try as well as the consumer, other factors thing we iove and cherish is at stake." sumers are going to have to be considered." I urge the committee to support these tre­ Congressman HARRIS also stated that "in mendously important activities and to grant the funds necessary to carry on and expand EXTENSION OF REMARKS the interest of the consumer there must them during the coming fiscal year. OF be Federal regulation of prices which the consume·r would pay; of not only future HON. CHARLES· A. WOLVERTON contracts but existing contracts between OF NEW JERSEY pipelines and producers." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES With all these conclusions I agree. Apparent Change in Administration's However, the resolution which Mr. HAR­ Attitude Toward Yalta Agreement Wednesday, June 15, 1955 RIS introduced on June 9, House Resolu­ Mr. WOLVERTON. Mr. -Speaker, I tion 267, provides for an investigation to EXTENSION OF REMARKS l:ave today introduced a resolution to be made by the Committee on Inter­ OF supplement the resolution recently intro­ state-and Foreign Commerce only of in­ duced by the gentleman from Arkansas tercorporate controls of natural gas HON. JOHN LESINSKI~ JR. [Mr. HARRIS], to authorize the Commit­ pipeline companies and natural gas dis­ OF MICHIGAN tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce tributing companies and it provides only IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to investigate certain matters related to for the investigation of the transporta­ the transportation and distribution of . tion and distribution of natural gas. Wednesday, June 15, 1955 natural gas as affecting the price thereof Singularly, the production of natural gas Mr. LESINSKI. Mr. Speaker, when to consumers. has been omitted. I am in full sym­ the Yalta papers were released in March, I am in favor of the resolution intro­ pathy with the objectives of Congress­ we heard the cries of our Republican duced by the gentleman from Arkansas man HARRIS' resolution but believe that colleagues that at last proof was avail­ [Mr. HARRIS], as far as it goes, but un­ it is vitally important that the terms of able to show that President Roosevelt fortunately it does· not go far enough. this investigation be broadened in scope had sold out to the Russians at Yalta. At The best interests of consumers requires to include production as well as trans­ that time I commented that such claims that in addi~ion to an investigation of portation and distribution. In short, it ,were only a smokescreen to hide the the transportation and distribution of is for that reason that I am today in­ inability of the Republican Party to give natural gas, as elements in the cost to troducing a special resolution which the American people positive domestic the consumers there must be an investi- · would authorize and direct the House and foreign-policy programs. I am glad gation also of production costs. With­ Committee on Interstate and Foreign to see that the Republicans are now out this there would not be a complete Commerce to investigate the cost of pro­ agreeing with me because, according to picture of the entire matter. Because duction and transportation in interstate press reports last week, their chief for­ of the failure to include this important commerce and distribution of natural eign-policy maker, Mr. Dulles, appar­ element of cost in the Harris resolution, gas to the consumers of America. In ently feels that the Yalta agreement is I have introduced a resolution similar other words, practically all that I have not as bad as they originally wanted the to it except that there is added to it done is to add to Mr. HARRIS' resolution, public to think and is going to insist authority to investigate the subject of investigation of the production segment that the Russians live up to it. At least production as well as transportation and of the natural gas industry. In addi­ we can say that the Republican Party distribution of natural gas. I have also tion to this, I also thought it well to in­ is following its firm policy of not hav­ added authority and direction to the clude a special section calling upon the ing any policy at all because this latest Federal Power Commission to give its as­ services of the Federal Power Commis­ statement once again is a contradiction sistance to the investigation by supply­ sion to aid and assist our committee in of earlier ones. These turnabouts of ing factual data to the committee. getting at the facts. which this is only one must confuse not In the press release of March 2, 1955, This is a matter which has been be­ only the members of the Republican when my colleague, Mr. HARRIS, intro­ fore the Congress for a number of years; Party but must also cause the Amer- duced H.·R. 4560, to amend the Natural in fact, the same issue has been before 1955 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-· HOUSE 8377, the courts and Congress since 1947, cul­ special risks ~nd cir-eumstances; of inde- · gress will be in-the possession of the facts minating in the now - famous ·Phillips pendent natural-gas-producers and gat11erers, concerning producer ownership and con­ Petroleum Co. decision· of the United My confidence in this outcopie is support- , ed by the fact that, until recently, the .Com­ trol and producer costs will be through States Supreme Court announced:.June mission has not found it necessary to under­ proceedings with the investigation along 7, · 1954. The Congress will -remember take to regulate the prices charged by inde­ th.e lines indicated.by my resolution. that this sam·e subject matter .was be­ pendent gas producers and gatherers, al­ Summarizing my statement, Mr. fore them in H. R. 1758, also introduced though those prices have been advancing. It Speaker, I feel exactly like President by my colleague, Congressman HARRIS. is only natural that pr.ices have risen, since Truman when he. stated, in his veto This bin, you-will remember, was ap­ the interstate· lines built during and since message: proved by 4 votes in the Senate and 2 the war have offered a far wider market than existed previously and have result,ed in more To withdraw entirely from this field of votes in the House of Representatives competition among buyers. This process of regulation, however, impelled only by imag­ and was later vetoed· by Preside1;1t· Tru.,. price adjustment will probably continue, inary fears, and i~ the fact of a record of man on April 15., 1950. President Tru­ and it is right that it should if held within accomplishment under the present law which man so well summarized this entire mat­ reasonable limits. is successful from the standpoint of con­ ter that I feel it appropriate at this time Accordingly, producers and gatherers are sumer, distributor, carrier, and producer to ask for a complete insertfon of his finding, and I am sure will continue to find, alike, would not be in _the public interest. veto message as part of my remarks. at strong incentives to search out new sources this point: of natural gas and to sell their gas in inter­ state commerce. I believe the production PRESIDENT VETOES BILL -To EXEMPT GAs PRo­ and sale of-natural gas will continue to grow Address by Representative James C. Mur­ DUqERS AND GATH_ERERS FROM :f'PC REGU- rapidly, to the benefit of consumers and of LATION _ _ all the -businessmen concerned with serv­ ray, Third District of Illinois, Before a To the House of Re.prese?t~atives: , , . Jng them. I see no d~nger to that growth Group of Latvians and Americans of I . return herewith, without my approval, in the continuance of the authority of the H. R. 1758, a bill to amend .the Natural Gas _Federal Power· Commission to regulate sales · Latvian ~escent at Austin Town Hall in Act approved June 21, ·1938, as amend~d. of gas to interstate pipelines; This bill would preclude the Federal Power The continuance of that authority will _. Ch~cago, Ill., Saturday, June 11, 1955 Commission from regq.lating sales of natural adequately protect the public interest by gas to interstate pipeline companies,. for re­ permitting the Commission to prevent un­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS sale in interstate commerce, by produeers reasonable and excessive prices, which would and gatherers· who are not affiliated with the give iarge windfall profits to gas producers, OF buyers. After careful analysis and full con­ at the expense of consumers, with no bene­ sideration, I believe that such an action fit to the Nation in terms of additional ex­ HON. T. JAMES TUMULTY would not be in the national interest. ·p1oration and production. Such cases are OF NEW JERSEY I believe that authority :to regulate such few, if any, at the present time, but the au­ IN THE HOUSE OF R~RESENTATIVES sales is necessary in the .public interest be­ thority to deal with them in the future cause of the inherent characteristics of the clearly should not be dissipated, Wednesday, June 15, 1955 process of moving gas from field to the con­ Experience may demonstrate that some Mr. TUMULTY. Mr. Speaker, under sumer.· Unlike -purchasers of coal and oil, impro.vement of the existing statute may be -leave to extend·my remarks in the REC• purchasers fire of personal political with free elections supervised by a world ators who reproduce our music for profit. llberty burned brightly. committee of the United Nations Assembly. The other phase of this ,question is the I need not recite the many battles that This should be the first test of their sincerity. Latvia has fought for freedom since early If you will raise these questions you will earn palpable injustices that beset the music history; her trials and struggles after the the gratitude of these and other peoples. I industry, and particularly those which revolutions of 1905 and 1917; her final pledge you my earnest support in these en­ are daily visited upon the American com­ achievement of freedom on January 26, deavors." posers of popular music. This may well 1921; nor the foul aggression of Communist Believing in liberty as I do, detesting com­ be at the root of the deterioration of Ru::sia which in 1940 seized upon her at a munism in its entirety, distrustful of its artistic programing. It certainly is re­ time of international melancholy, once more every motive and pledge, I could do no less. sponsible to a great extent for the decline .to load her down with servitude and chains. I hope my suggestions will be accepted, con­ Thank heaven that our Presidents Roose­ ditions raised, and communism put to the in the quality and appeal of current pop­ VGlt, Truman, and Eisenhower have always test of its sincerity. ular music and when one contemplates signified to the entire world that this coun­ At the same time that we demand of the shabby way songwriters are treated try will never acquiesce in this treacherous communism conditions of sincerity on its these days, one can better understand a~gression. part, we ought to give a demonstration of the lack of popular response to current I deeply, personally regret that undue s::1cerity on our part. We can do this by offerings. hopes have been built by talk of liberation immediately passing legislation to eliminate Merit, not favoritism, should determine or other slogans. ·the ghastly immigration restrictions that This is not the way to liberty, not when have been placed against countries like the presentation of composers' offer­ we are unprepared and lack the plans and Latvia., Lithuania, Poland, Estonia; and ings. Justice and equity, not overreach­ :firmness. Anyone who has read the reports second, by passing at once legislation that ing monopolistic practices and rank dis­ of the House Select Committee on Commu­ will make the Refugee Relief Act an act to criminations, should rule. To the con­ nist Aggression, 83d Congress, knows well the admit refugees instead of raising up legalis­ trary, abuses become more entrenched full depths of Communist treachery and the tic bars against them. every day and seem to multiply. A glar­ assault upon ·your free people. I am not The President was absolutely right in de­ ing example of the injustice I refer to is here to open up old wounds or to rais~ up manding a revision of the Refugee Act, and false hopes by slogans or unjustified prom­ I will support its revision. I wish he had provided by the experience of the great ises. gone further and demanded that the in­ Leroy Anderson, one of America's out­ This I say: The Democratic administra­ human restrictions of the immigration laws standing popular composers, the author, tions met communism and stopped it in its against your free peoples be removed. We among other notable hits, of Blue Tango. tracks in Greece," in Turkey, in Germany, in ought to give Russia a one-two punch: first, On that song alone the companies are Korea. Our own great Democratic Senator by revising our Refugee Act, and, second, authoritatively said to have reaped a PAUL DOUGLAS last year proposed to carry the by putting conditions of sincerity to her at cold war to the fear-ridden, tottering, and the Summit Conference. · gross of $12 million, but the sad, stark uncertain satellites. His bills, all six of Liberty never sleeps. We who believe in fact, as reported,. is that of this huge them, were stronger pressure than the De­ liberty must never rest or sleep while in sum, Mr. Anderson did not get one cent, partment of State would permit. I was for great nations and among good peoples it although if he had not composed it, it 'those bills then; I am for them now. is held in chains. The day will come when would not have been possible for others Uncertainty, suspicion, defection, despair tyranny will find itself defied at every hand to realize gigantic profits for themselves ·stalk the Communist regimes everywhere; as it has been in your great country. and their companies. I hope we will work with foresight and cour­ I close with this humble thought~let us age to increase those tensions and to under­ keep faith with ·liberty forever. ·That is a fact that is not apparently mine those tyrannies. Thanlc you. appreciated by the monopolists and ma­ I have one thought that I would bring to nipulators in the music industry. Such you, my friends, on this sad but determined a situation outrages the public con­ memorial day; there never was a midnight science. The deterioration in the quality so deep, a night so black, it was not followed of popular songs because of dictatorial by the· dawn. Already we find heartening Music Industry Should Act and cheerful evidence that_ communism is control is in time bound to diminish and wracked and torn in depth by internal fears EXTENSION OF REMARKS greatly reduce the income of this entire and failures and stress.es. Beria is liqui­ OF industry. if those directing its destiny dated; Malenkov is drencped with deep dis­ HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN -would only stop to realize this fact, they grace; Kruschev goes hat in hand to Tito would speedily move to effect arrange­ and gets a cool reception. · OF M~SSACHUSETTS ments whereby composers, writers, and The Marshall plan successes rebuild Europe .IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES publishers would be given their just and NATO, another Democratic program, builds strength and arms and a strong wall Wednesday, June 15, 1955 share of the huge profits that are gleaned against communism. The economic and po­ Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask by the music industry and its affiliates. litical successes of the West undermine the unanimous consent to revise and extend I am also including in my remarks an !altering political futilities of the East. my remarks and -include· therein an ex­ article from the Rochester Democrat and One day your country and other countries cerpt of an article by the able columnist, Chronicle which is my authority for the will be free. Latvia will be free. Lithuania Harriet Van Horne, on the question of ·above statement that from a gross of $12 free. Poland will be free. Estonia free. And million income on one song hit the com­ so will the other nations that now are held current popular music. in communistic chains. For freedom is the In the light of what is happening in poser, Mr. Leroy Anderson, did. not re­ power that knows no peer, stronger even than the music industry, this article sums up ceive a penny from its reproduction for the atom, it has no half-life-its half-life the situation so succinctly and wisely profit. lives forever. Even now the daylight breaks. that I believe every Member of the Con­ - As I have pointed out before, I am very We read retreat and hysteria in commu­ gress should carefully read it. friendly disposed toward the great music nistic diplomacy. I believe the moment is industry. I am eager to see it prosper almost here when at "the summit confer­ - These condit!ons cannot be corrected ence" we may strike our strongest blows at until real art shall infuse, motivate, and and grow in every legitimate way. But chains and brighten hope of freedom every­ direct all important radio and television in view of many evidences of gross ·where. With this thought in mind I have programs, the stage and the theater and abuses, flagrant injustices, ruthless addressed the following plea to the President. the music business. methods, and monopolistic patterns, I Here is the text of my telegram: Of course, the Congress obviously am again urging its leadership to clean "DEAR MR. PRESIDENT. Believing in ulti­ should not dictate to entrepreneurs and house and banish these unjust practices mate freedom as you do, I urge you to raise exhibitors the type of program that they of its own motion before the Congress immediately at the summit conference, if is constrained to apply drastic remedies held, the question of freedom in Latvia, shall present, because that would involve Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, and other en­ interference with individual rights and that may occasion more or less rigid con~ slaved countries. The Soviet treachery also assume broad censorial powers trol of activities that are violative of good against the Baltic Republics in 1940 is which Congress does not possess. How­ conscience and equity, and contrary to equalled only by Communist treacheries ever, over a period of time unquestion­ public interest. against other free peoples since World War ably such programs as are in bad taste The articles follow: .II. I urge and beg that you approach this conference with firmness and determination or reflect inadequate standards will be­ WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO POPULAR SONGS? and that you raise at once the question of come offensive to larger numbers of the (By Harriet Van Horne) !reedom in these countries, free elections, American people and the situation must Granted, the old order must constantly and make this th.e test of Soviet sincerity. be viewed with the hope that speedy change. But extend that word "change" to Let communism match its professions of corrective measures will be applied vol- denote corruption and decay and you have 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE 8379 the key to what is happening to one of the Blue Tango grossed more than $12 million, -program can easily result. The avoid­ loveliest tokens of the old order-namely, of which he received nothing. ance of such mistakes calls for the most .the popular song. The reason for this strange situation goes careful planning and thorough consider­ Were I a wandering minstrel in the bound­ back to the copyright law of 1909, which spe­ less spheres of radio and television, I'd make cifically exempted coin operated machines .ation by every civil defense official re­ it a point of honor to sing the old songs. from the pr.ovisions requiring payment of .gardless of his rank and regardless of Tl1 e gay and gentle songs with their true performance fees to composers. This was for whether he is a paid official or a volun­ melodic lines, their modest, thoughtful the benefit of the penny arcade machines of .teer. lyrics, their haunting grace. that period. No one foresaw the rise of the There is little question in my mind, I'd avoid-in the same fastidious way I'd Jukebox. Mr. Speaker, but that the nationwide avoid looking at a dog run over in the road­ In Congress Senator Pat McCarran had .civil defense alert planned for today will the wngs that have been jukebox hits in the been leader in a battle to change the copy­ p'ast few years. I mean the hillbilly laments, right law to end what he calls the special have many lessons which will be studied t h e nonsense syllables set to imbecile tunes, treatment in favor of the jukeboxes. His bill by all civil defens~ officials and which t!le lascivious lyrics sung with a leer, and for this purpose died in committee last year, will result in much helpful information. the songs that rely on special sound effects, but ASCAP (American Society of Composers, I am also convinced, Mr. Speaker, that echo chambers, and the like, for their mu­ Authors, and Publishers) is pushing for new the executive branch of our Federal Gov­ sical appeal. -action. It is· backed by many o.ther national .ernment will learn many necessary f ac- "O, play me a tune on an unbroken spinet;" .organizations, including. the American .Bar ·tors that will need further consideration rnng Tom Wolfe. And I would add, sing Association, American Patent Law Associa- to guard against any exigency. For me a song with an unbroken melody, with . tion, General Federation of Women's Clubs. a lyric tender and true. And in a voice free What an equitable agreement between the these reasons and also because of the of the rasp and snarl, the affected vibrato jukebox operators and the composers may