Index

Aalof, in Horn Romances, 24, 85; in Ro• Amis e Amilun (AN), 6, 104, 117-28 mance of Horn, 25-26 Anarchy, 19 n Abnegation, Christian, 12, 94, 109-17, Ancestors, English, 15, 23, 55, 67, 76, 1 197 ׳85 219-20 ,62 ,128-29 Achievement, personal, 2, 25, 37, 104, "Ancestral romance," theory of, 12, 135; barony and, 44, 83, 217, 223; reli• 16-18, 41 n, 86 gious values and, 101-2, 219, 222; so• Andreas Capellanus, 136, 2ion ciety and, 12, 13-14, 84 Angevin court, 2, 28n, 142n; centraliza• Adultery, 179, 183, 187-88, 211 n tion under, 7-8, 19, 21, 59, 141; in• Ailmar, in King Horn, 24 fluence on romance, 2-3, 11,133, Albini family, 16-17 144-46, 216 Alexander, 107-8. See also Anglo-Norman Anglo-Norman "Alexander," The (Thomas "Alexander," The; Kyng Alisaunder of Kent), 92, 107-8, 130, 216 Alexandrines, in Romance of Horn, 28, 30 Anglo-Norman literature, 2-3, 12, 28n, Alexis, Saint, 109-15, 128, 219 92, 132, 145 Alienation in love, 151-52, 168, 171, Anglonormannische Boeve de Haumtone, 184, 187-88, 194-97 Der (AN), 6, 13, 105; ancestral theory Alliterative verse, 76, i9on and, 16-17; heritage in, 55-61, 218; Allof, in King Horn, 33 style of, 75, 76, 78, 80-81 Amadas, in Amadas et Ydoine, 179, 198- Anglo-Norman romances, 3, 9-18, 83, 99, 221; love and, 181-86, 188, i96n, 135, 180; baronial issues and, 19-24, 200 76, 85-86; courtliness and, 136-37, Amadas et Ydoine, 6, 136, 139; exem- 211-12, 214, 221; insularity and, 1, 6, plarity in, 203, 221; knighthood in, 216-17; religious influences on, 92, 198-99, 200; ideal love in, 179, 181- 220. See also specific romances 87, 188, 194, 196 n, 212 Anglo-Norman Voyage of St. Brendan, Amiloun (Amilun), in Amis and Ami- The, 102 loun romances, 92-93, 117-19, 121- Anjou, 145 24, 127-28, 129 Anonymity, 109, 111-13, 129. See also Amis, in Amis and Amiloun romances, Disguise 92-93, 117-20, 121-25, 127-28, 129 Aquinas, Thomas, i86n Amis, in Guy of Warwick, 65 Aquitaine, 145 Amis and Amiloun (ME), 103, 104, 117- Archbishop of Canterbury, in Athelston, 28, 193, 217, 219-20 71, 72, 93, 125-27, 129

253 Index 254 Index 255

Argentine, in Lai d'Haveloc, 40, 41, 46, Bédier, Joseph, 188-89,1 91 Chandos Herald, 199, 202 Daniel, Arnaut, 3 52 n Belisaunt, in Amis and Amiloun, 119, 121 Chastity, 210-11 n David of Scotland, 201 Aristocracy. See Barony, English; No• Bellatores, 6, 176 Châtelain de Couci, 21m Death, 51 n, 139, 152, 154-56, 183, 185, bility, French Benoît de Sainte-Maure, 3, 161 n Chaucer, Geoffrey, 93-94, 142, 180, 202 199 Arnould, E. J., 100 Benton, John F., 143n Chelrey, Edmund, 22-23 n Dégrevant, Sir, 66n, 67, 179, 210-nn Arnulf of Guines, 175, 176, 201 Bernart de Ventadorn, 3 Chevalier de la Tour Landry, Le, 202П Delbouille, Maurice, 184 n "Art d'aimer Anglo-normand, Un," 179 Beroul, 148 n, 152 Children, 65, 124-25, 128; continuity Dembowski, Peter F., 132 2 Ф, 56-57, 89; killing Denmark, 41, 45, 47, 49, 84, 87 4 ,26-27׳ ,Arthour and Merlin, 10 Bevis, in Beues of Hamtoun, 53, 82-83; and Arthur, 141, 197-98, 199 exile and return theme and, 55 n, of, 51, 119, 120, 121, 123, 129 Deschamps, Eustache, 142, 201-2 Arthurian legend, 141, 144, 197-98 76-78, 87-88; justice and, 54, 58-59; Childress, Diana T., 103, 109 Disguise, 25, 76, 184; in Ipomedon, 158, 1 Arthurian Oath, 178 nationalism and, 60, 61-62, 67, 86; Chivalry. See Knighthood 159-60, 162-63, 64, 169-70; knights Arundel (horse), in Bewes of Hamtoun, society and, 84, 218, 219; religious Chrétien de Troyes, 3, 89 n; on love, 168, in, 197, 213 187, 188, 194, 207 Divine intervention, 103, 107, 118, 220; 59, 61, 67, 105 values and, 63-64, 68, 102, 104-6, 12 5 ,122-23 , 108,114-15 ,׳Arundel (place), in Boeve de Haumtone, 107, 109. See also Romance of Sir Beues Christ, parallels to, 38, 120, 125, 187 as guide 16, 17, 56 of Hamtoun, The Christian church, 92, 94-96; reform in, 129 Athelstan, King, in Gui de Warewic, Bigod family, i6n 11, 12, 93, 