Dr. Renyu Hu August 12, 2021
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Cosmic Evolution Through Uv Surveys (Cetus) Final Report
COSMIC EVOLUTION THROUGH UV SURVEYS (CETUS) FINAL REPORT Thematic Activity: Project (probe mission concept) Program: Electromagnetic observations from space Authors of Final Report: Jonathan Arenberg, Northrop Grumman Corporation Sally Heap, Univ. of Maryland, [email protected] Tony Hull, Univ. of New Mexico Steve Kendrick, Kendrick Aerospace Consulting LLC Bob Woodruff, Woodruff Consulting Scientific Contributors: Maarten Baes, Rachel Bezanson, Luciana Bianchi, David Bowen, Brad Cenko, Yi-Kuan Chiang, Rachel Cochrane, Mike Corcoran, Paul Crowther, Simon Driver, Bill Danchi, Eli Dwek, Brian Fleming, Kevin France, Pradip Gatkine, Suvi Gezari, Lea Hagen, Chris Hayward, Matthew Hayes, Tim Heckman, Edmund Hodges-Kluck, Alexander Kutyrev, Thierry Lanz, John MacKenty, Steve McCandliss, Harvey Moseley, Coralie Neiner, Goren Östlin, Camilla Pacifici, Marc Rafelski, Bernie Rauscher, Jane Rigby, Ian Roederer, David Spergel, Dan Stark, Alexander Szalay, Bryan Terrazas, Jonathan Trump, Arjun van der Wel, Sylvain Veilleux, Kate Whitaker, Isak Wold, Rosemary Wyse Technical Contributors: Jim Burge, Kelly Dodson, Chip Eckles, Brian Fleming, Jamie Kennea, Gerry Lemson, John MacKenty, Steve McCandliss, Greg Mehle, Shouleh Nikzad, Trent Newswander, Lloyd Purves, Manuel Quijada, Ossy Siegmund, Dave Sheikh, Phil Stahl, Ani Thakar, John Vallerga, Marty Valente, the Goddard IDC/MDL. September 2019 Cosmic Evolution Through UV Surveys (CETUS) TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO CETUS ................................................................................................................ -
Presenting Authors, Co-Authors Abstract Title Abstract in 150 Words Or Less: Institution Z. Brown*, T. Koskinen, I. Müller
Presenting authors, co-authors Abstract Title Abstract in 150 words or less: Institution Z. Brown*, T. Koskinen, I. Müller- A 2D Snapshot of Saturn's Upper Stellar occultations by orbiting spacecraft probe the upper atmospheres of solar University of Arizona Lunar and Wodarg, R. West, A. Jouchoux, L. Atmosphere from Cassini Grand Finale system planets, making them crucial analogs for exoplanets, which cannot be Planetary Laboratory Esposito *presenting author Stellar Occultations explored in the same level of detail. The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) observed UV-bright O, A, and B stars as they passed behind the limb of Saturn, allowing for profiles of density and temperature in the upper atmosphere. By analyzing UVIS stellar occultations from 2016 and 2017, including Grand Finale data, we created the first 2D maps of Saturn’s density and temperature in thermosphere, from which we infer horizontal winds. Our results have implications the "energy-crisis" of the outer planet thermospheres, which are hotter than can be explained by solar heating alone. Our results indicate that Joule heating at auroral latitudes is important and that this energy can be transported to lower latitudes, adding to growing evidence that this mechanism contributes significantly to the observed temperatures. Chenliang Huang Tommi Koskinen A hydrodynamic study of radiative cooling The heating by photo-ionization in the thermosphere of short-period University of Arizona and escape of metal species in hot Jupiter exoplanets can drive hydrodynamic escape, which is key to understanding the atmospheres evolution of the planet atmosphere and explaining the atmospheric measurements. Besides powering the atmosphere escape, the energy deposited by EUV photons from the host star can also be radiated away through collisional excited atomic spectral lines, leading the mass loss rate to fall significantly below the energy limit. -
Paul Hertz Director, Astrophysics Division Science Mission Directorate @Phertznasa 1 NASA Astrophysics Celebrate Accomplishments