be, €ffect it may have. on public opinion in and the low, sickroom moan, that are the we do not pretend to know. · The operators this matter, I regret that this exercise hallmarks of today's popular vocalists. insist that by paying a royalty for the pur­ was not planned to include Members of A musician of my acquaintance tells me chase of the records, they have done their Congress and their staffs. Many news­ that the blame for today's miserable and duty to the composers. The latter retort papers throughout the Nation have com­ ugly songs can be laid directly at the door that other musical enterprises, such as mented on this phase ·editorially. I am of the record companies. It is they who broadcasters and other commercial users of recordsJ pay a perf9rmance fee in addition to sure they did not do so facetiously, but select the songs to be recorded. And it is only because they also are concerned over · they who decide the artist who will make the royalty. the recording and the · style in which he Like other giants that have sprouted from these problems and are concerned in the shall do it. The prime considerati.on in all small beginnings, the jukebox business has public interest. these decisions 'is: Will the kids. like it? reached the point where some sort of sensible The Cincinnati Enquirer published an "The great bulk of records," he explained, agreement, preferably by free acj;ion of the · excellent editorial on this subject and "is bought by youngsters between 13 and 18. parties concerned, ought to be made. pointed out also the question that is They keep the record companies solvent. uppermost in the minds of every Ameri­ And today's kids, for some reason, hate senti­ can-that our greatest effort is to have ment. They want to hear new sounds. They peace in the world and do this with honor like their music lusty. Tasteful singers-­ Civil Def ense-AII But Congress Dinah Shore, for example-are too good, too and credit to our great Nation. I ask refined for them. So Dinah never has a hit unanimous consent to include this edi­ record any more." EXTENSION OF REMARKS torial as part of my remarks. it isn't bad enough that singers of talent OF It is my constant hope and prayer, Mr. must bow to the low taste of the hour and Speaker, that all of us will be granted sing Tweedledee and Dance With Me, Henry. HON. PAUL F. SCHENCK divine guidance so that we cari meet the ·· Now there's a new form of desecration. I OF OHIO great responsibilities and challenges we first became aware of it when I heard Miss IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES face with credit and honor to our Nation. Kay Starr bleating, No ma-yan is an is­ . laaaand • • • and recognized, with a cry Wednesday, June 15, 1955 The editorial follows: of pain, one of John Donne's loveliest devo- Mr. SCHENCK. Mr. Speaker, the ALL BUT CONGRESS . tions (the one that reminds us for whom On June 15 higher-ranking personnel of the Qell tolls) . added problems faced by officials and virtually all Government agencies will clear Then, a few days later I heard the same volunteer citizens interested in civil de­ out of Washington and disperse to their war­ r strident, yodelling tones pronounce, Where fense during these times are extremely time posts. For 2 days they will continue thou goest I shall go. I felt suddenly ill. difficult and deserve the sympathetic un­ operations as. normally as possible in re­ Even the Old Testament, it seems, isn't safe derstanding of every official of Govern­ hearsal for a bombing attack on the Capital. from the spoilers and depredators of Tin ment at all levels. For 6· weeks in advance skeleton crews will Pan Alley. Some people are inclined to view all have been at these various remote stations The fact that an occasional soft and senti­ such activities and preparations as silly making preparations for the conduct of the mental song-for example, Hey, There-does public business in the simulated emergency. become a hit ought to embolden the recorlibra,ry system supplements· The real issue is whether librarians should to have been their guest on this occasion. the trade papers with its own reading sys­ be permitted to put their own form of tem. "thought control" over on the American This consists of "five representative branch people. librarians, advised by ministers and other. And, whether those in high places, from· community leaders," Mr. Carrcill said. The the White House down, will take cognizance · Repayments to Treasury by TVA Running committee decides on a book's merit-or lack of this form of insidious "book-burning,'' as of them-on the basis of trade reviews, as they did so forthrightly when a · Wisconsin Ahead of Schedule-Procurement Bene­ well as one submitted by a local reader. Senator sought to remove Communist books fits Every State in the Union The committee's analysis then is sent to the from United States ·overseas propaganda li­ various branch libraries. braries. Here's what was sent out on Billions, EXTENSION OF REMARKS Blunders, and Baloney. "This book is subtitled 'The fantastic story OF of how Uncle Sam is squandering your money The Sunset Parade o.f the Marine Corps overseas.' It might be well to no<;;e that the HON. JOE L. EVINS emphasis in this statement should be on OF TENNESSEE the word 'fantastic.' If Mr. Castle had been EXTENSION OF REMARKS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a bit less fantastic and a bit more factual OF his book would have carried greater weight. Wednesday, June 15, 1955 In this sound and fury treatment he pulls no punches and is impartial in his criticism HON. T. JAMES TUMULTY Mr. EVINS. Mr. Speaker, it is never from the President down. OF NEW JERSEY possible to completely and efiectively re­ "Before deciding to buy this item, it might IN THE HOUSE OF REF'RESENTATIVES . fute false propaganda-especially whei'e be well to read the following reviews: New: it has been disseminated by experts, such York Times Book Review, February 13, page Wednesday, June 15, 1955 22; New York Herald Tribune Book Review, as the private utilities lobby. But at this February 20, page 5; Saturday Review, Feb­ Mr. TUMULTY. Mr. Speaker, recently time I want to make an effort to counter ruary 26, page 14. I had the honor of witnessing the sunset some of the effects of this propaganda "An important subject not too adroitly. parade of the Marine Corps· at the· Ma-. by pointing out a few truths regarding handled. Undoubtedly there will be calls rine Bariar.ks in Washington, D. C. It the TVA's repayments into the United for this title; in fact there have already.been was a most inspiring sight. States Treasury and the benefits W3ich 8382 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 15 are-apparent in all 48 States· from the . _TVA procurement sources, 1934-54---;Con. He was intense in his outside contacts TVA procurement program. The other and ·interested in many worthy .causes. - benefits are incalculable. 1954 Total (1934-54) His activities in the fraternal life of Bos­ Under unanimous consent, I include ton was especially noteworthy and with my remarks in the RECORD the fol­ OtheIndianar States-Continued ______fruitful. Iowa ______$719, 257 $18, 885, 996 lowing two tables which are part of the 154,212 1,454,127 His passing removes from the scene record of the hearings on the TVA ap­ Kansas ______94,085 554,499 a colorful newspaper figure, whose life LouL~iana ______958,868 8,831, 276 propriations. One is the record of TVA Maine ______264,067 479,021 and work covered a span of more than Maryland ______352,394 5,980,969 three . generations. His readers will repayments into the Treasury and the Massachusetts ______other statistics as to TVA procurement 1,731,321 38,060,756 sorely miss him. But more than that, 1,307,734 18,009,066 his aggrieved family and friends will in all 48 States; Missouri~~~!~k ______======_ 489,235 7,675,479 Montana ______1,904. 724 25,303,027 miss him for he was kindly and human­ TV A procurement sources, 1934-54 1,431 165,813 Nebraska ______20,752 480,430 a sage in a journalistic tower, pontifi­ Nevada ______823 136,461 cating the truisms and sometimes harsh New Hampshire ______1954 Total (1934--54) 142,024 1,586,722 New Jersey ______1,905,522 37,953,165 realities of Massachusetts politics and New Mexico ______4, 151 46,091 casting a warming beam of friendship New York ______10,792,256 140,027,452 North Dakota ______along the way. I extend his family my Vallzai~~t::_~------$9,913,413 $109, 393, 458 24 54,009 .Georgia ______2,012,599 Ohio ___ ------9,959,076 119, 071,865 most heartfelt· sympathy. Kentucky ______25,982,613 15,401,255 121, 538.15a OrOklahomaegon ______------___~- _ 534,273 2,782; 616 May he find in his eternal reward last­ Mississippi______9!;1,062 7,993,689 130,861 1,514,263 North Carolina ______Pennsylvania ______19,647, 931 2SS, 156, 583 ing happi!less and peace. f/'7,111 13,250, 2.11 Rhode Island ______50,289,053 335, 593, 202 165,972 1,973,808 South Carolina ______· 207,448 1,840,364 ~ f1~~;T~~:::===:======- 214,893 7,783,988 South Dakota ______Texas ______10,641 707,091 Total valley ?tates__ 79, 289,386 621, 535, 334 1,039,090 , 5,239,519 Utah ___ ------17; 399 2,804,728 l====:I======Vermont______Flag Day Address by Hon. Alexander Other States: 37,483 . 1-74, 124 Arizona ______Washington ______7,563 1,209,331 44,035 115,353 West Virginia ______' Wiley Arkansas __ ___ ------128,425 1,154,504 165, 099 3,414,226 California ______-- 646,381 9,294,073 3,953,344 58,552,668 Colorado ______137,585 1,068,353 ;~~:;_-::======56 28,937 EXTENSION OF REMARKS Connecticut______652,306 6,699, 773 Delaware ___ ------"-- 3,032,628 17,924,456 Total other States___ 67,084,221 932,951, 258 OF District of Columbia __ 49,661 2,388,155 Foreign______10,887 523,233 Florida ______827,274 6,616,527 l=====l======i HON. ALEXANDER WILEY Idaho ______407 2, 302,060 TotaL ______146,384,494 1,555,009,825 Illinois ______---- 4,846,403 92,233, 522 ______.,______,______OF WISCONSIN IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Repayment of investment in power program under provisions of the Government Corporations Appropriation Act, 1948 Wednesday, June 15, 1955 Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, yesterday it was my privilege to address a Flag Minimum repaymeots Ho of plant investment at I Actual and buc'.geted required under 1948 law end of previous year payments 1 Day celebration in Baraboo, Wis. One Fiscal year of my themes was the importance of Year ~otal period Year ITotal period Year Total peri()(\ strengthening United States prepared­ ness. 1948 ___ . ------$10, 500,000 $10, 500, 0Q0 $10, 500, 000 $10, 500, 000 I ask unanimous consent that the text 1949______2,500,000 13,000,000 $8,705, 981 $8,705,981 5,500,000 16,000,000 of my address be printed in the RECORD. 1950 ______. · ----- 2,500,000 15,500,000 8,705,981 17,411,962 5,500,000 21,500,000 There being no objection the address 1951______2,500,000 18,000,000 . 9,149,627 26,561,589 9,900,000 30,500,000 1952______2,500,000 20,500,000 9,733, 970 36,295,559 12,000,000 42,500,000 was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, 1953______2,500,000 23,000,000 12,256,316 48,551,875 15, 000, 000 57,500,000 as follows: 19~4 ______2,500,000 25,500,000 17,482,476 66,034,351 20, 000, 000 77,500,000 1955______2, 500.000 28,000,000 21. 592,868 87,627,219 1 50, 000, 000 1 127,500, 000 TRUE LOYALTY TO OUR FLAG IN THIS DYNAMIC 2 2 1956------~------2,500,000 30,500.000 2 31, 424, 781 • 119, 052, 000 59, 000, 000 2 186, 500, 000 AGE 1958 ____ ------87,059,810 1968. ------174,119,620 It is a great privilege to join with the 1978 ______--_------261,179.430 citizens of Baraboo and the surrounding area 1988 ______------._ 348, 239, 240 in this proud, patriotic observance. 1990_--- ___ ------_---- __ ---_----- _--- 365, 985, 080 ------======- --====----======------======!======------1991_ ____ ------_--- __ ---__ ---• ___ ------389,358,811 I am particularly pleased to appear here 1992 ____ ------__ ------490, 252, 655 under the auspices of. our friends in the 1993 _____ ------699, 299, 057 Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. 1994 ___ _ ------__ - --_ -- - _- ----_------863, 714, 733 1955 ____ --- __ ---___ --___ -- ___ ----_------I 1, 257, 000, 000 Their constant demonstration of their fra­ 1996 _____ ------__ --_--- __ _------2 1, 451, 400, 000 ternal creed of charity, justice, brotherly 1997 ---- __ ----_--- ___ ----__ --_------2 1, 462, 496, 000 love, and fidelity is an inspiration to us all. 1998 ____ ------____ ------21,472,346,000 Certainly, too, Elks lodges have always been model centers of American patriotism, 1 In addition to repayments under the provisions of the Government Corporations Appropriation Act, 1948, centers of fervent loyalty to the Stars and bond redemptions of $8,572,500 and other repayments of $15,059,019 were made prior to fiscal year 1948. Stripes. 2 Estimated. Today, more than ever before in our his­ tory, the beloved banner of our country holds a manifold deep meaning for us and for all Mike Hennessy pathetic. He was warmhearted and mankind. friendly and his loyalty to his personal THE SIGNIFICANCE OF OLD GLORY EXTENSION OF REMARKS friends knew no bounds. Just what does Old Glory signify to us OF A meticulous, painstaking searcher for today. news and a political analyst of great First, the Stars and Stripes symbolizes the HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN skill, vision, and ability, Mike Hennessy generations of Americans who have fought OF MASSACHUSE'ITS and died that it might wave high over the was one of the great newspapermen '. of land of the free and the -home of the brave. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our times. He was a distinguished au­ It symbolizes the men who carried the Wednesday, June 15, 1955 thor and his b9ok, written sometime ago Stars and Stripes through the bloodstained on Massachusetts' politics, is a standard snows of Valley Forge. Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Spe~ker, the pass­ The Union battalions which held firm to ing of Michael Hennessy, for so many authority. His column in the Boston it on the ridge of Gettysburg. years a truly outstanding political com­ Globe on political matters in the Bay The Rough Riders who held it high, as mentator and writer for the Boston State, New England, and, indeed, in the they stormed up San Juan Hill. Globe, deeply touched me and his Nation, was widely read. His friends The Doughboys who clutched it to them friends. were very many, his contacts widespread, as they braved the machinegun nests of the his information accurate, and his ability Argonne Forest. Mike Hennessy was in a class by him­ The Leathernecks who planted it high self. To begin with, he was a fine to draw sound conclusions almost un­ above the bloodstained slopes of Mount human being, broad, humane, and sym- canny, Suribachi. C0NGRESSI0Nk1" RECORD - HOUSE 8383 The patriots· who carried it· ashore when Our country is· in every other nation's that we are vigilant, and provided we do not they. stormed Inchon-these· are the heroes backyard whether we like it or not. What lose faith. to whom you and I are eternally indebted. happens to other nations beyond our bor­ PATRIOTISM BY DEEDS, NOT JUST WORDS - By their sacrifices they kept this Republic ders crucially affects us here in Baraboo. free and independent and indivisible. We cannot stick our heads in the ground I have stated earlier, my friends, that we should so live our lives as to prove that we HOPE FOR ENSI.iA VED ?..[;ILLIONS lil{e ostriches. We cannot evade our re­ .sponsibilities . are truly. loyal to Old Glory, to the 48 be­ . Secondly, the Stars and Stripes symbolizes Either we help lead the world to peace loved stars in a field of blue, with 13 alter• the hope of enslaved hundreds of millions. and freedom, or the Kremlin -will lead the nate red and white stripes. More than 900 million people throughout world to war and slavery. That is the only I have pointed out how every day we may the civilized world today are enslaved under alternative; that is the only choice;. symbolize our pledge of allegiance to the flag t h e greatest despotism in man's history. · which was beheld through the "rocket's red To them the red banner of the Commu­ DON' T TREAD ON US glare." nist Kremlin is the most hated symbol of Under our great President, Dwight D. To my way of thinking, the finest way to tyranny, while the red, white, and blue of Eisenhower, we are, however, amply fulfill­ prove our faithfulness to Old Glory is by our this constitutional Republic is the foremost ing oEr responsibilities. We are not shirk­ constant deeds, not simply by our occa­ symbol of freedom-of eventual liberation. ing our obligations. We are fulfilling the sional words. It is only by virtue of our very existence­ deepest meaning of the Stars and Stripes to To my way of thinking, it is inconsistent it is only by virtue of our unalterable dedi­ all mankind-a meaning of preserving the to pledge allegiance to the flag and then to cation to man's freedom everywhere-that dignity of man, a meaning of vigilance. allow our country to take actions which are hope remains undimmed behind the Iron we. are fulfilling, too, a meaning which harmful to the cause of the flag. Curtain. · was conveyed by a colonial flag in the THREE PROBLEMS OF DEFENSE SYMBOL OF OUR PREPAREDNESS war cf the revolution, a flag which showed a coiled rattlesnake. Under it was the In the few moments remaining to me I Thirdly, Old Glory today is a symbol of should like to list three of the fields which I vigilant peace. inscription: "Don't tread on me:." So, today, we say to the Kremlin, "don't think need remedying-three of the actions Today Old Glory flies in more than four and inactions which impair the well being dozen countries throughout the world at the tread on us; don't try pushing us around; and don't try r,ushing our friends around." of our Armed Forces, and in effect of our flag outer ramparts of United States defense. and our country. You can see it at Air Force bases fn,m THE SOVIET PEACE OFFENSIVE NEED FOR RESERVE BILL Morocco to Greenland, from Turkey to Oki­ Of course, we know that the Soviet Union nawa. You can see it on destroyers and is engaged on a mammoth so-called "peace One of the most critical such situations is aircraft carriers of the 7th Fleet ready off offensive" today. It is trying to keep West the present tieup· in the Congress on the the embattled coast of Formosa. Germany in a state of neutralism; it is military manpower program. You can see it· in the bases of American trying to establish so-called ''normal and It is an unfortunate-indeed, it is a shock­ ground forces-totaling more than 1 ¼ mil­ cordial'' relations with Japan. ing-fact that the crucial legislation to build lion men who are stationed thro:ughout the It is trying to build up support for its up a 2,900,000-man ready reserve by 1960 is world. phony "disarmament· proposals." snagged in the House of Representatives on They are the "minutemen" of 1955. They It is trying to convey the impression the issue of racial relations. are sentinels of peace. . . that the "leopard" is changing its spots. I earnestly hope-as the President of the By their presence abro_ad, they serve notice As for ourselves, we are prepared to con­ United States hopes-that this issue can be to the Kremlin that we will· tolerate · no fer, to negotiate, to explore all possibilities quickly resolved. I a!:k you, my friends, further aggression. They serve notice that of peace without appeasement. But we How can the Soviet· Union believe that we we will retreat no further. We will permit definitely are not building up our hopes really mean business; how can it believe that the Soviet bear to gobble up no more subject for "an awful let-down." We are not we are really. alert when it sees us tie our­ peoples. blindly assuming that the "millenium" has selves up in parliamentary knots on a crucial By our mi_litary preparedness, by our come in the East-West relations bill like .this, absolutely necessary for our mighty Strategic Air Force, and by our tre­ We remember the dismal Soviet record own survival? mend~us stockpile qf nuclear . we~pons, we But regardless of Soviet attitude, this bill, serve notice that we a_re . ready for any of doublecrossing in the past. in prese·nt or slightly revised form, will as­ emergency. · · We remember that the Reds have broken 50 out of 52 major agreements which they. sure justice for draftee and volunteer. It We tell the Kremlin in effect that we de­ will assure justice for our reservists (who spise war, but that we are prepared for war have made with the West since the recog­ too often hav.e been shabbily and arbitrarily because we despise slavery even more than nition of Russia 22 years ago. · . treated by ·our Government). It will bring we despise conflict. We are hopeful that some progress may units up to strength which are now mere be made in relieving tensions. But we are America's vigilant preparedness is the skeletons. It will help minimize cas.ualties greatest deterrent to world war III, and not going to delude ourselves into for­ in the event of conflict. Old Glory's presence throughout the world getting that the Soviets have never al­ The military manpower plan must, there­ proves that we Americans are instantly alert tered their fundamental plan to dominate fore, pass within the next 30 to 45 days. · ~o our farflung responsibilities. and conquer the world. Somehow the parliamentary issue of a NO SO-CALLED LAST CHANCE OF PEACE THE AGE OF SUPERSONIC SPEED segregation or nonsegregation amendment must be resolved. I personally believe that We prove that we know we are living in Nonetheless, in the months up ahead, we will have