97-100, 131-33, 219; secu• Divine power. See Providence lar values and, 15, 51 n, 71, 72, 105-6 65-66; in Guy of Warwick, 85, 113 Bilingualism, 4-5, 10, 217. See also Divorce, 185-86, 201 n 5556n־Athelston, 13, 85, 87n, 90, 103; justice Language Christian principles, 135, 136, 197, 217, Donnei des amants, Le, i 219; brotherhood and, 117-18, 124- in, 54, 69, 71-72, 74; religious values Blanche of Lancaster, 202 Doubling, in thematic development: ex• 25; secular values and, 96-97, 103-4, amples of, 24-27, 4111, 62, 170, 174; in, 93, 117, 125-28, 129 Bloch, R. Howard, 7П, 90, 138, 171, 105-7, 131/ 221 heritage and, 42, 54, 87-88 Athelston, King, in Athelston, 69, 71- 174 n Chronicles, 11, 12, 14-16, 43, 85, 96, Dreams, 59 n, 87; in Amis and Amiloun П׳ Bloomfield, Morton W.102 126-27 ,93 ,85 ,72 Athelwold, in Havelok the Dane, 44, 46 n, Boase, Roger, 138 n 145, 175-76, 178, 180, 197-202, 215 romances, 119, 122, 125; in Romance 48 n, 130 Bodel, Jean, 13 Class consciousness, 46-47, 52, 66, 88, of Horn, 26 n, 34 n Dru la reine, 159, 163, 164 43 , 8-9,22-23 ,־Abulf, in King Horn, 34, 194 Boeve, in Boeve de Haumtone, 55-57, 60, 223; mobility and Auchinleck manuscript, 21, 74, 75, 189, 80-81, 89. See also Anglonorman- 180 ,177 ,90 ,45. See also Barony, En• Duby, Georges, 8n, 32, 89, 139 n, 175 n, glish; Bourgeoisie, English; Nobility, 187-88 i9on, 192-93 nische Boeve de Haumtone, Der French Auerbach, Erich, 101 n, 134, 135 Bone amor, 136-37, 138. See also Courtly Duchess of Calabria. See Fere, in Ipoma- don; Fiere, la, in Ipomedon Authorial comment, 27, 80, 147, 173, convention; Fine amor Clémence of Barking, 102 Duel, judicial, 37, 65, 72, 123 186, 213; in Ipomedon, 139, 160-62, Boniface VIII, 197-98 Clifford, Sir Lewis, 202 Dunn, Charles W., 53 n 165, 174, 203 Born, Bertran de, 3, 54-55, 140 Cligès (Chrétien de Troyes), 158, 187,188 Durlac (C) manuscript, ii7n Autonomy, 61, 83, 163 n; baronial, 18, Bouchard, Constance В., 143П Coleman, Janet, 180 n, 214 n 60, 142, 222-23; destiny and, 32, 52, Bourgeoisie, English, 15, 176, 179, 217; Combat of the Thirty, 199, 200 93, 172, 174, 186; religious values mobility and, 44, 180, 215; values of, Confession, in church, 93, 99, 100 Edelsi, in Lai d'Haveloc, 41, 49n, 58 Conjointure, 139, 147 Edgar, King, in Beues of Hamtoun: jus• 83 ,52 ׳and, 114, 117, 128, 129, 219; society 47 Conte, 139, 147 tice and, 58, 61, 69, 87; society and, and, 101, 119 Bradmund, in Beues of Hamtoun, 68 Council of Lambeth (1281), 99 83, 84, 219 Auvergne, 145 Brangien, in , 149, 152 n Council of Oxford (1222), 99 Edgar, King, in Boeve de Haumtone, 56, Braswell, Laurel, 96, 103 n Courtly convention (courtliness), 9, 35, 57n, 60-61 Baltof, in Romance of Horn, 28 Brengwain, in , 193-94, 195 66, 135-37, 189, 215; accommodation Edmund, Saint, 125, 126-27,12 8 Barlow, Frank, 7n Brotherhood, in romances, 93, 117-28, to, 163, 172; adaptation of, 12, 142, Edward I, 48 n, 60, 197-98 Barnie, John, 202 n 129, 131, 220 176-78, 202-6, 209-14, 221-23; ideal Edward III, 178, 180, 197 Baronial reform movement (1258-67), Bueve de Hantone (OF), 55-56 vs. practice, 135-36, 173-74, 179» Edward the Confessor, 15 22, 48, 61 n Bureaucracy, state, 19-20. See also Cen• 187, 201, 220 Eleanor of Aquitaine, 2-3,144, 145, i46n Barony, English, 6-10, 75, 85-86, 90, tralization, of government "Court of Chivalry" (1386), 180 Elstrude, in Chronicon Ghisnense, 201 140, 216-17; centralization and, 97, Burley, Walter, 109 n, 218 Credenhill, 144 Emotion, 51, 78-81, 119-20, 191; in 137, 141-42; class consciousness Burnley, J. D., 167 Ipomedon, 164-66, 168, 169; in King and, 43-46, 47, 179-80; ideals of, Criseyde, in Testament of Cresseid, 124 Crusades, 59, 60, 93, 106-7 Horn, 30, 33; in Tristaru, 151, 153 11-12, 32, 39-40, 52, 101, 214-15, Calabria, 159 Curia Regis, 97 Eneas, 187 n 222-23; legality and, 36-38, 48-50, Capaneus, in Ipomedon, 159-60, 169, Enéas, 