NASA Astrophysics Update Astrophysics Advisory Committee March 5, 2020 Paul Hertz Director, Astrophysics Division Science Mission Directorate @PHertzNASA 1 NASA Astrophysics Celebrate Accomplishments 2 https://www.nasa.gov/content/hubbles-30th-anniversary 3 4 After 16.5 yrs of science exploration on the infrared cosmic frontier as one of NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope Great Observatories, Spitzer ended its mission on Jan 30, 2020, 2:30 PST. Spitzer enabled discovery near and far, to the edge of the universe, yielding 8,800+ refereed papers. • First detection of light from an exoplanet • First detection of molecules in exoplanet atmospheres • Measurement of star formation history of the Universe to z>2, looking back >10 Gyr • Measurement of the stellar mass of the Universe to z>8, looking back ~13 Gyr www.spitzer.caltech.edu/final-voyage The Legacy of the Spitzer Space Telescope Celebrated • Hosted by the California Institute of Technology and Engineering feats extended mission life sponsored by Ball Aerospace post-cryo in 2009 and overcame challenges due to Spitzer’s increasing • 11-13 February 2020 distance from Earth. https://conference.ipac.caltech.edu/legacyofspitzer/ 5 TESS detects planets in misaligned orbits around TESS rapidly rotating A-type stars Transiting Exoplanet MASCARA-4b Survey Satellite Oblate stars (due to rapid rotation) exhibit surface Observation Sector 22 temperature gradients, with darkness near the stellar (Orbit 51) in progress equator (‘gravity-darkening’) Asymmetric transit shapes can reveal a planet in an orbit misaligned with the spin of a gravity-darkened star 41 confirmed planets • TESS observations of MASCARA-4b shows that it is a hot Jupiter in a highly misaligned orbit (Ahlers et al. -
NASA Astrophysics Update APAC Meeting | March 15, 2021
NASA Astrophysics Update APAC Meeting | March 15, 2021 Paul Hertz Director, Astrophysics Division Science Mission Directorate @NASAUniverse @NASAExoplanets Highlights of 2020+ 2 https://www.nasa.gov/content/hubbles-30th-anniversary 3 After 16.5 yrs of science exploration on the infrared cosmic frontier as one of NASA’s Great Observatories, Spitzer ended its mission on Jan 30, 2020, 2:30 PST. Spitzer Space Telescope Spitzer enabled discovery near and far, to the edge of the universe, yielding 8,800+ refereed papers. • First detection of light from an exoplanet • First detection of molecules in exoplanet atmospheres • Measurement of star formation history of the Universe to z>2, looking back >10 Gyr • Measurement of the stellar mass of the Universe to z>8, looking back ~13 Gyr www.spitzer.caltech.edu/final-voyage Engineering feats extended mission life post-cryo in 2009 and overcame challenges due to Spitzer’s increasing distance from Earth. 4 NASA's Mars 2020 Perseverance rover launched on the Atlas V-541 rocket from Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida on July 30, 2020, at 7:50 a.m. ET. Perseverance (and the Ingenuity Mars helicopter tech demo) will land on Mars on February 18, 2021, around 3:30 pm ET. 5:5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4czjS9h4Fpg&ab_channel=NASA Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech 6 A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the company's Crew Dragon spacecraft is launched on NASA’s SpaceX Crew-1 mission to the International Space Station with NASA astronauts onboard, Sunday, Nov. 15, 2020, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. -
The Search for Habitable Environments and Life in the Universe
Astro2020 Science White Paper Detecting Protoplanets and Tracing the Composition and Evolution of Planet-forming Material with Large UV/Optical Observatories Thematic Areas: ☒ Planetary Systems ☒ Star and Planet Formation Principal Author: Name: Kevin France Institution: University of Colorado Boulder Email: [email protected] Phone: 1-303-492-1429 Co-authors: (names and institutions) Ilaria Pascucci, University of Arizona Ruobing Dong, University of Victoria (Canada) David R. Ardila, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Nuria Calvet, University of Michigan Ana I Gómez de Castro, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain) Catherine Espaillat, Boston University Hans Moritz Günther, MIT Gregory J. Herczeg, Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University (China) Carlo F. Manara, European Southern Observatory (Germany) John M. O’Meara, W. M. Keck Observatory Christian Schneider, Hamburg