several excellent opportunities to Americans of all races, sharing the same uni­ a contracted world-in an age of supersonic form, should share opportunity to serve in speed. try to improve East-West relations. We will have an opportunity at the San the same-Regular, Reserve, and National The American continent can be crossed by Guard units. jet planes in less than 3 ¾ hours. The At­ Francisco Conference which will open a week lantic Ocean can be crossed in approximately from now, on the occasion of the 10th anni­ But I do not believe that this issue, how­ the same time. Here in Baraboo we are no versary of the signing of the United Nations ever important it is, is bigger than the more than 7 hours away from Soviet air­ Charter. · very survival of this country. And I do not bases, even if you compute the travel time in We will have an opportunity in July at the believe that men of reason are so inadequate terms of very slow bombers. Big Four "meeting at the summit," in Geneva. that they cannot settle it in good faith. And by the speed of a guided missile­ . We will have an opportunity again a month PROVIDE INCENTIVE FOR MILITARY CAREERS which may someday travel at 10,000 miles later at the United Nations Atoms for Peace A second problem likewise arises in con­ per hour-Baraboo m,ay be only one-half Conference in Geneva. nection with the men of our Armed Forces. hour away-I repeat--0ne-half hour-from And there will be other opportunities. We I refer in particular to the skilled pilots of Soviet launching sites at the Arctic Circle. must capitalize on all of them in order to our Air Force. The fact of the matter is that Already for purposes of defense around the prevent a third troubled world war. we have been running a stop-an-go, on­ city of Milwaukee is being built our own nest . There is no so-called "one last chance" again, off'-again program. of guided-missile sites-Nike sites. Near for peace, any more than there is a so-called We have been alternately recruiting thou­ Kansasville, 30 miles southwest of Milwau­ "one last chance" to enjoy li-fe._ sands of pilots and then discharging them kee, is to be built a new $16 million Air Every single day offers us new opportuni­ or complacently watching them bid us Defense Command jet base. ties for living and new opportunities for good-bye. I have suggested that this new base be peace. Let us not become downhearted or We have been spending literally billions named in honor of the late Maj. Richard Ira filled with thoughts of gloom or · doom. of dollars in training young men in modern Bong, Wisconsin's ace of aces, in World War There is no need to exaggerate our difficulties high-speed aircraft. Then, for a variety of II, and Secretary of the Air Force Talbott with the Soviet Union, reasons, we have failed to provide suffi­ has responded by stating that he regards my Our difficulties with godless, imperialist cient incentive for these men to make a suggestion as "a most meritorious one." communism are many and they are deep and career of the Armed Forces. The NIKE sites, the jet air base-these they will be long lasting. · As a result, our billions of. dollar·s of in­ ,are grim reminders to us .today that there is But they are not unsolvable; they do not vestment in them has virtually been lost. no possibility that we can be isolated from mean a so-called inevitable war, provided we In some instances, there have actually been the world by the mere oceans. are strong, provided we are ready, provided wholesale releases of pilots and pilot trainees. 8384 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 15 This stop-and-go situation-this alternate I do not believe, of course, in lgnorlng tion law, and this resistance to change is dumping and replenishing of our air-pilot years of experience in uniform, which have reflected in the Congress. Only a :ti,andfu,l. supply-is utterly wasteful and utterly been built up by our military leaders. .They of States in this Union, who have had con­ harmful to the national well-being. are entitled-truly entitled-to our respect. tinuing experience with receiving immi­ I say to you that only a 5- or 10-percent But when, as, and if they show themselves grants from other lands to their own enrich­ rate of reenlistment is a fantastic com­ as lagging in imagination and in enterprise, I ment, have understood the flaws in our mentary on our failure thus far to solve this do not believe that they should be allowed immigration policy. If w,e understand this uncertain problem for our servicemen-in to have a stranglehold over new inventions fact of resistance, we -are · then .better Air Force, Army, and Navy. and technology. equipped to understand t:tie ' na:tu!e of the The problem must be met once and for We need top scientific brains to go all-out difficult job before us. Th"ere are not enough all. · to cope with the problem of radar defense. people who understand the consequences of We need it for new intercontinental guided our "immigration policy.- The immigration MILITARY RESEARCH MUST BE STRENGTHENED and ballistic systems. We need it in a thou­ law at best is an intricate subject, neces­ There is a third problem as regards our sand and one other ways, and I say we have sarily dependent upon interpretation of lan­ Armed Forces, and it is the problem of how got to get it, if we are to survive. guage, since immigration law can never be to accelerate and strengthen their research CONCLUSION written with the exactness of, shall we say, programs. . a tax law. I know, for example, of many· Recently, the famous Hoover Commission These, then, are some of the steps neces­ Members of Congress, when faced with an commented very pointedly on Defense De­ sary for our survival. actual case of deportation and the absence partment research. What it said was un­ By taking these actions, we may truly of a statute of limitations in our law, have fortunately not too-encouraging. The Com­ prove our allegiance to the Red, White, and expressed surprise. "Is that in the act?" mission did praise certain advances which Blue. they ask, again and again. We have, for have been made by our services. It has been a great privilege to be with example, pending before the Committee on At the same time, it reported that the you today at this patriotic assembly. the Judiciary of the House, of which I am services do not have a good and consistent I know that our faith and confidence in America's future is even stronger now than chairman, over 2,000 private immigration overall record in adopting new suggestions. bills, introduced by Members of the House The plain fact of the matter is that man y ever before, by virtue of our coparticipation in this great event. of every shade of political opinion, including Of the greatest advances of military tech­ those who are in principle opposed to lib­ nology in our country have been adopted­ eralization of the immigration law. Every not because of the eager acceptance of the one of these cases represents an exception services, but at the least despite their re­ sought from the provisions of the rigid Im­ luctance, and at the most, despite their b it- Celler Scores Immigration Policy of migration and Nationality Act. That is be­ ter opposition. . United States cause the authors of these private bills see From ·the days of our own pioneering Gen. each beneficiary as a human being, not as a Bllly Mitchell down to the present days of statistic. Perhaps that is the major obstacle Adm. Hyman Rickover, the services have at EXTENSION OF REMARKS that when we talk of immigration abstractly, times bitterly resisted some of the foremost OF it becomes difficult to translate the figures military prophets in their own ranks. They into human beings. You ·of HIAS, who work didn't want Billy Mitchell's bombers, and HON.THOMASJ.LANE with immigrants, see each case as individ­ they didn't want Admiral Rickover's atomic OF MASSACHUSETTS ualized, see the hopes, frustrations, the submarine. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tragedies of human .beings who seek a home There is disturbing evidence to indicate in the United States. I believe it is part of that some of the brass have their doubts Wednesday, June 15, 1955 your job to translate for the major segments about the real significance of an atomic­ of our population these statistics into the powered warplane, and that they are not Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, under leave· human story. .:- · · revising overall strategy as fast as possible­ to extend my remarks, I wish to include It is particularly gratifying· to me that b ased upon the impact of atomic-powered the following address of Congressman HIAS in these times concerns itself so in­ surface and underseas craft. EMANUEL CELLER, chairman of the House timately with the wh_ole question of our im­ Now, I want to be fair to our Armed Forces. Committee on the Judiciary, at a Wil­ migration policy. Today, with 6 million Jews I am proud of our services, proud of their lard Hotel dinner by the Washington . exterminated through Nazi massacre, with gallantry and fidelity. And I certainly do 2· million Jews behind the bars of the Iron not believe in blanket criticism. Committee of United HIAS Service, the international Jewish imigration agency, Curtain countries, and with little Israel But I do not believe in their infallibility bravely straining all its resources to give a and I do not believe in closing my eyes to on Tuesday, June 14, 1955: haven to those Jews who seek entry, HIAS reality. THE. IMMIGRATION CRISIS nonetheless continues its concern with the So, I say that the able Hoover Commission Nowhere except possibly in the area of general immigration problems, for it is aware recommendations for strengthening research international trade, do the lines of domestic that our immigration policy is a weak link 1n the Armed Forces must be adopted. and foreign policy cross and meet as they do indeed in the chain of democracy, and to the Military bureaucracy can be twice as in immigration. This is a subject, therefore, extent we ignore our weaknesses, to that strangling as civilian bureaucracy. That is that we must in all self-interest deal with extent democracy is vulnerable. because of the necessary military element of soberly, sensitively, and above all, seriously. Basing our immigration quotas on the ac­ strong discipline and the relative inability For the more than 32 years I have been cident ·of national origins; we reach an un­ of lower ranking officers to appeal against an in Congress, I have watched the policy of tenable, if not, shall I say, an absurd con­ unwise decision from above, if it is adopted. immigration become ensnarled in the waves clusion. For example, the quota for Ger­ I am not dismissing conventional strategy of fear produced by hot and cold wars. This many is 25,814, for Italy, it is 5,645, for and weapons and units. I am not one who was as true in 1954 as it was true in 1952 and Greece, 308, for Turkey, 225. Is, therefore, a believes that magical push-button instru­ is true in 1955. Our immigration policy is as German 80 times more worthwhile than a ments are going overnight to take the place · much an aftermath of World War II as it native of Greece? Or 4 times more worth­ of all ground forces or sea units or air units. was an aftermath in 1924 of World War I and while than a native of Italy and 115 times But I do believe that the greatest single the Russian revolution which was part of greater than a man or woman of Turkish superiority which we have over the Soviet the seething history of those years. In be­ origin? Or is one man of English origin 9 Union is the superiorJty in the brainpower tween was a major depression. times as meritorious as a man of Polish and the industrial power of freemen. And At no one time since 1924 have we sum­ origin? recent evidences indicate that we are allow­ moned sufficient objectivity to examine the In the Senate and in the House there have ing our margin of technical superiority to consequences of our immigration policy in been introduced a number of identical bills disappear. Recent evidences confirm that the light of our world leadership, in the which have for their purpose basic revision the Soviet Union is successfuly -racing to light of the guiding principles of our democ­ of the Immigration and Nationality Act. catch up with us in every field in which we racy, and in the light of established scien- · The Lehman-Celler bill, as it has come to be have had supremacy. tiflc and political fact. known, · seeks primarily to: Let us bring United States science to the W~ who pride ourselves as a forward­ 1. _Eliminate the national origins quota fore again. So-called "ivy-towered" scien­ looking people in tune with the march of system with its built-in discriminations t ists, often working in American universities, events and progress, have remained mysti­ based on place of birth; · have time after time come up with better fyingly divorced from reality in the whole 2. Eliminate statutory discriminations and ideas, more practical ideas, than some of the immigration picture. We have, instead, mar­ distinctions between .native-born and natu- leaders of our Armed Forces. ried fact to fancy, delusion to data, and ra~ized Jµnerican citizens; , I believe that we need a totally new atti­ embraced the hybrid offspring-our immi­ 3. Eliminate present insubstantial grounds tude in relation to the great scientific asset gration policy-with nondetachable fingers. for revocation and denial of citizenship; of our country. I believe that we should find For, make no mistake about this, the pre­ 4. Eliminate fractious and arbitrary out what the scientists really think about vailing sentiment throughout this country grounds for denial of admission to the United current military planning. 1s against any basic revision of our immigra- States; 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - -HOUSE 8385 5. Make a clear distinction in requirements ward· the distribution of the unused quota? The Voice· of Farm Women for entry between (a) aliens seeking perma­ This is not to say that we should lose sight of nent residence here, and (b) alien visitors our maximum gqal, involving many basic coming here for scholarly or s~ientific pur­ changes. This is to say, that there is a EXTENSION OF REMARKS poses, for pleasure, or for business; more probable success in attempting these OF 6. Elimina~e special immigration barriers modifications plus the elimination of certain . against orientals and Negroes. administrative procedures which have HON. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY 7. Establish.an.annual immigration ceiling worked so much hardship on the immigrant OF MINNESOTA of approximately 250,000 per year, but permit both here and in countries abroad. This IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES would be a realistic approach. It will suc­ immigration up to that _limit; Wednesday, June 15, 1955 8. Require all ordinary immigration from ceed. the Western Hemisphere to be included It is well to keep our sights trained on the Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, the ~ithin the ap.nual quota limits; major objective--indeed we must not at any time turn ourselves away from the larger Nation's farm women are welcoming a 9. Establish a unified quota system, based new voice in their behalf in the Con­ on. national need, individual aptitude, and vision. But let us keep in mind, so that we can gress, in the person of Minnesota's new the requirements_ of our foreign policy; Representative, COYA KNUTSON. We in 10. Establish statutory review and appeals give relief presently, now to thousands of procedures in all cases of deportation and human beings by liquidating the ,mortgages Minnesota are proud of Representative exclusion, and.tor denials of vis.as. on quotas and causing a distribution of un- KNUTSON, and the important role she is , used quotas among tlie lo\¥ quota countries. I am frankly doubtful of passage of the now filling on the House Agriculture Lehman-Celler bill this year or even next. This relief, I believe, th_e Congress will Committee. Realistically these are maximum demands accept and in this session · I ask unanimous consent to have which.the Congress is not prepared as yet to It is not lightly that I make these pro­ printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD accept. I might add, not sufficiently edu;­ posals. I have this in mind : With the pos­ sible easing of tensions the time may not an article entitled "Meet the Farm cat~d to the mischief. arising from the pres- Woman's Congresswoman," from the . ent ~ct to .accept. Wpile Pr·esident Eisen­ be to.o distant when the Iron Curtain coun­ hower twice has asked for revision of the tries may permit those of Jewish faith to March issue of Better Farming, along McCar'ran-Walter act, there has been no emigrate. Therefore we must now work to with ai:i editorial column of that same pressure from the administration to go bring about availability of quota numbers, p_ublication in its June issue and an ar­ even if in limited degree, so that. we shall • forward. . . . . ticle written by Representative KNUTSON 1 not fail them at their moment of greatest We h-ave seen .. the miserable failure of the for that iSS'lJ.e entitled ''Protect the Refugee Relief Act of 1953. There are those need. Family Farm Now." of . us, Senator LEHMAN in the Senate and I say, too, if we can bring about these modifications in this Congress we shall at the I also ask consent to have appear with myself in the House, joined by others, who these articles a prize-winping letter have sought by legislation to make this act same time be modifying the heretofore re­ workable. And, while it is imperative that sisting attitude against change. from a farm wife, selected from hun­ this -act be made to work, we must not ac­ Let us come back to the consideration of dreds written to Representative KNuT- cept any revision of the Refugee Relief Act the major changes. Now let's take a fresh _soN and published in that same current as a substitute for revisions of our immigra­ look at the fl.ow of immigration into this issue of Better Farming. tion law. The Refugee Relief Act is emer- country and try to understa~d its meaning. There being no objection, the matters . gency l!,lgislation, necessary and humani­ The volume of immigration has risen from referred to were ordered to be ·printed tarian. in pur.pose, but it is certainly not any a low of 38,000 in 1945 to more than 208,000 in the RECORD, as follows: · · · answer to the major difficulties . . in 1954. This, of course, is immigrartt vol­ 1'here we have it, then, a Refuge'e ~elief ume. The flow of nonimmigrants, that is, [From Better Farming for March 1955) -Act which doei, not-work, and -an immigra:. · those who do not come tb stay permanently, MEET THE FARM WOMAN'S CONGRESSWOMAN tion policy which offends.against our natural has increased manyfold. In 1954 we found more than 59 million entries of nonimmi­ (By Fred Bailey) generosity, and, at hQme and abroad, thrusts Mrs. CoYA KNUTSON, new Congresswoman the United States into cariacature pose. grants. This includes agricultural laborers, seamen, and those crossing the Canadian from Minnesota, is the first woman to serve As the cold war deepened, so our fears on the important House Committee on Agri• deepened. In 1948 we were capable of en- and Mexican borders. ·The -influx of 208,000 ' ·in 1954 arises primarily from the nonquota culture and F_orestry. Despite this sudden . acting ~ Celler Displaced Persons Act which status accorded natives of independent fame you would find her as easy to talk to admitted some 400,000 :refugee·s. But even as your neighbor on the next farm. . ' ~hen Congress saw· fit to mortgage future Western Hemisphere countries. Out of .that 208,000 some 94,000 are accounted for by - C<;>ngr~sswoman KNUTSON, now in her early quotas. . There are some low quota countries forties, 1s a pleasant, friendly woman who where 50 percent of the quotas are mortgaged quota immigrants and the remainder, 114,- 000, by nonquota immigrants, mostly from speaks from experience when she talks about up to the year 2000. It is ironic that in farming and the farm home. She is a daugh­ ' passing the Refugee F,elief Act of 1953, Con­ Western Hemisphere countries. Hence, we see clearly that there is an increase in non­ ter of a North Dakota farmer; she married a gress provided that these be nonqu0ta im­ Minnesota farmer and reared a family on a migrants, yet kept intact the cruel mortgage quota immigrants while the fl.ow of quota immigrants is on the decline. The national­ 160-acre farm near Oklee, population "under provisions of the earlier Displaced Persons 500."