3, 158, 166 n 69; national feeling and, 59-62, 209 n Cursor Mundi, 96 Custom, 14, 19, 38-39, 74, 87; justice England, 11-12, 15, 140-41, 145, 211; 65-67, 74, 83, 218-19; rights of, Capetian court, 141 linguistic development in, 1-6, 9, 13-23, 58; social behavior and, 176- Capgrave, John, 102 and, 23, 64, 69. See also Legality 78, 198, 202-3, 211, 212, 221 Catherine, Saint, 111-12 216-17; national feeling in, 60, 65, Daire of Lombardy, in Ipomedon, 168, 84, 222; religious values in, 132-33, Barrow, Sarah, 160 Centralization, of government, 7-8, 209 n 219; social order in, 45, 90, 176-77, Baugh, Albert Croll, ion, 75n, 19m 19-22, 90, 218-19. See also National Dame de Civile, in Boeve de Haumtone, 214. See also Barony, English; Feudal Beauchamp, Guy, 197 feeling 57n system, in England Becket, Thomas, 131 Champenois literature, 3 256 Index Index 257

Epic, 11, 12, 14, 28 n, 89, 218, 222 FitzBaderon, Gilbert, 144 Gui, in Gui de Warewic, 65-66, 78-79, Hirsh, John C, 45 Ernie, R. E. P., 53 FitzGilbert, Constance, 43 208 History of Fulk Fitz Warine, The, 6n, 13 Estoire des Engleis, U (Gaimar), 15, 40, Fitz Warin farriily, 17, 58, 68, 70 Gui de Warewic (AN), 13, 21, 75, 104, Hodain, in Sir Tristrem, 193-94 43 Florie, in Amis e Amilun, 119, 121 198; ancestral theory and, 16, 17, 197; Hoepffner, Ernest, 184 n Eustace, Saint, 102, 105, 115-16, 128 Floris, in Floris and Blancheflur, i8jr\, love in, 194, 196, 208; secular themes Holden, A. J., 4m, i72n Eustace d'Aubrichecourt, 200-201, 214 196 in, 62, 65-66, 78-79, 111 "Homiletic romance," 127, 130, 219 Evans, W. O., 136 Floris and Blancheflur, 196, 210 Guillaume d'Angleterre, 92 n Honor, chivalric, 110, 177, 199-200 Everett, Dorothy, 76 Folie Tristan d'Oxford, La, 155 n, 158, 184 Guillaume le Clerc, 98 Horn, in Horn romances, 24-25, 52, Exemplarity, 81-82, 103, 119, 130-31, Fouke le Fitz Waryn, 6n, 13, 16-17, 21, Guy, in Guy of Warwick, 53, 62-67, 77П, 76, 88, 104; heritage and, 41, 55, 82, 221; naturalism and, 203, 209-11, 218; ancestry in, 54, 57-58, 59 85, 221-22; justice and, 54, 69, 79-80, 83, 84; justice and, 40, 54, 59, 217-18 214, 215; secular ideals and, 109, 186, Fourth Lateran Council (1215), 99, 100 87; love and, 58, 196-97, 208; nation• Horn, in King Horn, 27-34, 38-40, 88 198 France, 18, 132, 140-41, 176-77; elitism alism and, 59, 60; religious values and, Horn, in Romance of Horn, 25-27, 31, Exemplary romances, 92, 94-96, 105, in, 211, 216, 221; linguistic develop• 104, 109-15, 117, 128-29, 219; secu• 34-38, 87, 110, 194 107, 2i4n; secular values and, 101-4, ment in, 1-2, 5-6. See also Nobility, lar values and, 74, 83, 84, 92-93, 218; Hue de Rotelande, 139, 181, 183, 203- 128-31, 219 French self-development of, 81-82, 198-99. 7; literary tradition and, 135-36, 142, Expulsion and return, motif of, 24-25, Francis, Saint, 111 See also Romance of Guy of Warwick 187-88; on ideal vs. practice, 146-47, 40-42, 54, 62, 87-88; baronial con• Frappier, Jean, 15 m Gyclif, 197 158-62, 170-73, 179, 208-13, 220- cerns and, 18, 23, 74, 76-77 Froissart, Jean, 178n, 200-201, 215 21; insularity and, 143-44, 174- on Fulk Fitz Warin, in Fouke le Fitz Waryn, Hadermod, in Romance of Horn, 27, 34П violence, 166-69, 196-97 Fabliaux, 9, 96, 143, 162, 167, 171 74, 77n; heritage and, 55, 57-58, 83, Haderof, in Romance of Horn, 26 Hugh de Hungrie, 146-47 Faith, 100; divine sanction and, 125- 219; justice and, 54, 68, 69-70, 87, Hagiography, 12, 92-94, 107, 222; na• Huizinga, Johan, 178 n, 202 30, 223; exemplarity and, 133, 221- 217-18; nation and, 60, 67, 84, 86; re• tionalism and, 59, 60; secular values Hume, Kathryn, 118 22; heroic identity and, 76, 77 n, 104, ligious values and, 63-64, 104 and, 101-5, 109-19, 126-33, 219-20 Humor, in romances, 28, 158-59, 162 117, 196-97; love and, 179, 186, 195, Fulk romances. See Fouke le Fitz Waryn; Haidu, Peter, 163 n Hunlaf, in Romance of Horn, 24, 25, 26, 