Observatory (Germany) Abstract: With approximately 4,000 confirmed extrasolar planets, a key challenge for the next decade is characterizing the environments in which planets assemble and grow their nascent atmospheres. Understanding the characteristics of planet-forming disks is critical to our larger search for habitable worlds in two primary ways. First, by determining the timescale and composition of nebular volatiles, we constrain which nearby planetary systems are most likely to host habitable atmospheres. Second, by constraining planet properties that are not directly observable (e.g. bulk composition), we provide important context for spectra of potential Earth-like planets. This white paper describes how future, large (primary apertures larger than ~12m) UV/optical observatories can detect accreting protoplanets, quantify the evolution of material at planet- forming radii, and provide new constraints on the dispersal of material through disk winds. -
Kevin France
Curriculum Vitae Kevin France Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado, UCB 600 3665 Discovery Dr. Boulder, CO 80309, USA Office: Room N214 – LASP SPSC Room D219 – Duane Physics Phone: 303-492-1429 Email: [email protected] www: http://cos.colorado.edu/~kevinf/ Education: Ph.D. – Astrophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 2006 Advisor: Paul D. Feldman Title: “Far-Ultraviolet Molecular Hydrogen Fluorescence in Photodissociation Regions” B.A. – Physics and Astronomy, Boston University, 2000 magna cum laude with Distinction, College Prize in Astronomy Professional Positions: 2020 –Present: Associate Chair for Graduate Studies, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences – University of Colorado 2015 – Present: Assistant Professor, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences & LASP – University of Colorado 2013 – 2015: Assistant Research Professor, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences – University of Colorado 2013 – 2015: NASA Nancy Grace Roman Technology Fellow 2007 – Present: Research Associate or Fellow, CASA – University of Colorado 2006 – 2007: Postdoctoral Fellow, CITA and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto 2000 – 2006: Research Assistant, Sounding Rocket Group, Johns Hopkins University 1998 – 2000: Research Assistant, Ultraviolet Research Group, Center for Space Physics, Boston University Science Interests: Dr. France’s research group, The Colorado Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Program (CUSP), is an astrophysics research group at the University of Colorado. -
Kevin France
Curriculum Vitae Kevin France Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado, UCB 600 3665 Discovery Dr. Boulder, CO 80309, USA Office: Room N214 – LASP SPSC Room D219 – Duane Physics Phone: 303-492-1429 Email: [email protected] www: http://cos.colorado.edu/~kevinf/ Education: Ph.D. – Astrophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 2006 Advisor: Paul D. Feldman Title: “Far-Ultraviolet Molecular Hydrogen Fluorescence in Photodissociation Regions” B.A. – Physics and Astronomy, Boston University, 2000 magna cum laude with Distinction, College Prize in Astronomy Professional Positions: 2020 – Present: Associate Chair for Graduate Studies, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences – University of Colorado 2015 – Present: Assistant Professor, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences & LASP – University of Colorado 2013 – 2015: Assistant Research Professor, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences – University of Colorado 2013 – 2015: NASA Nancy Grace Roman Technology Fellow 2007 – Present: Research Associate or Fellow, CASA – University of Colorado 2006 – 2007: Postdoctoral Fellow, CITA and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto 2000 – 2006: Research Assistant, Sounding Rocket Group, Johns Hopkins University 1998 – 2000: Research Assistant, Ultraviolet Research Group, Center for Space Physics, Boston University Science Interests: Dr. France’s research group, The Colorado Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Program (CUSP), is an astrophysics research group at the University of Colorado.