· Act. I sincerely believe that perhaps not origin provisions and the mortgage provi­ sions of the Displaced Persons Act contribute A Democrat in a normally Republican dis­ 1 person out of possibly 10,000 in the trict, Mrs. KNUTSON says votes of farm U:nited States is aware of this mortgage pro­ in large fashion to this picture. If that is so, then what real purpose does our quota women were a major factor in her election vision. Out of the 679,940 quota immigra­ victory. Her most effective campaign "weap­ tion visas issued by American consular of­ system have? The immigration picture is not based on any realistic study of absorp­ ons" were two bottles of milk and a box of ficers abroad from 1948 to 1952, 355,971 had rolled oats. Reference to what has been to be charged against future quotas. The tive capacity in this country. It is no longer even based on what the opponents of liberal called her "butter and egg 'lectioneering" quotas of 25 countries have thus been pre­ brings a smile. "I guess !'OU might call it empted up to 50 percent of their annual al­ immigration policy can "assimilation po­ tential." In other words, the population that," Mrs. KNUTSON says. "The sale of poul­ lotment; 50 percent of the Polish quota is try and dairy products makes up the greater mortgaged until the year 2000. The Yugo­ composition is not the determining factor in nonvisa immigration. Hence the national part of the income of the farmers in my slav quota is mortgaged to the year 2015· district. the Greek quota 2017; the Estonian quot~ origin quota system serves only to discrimi­ nate against people of southern Europe. "Last April, Secretary Benson reduced until the year 2146, etc. dairy price supports and by August farmers' During fiscal years 1925 to 1952 2,438,845 I am convinced . that if the country at large understood the facts I have presented incomes in Clay County, Minn., had been quota numbers were unused because they cut by $400,000. When farm spending went could not be redistributed under the law. to you, understood them as you understand them too, that resistance to change would down, merchants in town were hurt, too. I We go a step further and note that dur­ don't know who was helped; certainly not ing the fiscal year 1953-54, quota visa immi­ soon disappear. I believe also the time is not far off, though it is not yet, when Con­ city people who buy dairy products." grants amounted to a total of 94,098 out of Mrs. KNUTSON campaigned on a promise to 154,657 total permitted by the law. Since gress wm reflect the changing attitude and will rewrite the laws in accordance to the work for full parity prices for farmers. She Great Britain and Ireland use so little of isn't at all certain that high supports are their quota, those unused go to waste. Some principles of equality of peoples and wipe the complete or final answer, but she insists 60,000 visas this past year which could have out the differences in treatment between that something must be done to raise farm been used to alleviate human suffering native-born and acquired citizenship now income until a better answer is found. She throughout the world went down the drain, existent in our law. I submit that we thinks Congress should investigate the Would it not, therefore, make sense, good proceed to educate, not iri bitterness, not widening spread between prices farmers re­ sense, as perhaps a preliminary step, to work in rancor, but alive always to challenge (in ceive and consumers pay. And the most im­ toward and to concentrate on the elimination rational debate) the blind barriers of immf­ portant job the House Agriculture Commit­ of the mortgages imposed and to work to- gration. tee has now, she believes, is to set about 8386 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 15 reversing the trend of declining farm prices weather economic storms, many others are struggle to stay in farming during these dif­ and income. feeling the effects of shrinking income and ficult times, make me prouder than ever "When I see farm prices going down and unshr\nking costs. In Iowa, a State of su­ that I have the opportunity to represent the down while folks in Washington argue over perb farms and able farmers, some 56 per­ farm women of this country. Tlley show what to do about it, I get irked," she admits. cent of the farms reporting did not have to clearly why we must take up the fight to "Something is wrong, maybe here in Wash­ pay State income taxes last year because their protect the family-type farm. Some excerpts ington, and I intend to find out what it is net income dropped below the taxable level. from the lett~rs tell all this better than and help do something about it. That is Reports, too, come to us that young farm I can. why I wanted so much to come to the Con­ couples, who have started out in the past few "I washed today," wrote- Mrs. Jerry Urba­ gress and especially to be a member of the years, are having serious trouble in the nek, of Lusk, Wyo. "With the aid of an elec­ House Committee on Agriculture and struggle with high capital costs and lowered tric washing machine and - REA power I' :forestry." incomes. washed quickly, but my washing machine is Mrs. KNUTSON confesses to being pretty Congress is again engaged with the problem a secondhand model, and so ancient that I much a green pea in Washington, but she is of a farm program. It is a tough job and catch the oil which drips from the motor in no stranger to a legislative assembly, since this magazine has a great respect for those a can. I hold the wringer together with one she served 4 years in the Minnesota Legis­ who are working on it, but we feel there is hand while I feed in the clothes with tl'ie lature. Her experience also includes teach­ more to the question than how high price <;>ther. Dangerous, perhaps, but it wUI be a ing school and serving as an AAA field supports should be. Its editors believe a_ long time before I can afford another. woman. useful farm program must give those who ·. "My husband and I have been farming for The new Congresswoµian wants more time operate our family-type farms better protec- 25 years. I do a man's work in the fields be­ to study farm problems from the national . tion and a fair chance to make a good living. cause we cannot afford hired labor. We have viewpoint before introducing any bills. She It should also give the young farmer more a capital outlay of $45,000 invested in 900 is primarily interested in legisla tioii to: ( 1) of an opportunity to become securely estab­ acres of land, a full set of machinery, and 44 raise support prices, (2) increase funds for lished. head of cattle. Until 2 years ago we were the school-lunch program, (3) revive a food­ · The Republican Party had one admirable out of debt. Last year we planted 200 acres stamp plan for distribution of surpluses, farm plank in its 1936 platform. It said: of grain and harvested enough to get our (4) improve conservation and fertility of the "Our paramount object is to protect and fos­ seed back because of drought. We cut soil, and ( 5) strengthen the family farm. ter the family type of farm, traditional to enough hay for our cattle and were more She believes: "We have the most efficient, American life • • • to provide • · • • rea­ fortunate than others,·who have been buying productive agriculture in the world. It is sonable benefits. These payments should be hay at $40 a ton to keep ·their foundation capable of providing consumers with an limited to the family-type farm • • •." stock. abundance at fair prices. It should provide The Republican platform of 1940 repeated "I like farming, but" my husband and I this last assertion. Both parties should re.: worked 4,800 hours · at farm work last year, farmers with~ good income, security, a com.; vive this principle. fortable home with modern conveniences, for which we cannot show 1 · cent of remu­ education for their children, and the oppor­ Twenty years ago, in the depression, only neration. While we were working we were tunity to lead rewarding lives. 57 out of every 100 farms were owned entirely also wearing out high-priced machinery .and or in part by the families living on them·. receiving less than 2 p_ercent on· the capital "There is a lot more to farming than just Today that figure has increased to 75 out of raising crops and livestock. I think farm we had invested. · We could have taken the 100. We cannot afford to go backward. ioss of our grain crop without going into debt women often are more keenly aware of Ownership of the land by those who live and greater social, educational, recreational, and if the prices of the cattle we sold had been work on it was urged in the great speeches in line with the prices we had to pay for the spiritual needs than men. Certainly the preceding the Homestead Act as one of the i'arm women in µiy district cherish the in­ necessities we bought." · · strongest supports of free government. The · Mrs. John E. Allen, of Mobeetie, Tex., tells tangible values· that strengthen farm-family first and greatest step then, in a farm pro­ ties. · of the situation ~rom another angle of farm­ gram, is as complete protection of the family ing. "I want as much as I can to repre~ent all farm as possible. farm women in my work on the House Agri­ · "We have 200 acres; 75 seeded to improved The other day I visited Congresswoman pasture. We raise and put up our own culture Committee, not just those who helped °KNUTSON in her office in Washington. You send me to Washington. I would like to silage, raise our own grain, have a 50-cow would like her, for she's just as natural as her~ ·and raise our own repl~cements. We meet and talk with every farm wife in the folks in your own community. She's got America, but since I can't, I hope they will ·are working hard to organize_and establish _a plenty of scrap, too, especially where farm ·producer association to protect us against thil' at least write me about their problems and women are concerned. You'd never have any give me their suggestions for making farm -big handlers. As it is now they can test and doubt about her determination to see that weigh our milk any way they like. A num­ living a -better living. they get a fair break or her real interest "I want and intend to be, to the best of ber of dairymen· have liad to take what they in better farm living. "As long as I'm in could get for their investments and quit. On my ability, the farm woman's Congress­ ·washington," she declared, "I'm going to woman." ·our own herd·we received $2,000 less money in stand up for the family-type farm and for 1954 for more milk shipped than in 1953. the woman ·who lives on it. And I'm not ·But the consumer paid the same price for [From Better Farming for June . 1955] ·going to stand idiy by and watch what could ~what he boug!lt, and our feed, groceries, and be one of the tragedies of our age-the freez­ clothing were even higher." . FRIEND AND NEIGHBOR: HERE ARE THE KEY ·ing out of young farm families w:tio are strug­ POINTS OF A GOOD FARM PROGRAM The same experience is told in a letter ·gling to maintain a precarious hold on their from Mrs. Floyd Waldo, Route 3, Winona, in I have long felt that the farm women of farms. They are our one great hope for the my own State of Minnesota: future." America have been rather forgotten persons "On our farm we produced 65,717 pounds in the deliberations about farm programs In the months ahead this magazine pledges ·more milk last year and received $204 less. and other legislation. They are the ones itself to wage an aggressive fight for these · Our costs remained inflexible while our who fiUffer first when something like the ·interests. It is now scouring the country for markets were unstable. But consumers present pinch of high costs and lowered farm ·1deas that will· be of practical help to all have . not benefited ·from this farm price income comes along. That is why I believe types of farming. It will use the influence ·cut." that every farm woman, and her husband ·it has to get the right kind of far~ legisla­ To this Mrs. Burnis Brigham, Route 1, and family, too, will be interested in the ar­ tion in Washington. We invite all of you­ Genesee, Idaho, adds: ticle by Congresswoman CoYA KNUTSON, men and women-to join in the fight for a "It's bad enough to see farm returns go which starts on page 8. long-range farm program that will safeguard steadily lower but ifs even worse to know You will remember that in our March issue ·the family farms of America. that consumers · never benefit. • • • Last we introduced the newly elected Representa­ ROBERT H. REED, fall the pro~essors of our grade A milk made tive from Minnesota-the first woman ever a big thing of a cent a quart price reduc­ to be a member of the House Committee on [From Better Farming for June 1955] ·tion-made possible by producers getting Agriculture. In the article about her we ·that much less. The reduction in our price · quoted her as saying she wanted to represent FARM WOMEN TELL WHY WE MUST FIGHT TO PROTECT THE FAM.ILY FARM Now ·was very hard for us to absorb but we did all the farm women of America and asked ·feel good that milk would cost townfolk that they write her about their problems and - (By Representative COYA KNUTSON) -less. In exactly 2 weeks, the consumer price ideas. They eagerly responded to that invi­ The invitation, extended through Better . went back up but, of course, the producer tation with a veritable flood of letters. She Farming to the farm women of America to price did not. This is the type of price bas built her article out of them. These let:. ·write to me about their problems and their ·usury that farmers are generally as helpless ters come from the very- hearts of farm -ideas for making farm living a better living, ·as babes to cope with." . wo:m~n and nobody can Fead them without ·brought a response- that has fairly over­ ' Another phase of the- low-price high-cost . being deeply stirred. whelmed me. Letters. have· come from farm .situation is described by Mrs. Mildred Rein• There are several million family-type farms homes in 45 different States. 'hardt, of Palisade, ,Minn.: and ranches in this. country. They represent I have read •all of them. They tell a story ·''One of the most unjust and disheartening a manner of agriculture that has always -I wish every publit official and every Member . circumstances facing farm women today is been one of the sources of America's prid_e of Congress could know and feel as I.do now. .tl)e_ exorbitant. costs_ of e~ta_pllshing .and and strength. Although some are well set to The spirit and courage they reflect, the brave maintaining a laying flock as compared with 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8387 the infinitesimal net profit eked out from mediate living costs, there is nothing left fa!mers. We had a dry fall, the lake was egg sales." What this means is told by Mrs. to save. I work hard, sew, mend and make low, and now the ice has frozen solid and Waymon Wood, of Spiro, Okla.: "On most over garments, can raise chickens, etc., to there ls no water beneath. I shall not go small farms, such as ours, the wife takes help make ends meet. This au takes time into this detail as I realize that you cannot charge of the laying flock and expects the and does not leave enough time or energy legislate about wind and weather. profits to be her part of the family's spend­ to help train the children in stronger spirit­ You can, however, legislate about water, ing money. How can she make any spending ual lives, which they need now, not later. and while I am a firm believer in voluntary money when feed costs remain high while This work, however, as a farm homemaker associations and agreements, I truly feel that eggs go down to from 20 to 30 cents a I must do. the time is coming when we shall no longer dozen?" And Mrs. Sara E. Demaree, of "The crossroad I mentioned is this: As be wealthy enough to be easy and casual Malden, Mo., wrote: "Feed prices remain the soon as our youngest is in school, I in­ about soil and water. I say to myself, we same while eggs have gone down, down, tend to go to work outside the home. I must not only conserve, but increase our until farmers feel compelled to sell their have had considerable business experience water resources and the must is so urgent flocks, keeping only enough for home con­ before marriage, plus training and hours in my mind that I am no longer tolerant of sumption. So went the farm woman's in­ for teaching. I would much rather stay in the man who allows water to flow off his come, thereby robbing her of her independ­ the home doing my own work and be a true land in deep gullies, lets his topsoil blow ence in helping out the family income." homemaker. My choice is not my own for I away, overgrazes the grass, cuts down the Many, as did Mrs. Reinhardt, blame the want our children to have an opportunity to timber without replenishing the forests, indiscriminate grading of eggs, or lack of it, receive a higher schooling so that some time wastes the heritage of this country. and the costly and backward system of egg they may not be placed in the same position. I am a firm believer in the family-size distribution. As Mrs. Mary E. Brinson, Route While I do not want to raise all the funds farm, not only because I am presently de­ 2, Gosport, Ind., wrote: "If we had a good (if that were possible) I do want to help voted to one but because in the back reaches graded egg market, as we do for grade A milk so that each one can get a start and then of my min~ (or is it just a romantic notion?) or livestock, I feel that egg prices to farmers they can go on for themselves from there." I believe that the type of life and economy would be much better, at least fairer. In our The pressure of these conditions means typified by the American family farm is a locality all eggs, regardless of how good or extra burdens for all members of the fam­ bulwark to the kind of democratic society bad, bring the same price.'' Many pointed ily, sometimes to the heartache of the par­ we wish to preserve. It may be that large out that, with the inadequate grading meth­ ents. This letter from Mrs. Elsie H. Bechtel, corporate farming would fill the Nation's ods in vogue, the dealers stood to reap the Manor Farm, Adams, N. Y., is expressive of shopping basket, but would it fill the heart profits from better-quality eggs. that fact: "There is certainly something of the man who produced it and the man How this sometimes affects the farm fam­ wrong in Washington and it is good to know who consumes it? Would a large corporate ily's life is told by Mrs. Elmer Whitney, of that a real farmwife is working to get to farm economy assist in making our national Oregon, Ill.: "The thing that hurts me most the bottom of it. The greater part of the economy vigorous, expanding, and demo­ is that many of our rural women are taking income of farmers in this district consists cratic? I think the answer is "No." But town jobs to provide needed requirements of of proceeds from the sale of dairy and poul­ this question is one which many people, the farm family. • * • In the past farm try products. Everyone in this section is legislators like yourself, must not only an­ families have all taken deep interest in moth­ feeling the price squeeze on farmers now. swer but must be firm about it. If the er's poultry and garden because they knew "Many small farmers and some larger ones family-size farm is what we really wish to the surplus sold meant a new rug, new around here have been auctioning off their preserve, then all of our thinking, planning, clothes, or perhaps a family trip. After con­ places and are being forced into terrific and agricultural legislation should assist in tinued disappointments, because there was losses. Others, like ourselves, have had to nurturing and protecting it. no surplus profit, these ventures have been see their wives go to work and have been It becomes harder and harder for an in­ abandoned. In search for a way to provide forced to put small children to work be­ dividual, while youth and vigor are with these things the wife takes a town job. The yond their years because the income from · him, to "buy in" to many types of farm­ brave little family tell her 'We'll do our best the place will not bear paying wages to hired ing. This is due to the price of machinery, to keep things going at home.' But their labor. Our 11-year-old girl is doing more stock, available land. Unless he falls heir best falls far short without mother. It can work than we would like to see her do, but to a farm or money, a young man can mean a crippled family life and a weakening she does it willingly and we don't know seldom enter the field. One of the results of family unity, whicl_ is a vital and precious what we would do without her. It sounds is that the old experts in the Department part of our way of li:e." terrible, like you are dependent on a child, of Agriculture grew up on farms and know Oh, so often the letters tell of such sacri­ but my husband and I are doing all we can their problems. The young experts have no fices. One Fountain Run, Ky., farm woman (we have over 50 cows in the barn) and the experience outside of books and summer told of traveling 25 miles from home each day help she gives us is the difference between jobs at experiment stations or nurseries. to work in a store to help her husband hold being able to go on and quitting. A man This ls not good. their farm. But she added, "I had to give does reach a stage where he can't add any Another result ls that, unless a farmer up my job. It was just too much." And, as more to his burdens." has good luck with weather or outside for­ Mrs. Albert H. Holtz, Route 1, Holden, Mo., Scbres of other letters tell the same story tune, he is unable to expand his first hold­ wrote: "In our community we have had fall­ of struggle and sacrifice, of a determination ings. There is nothing like an RFC for the ing prices, drought, grasshoppers, feed short­ not to be forced out of farming and a feel­ farmer-entrepreneur so that he could ex­ ages until in nearly every family the husband ing that something is terribly wrong at pres­ tend his investment to meet competition or wife has had to get an outside job. This ent. They reveal, too, how little considera­ or operate on a more equitable scale. The makes it difficult to farm efficiently. My hus­ tion our policymakers have given to farm family-size farm is in competition with large band has worked in town for the past 3 years women and the farm home. They "do not corporate and city-controlled financing. and I handle all the chores alone. Why do want sympathy," as one after another wrote, Money made in Hollywood, on Wall Street, families stay on farms under such circum­ only that "after