208; secular values and, 12, 74, 101, History of Fulk Fitz Warine, The Hall of statues, in Tristan, 149, 154П, 36,87 105-6, 118, 125-26; service and, 62, 194-95 Hunt, Tony, 146 n 92, 110-11, 219-20 Gaimar, Geoffrey, 15, 40, 43 Halverson, John, 43 n Hurley, Margaret, 132 n Family, 88, 218; defense of, 24, 37, Gamelyn, in Tale of Gamelyn, 73-74 Hanning, Robert W., 163 n, 170 n Hynes-Berry, Mary, 30 59-61, 142; love and, 63, 188, 194; re• Ganim, John, 213 n Harris, Sylvia, 146 Hyperbole, 31, 119, 201, 203 ligious values and, 112-13, 115, 131, Gawain, i87n; in Yvain and Ywain and Haskin, Dayton, 130 n 219, 222; stability of, 18, 25, 38, 74, Gawain, 207 Haveloc, in Lai d'Haveloc, 41, 45-46, Ida of Boulogne, Countess, 175, 201 93. See also Lineage Generosity, 130 n, 195 49-50, 87 Identity, personal, 11, 13, 184; religious Fealty, 37, 54-55, 58, 65, 188; oath of, 7, George, Saint, 59, 60, 104, 105, 107 Havelok, in Havelok romances, 52, 54, values and, 102,111-15, 128-29, 18, 41, 84 Germany, 106, i32n 85, 88, 89; justice and, 58, 59, 83, 217 219, 222 Felice, in Gui de Warewic, 208; in Guy of Gesffl Romanorum, 124 n Havelok, in Havelok the Dane, 42, 44-45, Individuality, 142, 163 n, 199. See also Warwick, 62, 113, 114, 196, 208 Gestes des révoltés, 14, 137 46-47, 49; heritage and, 51, 84; reli• Autonomy Fenice, in Cliges, 187 Gevard, Abbot, 94 gious values and, 116, 129-30. See Inheritance, right to, 54, 61, 64, 74, Fere, in lpomadon, 205-7, 208-10 Gilimot, son of Thomas, 27 also Lay of Havelok the Dane, The 87-89, 168; baronial concerns and, Festländische Bueve de Hantone, Der (OF), Giraldus Cambrensis, 109 n Henry II, 2-3, 131, 140-41, 216; baro• 18-20, 23, 55-57, 83, 101, 219; exter• 55-56 Gist, Margaret Adlum, 136 n nial concerns and, 7, 19-20, 68; pa• nal threats to, 27, 32-35, 73, 84; le• Feudal system, in England, 2, 11, 16, Gloucester, Earldom of, 146 tronage and, 17-18, 28n, 144-46 gality and, 14, 37, 40-42, 48-50, 74, 87, 135, 223; baronial power and, Godard, in Havelok the Dane, 48, 50, 51, Henry III, 17 68-69; nation and, 39, 67, 86, 223 ׳heritage and, 58, 84, 129 Henry de Newburgh, 16, 17 Injustice, 68-69, 84218 ,152 ,85 ;74 ,40 ,37 ,32-35 ,13 41, 54-55, 57; love and, 188, 197; God of Love, 62, 171-72, 179, 202 Henry of Bracton, 48 Innocent III, 98 royal control and, 7, 18-22, 58-61, Godrich, in Havelok the Dane, 46 n, 48, Henry of Huntingdon, 15 Inquisition, 100 64-65, 84, 218 5in Henryson, Robert, 124 Interdict of 1208-1213, 98 Feudal system, in France, 2, 18, 140- Gog, 108 Henry the Younger, 17, 28n, 140-41 lpomadon, 205-7, 209, 213 41, 176-77. See also France Goldeboru, in Havelok the Dane, 40, 42, Hereford, 146, 161, 216 lpomadon, 198, 202-6, 212, 213, 215 Fiere, la, in Ipomedon, 159-72, 187, 188, 46 Herefordshire, 144, 161 Ipomedon, 146, 158-60, 162-72, 206, 204-6, 207n, 208 Gower, John, 202 n Heresy, 100, 101 210 Fikenhild, in King Horn, 24, 32, 34n, 38 Gradon, Pamela, ion Hereward the Wake, 15 Ipomedon (Hue de Rotelande), 158-74, Fine amor, 102, 136-38, 213; behavior Gray, Sir Thomas, 201 Heritage. See Inheritance, right to 203-4, 216; authorial attitude in, and, 135, 143, 149, 179; passion and, Green, Dennis Howard, 173-74 Herland, in King Horn, 34 n 135-36, 139, 144, 186; love in, 6, 181, 12, 151-54, 166-67, 170-71; skep• Grim: in Lai d'Haveloc, 40, 41, 45, 52 n; Heroes, insular, 18, 80-83, 199, 216- 196, 204-6, 209-12, 220; social be• ticism about, 148, 174, 188, 193; so• in Havelok the Dane, 50 23; exemplarity and, 133, 181, 203, havior in, 179, 198 cial order and, 58-59, 63, 183-84, Grimsby, 85 212-13; secular values and, 58-59, Ireland, 37, 39 190, 221; suffering and, 156-57, 187, Gudreche, King, in Romance of Horn, 25 70, 128-29, 172. See also specific heroes Irony, 28, 96, 174 n, 187, 221; Amadas el 195, 212, 220 Guernes de Pont-Sainte-Maxence, 5 Higden, Ranulph, 109 n Ydoine and, 179, 181, 183, 186; Index 258 Index 259