all our labor and expense or in industry is mighty hard co,mpetition stances? You would be surprised at how there will be something left for the needs for the lone farmer. many of our neighbors (and ourselves) have of the family." Many letters contained use­ I also confess to a great dissatisfaction given up much better livelihoods in the city ful ideas and suggestions for improving the in thinking of the Halls of Congress being because they believe they can bring up their situation. Some of these will be reported in battered down by tobacco men, wheat men, children better on a farm, and are willing to the pages of Better Farming next month. cotton men, peanut vendors, and the like. make the physical sacrifices necessary for Our agricultural economy must be looked this." A RANCH WOMAN'S REMEDY FOR WHAT AILS at as a. whole-production, distributidn, The situation is forcing some hard deci­ AGRICULTURE price, freight, advertising, perishables, live­ sions upon many, as this letter from Mrs. stock. Unless economists and right-think­ Dorothy Biggs, Route 1, Potwin, Kans., tells: DOUBLE J RANCH, ing men sit down and think about the whole "I am a Kansas farm wife with three chil­ Okanogan, Wash., February 26, 1955. future-land, water, products, and the in• dren, ages 10, 7, and 3. I think being a home­ DEAR MRs. KNUTSON: Early this morning, creasing populations of our own country and maker is the most challenging and interest­ my husband brought in a calf. We were too the world, and our Nation's economy that ing career any woman can have. But I am late. It died, frozen. I then made up my needs to get out of the "fix" we seem to facing a crossroad, which I imagine other mind that I would, in some way, have to be in, whether it be parity price or interest farm women also face. make up the cost of that calf, for it meant rate-it doesn't· seem to me that we shall "I have much to be thankful for-a good a lot to us. Braving a bitter north wind get very far. I do not believe that the top­ home, a good husband, plenty of food and to feed and water the chickens, I came back flight men of farm organizations or of farm the ordinary comforts. But, like many other in the kitchen to drink hot coffee and sat production groups should be consulted in farm women, I'd like to be able to save a down to see if Better Farming would cheer building the first basic agricultural policies. little or purchase a few bonds as I go along my heart. It did with news of your election They all have special interests and they are to help with the children's higher educa­ and the possibility of making up for that there to protect them. tion that will eventually come. We raise calf just lost. So, while the men are out We do need disinterested social econ­ and sell livestock and do make a profit each feeding the cattle and trying to solve the omists and planners to grapple with the year; but after taxes, repair and mainte­ problem of watering them, I will write to larger issues at stake. Somewhere along the nance, insurance, new machinery and im- you. Water is a touchy problem for most line the farmer has to grapple with these CI--527 8388 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 15 problems too. He should be able to do ~o ultimately tend to lessen the nationwide political, psychological, and cultural offen­ without feeling that he will lose his status shortage of nurses which exists in our sive throughout the world. in the community because he does not agree country today. On the congressional front, Congressman with the Secretary of Agriculture or the FRANK THOMPSON, of New Jersey, has been righteousness of the sugar-beet growers. He tireless in his efforts toward this same ob­ should be able to do so without being caught jective and has introduced several highly in a vise which is his vote to cut his acre­ significant bills along this line-particularly age or get a lower price for his product. He America's Cultural Offensive Throughout with reference to developing the city of needs straight thinking without pressure. the World Washington, D. C., as a great cultural center. This last item I know is hard, for the Amer­ THREE EVIDENCES OF THIS WORK ican people, including the farmer, are get­ ting to the point where they can't act or EXTENSION OF REMARKS I should like to cite now several additional evidences which prove, by the very diversity react unless the radio and newspapers OF scream and the face on the screen threatens. of their sources, that, at long last, we of the I must go and feed three hungry, cold, . HON. ALEXANDER WILEY United States are awaking to our responsi­ bilities, to our needs, and to our challenges. tired men a large noon dinner, so I close OF WISCONSIN with these suggestions : The first is a very splendid page which 1. The formation of a nonpolitical, non­ IN THE SENATE OF T.liE UNITED STATES was carried throughout our country in the ax-grinding Agricultural Planning Board. Wednesday, June 15, 1955 Hearst newspapers• March of Events Section Such a group should look backward as well last Sunday, describing the work of the as forward to see if this country really wants Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I send to Ainerican National Theater and Academy to preserve the family-size farm as part of the desk a brief statement regarding abroad. I want to congratulate the Hearst our national life and livelihood and, if they America's welcome cultural counter­ newspapers for their splendid contribution, do, to consider if and how it can be best sub­ offensive throughout the world. as evidenced by these and many other arti­ sidized and protected, and set up penalties I ask unanimous consent that it be cles and editorials. for those who are not interested in doing it . The second consists of writeups in last printed in the RECORD. in such a way as to conserve our resources. Sunday's June 12 Milwaukee Journal, by Mr. 2. The creation of a Government agency, There being no objection, the state­ Robert W. Wells, of the Journal's New York such as the RFC, to protect the small-size ment was ordered to be printed in the Bureau, and Mr. Laurence C. Eklund, of its farm from being grabbed by the mortgage RECORD, as follows: VVashington Bureau, on this same cultural holder or corporation; to permit the small theme. STATEMENT BY SENATOR WILEY HONOR TO FATHER HARTKE farm to grow and expand to the best eco­ I have been pleased to comment previously nomical operating capacity; to subsidize the on the Senate floor with regar~ to the need Thirdly, I point out that, of course, this man who wants to enter into the farm busi­ for a vigorous American cultural counter­ cultural counteroffensive could never have gotten under way if it had not been for cer­ ness. offensive throughout the world-for getting 3. To get the Department of Agriculture tain outstanding Americans who have with and farm organizations of all types to stop across to foreign peoples the true story of vision, and with industry, given of their able talking so much and scaring people and American music, art, theater, literature, the energies to this cause. One such individual putting on pressure; to listen for a change ballet, and all the other aspects of American who, I am pleased to say, is an ANTA direc­ and encourage people to think rather than culture. tor and attended the ANTA luncheon which carry a banner. Our purpose is, of course, to demonstrate I held, was honored yesterday here in our I feel as if I had been standing on top of a the absolute falsity of vicious Soviet propa­ own city of Washington. Father Gilbert V. soapbox and now need to get down and put ganda to the effect that ours is a so-called Hartke had only recently come back from dinner on and see to the children. It was a barbarian materialist culture, allegedly abroad where his troupe had entertained pleasure to take o:fI time and to write to you. interested only in the dollar sign. American servicemen. Before his departure, Sincerely yours, Fortunately, we are making excellent prog­ no less a person than the President of the Sally Goldmark. ress in disproving Soviet lies and in making United States personally bade his troupe and Mrs. JOHN GOLDMARK. up for lost time by accentuating the posi­ him farewell, indicating the deep interest of tive as well. . our President both in the cultural enter­ All over the world, there are radiating tainment of Americans and of foreign Ainerican musicians, theatrical troupes and peoples. others, showing foreign peoples at first hand I .am delighted that Father Hartke, a, great Male Nurses Should Be Commissioned the real significance of Ainerican cultural man of the theater, an honored servap.t of in Our Military Services pursuits. the cloth, a fine human being, was so hon­ Certainly, we can see clearly that there ored, and so I i~clude the brief t~xt of trib­ is a magnificent opportunity available to ute to him as carried in the testimonial pro­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS us when word comes in, as it has, from gram, and a list of the devoted committee OF Tokyo, for example, that thousands of en­ members who prepared th,e luncheon. Mr. thusiastic schoolchildren stood in line all Ralph E. Becker was general chairman of the HON. PETER F. MACK, JR. night to buy student tickets to hear the event, and Mr. Patrick Hayes was master of OF ILLINOIS American symphony of the air. Everywhere ceremonies. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this orchestra is scheduled in the Far East, tickets are sold out far in advance. Wednesday, June 15, 1955 [From the Hearst newspapers' March o! I am particularly pleased that right now Events section] Mr. MACK of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, the House of Representatives and, in par­ ticular, its Appropriations Committee, has ARTS SELL THE UNITED STATES WAY-ExPORT for many years the armed services have OF AMERICAN CULTURE WINS FRIENDS given officer commissions to female the opportunity to provide on a regular basis funds for this and similar cultural purposes. AROUND GLOBE nurses, but the male nurses have had to I say that it should not be necessary to We're giving the world a good look at serve in enlisted ranks. We hear much draw from the President's emergency funds American cultural achievement, to show of equal rights for women which I, of either to send troupes overseas or to assure we're not the mere materialists our enemies course, strongly support; but certainly United States participation in trade fairs. paint us. there is no logical reason why we should These should be part and parcel of the reg­ And our export of United States culture is not have equal rights for men, as well. ular program of the United States Govern­ returning big dividends in good will and appreciation of the Ainerican way of life Our colleague, FRANCES P. BOL?-"ON, has ment. throughout the free world. introduced H. R. 2559, a bill which will INCREASING INTERESTS IN CULTURAL EFFORTS Some samples, like Porgy and Bess and give officer commissions to .male nurses From all sides, I note that evidences are Oklahoma!, are uniquely Ainerican-as na­ and medical specialists in the armed pouring -in of the increasing momentum of tive as corn-on-the-cob. And on a more services. It seems to me it would be interest in this issue. international level, our drama, ballet, music, most appropriate to have this legislation Not long ago, I arranged for a luncheon and visual art match or surpass anything enacted, not only to remove the existing at which representatives of the American yet produced by Russian competition. inequity by giving equa! treatment to National Theater and Academy told many It's part of the United States counter­ all nurses and medical specialists serv­ interested Senators and Representatives the offensive against Soviet cultural propaganda. ing in the military services, but it ap­ story of ANTA's work in this country and And the rave reviews and enthusiastic audi­ abroad. In particular a 40-theater circuit ence response is awakening Washington to pears that if the military services recog­ plan was discussed to vitalize the living the fact that exporting culture pays off. nized this highly specialized training on theater at the grassroots of our own coun­ Before summer's end, more Americans will an equal basis, it would serve as an try. have sung, danced, acted, and otherwise added incentive to male students to en­ Recently, Brig. Gen. David Sarnoff made performed abroad than ever before in time ter nurse's training schools and would a historic speech for a broad United States of peace. 1955 CONGRESSiONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8389 They're being financed in part by funds No Government funds were available at theatrical companies, musicians, and ath­ appropriated by Congress last · August. the time the project was launched at the letes over the face of the world, virtually Credit is due the American National Theater suggestion of the French Ministry of Fine unchallenged in their claims of superiority and Academy (ANTA) which is spearhead­ Arts last fall. to the culture of the "decadent capitalist ing the State Department's United States CHARTERED IN 1935 world." Recently the Red Chinese have elbowed drive. Salute, although independently financed, BIG ARTISTIC SMASH into the act, with the successful Paris run is now an integral part of ANTA's Interna­ of a Peiping theatrical troupe which had Currently the big United States artistic tional Exchange under impresario Robert C. never before performed outside China. smash in Europe is Salute to France, a pri­ Schnitzer, aided by United States Ambassa­ The Communists are working hard to vately :financed ANTA project which is offer­ dor C. Douglas Dillon. Most of the groups perpetuate the myth-widespread among ing Parisians the New York City Ballet plus appearing in Paris will now be sent on to many otherwise sophisticated Europeans and top stage productions of Oklahoma!, Medea, other European capitals, financed, if need be, Asians-that the United States is a nation and the Skin of Our Teeth. by Washington. of gadgetmakers, clever in turning out bath­ In addition, the program for France in­ A private nonprofit organization, ANTA has tubs and overdecorated automobiles, but bar­ cludes the touring Philadelphia Orchestra, been operating under congressional charter which has already scored a signal triumph, barians in their indifference to the finer since 1935 for the purpose of widening inter­ products of the mind and spirit. and a visual arts exhibition organized by est in the theater. After a number of lean the Museum of Modern Art. years, it now has a membership of 2,000 indi­ Now at last the United States is striking ANTA's international exchange program back with what amounts to exploratory raids viduals and theaters in the United States, by a few cultural commandos. The money calls for sending the New York Philharmonic Hawaii, and the canal zone. Orchestra to Europe, the Ballet Theatre to For the past 5 years, ANTA has expedited so far assigned to these operations is petty Latin America and Martha Graham's dancers the exchange of performing arts between cash by comparison with outlays for mili­ to the Orient. America and foreign countries. During that tary and economic programs abroad, but it Now touring the Far East for ANTA is the time it has sponsored United States partici­ has produced results little short o~ amazing. American Symphony of the Air, the orchestra pation in the Berlin Festivals of 1951- 53, the In order to conduct the program through created by the now retired Arturo Toscanini. Paris Festival of 1952, the Denmark-Hamlet private channels insofar as possible the State It was a sensation in Japan. Festival of 1949, and the Ballet Theatre's Department has been working with the United States performers have made a good 1950 European tour. Amerioan National Theater and Academy, a impression abroad, have outshone closely­ nonprofit organization, headquartered in New guarded Russians by mixing socially. THE SFORTING THING To Do York. The ANTA acts as agent, selecting the best talent to send abroad, and arrang­ Success of United States artists as good­ Some of the best salesmen for the United will ambassadors has pointed up the recom­ ing the overseas bookings through its inter­ States way of life have been American ath­ national exchange program. mendation of William Randolph Hearst, .Jr., letes sent abroad by the Amateur Athletic editor-in-chief of the Hearst newspapers, To get the facts about the new American Union in cooperation with the State Depart­ cultural export program, Milwaukee Journal who last February 28, on his return from ment. Russia, urged establishment of a National bureau men in Washington and New York Among them are two great Negro track talked to State Department officials and per­ Planning Board to win the battle of com­ stars, Mal Whitfield and Harrison Dillard, petitive coexistence. sonnel of the American National Theater and both two-time Olympic champions, who got Academy. Their stories appear below. WHAT WE MUST DO tumultuous r~eptions in tours of Africa and Noting the stress the Russians were giving South America. to cultural propaganda outside the Iron Olympic diving champion Maj. Sammy (By Laurence C. Eklund, Journal Washing. Curtain, Hearst told the National Press Club Lee, an Army doctor of Korean parentage, ton Bureau) in Washington: was similarly hailed when he performed in WASHINGTON, D. C.-There is a growing "The lively arts are another field wherein the land of his ancestors. feeling here that in the prosecution of the the commissars are operating with the pro­ Still another goodwill athlete is the Rev­ cold war not enough emphasis is being placed fessed intention of proving • • • that Rus­ erend Robert Richards, the preacher who upon some of the ideological aspects of the sian achievements surpass the West. won the Olympic pole vault title in 1952. world struggle. The complaint is that the "Ballet, theater, literature-all are shaped The athletes won friendship for the United finest products of American civilization, of toward aiding communism's long-range states by being free and easy mixers, lectur­ the artistic variety, are too little known scheme of world domination • • • . It is not ing, and ~oaching native youngsters wherever beyond our shores. enough for us to advocate and appropriate they went. Something ls now being done about this large sums for foreign military and economic deficiency with the help of President Eisen­ aid and think we have met the challenge." WHEN MUSIC BROKE THE ICE hower's emergency fund for international More recently Brig. Gen. David Sarnoff, of A sample of how exporting our culture can affairs, a $5 million purse appropriated by the Radio Corporation of America, called for assist in cementing relations with our allies Congress last August "to meet unusual cir­ a competitive coexistence strategy board was vividly demonstrated in Iceland early cumstances arising in international affairs." along similar lines. this year. PORGY AND BESS TOURED MEDITERRANEAN United States funds now available for Since the establishment of United States sending performing artists abroad are a mere Th3 President asked that the fund be bases on this key outpost of Atlantic defense, used as "seed money" for two purposes: To $2,500,000. Startlh:Jg contrast with Soviet Russia and the local Communists have con­ expenditures is shown in figures of the In­ encourage American industry's participation ducted a continuous propaganda offensive, in international trade fairs and, second, to stitute of International Education. In 1950 stirring hatred of American troops stationed the Russians spent $150 million for cultural support an expanded program of perform­ there. ances overseas by outstanding American propaganda in France alone, with 2,000 art­ The Soviets strengthened their campaign ists touring there. current Soviet spending musical, acting, dancing, and performing with a parade of artists and intellectuals who groups a~d sports figures. This year the is at the rate of $1½ billion a year for all toured the island to acquaint the population propaganda activities. money has been equally divided between with Russian culture. these two phases. · · United States performers may prove our United States-Iceland relations were at best envoys in winning friends and influenc­ The most spectacular success of the pro­ their lowest when ANTA sent famed violinist gram so far, in the eyes of the State De• ing people. But this will require much more Isaac Stern and pianist Ervin Laszlo on con­ money than we've put up so far. partment people in charge, has been the cert tours, highlighting the works of Ameri­ 9-week tour of Yugoslavian and Mediter­ As one Cairo newspaper commented on can composers. ranean cities of the Porgy and Bess Co. Porgy and Bess: Iceland's hearts were thawed, relations Communist propaganda long has fostered "If this is propaganda, let's have more have been less frigid since. the notion that American Negroes live under of it." United States Minister to Iceland John J. the conditions described in "Uncle Tom's Muccio announced the impact of the recitals Cabin." But the talented, well-educated, How ANTA GOT THE BALL ROLLING upon the Icelandic people was " the greatest ·· and prosperous Negro actors in the Gershwin Uncle Sam's homegrown artists are carry­ of any to date." opera refuted that propaganda. They did ing Broadway lights around the world on a much to overcome the impression that Ne­ scale wider than ever before: [From the Milwaukee Journal of June 12, groes in America are a persecuted race. 1955] Until Congress stepped in with funds to PRAISED BY NASSER help finance American groups, export of UNITED STATES CULTURAL COMMANDOS Porgy and Bess was in Europe anyway last United States art was carried out on a meager ABROAD winter, but the State Department and the scale, financed by the American National An American cultural counteroffensive­ American National Theater and Academy Theater and Academy out of its own pocket. quietly and somewhat timidly launched by made it possible to extend the show's tour The current "Salute to France'' now going the United States State Department in co­ to such cities as Zagreb, Belgrade, Alexan­ over big in Paris is being backed by funds operation with private groups-is gathering dria, Cairo, Athens, Tel Aviv, Barcelona, and raised by an ANTA committee under Robert worldwide momentum. Naples. The company had 14 curtain calls W. _Dowling and Mrs. H. Alwyn Innes-Brown, For too long, many observers feel, the the opening night in Zagreb and a half­ president of the Greater New York chapter. Russians have paraded their ballet troupes, hour ovation on closing night. 839ff CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-· HOUSE June 15-