Irony (continued) Lai d'Haveloc, Le (AN), 3n, 13, 18; in• Lineage, 22, 36, 41-42, 53, 84-85; con• Melior et Ydoine, 177 ,Menard26-27 , , 3Philippe2 , 160 n, 161 n, 165,18׳ 55-57׳34־ ,lpomadon and, 203, 207, 212; in Ipome- heritance and, 40-42, 43, 45-46; so• tinuity of don, 158-59, 169, 204-5 ciety and, 49-52, 87 217,88-89; heroi c purpose and, 12, 170 n Ismene, in Ipomedon, 162, 165-66, 167 Lai du Cor, 163 n 218, 219, 223 Merchant class, English. See Bour• Isolt, Queen, in Tristan, 144, 148-52, Lai of Baltof, in Romance of Horn Llewelyn, Prince, in Fouke le Fitz Waryn, geoisie, English 186, i87n, 196; suffering and, 153- (2782-844), 28 69-70 Meyer-Lindenberg, Herlint, 40 n 57, 182-85, 194 Lais (), 95, 141 n Lombardy, 119 Middle English literature, 3, 12, 75-76, Isolt of Brittany, in Tristan, 146, 149, Laisse, 27-28, 75, 78 London, 144, 217 92, 132 150, 151, 152, 190 Laity, in church, 93, 94, 98-101, 131, Lorraine, 16 Middle English romances, 4, 13-14, 83, Iseut, in Sir Tristrem, 195 219 Louis XI, 124 n 133; baronial issues and, 9-12, 21- Isumbras, in Sir Ysumbras, 115, 116-17, Lambert of Ardres, i76n, 201 Love, 12, 13-14, 43n, 76, 175-76, 24, 76, 86, 180; idealism and, 136-37, 128, 129 Lancelot, 163 200-202; in Amadas et Ydoine, 179, 139, 188, 202n, 211-12; insularity Land, 25, 63, 83, 90, 218; baronial con• 182-88, 221; in Guy romances, 62- and, 1, 6, 216; religious influence on, Jaufre, i24n cerns and, 6-9, 20, 49n, 53, 64-65, 63, 77n, 208, 221-22; in Horn ro• 92, 220; style in, 28-30, 43, 191-92, 21021 See also specific •׳ Jauss, Hans Robert, 11, 130 101, 217; heritage and, 27, 32-33, mances, 25-27, 30, 34-35, 39; in 206-7, 3 Jealousy, 76, 151, 220 37-38; royal control and, 14, 18-19, Ipomedon romances, 139, 162-72, romances Jean de Meun, 171 23, 56, 68, 85; stability and, 39, 52, 174, 204-10, 212; in Tristan, 139, Military power, 8, 32, 34, 138, 180, in Si217-18r Tristrem; baron, y and, 20, 85, 176; as; ׳Jean le Bel, 199 87-88 147-57, x7422°/! 18 John, king of England (historical), 17, Landholders. See Barony, English 190-91, 194-97, 212. See also Courtly heroic combat, 25, 58, 83, 200; reli• 58,98 Langland, William, 124 convention; Fine amor gious values and, 104, 109 John, King, in Fulk romances, 57-58, Language, 5, 70-74, 126; Anglo- Loyalty, 30, 121, 177, 183, 185, 188, 221. Mills, Maldwyn, i3on 219; justice and, 68, 70, 84, 87; cen• Norman dialect, 1-6, 9, 23, 30, 133, See also Brotherhood, in romances Misogyny, 187-88 tralization and, 60, 86 145; English, 2, 5, 9-10, 23, 133; Lunete, in Yvain and Ywain and Gawain, Morality, 38, 92; inheritance and, 27, John du Plessis, 17 French, 1-6, 9-10, 23, 43, 133, 217 194, 207 33, 48, 51-52, 65; love and, 152, 188; John of Gaunt, 202 Lanzelet (Ulrich von Zatzikhoven), 163 n religious values and, 12, 103-4, 220 ׳25־John of Salisbury, 109 n, 218 Largesse, lyon, 140-41 McFarlane, K. B., 8n 107-9, 120 Josian, in Boeve de Haumtone and Beues Laudine, in Yvain, 194, 207 Madness, 183-85, 221 Mortimers of Attleborough, i6n of Hamtoun, 55n, 58-59, 105 Lavinia, in Enéas, 165, i87n Magna Carta, 20n, 21-22, 58, 90 Muscatine, Charles, 163 n, 174 n Justice, 14, 23, 67-74, 88; inheritance Lay of Havelok the Dane, The (ME), 21, Magog, 108 and, 36-37, 54, 89; providence and, 216; emotion in, 78, 8on; religious Maine, 145 Narrators. See Authorial comment 41, 42, 48, 111, 126; royal control and, values in, 102, 129-30; secular themes Maistre 's Roman de Rou (Wace), 15 National feeling, in romances, 12, 14, 20, 38, 84, 217-18. See also Legality in, 40-52, 73, 84 Manuals of instruction, Christian, 48-49, 74-75, 86, 87, 135; romance ,heroes and, 39, 59-62, 65-67, 82-83 100 ׳99 ׳Lea, Henry Charles, 100 93-94 Kaherdin, in Tristan, 149 Leach, MacEdward, 118 Map, Walter, 5, 141, 161 221-22 Kantorowicz, Ernst, 48-49 Leaf and Flower, parties of, 142 Marc, in Tristan, 141, 149, 152, 184, 190 Naturalism, in style, 9, 50-51, 203, Keen, Maurice, 181 n, 200 n Lef, Gordon, 101 Marcher lords, 58 209-11, 212, 214-15 Margaret de Logy, 201 Neckham, Alexander, 109 n ;׳121 ׳ xl9142 79 ,67-74 ,16׳ ,Kelly, Douglas, 147 Legality Ker, William Paton, 134, 135 class consciousness and, 44, 52, 83; Margery d'Oilly, 16, 17 Newburgh family, 16, 17 Kilgour, Raymond Lincoln, 178 n, 202 fealty and, 16, 54-55, 58; inheritance Marie de France, 3, 5, 95, 148 n Nobility, English. See Barony, English King Horn (ME), 21, 24-25, 38-40, 84; and, 23, 40-41, 48, 87; prosperity Mark, in Sir Tristrem, 190, 195 Nobility, French, 7-8, 89-90, 176-78, style in, 27-35, 82 and, 7-8, 14, 90; royal control and, Marmion, William, 175-76, 178, 200 187; idealism of, 138-42, 214, 221 Kingship, 49, 68-69, 9° 18-21, 36-37, 84, 85, 217-18 Marriage, 5, 25, 38, 63, 210 n; barony Norfolk, 41 Klausner, David N., 103, lion Legge, Maria Dominica, 7n, 28 n, 96, and, 19, 40, 63; chivalry and, 159, Norham CaStle, 176 Knighthood, 32, 137, 158-59, 210; baro• 107, 173, 181 n 167-68, 205, 207; love and, 136, Norman Conquest, 1-2, 15 nial status and, 6-7, 9, 12, 140-42, Legibus et Consuetudinis Angliae, De 149-54, 179' 201-2, 221; religious Normandy, 2, 59, 132, 145, 216 177-81; ideal vs. practice in, 146, (Henry of Bracton), 48 values and, 41, 102; women and, 34, Norman literature, 3 147, 198-202, 213-15; love and, 139, Léonin d'Inde Majeur, in Ipomedon, 46, 187-88 Normans, 2, 15-16, 216 Marshal, William, 20 Nugis Curialium, De (Map), 141 2°6 ׳orders 159, 164, 168-69, *7° ;221 ,207 ,175 ,172-74 ,163-67 of, 9, 178, 199, 214; religious values Leprosy, 119, 122, 123, 124-25, 128, Martin [Weiss], Judith Elizabeth, 56n Mason, Emma, i7n Oaths, 41, 131, 178, 198-99; in Amis 190 ,129 ׳ and, 104-9, xl3116-17 Knight of Curtesy and the Fair Lady of Levy, Brian Joseph, 41 Mathew, Gervase, 136 and Amiloun romances, 123, 124; in 12 Faguell, The, 211 n Life of the Black Prince, The (Chandos Matilda, in Fouke le Fitz Waryn, 58 Athelston, 71, 126-27, 9 Kohler, Erich, 89, 174 n, 189, 203 n Herald), 199, 202 Mauron, 178 Oilly family, 16, 17 Kratins, Ojars, 103 Life of St. Catherine, The (Clémence of Mehl, Dieter, 50-51, 6in, 85n, ii7n, Old French romances, 1, 3-4, 132, Kyng Alisaunder, 107-8, 130 Barking), 102 i32n, 19111; on exemplary romances, 141-42, 158-59; courtliness and, Life of St. Katherine, The (Capgrave), 102 96 n, 103, 109 173-74, 179, 211, 221; divergences Lagarde, Georges de, 100-101 Lincoln, 41, 45-46, 216 Meisel, Janet, i7n from, 83, 136-39, 145-46, 173, 187, Lai del Desire, 141 n Lindsey, 41 Meleager of Sicily, in Ipomedon, 159 216; love and, 13, 148, 187, 202n, 211; 260 Index Index 261

Old French romances (continued) Provisions of Westminster, 22 Romance of Tristran, The (Beroul), 152- Self-development, 88, 223; love and, 222 nobility and, 89-90, 214. See also Ro• Prowess, 32; barony and, 142, 172; he- • 53 138, 148, 171, 200, 201, 208-9, ; mances, courtly roic service and, 76, 80, 83, 164, Romances (genre), 10-11, 13-14, 83, religious values and, 82, 103; society and, 83, 199 ׳174 ׳158-59 ׳37! ׳Order of the Garter, 178, 199 168-70, 196, 209; love's effect on, 12, 128-33, 134-35 Order of the Star, 178 138, 187, 201, 220 211-13, 217-23; and generic mix• Sensuality, 162, 165, 172, 204 Orme, Nicholas, 200 n Pseudo-Turpin MS (ca. 1214), i7n ing, 14-15, 92-94, 101-4, 127-28, Sermons, 93, 94, 99, 219 Osney, 16 222-23 Sexuality, 34, 46, 76, 188; passionate, Otes de Pavie, in Guy of Warwick, 70 Queen of Sicily, in Ipomedon, 146-47, Romances, courtly, 12, 62, 134-46, 173, 12, 137-38, 150-51, 162-63, 167, Owein, in Amis and Amiloun ro• 159, 167 211-15, 220-22; social behavior and, 207 n, 220 mances, 119, 122 Question d'amor, 148, 202 176, 179-80, 198, 202-3, 209. See also Short, Ian, 143 n Owst, Gerald R., 96, 131 specific romances Sigar Estai, in Lai d'Haveloc, 52 n Raison, 184, 185-86 