In Cairo on their last day, the Porgy and· besides, ls sponsoring the current· American ARRANGEMENTS Bess performers were summoned to President Salute to France. This endeavor is supple­ By Ralph E. Becker, Leo Brady, Jay Car­ Nasser's office to receive his personal expres­ mentary to ANTA's efforts on behalf of the mody, Richard Coe, William Coyle, Patrick sion of appreciation. Even a Communist pa­ Government-subsidized program of sponsor­ Hay·es, Herman ·Lowe, James O'Neill. per in Italy called the show one of the mas­ ing United States musicians and other artists terpieces of the lyric stage. The American on tours abroa d. PROGRAM OF ENTERTAINMENT Tony Donadio, Virginia Bradley Keefe, show will close its European travels in Ant­ WISCONSIN WORKS SHOWN IN PARIS werp June 30, having played · 24 stands on Rickie Rudel Kubiak, Carole Macho, Dee Mc­ the continent and in Africa. Joining with ANTA in the current attempt Hugh, Danny .Ruslander, Sid Seidenman, Jr., Next the State Department and ANTA are at carrying culture to the Parisians is the at the piano. sending Porgy and Bess on a four-month Museum of Modern Art, which recently sent over 500 art objects that ranged from paint- · GENERAL COMMITTEE South American tour to open in Rio de Ja­ Harry Anger, Dr. Robert Baier, Ralph Bel­ neiro, Brazil, on July 4. ings to cake pans. Among these examples of American life that were presented to the lamy, Byron B~ntley, Arthur Bergman, Jack Perhaps an even more surprising smash J. Blank, Hon. and Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss, hit has been scored abroad by the American French were pictures and models of some of Frank Lloyd Wright's works, including the Roy Bode, F~ank Boucher, Bernard Bralove, Symphony of the Air, which the State De­ Richard Brecke, Joseph D. Brennan, Barnee partment-ANTA program is currently spon­ Johnson Wax Co. tower at Racine, as well as a wire abstraction by former Milwaukeean Breskin, Julius Cahn, Dr. Josephine Callan, soring on a Far Eastern tour: Japan, Korea, Warren Caro, Pat Carroll, Msgr. John Cart­ Okinawa, .Formosa, Manila, Hong Kong, Sing­ Richard Lippold, called Variation No. 7: Full Moon. wright, Ethel Casey, Milo F. Christiansen, apore, Bangkok, Colombo and Honolulu. Mrs. Blake Clark, Anita Colby, James E. The 94-piece orchestra is being transported French critics did not greet the museum's offerings with universal acclaim by any Colliflower, Dr. Ann Cooke, Jack Cost, Dr. in a single military plane, a huge C-124 James R. Costello, Mrs. Rose Cowan, William Globemaster. means, but ANTA is hoping for better luck with its share of the venture. The first of Coyle, Orville Crouch, Therese Marie Cuny, SYMPHONY OF THE AIR CAPTIVATED JAPAN its offerings was a series of three concerts by Hon. Edward M. Curran, Mary Tinley Daly, The reception in Japan, where no major the Philadelphia Orchestra under Eugene Clarence Derwent, Robert W. Dowling, Alvin western symphony orchestra had ever played Ormandy. Currently showing are eight per­ Ehrlich, Mark Evans, Robert Farquharson, before, was beyond the sponsors' wildest formances by the New York City Ballet, with Irving Feld, Israel S. Feld, Bernie Ferber, dreams. Every performance was sold out Maria Tallchief-an Indian maiden and Zelda Fichandler, Arnold Fine, David Finley, weeks before the orchestra arrived. Con­ therefore about as American as you can get­ Jack Foxe, J. George Frain, George Freedley, certs were played in every major Japanese and Andre Eglevsky. Eddie Gallaher, William Graham, Thomas city. Scalpers were getting $25 for $5 tickets Next Tuesday through Saturday, Judith Groom, John Hayes, Melvin Hildreth, Orville· for opening night. Anderson will star at the Theater Sarah A. Hitchcock, Burl Ives, Francis J. Kane, Car­ Thousands of Tokyo schoolchildren stood Bernhardt in Robinson Jeffers' Medea, a roll Kearns, Edward J. Kelly, Walter· and in line all night to buy student tickets. Or­ poetic recreation of the Greek classic that is Jean Kerr, Scott Kirkpatrick, William E. chestra members got writers cramp signing considered one of the high points of Amer­ Leahy, Herman Levin, Monroe Lippman, Mrs. autographs for 1 to 3 hours after each per­ ican theatrical history. And 10 days after Florence Lowe, James Magner, Hazel Markel, formance. Restaurants refused to accept Medea closes, the Sarah Bernhardt will be Hon. James P. McGranery, Simon F. McHugh, money for the meals served to the musicians. the scene of Thornton Wilder's The Skin of Dr. Howard Mitchell, George Murphy, Robert The Symphony of the Air is the former Our Teeth with a cast headed by Helen V. Murray, Hon. George D. Neilson, Lee Nor.;· NBC orchestra which was under the baton of Hayes and Mary Martin. · velle, Bibi Osterwald, Maxwell Rabb, Isadore Arturo Toscanini. It ls being conducted on Rappaport, Bryson Rash, James Reilly, the tour by Thor Johnson of the Cincinnati NEXT WEEK: OKLAHOMA! Horace W. Robinson, Mrs. H. Chapman Rose, symphony and Walter Hendl of the Dallas From June 20 to July 3, the theater Robert Ryan, Ernest Schier, Hazel Scott, symphony. Johnson is a native of Wiscon­ Champs Elysees will echo to the unaccus­ Samuel Selden, Elton Sheiry, Bess Schreiner, sin Rapids, Wis., and each summer directs tomed strains of songs about corn that's as Hon. Samuel Spencer, Milton Starr, ·c. Y. the Peninsula music festival at Fish Creek high as an elephant's eye, and the advantage Stephens, Ben Strauss, Irving Strouse, -Leo in Door county. of doing your courting in a fringe-topped Sullivan, Don Swann, Jr., Willard Swire, Hon. surrey. What the Parisians will make of Edward A. Tamm, Fra:p,k Thompson, Pierson STRESS UNITED STATES MUSIC Rouben Mamoulian's staging of Oklahoma! Underwood, Mrs. Martin Vogel, Gerald Wag­ The symphony has been playing much is still a moot question. ner, Thomas Whelan, George P. Wilson, Jr., American . music on its tour, particularly The theatrical organization has raised over Duke Zeibert. Gershwin's, and its beauty has amazed Asi­ $300,000 to send its salute to France, mostly atics who had been told by the Communists from sources in the theatrical, labor, busi­ that American culture consisted of comic ness, and society world. The Government is books and gangster movies. all for the project, but hasn't kicked in a Continued Preparedness Essential to The first group of performers sponsored dime to help this particular phase of the under the President's fund was Jose Limon's cultural export program. National Security troupe, a top American modern dance com­ Washington has come through with some pany, which _toured South America last No­ cash for a somewhat similar venture in which vember and December. ANTA has a hand: however. · EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF FROM ELEANOR STEBER TO SAUTER-FINEGAN As an example of the kind of thing that The Jubilee Singers, a famed Negro choral is being done under this program, take the HON. W. STERLING COLE group, toured Near and Far Eastern cities case of "Porgy and Bess," which made a under the cultural program, and United Government-subsidized tour of the eastern OF NEW YOR~ States track and field stars toured Latin and western Mediterranean. The results IN THE -HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES were good, as indicated by the reaction of America following participation in the pan­ Wednesday, ·June 15, 1955 American games in Mexico. A soccer team one Cairo reviewer. picked by the American Amateur Athletic "If this is propaganda," he wrote, "let's Mr. COLE. Mr. Speaker,. under leave Union spent a week in Iceland, where soccer have more of it." to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I is a national sport. include the following address I deliv­ Among other endeavors that the State De­ TESTIMONIAL LUNCHEON FOR FATHER GILBERT ered at the graduation exercises of the partment-ANTA team plans to sponsor are HARTKE, 0. P., JUNE 14, 1955, NATIONAL Industrial College of the Armed Forces six concerts by Eleanor Steber, the opera PRESS CLUB on We_dnesday, June 15: star, in Yugoslavia. Officials also are con- IN HONOR OF FATHER HARTKE , sidering--on a somewhat different cultural Members of the class of '55, your fami­ plane-backing a Latin American tour by the As a tribute to his cultural contribution lies 11,nd friends, Admiral Hague, and the Sauter-Finegan orchestra, to the community and the Nation as head of faculty of the Industrial College of the the department of speech and drama at Armed Forces, heartiest congratulations to Catholic University, and as founder of Play­ all of you on this greatest day in the life of (By Robert W. Wells, Journal New York ers, Inc., with its national touring company­ any school. Bureau) now in its seventh season-and its summer It is my understanding that the mission NEW YORK, N. Y.-If the French aren't companies at St. Michael's Playhouse, of this college is to prepare its graduates, forced to agree this summer that the United Winooski, Vt., and Olney Theater in Olney, civilian and military, for important com­ States produces something besides H-bombs, Md. mand, staff, and planning assignments in politicians, and Coca-Cola, it won't be the And as a tribute to his personal contribu­ economic management of the public admin­ fault of the American National Theater and tion to all of us as priest and man. istration of our Federal Government so as to Academy. . · In the hope that this occasion wm. en­ obtain the maximum effective use of our That institution, with the support of most ~ourage him to realize a permanent repertory natiqnal resources during any emergency, segments of the local theatrical world and company to lteep alive in the Nation's Cap­ I .am further told that this great institution the assistance of some private pocketbooks ital the enduring treasures of the drama. has as its motto the statement that "Indus- 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8391 try and defense are inseparable." No person and rockets. Military technology has wit­ well-nigh impossible to carry out as a prac­ with the slightest understanding of the na­ nessed also a revolution in firepower. Permit tical matter. ture of modern warfare could take exception me to draw an historical analogy. The ret­ Yet a third advantage lies with the Soviets. to that motto nor could any such person ribution inflicted upon Germany during For a full generation the Russian people exaggerate the importance of the mission of World War II through bombing raids was have been denied the rewards of the tre­ this college. beyond question terrible to contemplate. mendous industrial. revolution which has It is in a way one of the great paradoxes Yet 6 yea.rs of sustained bombing was· needed taken place within the Soviet Union. They of modern world politics that the United to bring Germany's industries to a halt. To­ have been denied the material comforts States of America-the most advanced in­ day, a single plane, with a single hydrogen which we Americans take almost for grant­ dustrial Nation in the world-has been at weapon, can carry a destructive cargo whose ed-our automobiles, our refrigerators, and the same time the Nation which found itself force exceeds that of all the bombs dropped our television sets. Instead, the ominously least prepared to mobilize its national re­ by all the planes of the Allied Nations upon increasing industrial output of Soviet fac­ sources during times of emergency. This all of Germa.ny throughout all of the Second tories has been channeled overwhelmingly was true during the First ·world War, when World War. into the production of the goods of war. we discovered that the process of converting Today, 100--or even fewer-nuclear bombs The Soviets now produce only half as much from a peacetime to a wartime economy was actually dropped on the urban and indus­ steel as we do, and their total electric­ far more difficult than we had ever imagined. trial targets of our Nation might well suffice generating capacity is less than one-third This was true also in World War II, when to destroy our civilization as we know it. the size of ours. However, a far greater almost a full year elapsed between Pearl In a matter of days; or even hours, every in­ proportion of their industrial output goes Harbor and the time when our munitions dustrial complex in our Nation might be directly to their armed forces, and this fact permitted us to begin taking the initiative destroyed. serves to cancel out the advantages which on the far-flung battlefields of that conflict. The moral of this for mobilized planning is might be ours because of our more pro­ It was true also in Korea, when our meagerly amply clear. Today, our Nation confronts ductive economy. equipped forces were almost hurled into the a situation in which mobilization after hos­ A final advantage enjoyed by the Soviets sea before we could stabilize the battlefront. tilities begin might well be impossible-a and their satellite nations is · their decisive A historian could no doubt advance good· situation in which we would have to fight superiority in number of men now under reasons to account for America's traditional a war with the materiel and munitions avail­ arms. In Western Europe, for example, 42 unpreparedness in times of conflict. We are, able on the day the complex started. NATO divisions confront 175 Communist di­ after all, a Nation of profoundly pacific peo­ Naturally, no man can predict the future visions, and the disparity between the size ple. We will fight--and fight with all our with certainty. It is conceivable, in the of the arms of the free and slave worlds hearts and might--when the survival of free­ years ahead, that the prospect of an all-out on a global scale is at least as great. dom is clearly at issue. Yet it has not been atomic war may be so appalling, for all the As against these considerations, however, our way to prepare in time of peace against belligerents concerned, that even the most we, ourselves, possess certain deeply impres­ the threat of war. We have been spared the hardened aggressor would be reluctant to sive advantages. I will ignore for the mo­ historic animosities and the age-old rivalries commit his atomic stockpile to battle. It is ment the great contributions which our which have for so long plagued Europe. Nor therefore conceivable that future warfare allies are now making to the common cause have we ever taken naturally to the impres­ will take the pattern of past conflicts, and of the defense of freedom. I will also ignore sionable calculations of balance of power that our Nation would again have time to the fact that this cause is a good cause politics. We might say, with a Gen. "Jeb" mobilize after the outset of hostilities. But which can command the allegiance of men Stuart, that -wars are won by getting there national defense planning must be based on of good will, and which will eventually pre­ "fustest with the mostest." But our record the worst, and not the best, of possible con­ vail. I will confine my remarks instead to of performances was actually quite differ­ tingencies. As realists, I think we must prer the material indexes of national power. Our ent. In time of war, we have never been sume that post-hostilities mobilization great material advantage in the contest with "fustest." Instead, we have prevailed by would be impossible, and that preparedness the slave world, of course, has been the size, getting there eventually with the "mostest." against the threat of war must take place the productiveness, and the overall excel­ After hostilities began, we were able to con­ in tim'? of peace. lence of our American economy. Even here, vert our industries to the production of What this amounts to is no less than a. our superiority is not as great as it once was. munitions, and to begin a trickle of war histor!c change in the balance of world Our annual output of goods is increasing, goods which eventually flooded into a tor­ politics and military power. Hitherto, we rapidly, but not so rapidly as in the Soviet rent and overwhelmed our enemies. could always increase-even justify--0ur Union. Nonetheless, we are still able to out­ Historically, in short, our Nation has en­ comparative weakness in time of peace by produce-to manufacture more and better joyed the tremendous advantage of what has asserting that no other nation could match goods than the Soviets-virtually across the been termed a cushion of space and a cushion the output of our munitions factories in board. It is not without reason that Ameri­ of time-time which sufficed to awaken a time of actual war. We could argue, in the can industrial productiveness has been called slumbering America, time which permitted councils of the world, that aggre.ssors would the free world's trump card in its struggle us to mobilize the unparalleled national re­ indeed be foolish to goad the American in­ against the foes of freedom. sources and the tremendous productiveness dustrial colossus into action-and we could Our task today and in the future is to of our Nation on behalf of the production of point to the results of two wo1·ld wars in make sure that our productiveness contin­ armaments. When our Republic was found­ supporting our contention. . ues to be such a trump card. ed, weeks, or even months, of travel separated Today, however, such arguments carry far I am not one of those who maintain that our country from the cockpit of Europe's an­ less weight. Today, we must-presume that the recent Moscow flyovers mean that we tagonisms and rivalries. Three thousand a nuclear Pearl Harbor, if carried out with have suddenly lost our air-atomic superior­ miles of the Atlantic Ocean stood between us skill and ruthless determination, could pre­ ity. But neither will I seek to minimize and any potential European aggressor. On vent the military potential of our Nation the serious future implications of the recent the west, the vast stretches of the Pacific plane demonstrations within the Soviet from being translated into guns and tanks Union. The plain fact of the matter is that stood as a shield between us and the Japanese and bombs. Today, in other words, the real we have once again underestimated Soviet Empire. As a result, we were not required to yardstick of national military strength must technical competence and progress. We un­ match the military strength of our potential more and more be measured in terms of derestimated their progress in 1949 when rivals during time of peace. Our needs were strength before the onset of actual conflict. they exploded their first atomic bomb long far less demanding-a navy strong enough How do we now compare with our Soviet before the anticipated. date. We underesti­ to defeat any expeditionary force which ·rivals when measured by this yardstick? In mated their progress in 1953-when the So­ might be launched against our own shores, such a comparison, certain advantages ap­ viets achieved a thermonuclear explosion and an army sufficiently powerful to fight pear to lie with the Soviets. only 9 months after our first full-scale hydro­ a delaylng action against an aggressor while A dictatorship can always have a more gen test. ·And we again underestimated we converted from a peacetime to a war­ flexible-and on the surface, at least--a their progress 2 months ago, when the So­ time footing. more unified foreign policy than a democ­ viets displayed fighter aircraft of impressive But today, we can no longer enjoy such racy. The Soviet dictatorships need not be appearance and when they flew operational a. cushion of space and time. In this age concerned with public opinion. Far more numbers of long-range jet bombers way be­ of jet bombers, only a few hours separate us readily than we can, they can mobilize their fore we expected them to be in existence. from the long-range air force of our Soviet resources toward any objective at any time. None of this should give us cause for rivals. And if the intercontinental ballistic Contrasted with this, our democratic proc­ unreasoning panic. As of today, I believe missile comes to fruition, as it ultimately ess-which must harmonize sectional inter­ that our Strategic Air Force is superior­ will, our cushion of time will be measured­ ests in a larger national interest, and which both in overall quality and quantity-to that not in months, days, or hours-but in depends for its support on an informed of the Soviet Union. Moreover, I believe minutes. public opinion-must oftentime appear in­ that as of today we are substantially ahead Nor is this all. It is no secret that mili­ decisive and confused. of the Soviets in the efficiency, versatility, tary technology has witnessed a revolution Moreover, the