Romances, Old French. See Old French Sigfried, in Chronicon Ghisnense, 201 Sir Dégrevant. See Romance of Sir Paganism, 25-27, 33, 35 n, 104 Ramsey, Lee C, ion romances Painter, Sidney, i7n Reforms, political, 19-22, 37, 48-49,61 n Romances, pious, 12, 92-133, 134, 219, Dégrevant, The Parody, 159, 160, 162-63, 173 Reinbrun, in Guy of Warwick, 62, 65, 222. See also specific romances; Faith; Sir Gowther, 92 n Sir Tristrem, 158, 181, 184, 188-98, 203, Identity, personal 3" ׳"Parson's Tale (Chaucer), 93-94 75 Romances of English heroes, 16, 28 n, 212 Partenopeus de Blois, 95, 158, 166 n Reinhard, J. R., 181 n 35, 86-90, 130-31, 217-19; cen• Sir Ysumbras, 95, 96, 115-17, 220 Pathos. See Emotion Religious commitment. See Faith tralization in, 12, 97; class conscious• Social behavior, 11, 135, 197-98, 214, Patrimony. See Inheritance, right to Remy, Paul, 124 1 ness in, 42-44, 47, 52, 66-67, !80; 217, 221. See also Courtly convention Patronage, 16-18, 144-45, 97 Repetition, 26, 29-30, 5on, 78, 125, 150 heritage in, 32, 40, 53-54, 74-75; le• Social integration, 101, 212; in love, Payen, Jean-Charles, 75,173 Revenge, theme of, 18, 35, 41 n, 64, gality in, 21, 23, 58, 68-72; society 139, 171, 194; religious values and, Pearsall, Derek, 102, i8on, i9on, i92n 73- 74; in Bevis romances, 76-77, in, 13-14, 83, 137; style of, 27, 30- 103-4, 111, 117 Peasantry, 43, 44-46 105; in Horn romances, 25-27, 32- 32, 78, 80, 134. See also Anglo- Social order, 2, 30, 40, 44, 91, 223; bar- 104 ׳37 ׳Penances, 152, 154, 220 33 Norman romances; Middle English ony and, 11, 23, 52, 218. See also Perroy, Edouard, 8n Richard I (Coeur de Lion), 19, 124 n, 10 romances Class consciousness Peter of Blois, 101 n 145n; in romances, 68, 106-7, 9 Southampton, 16, 85 Peter of Langtoft, i98n Richard II, 178 Roman Curia, 97 Southern, Richard W., 7n, 99-100 Petit Brut d'Angleterre, 85 Richard Goer de Lyon, 106-7 Roman de la Rose, Le (Jean de Meun), Speculum Gy de Warewyke, 197 Phallic metaphor, 172 Riedel, Frederick Carl, 186 n 171 Philip Augustus, 106-7 Speculum Vitae, 96 Rigmel, in Romance of Horn, 24-26, 46; Roman de Renart, Le, 171 Philip IV (the Fair), 37 n Spirituality. See Faith love and, 28, 30, 34-35, 39, 194 Roman de Rou, Le (Wace), 15 Philippa of Lancaster, 142 Staines, David, 43 n Rimenhild, in King Horn, 24, 29, 32, 38; Roman de Thèbes, Le, 3, 158, 161 Pickford, Cedric E., 192 n Stevens, John, 207 n love and, 30, 34, 88,194 Roman de Tristan par Thomas, Le (Thomas Piety, 121, 125, 131, 219, 220; heroic ac• Statute of Marlborough, 22 Robant, in Boeve de Haumtone, 5jn of Britain), 135-36, 139, 144, 158, tion and, 63-64, 92-93, 104 Stimming, Albert, 75 Robert le Diable, 92 n 189; love in, 6, 146-57, 171-72, 181, Piramus, Denis, 95 Subinfeudation, 19 Robert Manning of Brunne, 189-90^ 182-84, 194-95; ideal vs. practice Suddene, 26, 34 Placidas (St. Eustace), 102, 105, 115-16, 193 in, 174, 186, 187, 203, 211-12, 220 Suffering, 51, 80n; in brotherhood, 104, 128 Romance of Guy of Warwick: The First or Roman de Troie, Le (Benoît de Sainte- 121; in love, 152-57, 162, 183-85, Poitou, 145 14th-century Version (ME), 53-54, Maure), 158 187, 191, 195, 209, 220 exem- Roman de Waldef, Le, 6n, 13, 16, 4111 ;׳7811 ׳ n193׳ Policraticus (John of Salisbury), 218 62-65, 7577 Political power, 11, 25, 8on, 88, 104, plarity in, 81-82, 95, 103, 196-97; "Roman généalogique," theory of, Tail-rhyme, 75-76, 190 n 217; centralization and, 7-8, 22-23, justice in, 69, 79-80; religious values 16-18, 41 n, 86 Tale of Gamelyn, The, 13, 67, 87n, 89, 90; 60-61, 97, 137, 218; claims to, 14, in, 104, 109-15, 208, 219-20; secular Romans d'aventure, 89 ־, values in, 58-59, 60, 74, 87, 111, 217 Round Table, 178, 197 justice in, 54, 7173-74 ;141 ,67-69 ,56-57 ,48-52 ,19-20 courtliness and, 176-77, 221 Romance of Guy of Warwick: The Second or Rumble, Thomas C, 192 n, 195 n Tenure system, 7, 16, 18 n, 55, 57 Poole, Austin Lane, 19 n 15th-century Version, 133 n Terri, in Guy of Warwick, 64, 83, 112 Sabaoth, in Boeve de Haumtone, 56 Pope, Mildred K., 28 n, 34 n Romance of Horn, The (AN) (Thomas), Thomas (poet of Horn romance), 24, Saint Laurent, 16 26-28, 30, 35-36. See also Romance of Powicke, Maurice, 60 13, 18, 24-27, 34-40, 218; love in, 58, Saints' lives. See Hagiography Horn, The Primogeniture, 8, 23 63; secular issues in, 48, 65, 84; style Salter, Elizabeth, 75-76 Thomas de Newburgh, 17 Property, rights of, 14, 44, 65, 223 in, 29, 31, 33, 50, 75, 76, 82 Schelp, Hanspeter, 103, 107 Thomas of Britain, 24 n, 146-57, 160, Protheselaus (Hue de Rotelande), 6n, Romance of Sir Beues of Hamtoun, The Schlight, John, 20 171, 189, 193, 196; on fallibility, 139, i24n, 144 (ME), 41 n, 53, 55 n, 193, 217; justice Schmolke-Hasselmann, Beate, 14m 170, 183, 184, 186, 190-91; historical Provencal literature, 3, 135, 148 in, 58-59, 67-68; national feeling in, Schroeder, Peter R., 206 n tradition and, 135-36, 142, 173, 181, Providence, 103, 118, 121, i3on; confi• 60-62, 66-67, 82-83; religious values Sea, image of, 31-32, 33 187-88, 211-12; on ideal vs. practice, dence in, 23, 35-36, 48; as guide, in, 63-64, 104-6, 107; style of, 54, "Secular hagiography," theory of, 92, 158, 174, 179, 194-95, 213, 220; in- 108, 125, 129; justification through, 74- 78, 8on, 81 n, 87-88 1 ee 103, 115, 117, 127, 219 sularity and, 143-44, 45-46• S 38, 40, 41, 72, 107, 126, 220; power Romance of Sir Dégrevant, The, 66n, 67, Seguin, in Guy romances, 78-79 also Roman de Tristan par Thorns, Le of, 114-15, 122-23, 127-28 179, 210-11 n 2б2 Index

Thomas of Erceldoune, 189 Vows, 199; in lpomedon, 159, 163-64, Thomas of Kent, 24 n, 216 168, 169, 205, 206-7 Thrupp, Sylvia, ion Tierri, in Boeve de Haumtone, 56, 57П, 60 Wace, Robert, 3, 15 Titles, baronial, 19, 23, 63, 223 Wade, 60 "Tomas" (source of Sir Tristrem), 189, Waldef, 15, i6n,-4in, 85. See also 192 Roman de Waldef, Le Topoi, 34П, 143, i66n, 198, 202, 215 Wallingford, 16 Touraine, 145 Warren, Wilfred Lewis, 20 n Tournaments, 140, 142, 158, 214; in Wars, private, 7-9, 18, 58 lpomedon, 159, 166, 167-68, 205; Warwick, 16, 17, 85 knighthood and, 178, 180, 197, 198, Wathelet-Willem, Jeanne, 17 n 199 Wehrli, Max, 132 n Tradition. See Custom Weiss, Judith, 60 n, 61 n Translatio studii, 139 West, Constance Birt, 3n, 92, 109, 136, 179 ׳Treufie, 122-23, 124129 /126 Tripartite structure, 88 Westir, 28 Tristan, in Tristan, 146-57, 163, 186, White Hart, badge of the, 178 187П, 196, 211-12; inconstancy and, Whittington, 57 188, 190, 195, 220; suffering and, Wikele, in Romance of Horn, 24, 25, 26, 38 ,36 ׳See also Roman 35 .194 ,184-85 ,182-83 de Tristan par Thomas, Le Wilde, Oscar, 143 Tristan le Nain, in Tristan, 155 William I (the Conqueror), 7, 17 Tristrem, in Sir Tristrem, 190-91, William II, 15 194-95 William of Albini II, 17 Truth, 122-23, 124, 126, 129; authorial, William of Albini IV, 17, 18 147-48, 161 William of Albini V, 18 William of Malmesbury, 15 Ubbe, in Havelok the Dane, 48 n William of Nassington, 95, 96 Ulrich von Zatzikhoven, 163 n William of Pagula, 93 William of Palerne, 210 Values, Christian. See Christian prin• Wittig, Susan, 30 ciples Woledge, Brian, 143 n Values, secular, 31, 39, 64, 217; Chris• Women, 162, 187-88; behavior in love, tian values vs., 93-97, 101-17, 128- 167-69, 172, 186, 204-5, 211; role of, 31, 219 46, 58-59 Vance, Eugene, 89 n, 138, 187-88 Wymundham, 16 Veraieamor, 136-37, 150, 156 Vie du Prince Noir, La (Chandos Herald), Yder, i66n 199, 202 Ydoine, in Amadas et Ydoine, 179, 181- Vie Seint Edmund le Rei, La (Piramus), 86, 188, i96n, 200, 221 95 Ysonde, in Sir Tristrem, 190-91, 195 Yvain, 168, 207 Violence, 83, 106, 137-38, 168-69, Yvain (Chrétien de Troyes), 194, 207 187-88, 196 Ywain and Gawain, 194, 207, 210 Vitz, Evelyn Birge, 114

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