Soviets could, if they choose, and number of our nuclear weapons. in delivery systems-as manifested in the attack our own Nation with no warning But you will note that I have said "as tra.nsition from naval vessels to conventional whatsoever. For ·a 'democracy, such a course of today" in making these estimates. In my aircraft to jet bombers and now to missiles of action would be morally repugnant and opinion, ~e cannot assume that our present 8392 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 15 margin of superiority over the Soviets in Conference Report, H. R. 1 Analysis of Agricultural Appropriation military technology will cont inue into the future. In my opinion, we cannot take it Act, Public Law 40 for granted that-say in 1960-we will still EXTENSION OF REMARKS be ahead in the race for technological dis­ covery. In my opinion, a continuation of OF EXTENSION OF REMARKS the present trend may mean, although not OF necessarily, that 5 or 10 years hence Soviet HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN HON. BARRATT O'HARA weapons systems may be ahead of ours, OF MASSACHUSETTS both qualitatively and quantitatively. I OF ILLINOIS fear, in short, that unless we are able to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES employ our economic resources more skill­ Wednesday, June 15, 1955 fully than we have done in the past, Amer­ Wednesday, June 15, 1955 ica's superiority in military technology-the Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, while Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, free world's trump card-may soon be no the other body has improved this legis­ by unanimous consent I am extending more. lation in some respects, it is still most my remarks to include an analysis of Two weeks ago, Mr. Allen Dulles, the Di­ objectionable since under its opera_tion Public Law 40 prepared for me by Eliza­ rector of the Central Intelligence Agency, many home industries· can and will con­ beth Elward of the American Law Divi­ delivered an extremely important address tinue to be adversely affected. The sion of the Legislative Reference Service, which dealt in part with scientific and tech­ recent adoption of the Swiss and par­ as follows: · nical education in the Soviet Union. I wish ticularly the Japanese trade treaties, that the remarks of Mr. Dulles could be made THE LmRARY OF CONGRESS, required reading for all Americans since they effected after agreement on this bill, is LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE, highlight one of the greatest threats faced by the best illustration of that fact. In Washington, D. C. our Nation today-the fact that the scien­ the Japanese treaty the average de­ Public Law 40, 84th Congress, Department tific and technical gap between the Soviet crease in rates was in the neighborhood of Agriculture and Farm Credit Adminis­ Union and the United States i-s rapidly nar­ of 27 percent and the largest was over tration Appropriation Act, 1956 rowing. Mr. Dulles pointed out that, in 40 percent. Massachusetts industry TITLE I. REGULAR ACTIVITIES the present year, Soviet universities will turn cannot stand against such competition. Agricultural Research Service: out about twice as many graduates in the Salaries and expenses: In the long run American industry can­ Research ______$37,800,000 sciences and engineering as will our own uni­ not stand against it. versities. He went on to estimate that-in The administration supported several Plant and animal disease the decade from 1950 to 1960-the Soviets and pest controL_____ 18, 658, 700 amendments which were protective in Meat inspection______14, 325, 000 will graduate about 1,200,000 students in nature and could possibly give proper the sciences, as compared with about 900,000 direction, strengthen the operation of Total,penses salaries ______and ex- _ graduates in our own Nation. Mr. Dulles 70,783,700 then goes on to say that 'the quality of the the escape clause and the peril-point clause. These amendments were bitterly Payments to states, Hawaii, training in the Soviet Union is of a very Alaska, and Puerto Rico __ 24,753,708 high level. His disturbing conclusion is opposed, let it be noted by those who Foot-and-mouth and other that, unless we quickly take steps to in­ favor unrestricted free trade. Most de­ contagious diseases of crease our own facilities for scientific edu­ plorably, even the amendment protect­ animalssearch______and poultry-re- _ cation, Soviet manpower in vital areas may ing the national security was vigorously 1,900,000 well outnumber ours within the next decade. opposed by confirmed and vigorous ad­ Some skeptics may discount the impor­ Total, Agricultural Re- vocates of such unrestricted free trade. search Service ______tance of this. They may say: It may very In my opinion the bill has not been 97,437,408 well be true that the Soviets can produce improved sufficiently in the other body Extension Service: more scientists and engineers than we can, to warrant the support of those who but will all this be reflected in the end Payments to States, Hawaii, believe in international trade for mutual Alaska, and Puerto Rico_ 45,475,000 products of the Soviet industrial systems­ advantage between our own and other in the quality and quantity of their arma­ Federal Extension Service: ment. I myself believe it will. For example, nations, but oppose opening wide the doors of this Nation to the products of Administration and co- the Soviets, by and large, have moved more ordination ______1,920,000 quickly from the design of prototype weap­ sweatshop and peonage conditions of Penalty maiL ______1,650,000 ons to production levels than we have-and production that obtain in many other ------this at a time when they are well behind countries. Total, administration us in overall industrial competence. Under this bill the industries of my and coordination ___ _ 3,570, 000 My point is this-and I am sure it is a district, State, and region will be at conviction shared by all who are graduating the mercy of foreign imports produced Total,ice ______Extension Serv- _ here today. We can no longer regard eco­ in some instances at wages of 9 cents 49,045,000 nomic mobilization as simply the study of an hour under conditions little, if any, Farmers Cooperative Service_ 408,000 how to convert assembly lines from the pro­ better than slavery. If anyone here or duction of automobiles to the manufacture elsewhere believes that any industry, of tanks in the event of war, with a mini­ Soil Conservation Service: however healthy and vigorous, can long Conservation operations __ ,:. 59,300,000 mum of inefficiency and the maximum of stand up under this type of cutthroat Watershed protection ______12,000,000 speed and economy. Today, the study of Flood prevention ______10,000,000 economic mobilization mu!:)t increasingly be­ competition, I submit that they are not come the study of how, in time of peace, to considering all the facts. TotalService Soil ______Conservation _ operate our economy so that we can stay The present pattern of our interna­ 81,300,000 decisively ahead of our rivals in the excel­ tional trade is a veritable crazy quilt. lence of our armaments, while maintaining, Let me state that I favor trade and Agriculturalgram ______conservation pro- _ to the greatest degree possible, our tradi­ friendly commerce with all nations of 214,500,000 tional American standard of living. Today, good will provided the interests of Amer­ the stockpiling of scientific and technical ican industry and labor and the Nation Agricultural Marketing Serv­ talent looms as important as the stockpiling are not jeopardized. But how can we ice: of critical materials. Today, the proper use possibly justify billions in grants of Marketing research and of scientific and technical brainpower may service: American taxpayers' cash to build up Marketing research and be more vital than the proper allocation of industries overseas in competition with metals and minerals. Today, the search for agricultural estimates_ 11,046,000 Marketing services ______young men and women of talent-the scien­ our own industries and then throw open 11,960,000 tific and technical leaders of the future­ the gates wide for cheaply produced for­ eign goods and products to come into Total, marketing re- may be more important than the search for search and service __ _ new uranium. our markets to demoralize our economy, 23,006,000 stagnate our industries, and displace Payments to States, Terri- You who graduate here today will play a tories, and possessions __ _ 1,000,000 crucial role in determining how well our American workers? School lunch program ____ _ 83,236,197 Nation meets the growing challenge of Soviet In conscience, after careful, mature ------power. Good fortune to all of you, and Total, Agricultural consideration, I cannot subscribe to such 107,242, 197 God's speed in the years ahead. Marketing Service __ _ a policy and program. ======1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8393

Public Law 40, 84th Congress, Department Prohibits payment of salary to officers or of the Nation. They are great Americans of Agriculture and Farm Credit Adminis­ employees who predict the future prices of ever striving to do whatever possible for tration Appropriation Act, 1956-Con. cotton. the betterment of the Nation and the people. TITLE I. REGULAR ACTIVITIES--Continued Prohibits the purchase of twine other than So far as the two personally are concerned, that domestically produced unless the latter Congressman MARTIN summed it up rather Foreign Agricultural Service_ $3, 365, 000 is unavailable. well when he told the Stonehill commence­ Commodity Exchange Au- thority______698,000 Provides that not less than $1,500,000 of ment gathering "As you might imagine, the appropriations for research and service holding the positions we do, there have been work authorized by the Agricultural Market­ some occasions when John and I have had Commodity Stabilization ing Act of 1946 and the act of June 29, 1935 our battles on the floor of the House of Service: (relating to agricultural research) be avail­ Representatives. But though John is and Agricultural adjustment able for contracting in accordance therewith. has always been a hard fighter for his prin­ programs ______39,000,000 Sugar Act program ______Contains antistrike provisions. ciples, he has always been a fair fighter and a 59,600,000 Prohibits the use of funds herein author­ clean one. Our differences have never ized for publicity or propaganda purposes. marred our old personal friendship nor the Total, Commodity Sta- Provides that appropriations hereunder affection and esteem which I hold for him bilization Service __ _ 98,600,000 available for research and service works shall and his good wife." be available for the expenses of advisory Federal crop insurance, sal- CONGRESSMEN MCCORMACK AND MARTIN DE• aries and expenses ______committees esta"blished under the Agricul­ 6,000,000 tural Marketing Act of 1946. LIVER STIRRING ADDRESSES AT STONEHILL Rural Electrification Admin­ ELIZABETH ELWARD, COLLEGE COMMENCEMENT istration: Salaries and expenses ____ _ American Law Division. Two outstanding Americans and states­ 7,680,000 JUNE 1, 1955. Loan authorizations ______(335,000,000) men from Massachusetts, Congressmen JoHN Farmers' Home Administra­ w. MCCORMACK, majority leader, and JOSEPH tion: W. MARTIN, JR., minority leader, were highly Salaries and expenses ____ _ 24,500,000 honored this week at the Stonehill College, Loan authorizations ______(153,000,000) New England's Statesmen North Easton, Mass., commencement exer­ Office of General Counsel_ ___ _ 2,100,000 cises when each was awarded an honorary Office of Secretary______degree of doctor of laws. 2,144,300 EXTENSION OF REMARKS Office of Information ______1,238,000 Both delivered commencement addresses. Library ______OF Congressman McCORMACK touched briefly 659,950 on the atomic age in his stirring address HON. THOMAS J. LANE which follows: Total, regular activities_ 696, 917, 855 OF MASSACHUSETTS Your excellency, Most Reverend Bishop IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Brady, very reverend father president, right TITLE ll. CORPORATE EXPENSES reverend and very reverend monsignori, Commodity Credit Corpora- Wednesday, June 15, 1955 reverend f1:.thers, reverend brothers and sis­ tion: ters, distinguished and invited guests, fellow Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, under leave members of the class of 1955, friends of Restoration of capital im­ I pairment______$1,634,659 to extend my remarks, wish to include Stonehill College, it is at once a high privi­ Limitation on administra- the very laudable article from the col­ lege and a great pleasure to be with you here tive expenses______(26, 000, 000) umns of the Lynn Telegram News, Sun­ today at the commencement exercises of day, June 12, 1955, including the com­ Stonehill College, a pioneer institution of mencement addresses of Congressman its type and quality in southeastern Mas­ TITLE III. SPECIAL ACI'IVITms JoliN McCORMACK, majority leader, and sachusetts and in the diocese of Fall River. Research on strategic and Congressman JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR., I am aware, in view of the presence of critical agricultural ma- my distinguished anc: honored colleague terials______$300,000 minority leader at the Stonehill College, from the 14th District of Massachusetts, Repayment to the Commodity North Easton, Mass., commencement former Speaker MARTIN, that it may also Credit Corporation for erad­ exercises when each was awarded an now be accused of being the conscious pro­ ication of certain conta- honorary degree of doctor of laws. moter and abetter of what our free press gious diseases______5, 788, 897 Thrir inspiring addresses and the edi­ is wont to call the American bipartisan International Wheat Agree­ torial from the Lynn Teleg-ram News policy. ment______57,378,551 I am sure, however, that my honored follows: friend from the Attleboros (as people here­ Reimbursement to the Com- Two GREAT AMERICANS modity Credit Corporation abouts call his home territory) despite any for transfer of wheat . to Stonehill College in North Easton honored partisan differences, will agree with me Pakistan______69,385,831 two great Americans recently as Congress­ today that we are on neutral and somewhat man JOHN W. MCCORMACK, of Boston, House hallowed ground. And that all of us are Reimbursement to the Com- majority leader, and former Speaker JOSEPH humbly proud that, in common kinship we modity Credit Corporation W. MARTIN, JR., of Attleboro, were presented are permitted to participate today in these for emergency feed assist­ ance______42,100,000 with honorary degrees. impressive ceremonies which mark the prog­ In selecting two such stalwart Americans ress and advancement of Stonehill College Reimbursement to the Com­ for recognition, Stonehill did more than along another academic milestone. modity Credit Corporation pay tribute to two of the Nation's most I glory in the background, ideals, and as­ for emergency famine relief astute political leaders. They were honor­ pirations of your college, to which I whole­ to friendly peoples______9, 545, 830 ing two gentlemen who stand for every­ heartedly ascribe. thing that is fine and noble in our land I am here, and happily so. And as all com­ Total, special activi- ties ______184,499,109) today. mencement speakers, I am here in the unen­ In Washington and throughout the Na­ viable position of not merely having to jus­ tion, the names of McCORMACK and MARTIN tify my presence, but, at the same time, I am TITLE IV. FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION are synonymous with honor, integrity, and charged with the task of conveying to my (Administrative expense limitations) character. True they enjoy different politi­ fellow graduates of the class of 1955 some cal opinions, but never can it be questioned message which will more than justify my in­ Administrative expenses_____ ($2,320,000) that each isn't doing what he thinks is clusion within its intellectual ranks. Federal Farm Mortgage Cor- absoltuely best for the United States. I trust you will believe me when I say, more poration______(550,000) It is a tribute to Massachusetts and to out of a sense of inadequacy than simulated. Federal intermediate credit New England that of all the Members of humility, that I realize how little qualified banks------(1,825,000) the national House, two of its sons should one of my generation is to speak with au­ Production credit corpora- enjoy positions of such power and pres­ thority to those of you who, with your con­ tions ------(1,595,000) tige. In the long years of Roosevelt and temporaries, will shape the destiny of the Truman, it was Congressntan McCORMACK generation to come. TITLE V. GENERAL PROVISIONS with his brilliant and intuitive mind You graduate today into what is fearfully Authorizes the purchase of an additional helping shape policy. When Preisdent Eis­ described as the atomic age. In past centu­ 535 passenger motor vehicles for replacement enhower assumed the helm in the Na­ ries, when descriptive terminology has been only, and for hire of such vehicles from ton's Capital, Congressman MARTIN as Re­ ascribed to an era or a period of time, it has appropriations and authorizations herein publican Speaker became a dominant figure. generally been couched in words expressive made. Despite the tremendous importance of of progressive, constructive, or even spiritual Permits the employment of aliens under their respective positions. Congressmen connotations. certain conditions. McCORMACK and MARTIN have always en­ For example, we have all learned in our Allows the expenditure of up to $1 for joyed extreme popularity with Washington history books of the golden ages of Greece each option to purchase land. officialdom, the press, and with the people and Rome, the age of the Apostles, the period 8394 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 15 of the Crusades, the age of the Renaissance, bases of his education and his philosophy, it will remain forever as it is of this mo­ the age of invention, and the era of good and so reform them that, by the light of ment-a source of great satisfaction and will. True, we have also learned of wars and faith and grace, he may come to that more pride. plagues. But these descriptive periods such benign realization that God also created the In its short career, Stonehill College has. as the Thirty Years War and the time of the atom, that as his creation it is basically made remarkable-yes, almost spectacular bubonic plague, have always been limited in good, and that its evil lies only in the per­ progress from the days of its small begin­ concept and duration. versity of its use by man himself. nings. Stonehill is a young, vibrant, thriving It has remained for this generation to come Once man realizes these elemental facts, institution. It has already taken its place forth, unfortunately, with an historical de­ the terrors of the atomic age can be dis­ among the front ranks of American colleges. scription for its time which primarily con­ sipated; and if he will then devote as much Yet however illustrious its progress has been notes destruction and annihilation. time and energy to the science of God as in the past, the outlook for its future is even The ugly and shuddering fact is that to­ he now lavishes on the science of God's more promising. Within the lifetime of these day man can destroy in seconds what it took creation, perhaps harmony and balance shall graduates of today, I predict that Stonehill his fellow man centuries of toil and struggle be restored to the will and intellect which College will be known throughout America as to build. constitute his soul. one of the leading educational institutions in In the past, when inan has plumbed the Unless this harmony and balance are our great Nation. That it is situated within depths of the elements, or harnessed the achieved, the new age will be one of finite· the congressional district which I have the forces of nature, or invented mechanical knowledge without faith, human yearning honor to represent is a source of great gratifi­ contraptions, it has mostly been to achieve without hope, and mere civility without cation and pride, and I know everybody in good ends. Control of fire, harnessing of charity. this section of the State feels richer for its steam, invention of gunpowder, conquest of For, in the final analysis, it is these three presence. the air by flight, undersea travel by sub­ great fundamental, theological virtues which DOUBLY HAPPY marine-all these were principally for peace­ are the crying need of the world today. They need to be inculcated in the schools This occasion is doubly happy for me be­ ful purposes and constructive ends. True, cause Stonehill College has elected to honor indeed, some of them have been perverted and colleges. they need to be practiced in Government, politics, business, the profes­ not only me, but also a close personal friend to destructive uses-but it remains that the of mine of many years-the distinguished atom bomb was conceived and constructed to sions, and in the home. Taken together, their needs must be permeated throughout Majority Leader of the House of Representa­ destroy, and its enormous peaceful poten­ tives, Congressman JoHN W. McCORMACK of tialities are still the subject of our search our society to save our Western civilization and its Judea-Christian foundations. Boston. I am delighted to share honors with and exploration. this outstanding American statesman. This tremendous fact-the fact of atomic You members of the class of 1955 at Stone­ hill College have been thoroughly grounded As you might imagine. holding the posi­ power-produced as the terminating agent of tions we do there have been some occasions the most horrible and devastating ·war in in the wisdom and necessity of these virtues. They are the cornerstone of your education, when John and I have had our battles on history, is at once the fear and the hope of the floor of the House of Representatives. the age it characterizes. the firm foundation of your secular knowl­ edge, the distinguishing mark of your char­ But though John is and has always been a It will continue to be a "fearful thing" if hard fighter for his principles, he has always it is viewed only as a physical discovery and acter. Without them, you would leave here in­ been a fair fighter and .a clean one. Our a mechanistic device with merely material­ differences have never marred our old per­ istic implications. formed but not educated; trained but not disciplined; mentally alert but spiritually sonal friendship nor the affection and esteem On the other hand, I submit that it may unarmed. which I hold for him and his good wife. I be the "hope of our future," if the secrets . Sincere belief in these virtues and dili­ congratulate him upon having been desig­ which it unlocks and the marvelous won­ gence in their practice will convince you of nated to receive a degree from Stonehill. ders of nature which it unfolds, can, as what modern man is now sadly coming to This is a wondrous country. It gives they already have in great measure, under­ realize, and that is, that· he cannot live by youth rare and limitless opportunities. This mine the religious skepticism and phil.. his own standards alone. precious heritage was not easily won. It osophical materialism of modern science. He needs, rather, the inspiration of the came about through struggles and sacri­ As I see it, it is young men and young standards set forth in the canons of 10 com­ fices. It can be sustained only through vigi­ women like you who graduate today, forti­ mandments, in the sublime pattern provided lance and the same patriotic devotion that fied with rightly formed consciences and the by the life of the God-man, Jesus Christ, on brought it into being. armor of Christian education, who can bring earth, and in the sound teaching of Holy You who graduate today are part of the about the ultimate choice of the second, and Mother Church for over 19 centuries. great army of young men and women who far more desirable, alternative. You here today, with the deposit of learn­ are going forth into the world to bear its out of the welter of destruction it has ing imparted by your dedicated teachers, and burdens, to enjoy its benefits, and to share wrought, out of the sense of awfulness which by the example you can give as truly educated its responsibilities. You can make this an it inspires, nuclear knowledge and its cosmic citizens, can help enormously in furnishing even richer heritage, or _you can dim its implication may finally bring modern man such inspiration. luster, halt its progress, and eventlally bring to the realization that the periodic tables If you will but do it, and if the rest of your abput its collapse. Yours, indeed, is a great of the elements and the molecular and generation is wise enough to respond to it, responsibility. atomic theories are merely a human dis­ the deadly fears of the "atomic age" will Naturally there exists in everyone the de­ covery of a very small and very finite por­ vanish in a revitalized era of true Christian sire to go ahea4. It is that spirit that has _tion of the infinite intellect of Almighty concord built upon God's ordering in faith, made America the great Nation it is. But God. hope, and charity. in our desire to improve ourselves, we must Such ·realization will. undoubtedly mark To each and every one of the graduating not forget that sometimes when we accept the greatest forward step in the true "EJdu­ class, I offer my sincere congratulations and a personal sacrifice, we may eventually reap cation of this and succeeding generations. best wishes. Yours is an accomplishment of greater benefits if our sacrifices are for the You ·who leave these learned precincts which you may well be proud, You have welfare of our country. today are already blessed with this realiza­ studied and prepared yourselves for the The wise forefathers of this country knew tion. You will discover, however, that the journey through life. Let each of you be that it was not good judgment to inilk a majority of your contemporaries are ignor­ true to yourself, your college, your country, country and jeopardize its stability. They ant of it. and to God. builded the strength of the ~ation and to­ As so eloquently expressed in the state­ I salute you and wish you Godspeed. day it is pretty much the one hope of. the ment of the American hierarchy la.st year­ civilized world. a statement, incidentally, to which our class­ If it were not for the generous and nobt"e mate Bishop Brady was signatory-you will CONGRESSMAN MARTIN'S ADDRESS efforts of the American people we would not find that "it is not that the existence of Congressman MARTIN emphasized in his be in the position we are today-free, strong, God is expressly or generally denied; it is great address the opportunities in a free and looking forward to an. expanding world rather that so many men ignore Him and country in co:1trast with those dominated by that will bring greater benefits to people His law in their absorption with the material communism. He stated "The free world pos­ everywhere. world which he created. There is not yet a sesses certain advantages which our antago­ Following frightful World War II, there deliberate turning away from ·aod, but there nists lack. These advantage·s lie in the fact was litle light, very little hope anywhere. is an excessive preoccupation with crea­ that men and women of every race, of every In nearly every cou11try there was black tures." creed and color, of every nationality are despair. It is this "preoccupation with creatures" spiritual beings." EUROPE ON ITS FEET which the bishops have summed up in the His address follows: Today we find Europe once more able to one word which characterizes our secular Reverend Fathers, distinguished guests, stand on its own feet. There is a higher liv­ age. That word is "materialism,'' and the members of the graduating class, and friends: ing standard in every country outside of the ironic fact is that everything represented This is a fine occasion for me. To ·have been Iron Curtain. Our problem in Europe now by that one word can be blasted into in­ selected to receive the award of an honorary is not to restore prosperity. It is to make finity by the atom bomb. degree from this excellent institution is in .. sure these countries are not gobbled up 1 It is this latter terrible realization which deed one of the finest honors that could be by 1 to the reactionary philosophy of com­ should cause modern man to reexamine the paid to me. Throughout the rest of my life, munism. That is why we have been forced 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8395 ' to contribute to their military armaments­ world. Their purpose is to destroy Christian STRIVE FOR PEACE modern instruments of war which are very . principles and religion, and everything we We must diligently strive for peace. His­ expensive. recognize in America as decent and precious. tory is replete with tragic examples of the These countries at the moment were un­ There may be occasions, suitable to their fact that war does not settle anything. Su­ able to pay the heavy costs of maintaining purpose or the moment, when they will periority in the field of atomic and hydrogen their freedom. And so we helped because appear to deviate from this goal; when they weapons does not necessarily insure victory we did not-yes, we could not bear the whole will appear to be seeking peaceful coexist­ for the ideals of Christian freedom and burden of military defense from commu­ ence and to reduce international tensions. brotherhood over Godless Communist slav­ nism. We aided other countries because we Let us not be deceived by their pious pro­ ery. We must avoid reducing the world to a knew they made our defense impregnable. nouncements. The leaders of the free world radioactive cinder. A united free world cannot be defeated, and will be well advised to appraise their ap­ We can prevent the cold war from be­ so we worked to bring about that necessary parent intentions with the deep suspicion coming a hot war and we can win the cold unity. which their past history warrants. By their war. We can win the cold war with peace­ Now we are beginning to realize the suc­ deeds, ye shall know them. In other words, ful weapons which have not yet been fully cess of our efforts. With Germany once we must not be fooled by them again. employed. more free and able to arm, it is a. much Whenever the Communists indicate they Sometimes I wonder if we have not been stronger free world. A united Germany, desire to reduce international tensions, too much concerned with governments and armed sufficiently to defend its freedom, which they alone have created, we can only too little with people. wfll allow Europe to breathe freely once conclude it is because they fear and respect The free world possesses certain advantages more. the strength of America and the free world. which our antagonists lack. While we rejoice over this progress, our It must be because they fear their own weak­ These advantages lie in the fact that men hearts become heavy when we realize that ness. There can be no other reason. Our country and the other major powers and women of every race, of every creed and Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and other color, of every nationality are spiritual Eastern European nations a.re no longer free. are approaching a conference with Soviet These brave people have fought nobly but Russia. We Americans cannot live alone in beings. No one can be content to live bound without success. Yet they do not despair. the world. We must recognize that our war­ in the chains of slavery if he can achieve They know eventually they will be success~ weary and war-conscious friends overseas freedom. And that is so whether these men ful. Foreign domination of any people is overwhelmingly favor a peaceful accommo­ and women inhabit darkest Africa · or the not in keeping with modern thoughts and dation between the forces of the free world lands behind the Iron Curtain. The soul of hopes. · and the forces of communism. We are not every man yearns for the dignity of liberty. The right to be free, to govern oneself dictators. We are merely partners in a coali­ Still other advantages which the free world in one's own way, is an inherent right of tion of free nations which desire to maintain offers are richer material blessings, more of all peoples. This fight for freedom is a cease­ freedom and peace. the comforts of life, more leisure, more hap­ less one and will never end until real free­ But, as we prepare for this conference, piness. Most of the little luxuries enjoyed dom is enjoyed by all people. let us ask ourselves-why, in view of the by the people of the free world are pro­ Yes, we find gratifica.tion and hope in Eu­ aggressive history of communism, are they hibitively priced in the countries ground un­ rope. But in Asia, we find a situation more willing to negotiate? Can there be any der the heel of . ruthless communism. A tense and more uncertain. It can only be reason other than the fact that they fear 3-ounce cake of chocolate in Warsaw under changed when the free world banishes fear · our strength and their own weakness? I do_ Communist domination costs the American and substitutes rugged courage and de­ not believe so. equivalent of $2. That is just one example termination. They 'fear the inadequacy of their own of life behind the Iron Curtain. The philosophy of Theodore Roosevelt­ domestic economy. They fear their defi­ But the free world offers another advantage "Speak softly but carry a big stick"-is the ciencies in agricultural production. They far more important, of far greater signifi­ doctrine of success. fear that their vast land armies are no match cance, than any physical comfort or con­ for the growing nuclear power of the United venience. It offers men, women, and chil· SACRIFICE FOR PEACE States. 'They fear that when the chips are dren an opportunity to establish a closer re­ We all want peace. We are all ready to down, they will not be able to hold the lationship with Almighty God through our make sacrifices to achieve this end. But we struggling peoples of their satellites who churches and through our prayers. must not make concessions that bring no hate their Soviet masters and who are un­ This story of our advantages is a weapon peace and merely add to the power of the happy and discontented in their servitude. of ideological warfare which can defeat the one to whom we give the concessions. Moreover, they fear the growing military philosophy of communism which is based on Red China wants to talk peace at this power and economic power of the United the thin reed of fear, the secret police, and time; peace that will add to their strength in States of America-which have defied every Godless materialism. Let us put it to its Asia; a peace that will make them eventu­ Marxist prediction of capitalism's collapse. fullest use. If we do, we will not fail. ally the master of all Asia. America cannot Eventually, people in every land will rise and and will not agree to any such terms and FREEDOM FROM STRENGTH So communism will lead from weakness. bless us. Ours is a priceless opportunity for neither eventually will the free world na­ world service, to lead this world of ours to tions that at the moment are cringing before Freedom will lead from strength. finer· and greener pastures. the Red bandits. We must strive constantly to maintain Before we have any discussions with Red that strength. We must seek constantly to China, we have a right to demand that they stay out in front of the forces of communism release au of the American airmen whom economically and with the strongest, best they have illegally imprisoned. We all re­ equipped, and most modern military weap­ Chairman Vogel's Views on TV A Prior to joice in the release of four filers last week, ons. We must never drop our guard. We But why only four? The release of these must be a.lert and on the ready. We must Confirmation Are in Conftict With His airmen, while still imprisoning their fellow be well prepared for any eventuality at any fliers, is a typical example of the cruelty time. And that is what your Government is Actions Since Becoming Chairman of and inhumanity of the Communists. doing. the TV A Board Furthermore, the Communists should im­ Yet I would be remiss in my obligations as mediately release the scores and scores of a Member of Congress if I did not sound a American missionaries and missionary work­ note of warning. We cannot forget that in EXTENSION OF REMARKS ers who were behind military lines when the 36 years the Soviet Government has been OF the Reds conquered China. in power, it has broken every single agree­ Let Red China show by its deeds it has ment or treaty that it has made with the free HON. JOE L. EVINS given up the way of the bandits before we nations of the world; that it has used every OF TENNESSEE talk with them. conference table and every international We hear Russia talk about the admission forum to stall, disrupt, and divide. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Red China to the United Nations. They The entire history of communism from Wednesday, June 15, 1955 seek its admission merely to get another beginning to end reveals no regard for demo­ vote. Yet you hear nothing about the ad­ cratic processes, no respect for law, not a Mr. EVINS. Mr. Speaker, President mission of Italy, Spain, Germany, Japan, single tenet of morality, or a single expres­ Eisenhower indicated, in selecting a suc­ and other countries allied with the free sion of regard for human liberty. cessor to Gordon R. Clapp, farmer Chair­ world. We should strongly advocate their With such a past it is difficult to believe man of the TVA Board, that he would admission 1f we are to achieve the purpose much good can come out of the conference. seek a man for the post whose views for which the United Nations was founded • . It is only because of our ardent desire for coincided with his own. As we view the future, we must face cer­ peace that we grasp every chance to bring tain undeniable realities. We must recog­ it about. We go into the conference aware Following his nomination, General nize, first of all, that the basic aims of inter­ of the difficulties we face. A miracle may Vogel was the subject of close cross­ .national communism have not changed. happen. We hope so, but we must be alert examination as to his views and attitude And they will not change. Their unalter­ and strong. In strength lies our only hope toward TVA and the policy of the law able purpose is to dominate and to rule the for peace. which he was appointed to administer. 8396 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 15, 1955 General Vogel indicated before the He has, according to press reports, as­ normal growth and needs of the area. Senate committee considering his nomi­ sumed the attitude of a dictator and un­ That is how they want it done. nation a belief in the wisdom and feasi­ dertakes to direct and order his fell ow How is President Eisenhower carrying bility of the TVA Act and the soundness Board members. out that pledge? of the public policy expressed in the law. He has spoken adversely and been The people of the area are now con­ He pledged himself to a belief in the severely critical of Citizens for TVA-a fronted with a TVA Board Chairman­ wisdom and feasibility of the philosophy nonprofit citizens group organized to appointed by the President and said to of the TVA law. rally support in behalf of TVA and to "think alike" with the President on I am advised that former 'IVA Chair­ counteract the propaganda efforts of the TVA-who reflects a contrary view to man Lilienthal and former Chairman private power lobby. that originally expressed by the Presi­ Clapp could not have been better pro­ General Vogel has expressed strong dent. TVA witnesses than was Chairman Vogel opposition to TVA spending any appro­ General Vogel, more recently, follow­ a t the time of the Senate confirmation priated funds for receiving and enter­ ing the action of the House Appropria­ hearings. General Vogel, accordingly, taining visiting foreign dignitaries who tions Committee in voting funds to start was confirmed by vote of the Senate view and visit TVA as a program of great construction of the Fulton steam plant, which included the vote of many Sena­ international significance and impor­ testified before the Senate Appropria­ tors from the TVA area. tance. He has referred to visitors at tions Committee arid recommended that Since assuming chairmanship of the TVA as a burden upon the agency. this plant not be built. The about 'IVA Board, General Vogel has evidenced General Vogel has been charged by face of the general indicates that he an about-face attitude with respect to Chairman CANNON . of the House Appro­ possesses traits of an earlier noted gen­ TVA. He has disagreed violently with priations Committee with attempting to eral in this country. t he majority membership of the Board. establish a one-man dictatorship in TVA General Vogel was appointed to the He has advanced the Dixon-Yates management by securing from the Bu­ TVA Board for a specific purpose and he scheme-the so-called "partnership" in­ has with apparent willingness become reau of the Budget a recommendation of the pliant tool of the Bureau of the vasion of the integ1ity of TVA. a $100,000 contingency fund for the pur­ He has opposed increased appropria­ Budget whose ultimate goal is the scut­ pose of establishing a separate manage­ tling of TVA, the throttling of its pro­ tions for TVA programs. ment staff to report directly to him­ He has advanced and advocated the grams, the milking of its corporate funds, this clearly being an effort to establish the raising of the rates to the consumer, Corps of Engineers contract method of for himself additional powers as chair­ construction for TVA rather than the the reducing of the TVA to the lowest man and to short circuit or scuttle the possible book value-thus permitting its use and employment of the TVA 's force joint efforts of the other Board method of construction. ultimate capture and sale by private members. power trusts and utility holding com­ He has favored reduction of the ferti­ In a speech on October 23, 1952, shortly panies. lizer and resources development pro­ The utilities, which the late Wendell gram for TVA. before the national election, General Eisenhower stated: · Willkie represented, sold their limited He has suggested that TVA reduce its holdings to the Government and now resources development work, turning River development projects, such as TVA, they wish to recapture the rich assets of these programs over to State conserva­ should be worked out in the way the people of the region want it done. TVA at a minimum cost--thus reaping tion departments. huge profits at the expense of the Gov­ He opposes the promotional work of The people of the area want it done ernment, the taxpayers of the Nation TVA-advocating that thes,e educational the way the TVA has operated in the and the consuming public. functions of TVA be performed by local past and by building the necessary gen­ Chairman Vogel is aiding their ob­ chambers of commerce. erating capacity to take care of the jective to this end.